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Elnagar MM, Abou‐El‐Sherbini KS, Samir S, Sharmoukh W, Abdel‐Aziz MS, Shaker YM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New 4'-Functionalized Bis-Terpyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Anti-Inflammatory Activity Advances. ChemMedChem 2025; 20:e202400680. [PMID: 39417784 PMCID: PMC11793853 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes incorporating 2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine ligands have emerged as promising candidates due to their versatile biological activities including DNA-binding, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, three new 4'-functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes were synthesized. These complexes feature one ligand as 4-(2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl) benzoic acid and the second ligand as either 4'-(2-thienyl)-2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine, 4'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine, or 4'-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine. Besides the chemical characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy, the complexes were tested for their biological activity as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes was assessed and benchmarked against diclofenac potassium and ibuprofen using a haemolysis assay. Biological evaluations demonstrate that these ruthenium complexes exhibit promising therapeutic potential with reduced haemolytic activity compared to standard drugs. They demonstrate substantial anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of albumin denaturation along with moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the multifaceted biomedical applications of 4'-functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes, suggesting their potential for further development as effective and safe therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Elnagar
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth St. (former Tahrir St.)12622Dokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Khaled S. Abou‐El‐Sherbini
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth St. (former Tahrir St.)12622Dokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTheodor Bilharz Research InstituteP.O. Box 30GizaEgypt
| | - Walid Sharmoukh
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth St. (former Tahrir St.)12622Dokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel‐Aziz
- Department of Microbial ChemistryNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth St. (former Tahrir St.)12622Dokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Yasser M. Shaker
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug IndustriesDepartment of the Chemistry of Natural and Microbial ProductsNational Research CentreEl Buhouth StreetDokki, Cairo12622Egypt
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Rani R, Marinho Righetto G, Schäfer AB, Wenzel M. The Diverse Activities and Mechanisms of the Acylphloroglucinol Antibiotic Rhodomyrtone: Antibacterial Activity and Beyond. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:936. [PMID: 39452203 PMCID: PMC11504083 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The rose myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant used in traditional Asian medicine. The active compound in R. tomentosa leaf extracts is rhodomyrtone, a chiral acylphloroglucinol. Rhodomyrtone exhibits an impressive breadth of activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antiplasmodial, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. Its antibacterial properties have been extensively studied. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review on rhodomyrtone and summarized the current knowledge about this promising acylphloroglucinol antibiotic and its diverse functions in this review. Results: Rhodomyrtone shows nano to micromolar activities against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, and possesses a unique mechanism of action. It increases membrane fluidity and creates hyperfluid domains that attract membrane proteins prior to forming large membrane vesicles, effectively acting as a membrane protein trap. This mechanism affects a multitude of cellular processes, including cell division and cell wall synthesis. Additionally, rhodomyrtone reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-17A, IL1β, and IL8. Generally showing low toxicity against mammalian cells, rhodomyrtone does inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines, such as epidermal carcinoma cells. The primary mechanism behind this activity appears to be the downregulation of adhesion kinases and growth factors. Furthermore, rhodomyrtone has shown antioxidant activity and displays cognitive effects, such as decreasing depressive symptoms in mice. Conclusions: Rhodomyrtone shows great promise as therapeutic agent, mostly for antibacterial but also for diverse other applications. Yet, bottlenecks such as resistance development and a better understanding of mammalian cell toxictiy demand careful assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Rani
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Marinho Righetto
