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Tarigholizadeh S, Motafakkerazad R, Mohajel Kazemi E, Kolahi M, Salehi-Lisar SY, Sushkova S, Minkina T. Phenanthrene metabolism in Panicum miliaceum: anatomical adaptations, degradation pathway, and computational analysis of a dioxygenase enzyme. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33737-5. [PMID: 38777975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants of environmental concern due to their potential impacts on food chain, with plants being particularly vulnerable. While plants can uptake, transport, and transform PAHs, the precise mechanisms underlying their localization and degradation are not fully understood. Here, a cultivation experiment conducted with Panicum miliaceum exposed different concentrations of phenanthrene (PHE). Intermediate PHE degradation compounds were identified via GC-MS analysis, leading to the proposal of a phytodegradation pathway featuring three significant benzene ring cleavage steps. Our results showed that P. miliaceum exhibited the ability to effectively degrade high levels of PHE, resulting in the production of various intermediate products through several chemical changes. Examination of the localization and anatomical characteristics revealed structural alterations linked to PHE stress, with an observed enhancement in PHE accumulation density in both roots and shoots as treatment levels increased. Following a 2-week aging period, a decrease in the amount of PHE accumulation was observed, along with a change in its localization. Bioinformatics analysis of the P. miliaceum 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) DAO-like protein revealed a 299 amino acid structure with two highly conserved domains, namely 2OG-FeII_Oxy and DIOX_N. Molecular docking analysis aligned with experimental results, strongly affirming the potential link and direct action of 2-ODD DAO-like protein with PHE. Our study highlights P. miliaceum capacity for PAHs degradation and elucidates the mechanisms behind enhanced degradation efficiency. By integrating experimental evidence with bioinformatics analysis, we offer valuable insights into the potential applications of plant-based remediation strategies for PAHs-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarieh Tarigholizadeh
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Rouhollah Motafakkerazad
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Yahya Salehi-Lisar
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Voller F, Ardanuy A, Taylor AFS, Johnson D. Maintenance of host specialisation gradients in ectomycorrhizal symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1426-1435. [PMID: 37984824 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Many fungi that form ectomycorrhizas exhibit a degree of host specialisation, and individual trees are frequently colonised by communities of mycorrhizal fungi comprising species that fall on a gradient of specialisation along genetic, functional and taxonomic axes of variation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exhibit little specialisation. Here, we propose that host tree root morphology is a key factor that gives host plants fine-scale control over colonisation and therefore opportunities for driving specialisation and speciation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. A gradient in host specialisation is likely driven by four proximate mechanistic 'filters' comprising partner availability, signalling recognition, competition for colonisation, and symbiotic function (trade, rewards and sanctions), and the spatially restricted colonisation seen in heterorhizic roots enables these mechanisms, especially symbiotic function, to be more effective in driving the evolution of specialisation. We encourage manipulation experiments that integrate molecular genetics and isotope tracers to test these mechanisms, alongside mathematical simulations of eco-evolutionary dynamics in mycorrhizal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Voller
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Agnès Ardanuy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Andy F S Taylor
- Ecological Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Xia M, McCormack ML, Suseela V, Kennedy PG, Tharayil N. Formations of mycorrhizal symbiosis alter the phenolic heteropolymers in roots and leaves of four temperate woody species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1476-1485. [PMID: 38659127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60523, USA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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4
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Kawa D, Thiombiano B, Shimels MZ, Taylor T, Walmsley A, Vahldick HE, Rybka D, Leite MFA, Musa Z, Bucksch A, Dini-Andreote F, Schilder M, Chen AJ, Daksa J, Etalo DW, Tessema T, Kuramae EE, Raaijmakers JM, Bouwmeester H, Brady SM. The soil microbiome modulates the sorghum root metabolome and cellular traits with a concomitant reduction of Striga infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113971. [PMID: 38537644 PMCID: PMC11063626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor is among the most important cereals globally and a staple crop for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 20% of sorghum yield is lost annually in Africa due to infestation with the root parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Existing Striga management strategies are not singularly effective and integrated approaches are needed. Here, we demonstrate the functional potential of the soil microbiome to suppress Striga infection in sorghum. We associate this suppression with microbiome-mediated induction of root endodermal suberization and aerenchyma formation and with depletion of haustorium-inducing factors, compounds required for the initial stages of Striga infection. We further identify specific bacterial taxa that trigger the observed Striga-suppressive traits. Collectively, our study describes the importance of the soil microbiome in the early stages of root infection by Striga and pinpoints mechanisms of Striga suppression. These findings open avenues to broaden the effectiveness of integrated Striga management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kawa
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Plant Stress Resilience, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Environmental and Computational Plant Development, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahdere Z Shimels