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Britt Schäfer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Issuriya A, Jatutasri K, Sanpinit S, Chusri S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Kaewmanee T, Phoopha S, Jetwanna KWN, Limsuwan S. Potential applications of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract as natural anti-staphylococcal additive in food systems: Efficacy and in vivo safety evaluation. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:370-383. [PMID: 36959762 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231165667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore the potential use of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ethanol leaf extract (RTEL) as an alternative food preservative agent for controlling the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activities against food-isolated S. aureus were performed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays, followed by evaluating in vivo subacute oral toxicity of the extract. Salad dressing was used as a food model to study bactericidal properties and consumer acceptability. RTEL remarkably inhibited S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 7.81-62.5 µg/mL. Repeated oral doses (5, 50, and 300 mg/kg RTEL) for 28 days did not affect any of the measured toxicity parameters. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of RTEL was noted as more than 300 mg/kg body weight/day. The utilization of RTEL (12.5 mg/mL) in the vinaigrette salad dressing did not affect the consumer acceptability of the product, remarkably killed the pathogen within 3-9 h of exposure. The results indicated that RTEL is safe and effective as a natural anti-staphylococcal controlling agent that could be utilized in food systems. Further work is required on the effects of enterotoxin production, an important virulence factor of S. aureus responsible for food-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Issuriya
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kawinsak Jatutasri
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Yala, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Sanpinit
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations, and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Kaewmanee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Surasak Limsuwan
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Suwandecha T, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Towtawin K, Voravuthikunchai SP, Sriwiriyajan S. A Novel Antibiotic, Rhodomyrtone: Pharmacokinetic Studies in a Murine Model and Optimization and Validation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Plasma Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:156. [PMID: 38391542 PMCID: PMC10885983 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodomyrtone has indisputable and undeniable potential as a new antibiotic for antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics profiles of orally administered rhodomyrtone in rats. A reverse-phase HPLC-UV method was developed, optimized and validated for the analysis of rhodomyrtone concentrations in rat plasma. The retention time of papaverine and rhodomyrtone was 3.928 and 5.937 min, with no interference with the excipients used. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of rhodomyrtone in the plasma sample was 0.04 μg/mL, the accuracy of rhodomyrtone at the LLOQ level ranged from 93.64 to 106.36%, precision was 6.59%, 80-120% for accuracy and <20% CV for precision. The calibration curve was linear at concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 128 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) value of equal to or greater than 0.999. Sprague Dawley rats received a single dose of rhodomyrtone at 50 and 100 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from tail veins. The peak plasma concentration was observed at 2 h, and the area under the curve of rhodomyrtone at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg was 3.41 ± 1.04 and 7.82 ± 1.53 μg·h/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics characteristics at the studied dosage range. The plasma concentration of rhodomyrtone was above the minimal inhibition concentrations of several common pathogenic bacteria of medical importance. The proposed HPLC-UV method is fast, cost-effective, reliable and reproducible, and it is proposed for the routine analysis of rhodomyrtone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Suwandecha
- School of Pharmacy and Drug and Cosmetic Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thaiburi, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Kanokkan Towtawin
- Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sriwiriyajan
- Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Ontong JC, Singh S, Siriyong T, Voravuthikunchai SP. Transferosomes stabilized hydrogel incorporated rhodomyrtone-rich extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf fortified with phosphatidylcholine for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:127-142. [PMID: 38150096 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf (RT)-incorporated transferosomes were developed with lecithin and cholesterol blends with edge activators at different ratios. RT-transferosomes were characterized and employed in transferosomal gel formulations for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections. The optimized formulation entrapped up to 81.90 ± 0.31% of RT with spherical vesicles (405.3 ± 2.0 nm), polydispersity index value of 0.16 ± 0.08, and zeta potential of - 61.62 ± 0.86 mV. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of RT-transferosomes were 15.65 ± 0.04 μg GAE/g extract and 43.13 ± 0.91 μg QE/g extract, respectively. RT-transferosomes demonstrated minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations at 8-256 and 64-1024 μg/mL, respectively. Free radical scavenging assay showed RT-transferosomes with high scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Moreover, RT-transferosomes demonstrated moderate activity against mushroom tyrosinase, with IC50 values of 245.32 ± 1.32 μg/mL. The biocompatibility results against L929 fibroblast and Vero cells demonstrated IC50 at 7.05 ± 0.17 and 4.73 ± 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, nitric oxide production significantly decreased by 6.78-88.25% following the treatment with 31.2-500 ng/mL RT-transferosomes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the freeze-thaw stability study displayed no significant change in stability in the sedimentation and pH of gel fortified with RT-transferosomes. The results suggested that RT-transferosome formulation can be effectively employed as natural biomedicines for scar prevention and the management of skin soft-tissue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julalak Chorachoo Ontong
- Cosmetic Technology and Dietary Supplement Products Program, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Ban Pa Phayom, 93210, Phatthalung, Thailand.