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamera Taylor
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aimee Walmsley
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah E Vahldick
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dominika Rybka
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcio F A Leite
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zayan Musa
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Bucksch
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mario Schilder
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Chen
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jiregna Daksa
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Desalegn W Etalo
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Taye Tessema
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, 3G53+6XC Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Uddin N, Li X, Ullah MW, Sethupathy S, Ma K, Zahoor, Elboughdiri N, Khan KA, Zhu D. Lignin developmental patterns and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129595. [PMID: 38253138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lignin and Casparian strips are two essential components of plant cells that play critical roles in plant development regulate nutrients and water across the plants cell. Recent studies have extensively investigated lignin diversity and Casparian strip formation, providing valuable insights into plant physiology. This review presents the established lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the developmental patterns of lignin and Casparian strip and transcriptional network associated with Casparian strip formation. It describes the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate lignin biosynthesis and deposition in different plants cell types and tissues. Additionally, the review highlights recent studies that have uncovered novel lignin biosynthesis genes and enzymatic pathways, expanding our understanding of lignin diversity. This review also discusses the developmental patterns of Casparian strip in roots and their role in regulating nutrient and water transport, focusing on recent genetic and molecular studies that have identified regulators of Casparian strip formation. Previous research has shown that lignin biosynthesis genes also play a role in Casparian strip formation, suggesting that these processes are interconnected. In conclusion, this comprehensive overview provides insights into the developmental patterns of lignin diversity and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers. It also identifies future research directions, including the functional characterization of novel lignin biosynthesis genes and the identification of additional regulators of Casparian strip formation. Overall, this review enhances our understanding of the complex and interconnected processes that drive plant growth, pathogen defense, regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Uddin
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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6
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Kimotho RN, Maina S. Unraveling plant-microbe interactions: can integrated omics approaches offer concrete answers? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1289-1313. [PMID: 37950741 PMCID: PMC10901211 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high throughput omics techniques provide avenues to decipher plant microbiomes. However, there is limited information on how integrated informatics can help provide deeper insights into plant-microbe interactions in a concerted way. Integrating multi-omics datasets can transform our understanding of the plant microbiome from unspecified genetic influences on interacting species to specific gene-by-gene interactions. Here, we highlight recent progress and emerging strategies in crop microbiome omics research and review key aspects of how the integration of host and microbial omics-based datasets can be used to provide a comprehensive outline of complex crop-microbe interactions. We describe how these technological advances have helped unravel crucial plant and microbial genes and pathways that control beneficial, pathogenic, and commensal plant-microbe interactions. We identify crucial knowledge gaps and synthesize current limitations in our understanding of crop microbiome omics approaches. We highlight recent studies in which multi-omics-based approaches have led to improved models of crop microbial community structure and function. Finally, we recommend holistic approaches in integrating host and microbial omics datasets to achieve precision and efficiency in data analysis, which is crucial for biotic and abiotic stress control and in understanding the contribution of the microbiota in shaping plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Njoroge Kimotho
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Solomon Maina
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales 2568, Australia
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7
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Gandhi A, Tseng YH, Oelmüller R. The damage-associated molecular pattern cellotriose alters the phosphorylation pattern of proteins involved in cellulose synthesis and trans-Golgi trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2184352. [PMID: 36913771 PMCID: PMC10026868 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2184352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the cellulose breakdown product cellotriose is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) which induces responses related to the integrity of the cell wall. Activation of downstream responses requires the Arabidopsis malectin domain-containing CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CORK1)1. The cellotriose/CORK1 pathway induces immune responses, including NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/6 phosphorylation-dependent defense gene activation, and the biosynthesis of defense hormones. However, apoplastic accumulation of cell wall breakdown products should also activate cell wall repair mechanisms. We demonstrate that the phosphorylation pattern of numerous proteins involved in the accumulation of an active cellulose synthase complex in the plasma membrane and those for protein trafficking to and within the trans-Golgi network (TGN) are altered within minutes after cellotriose application to Arabidopsis roots. The phosphorylation pattern of enzymes involved in hemicellulose or pectin biosynthesis and the transcript levels for polysaccharide-synthesizing enzymes responded barely to cellotriose treatments. Our data show that the phosphorylation pattern of proteins involved in cellulose biosynthesis and trans-Golgi trafficking is an early target of the cellotriose/CORK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- CONTACT Ralf Oelmüller Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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8