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanyaluck Siriyong
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang P Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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6
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Fitzpatrick LLJ, Ligabue-Braun R, Nekaris KAI. Slowly Making Sense: A Review of the Two-Step Venom System within Slow ( Nycticebus spp.) and Pygmy Lorises ( Xanthonycticebus spp.). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:514. [PMID: 37755940 PMCID: PMC10536643 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, studies of the evolution of venom within animals have rapidly expanded, offering new revelations on the origins and development of venom within various species. The venomous mammals represent excellent opportunities to study venom evolution due to the varying functional usages, the unusual distribution of venom across unrelated mammals and the diverse variety of delivery systems. A group of mammals that excellently represents a combination of these traits are the slow (Nycticebus spp.) and pygmy lorises (Xanthonycticebus spp.) of south-east Asia, which possess the only confirmed two-step venom system. These taxa also present one of the most intriguing mixes of toxic symptoms (cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity) and functional usages (intraspecific competition and ectoparasitic defence) seen in extant animals. We still lack many pieces of the puzzle in understanding how this venom system works, why it evolved what is involved in the venom system and what triggers the toxic components to work. Here, we review available data building upon a decade of research on this topic, focusing especially on why and how this venom system may have evolved. We discuss that research now suggests that venom in slow lorises has a sophisticated set of multiple uses in both intraspecific competition and the potential to disrupt the immune system of targets; we suggest that an exudate diet reveals several toxic plants consumed by slow and pygmy lorises that could be sequestered into their venom and which may help heal venomous bite wounds; we provide the most up-to-date visual model of the brachial gland exudate secretion protein (BGEsp); and we discuss research on a complement component 1r (C1R) protein in saliva that may solve the mystery of what activates the toxicity of slow and pygmy loris venom. We conclude that the slow and pygmy lorises possess amongst the most complex venom system in extant animals, and while we have still a lot more to understand about their venom system, we are close to a breakthrough, particularly with current technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lucy Joscelyne Fitzpatrick
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Avenida Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - K Anne-Isola Nekaris
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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7
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Chorachoo Ontong J, Singh S, Nwabor OF, Chusri S, Kaewnam W, Kanokwiroon K, Septama AW, Panichayupakaranant P, Voravuthikunchai SP. Microwave-assisted extract of rhodomyrtone from rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf: Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and safety assessment of topical rhodomyrtone formulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2169162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julalak Chorachoo Ontong
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence and Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Cosmetic Technology and Dietary Supplement Products Program, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Ban Pa Phayom, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence and Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence and Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wijittra Kaewnam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, Kawasan Puspitek Serpong, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, TangerangSelatan, Indonesia
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence and Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Elmesseri RA, Saleh SE, Elsherif HM, Yahia IS, Aboshanab KM. Staphyloxanthin as a Potential Novel Target for Deciphering Promising Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:298. [PMID: 35326762 PMCID: PMC8944557 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a fatal Gram-positive pathogen threatening numerous cases of hospital-admitted patients worldwide. The emerging resistance of the pathogen to several antimicrobial agents has pressurized research to propose new strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Novel strategies include targeting the virulence factors of S. aureus. One of the most prominent virulence factors of S. aureus is its eponymous antioxidant pigment staphyloxanthin (STX), which is an auspicious target for anti-virulence therapy. This review provides an updated outline on STX and multiple strategies to attenuate this virulence factor. The approaches discussed in this article focus on bioprospective and chemically synthesized inhibitors of STX, inter-species communication and genetic manipulation. Various inhibitor molecules were found to exhibit appreciable inhibitory effect against STX and hence would be able to serve as potential anti-virulence agents for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A. Elmesseri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt; (R.A.E.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Sarra E. Saleh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. Elsherif