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Liu T, Kreszies T. The exodermis: A forgotten but promising apoplastic barrier. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 290:154118. [PMID: 37871477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The endodermis and exodermis are widely recognized as two important barriers in plant roots that play a role in regulating the movement of water and ions. While the endodermis is present in nearly all plant roots, the exodermis, characterized by Casparian strips and suberin lamellae is absent in certain plant species. The exodermis can be classified into three types: uniform, dimorphic, and inducible exodermis. Apart from its role in water and ion transport, the exodermis acts as a protective barrier against harmful substances present in the external environment. Furthermore, the exodermis is a complex barrier influenced by various environmental factors, and its resistance to water and ions varies depending on the type of exodermis and the maturity of the root. Therefore, investigations concerning the exodermis necessitate a plant-specific approach. However, our current understanding of the exodermal physiological functions and molecular mechanisms governing its development is limited due to the absence of an exodermis in the model plant Arabidopsis. Due to that, unfortunately, the exodermis has been largely overlooked until now. In this review, we aim to summarize the current fundamental knowledge regarding the exodermis in common research used crop species and propose suggestions for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Kreszies
- Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Jhu MY, Ellison EE, Sinha NR. CRISPR gene editing to improve crop resistance to parasitic plants. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1289416. [PMID: 37965302 PMCID: PMC10642197 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1289416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic plants pose a significant threat to global agriculture, causing substantial crop losses and hampering food security. In recent years, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) gene-editing technology has emerged as a promising tool for developing resistance against various plant pathogens. Its application in combating parasitic plants, however, remains largely unexplored. This review aims to summarise current knowledge and research gaps in utilising CRISPR to develop resistance against parasitic plants. First, we outline recent improvements in CRISPR gene editing tools, and what has been used to combat various plant pathogens. To realise the immense potential of CRISPR, a greater understanding of the genetic basis underlying parasitic plant-host interactions is critical to identify suitable target genes for modification. Therefore, we discuss the intricate interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts, highlighting essential genes and molecular mechanisms involved in defence response and multilayer resistance. These include host resistance responses directly repressing parasitic plant germination or growth and indirectly influencing parasitic plant development via manipulating environmental factors. Finally, we evaluate CRISPR-mediated effectiveness and long-term implications for host resistance and crop improvement, including inducible resistance response and tissue-specific activity. In conclusion, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities CRISPR technology provides to combat parasitic plants and provides insights for future research directions to safeguard global agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evan E. Ellison
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neelima R. Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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10
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He Z. WeiTsing, the warrior of root battleground. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2445-2447. [PMID: 37306900 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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11
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Jhu MY, Kawa D, Brady SM. The genetic basis of plants' battle against witchweeds: linking immune responses to distinct resistance mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4903-4909. [PMID: 37702012 PMCID: PMC10498022 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Mutinda S, Mobegi FM, Hale B, Dayou O, Ateka E, Wijeratne A, Wicke S, Bellis ES, Runo S. 2023. Resolving intergenotypic Striga resistance in sorghum. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5294–5306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dorota Kawa
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Plant Stress Resilience, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Plant Environment Signaling, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhán M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Cao Y, Ma J, Han S, Hou M, Wei X, Zhang X, Zhang ZJ, Sun S, Ku L, Tang J, Dong Z, Zhu Z, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhang L, Li X, Long Y, Wan X, Duan C. Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles reveal cell type-specific transcriptional regulation networks conditioning fungal invasion in maize roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1839-1859. [PMID: 37349934 PMCID: PMC10440994 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Fv) is one of the most destructive diseases in maize production. The defence response of root system to Fv invasion is important for plant growth and development. Dissection of root cell type-specific response to Fv infection and its underlying transcription regulatory networks will aid in understanding the defence mechanism of maize roots to Fv invasion. Here, we reported the transcriptomes of 29 217 single cells derived from root tips of two maize inbred lines inoculated with Fv and mock condition, and identified seven major cell types with 21 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. Through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 12 Fv-responsive regulatory modules from 4049 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were activated or repressed by Fv infection in these seven cell types. Using a machining-learning approach, we constructed six cell type-specific immune regulatory networks by integrating Fv-induced DEGs from the cell type-specific transcriptomes, 16 known maize disease-resistant genes, five experimentally validated genes (ZmWOX5b, ZmPIN1a, ZmPAL6, ZmCCoAOMT2, and ZmCOMT), and 42 QTL or QTN predicted genes that are associated with Fv resistance. Taken together, this study provides not only a global view of maize cell fate determination during root development but also insights into the immune regulatory networks in major cell types of maize root tips at single-cell resolution, thus laying the foundation for dissecting molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Cao
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Juan Ma
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Shengbo Han
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengwei Hou
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xingrui Zhang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhanyuan J. Zhang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Plant Transformation Core FacilityUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Present address:
Inari Agriculture, Inc.West LafayetteIndiana47906USA
| | - Suli Sun
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lixia Ku
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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13
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Zhu J, Moreno-Pérez A, Coaker G. Understanding plant pathogen interactions using spatial and single-cell technologies. Commun Biol 2023; 6:814. [PMID: 37542114 PMCID: PMC10403533 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are in contact with diverse pathogens and microorganisms. Intense investigation over the last 30 years has resulted in the identification of multiple immune receptors in model and crop species as well as signaling overlap in surface-localized and intracellular immune receptors. However, scientists still have a limited understanding of how plants respond to diverse pathogens with spatial and cellular resolution. Recent advancements in single-cell, single-nucleus and spatial technologies can now be applied to plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we outline the current state of these technologies and highlight outstanding biological questions that can be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alba Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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14
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Wang W, Qin L, Zhang W, Tang L, Zhang C, Dong X, Miao P, Shen M, Du H, Cheng H, Wang K, Zhang X, Su M, Lu H, Li C, Gao Q, Zhang X, Huang Y, Liang C, Zhou JM, Chen YH. WeiTsing, a pericycle-expressed ion channel, safeguards the stele to confer clubroot resistance. Cell 2023; 186:2656-2671.e18. [PMID: 37295403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots encounter numerous pathogenic microbes that often cause devastating diseases. One such pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb), causes clubroot disease and severe yield losses on cruciferous crops worldwide. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of WeiTsing (WTS), a broad-spectrum clubroot resistance gene from Arabidopsis. WTS is transcriptionally activated in the pericycle upon Pb infection to prevent pathogen colonization in the stele. Brassica napus carrying the WTS transgene displayed strong resistance to Pb. WTS encodes a small protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its expression in plants induces immune responses. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of WTS revealed a previously unknown pentameric architecture with a central pore. Electrophysiology analyses demonstrated that WTS is a calcium-permeable cation-selective channel. Structure-guided mutagenesis indicated that channel activity is strictly required for triggering defenses. The findings uncover an ion channel analogous to resistosomes that triggers immune signaling in the pericycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hangyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
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15
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Jung SH, Riu M, Lee S, Kim JS, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. An anaerobic rhizobacterium primes rice immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1755-1761. [PMID: 36823752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Jung
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Myoungjoo Riu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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16
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Giannelli G, Potestio S, Visioli G. The Contribution of PGPR in Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops: Unravelling the Molecular Mechanisms of Cross-Talk between Plant and Bacteria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112197. [PMID: 37299176 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in global agricultural productivity with an estimated 50% of arable land predicted to become salinized by 2050. Since most domesticated crops are glycophytes, they cannot be cultivated on salt soils. The use of beneficial microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere (PGPR) is a promising tool to alleviate salt stress in various crops and represents a strategy to increase agricultural productivity in salt soils. Increasing evidence underlines that PGPR affect plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to salt stress. The mechanisms behind these phenomena include osmotic adjustment, modulation of the plant antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, modulation of the phytohormonal balance, increase in nutrient uptake, and the formation of biofilms. This review focuses on the recent literature regarding the molecular mechanisms that PGPR use to improve plant growth under salinity. In addition, very recent -OMICs approaches were reported, dissecting the role of PGPR in modulating plant genomes and epigenomes, opening up the possibility of combining the high genetic variations of plants with the action of PGPR for the selection of useful plant traits to cope with salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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17