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt; (R.A.E.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Biomedical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Zhang X, Wang G, Wang T, Chen J, Feng C, Yun S, Cheng Y, Cheng F, Cao J. Selenomethionine alleviated fluoride-induced toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by restoring oxidative balance and rebuilding inflammation homeostasis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106019. [PMID: 34788727 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish are target organisms that are extremely susceptible to fluoride pollution, and an increase in fluoride load will damage multiple systems of fish. Selenomethionine (Se-Met) at low levels has been reported to alleviate oxidative damage and inflammation caused by toxic substances, but whether it can alleviate fluoride-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos has not been elucidated. In this study, the intervention effects of Se-Met on developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in zebrafish embryos exposed to fluoride were determined. Our results showed that fluoride accumulated in larvae and induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, caused oxidative damage and apoptosis, increased significantly the MPO and LZM activities and the levels of the inflammation-related genes IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, fluoride significantly increased the levels of ERK2, JNK, p38 and p65 in MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Se-Met-treatment alleviated the adverse effects induced by fluoride, and all of the above indicators induced by fluoride returned to near control levels with increasing concentrations and time. However, treatment with Se-Met-alone also markedly increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, ERK2 and JNK. In short, these data demonstrated that Se-Met-could alleviate fluoride-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos by restoring oxidative balance and rebuilding inflammation homeostasis, although low levels of Se-Met-alone had certain toxic effects on zebrafish embryos. Taken together, Se-Met-plays an important role in preventing toxic damage induced by fluoride in zebrafish embryos, although it has certain toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Feier Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Wunnoo S, Bilhman S, Amnuaikit T, Ontong JC, Singh S, Auepemkiate S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Rhodomyrtone as a New Natural Antibiotic Isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract: A Clinical Application in the Management of Acne Vulgaris. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020108. [PMID: 33499400 PMCID: PMC7912151 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodomyrtone, a plant-derived principal compound isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae) leaf extract, was assessed as a potential natural alternative for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The clinical efficacy of a 1% liposomal encapsulated rhodomyrtone serum was compared with a marketed 1% clindamycin gel. In a randomized and double-blind controlled clinical trial, 60 volunteers with mild to moderate acne severity were assigned to two groups: rhodomyrtone serum and clindamycin gel. The volunteers were instructed to apply the samples to acne lesions on their faces twice daily. A significant reduction in the total numbers of acne lesions was demonstrated in both treatment groups between week 2 and 8 (p < 0.05). Significant differences in acne numbers compared with the baseline were evidenced at week 2 onwards (p < 0.05). At the end of the clinical trial, the total inflamed acne counts in the 1% rhodomyrtone serum group were significantly reduced by 36.36%, comparable to 34.70% in the clindamycin-treated group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a commercial prototype was developed, and a clinical assessment of 45 volunteers was performed. After application of the commercial prototype for 1 week, 68.89% and 28.89% of volunteers demonstrated complete and improved inflammatory acne, respectively. All of the subjects presented no signs of irritation or side effects during the treatment. Most of the volunteers (71.11%) indicated that they were very satisfied. Rhodomyrtone serum was demonstrated to be effective and safe for the treatment of inflammatory acne lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttiwan Wunnoo
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.W.); (S.B.); (J.C.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Siwaporn Bilhman
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.W.); (S.B.); (J.C.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Thanaporn Amnuaikit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Julalak C. Ontong
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.W.); (S.B.); (J.C.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.W.); (S.B.); (J.C.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sauvarat Auepemkiate
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.W.); (S.B.); (J.C.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7428-8321
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