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Poppeliers SW, Sánchez-Gil JJ, de Jonge R. Microbes to support plant health: understanding bioinoculant success in complex conditions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102286. [PMID: 36878082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
A promising, sustainable way to enhance plant health and productivity is by leveraging beneficial microbes. Beneficial microbes are natural soil residents with proven benefits for plant performance and health. When applied in agriculture to improve crop yield and performance, these microbes are commonly referred to as bioinoculants. Yet, despite their promising properties, bioinoculant efficacy can vary dramatically in the field, hampering their applicability. Invasion of the rhizosphere microbiome is a critical determinant for bioinoculant success. Invasion is a complex phenomenon that is shaped by interactions with the local, resident microbiome and the host plant. Here, we explore all of these dimensions by cross-cutting ecological theory and molecular biology of microbial invasion in the rhizosphere. We refer to the famous Chinese philosopher and strategist Sun Tzu, who believed that solutions for problems require deep understanding of the problems themselves, to review the major biotic factors determining bioinoculant effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Wm Poppeliers
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Sánchez-Gil
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Üstüner S, Schäfer P, Eichmann R. Development specifies, diversifies and empowers root immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55631. [PMID: 36330761 PMCID: PMC9724680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots are a highly organised plant tissue consisting of different cell types with distinct developmental functions defined by cell identity networks. Roots are the target of some of the most devastating diseases and possess a highly effective immune system. The recognition of microbe- or plant-derived molecules released in response to microbial attack is highly important in the activation of complex immunity gene networks. Development and immunity are intertwined, and immunity activation can result in growth inhibition. In turn, by connecting immunity and cell identity regulators, cell types are able to launch a cell type-specific immunity based on the developmental function of each cell type. By this strategy, fundamental developmental processes of each cell type contribute their most basic functions to drive cost-effective but highly diverse and, thus, efficient immune responses. This review highlights the interdependence of root development and immunity and how the developmental age of root cells contributes to positive and negative outcomes of development-immunity cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Üstüner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ruth Eichmann
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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19
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Burkart RC, Eljebbawi A, Stahl Y. Come together now: Dynamic body-formation of key regulators integrates environmental cues in plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052107. [PMID: 36452084 PMCID: PMC9702078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants as sessile organisms are constantly exposed to changing environmental conditions, challenging their growth and development. Indeed, not only above-ground organs but also the underground root system must adapt accordingly. Consequently, plants respond to these constraints at a gene-regulatory level to ensure their survival and well-being through key transcriptional regulators involved in different developmental processes. Recently, intrinsically disordered domains within these regulators are emerging as central nodes necessary not only for interactions with other factors but also for their partitioning into biomolecular condensates, so-called bodies, possibly driven by phase separation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about body-forming transcriptional regulators important for plant development and highlight their functions in a possible environmental context. In this perspective article, we discuss potential mechanisms for the formation of membrane-less bodies as an efficient and dynamic program needed for the adaptation to external cues with a particular focus on the Arabidopsis root. Hereby, we aim to provide a perspective for future research on transcriptional regulators to investigate body formation as an expeditious mechanism of plant-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Burkart
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Eljebbawi
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Birt HWG, Tharp CL, Custer GF, Dini-Andreote F. Root phenotypes as modulators of microbial microhabitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003868. [PMID: 36212354 PMCID: PMC9539067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are colonized by a multitude of microbial taxa that dynamically influence plant health. Plant-microbe interactions at the root-soil interface occur at the micro-scale and are affected by variation in root phenotypes. Different root phenotypes can have distinct impacts on physical and chemical gradients at the root-soil interface, leading to heterogeneous microhabitats for microbial colonization. Microbes that influence plant physiology will establish across these heterogeneous microhabitats, and, therefore, exploiting variation in root phenotypes can allow for targeted manipulation of plant-associated microbes. In this mini-review, we discuss how changes in root anatomy and architecture can influence resource availability and the spatial configuration of microbial microhabitats. We then propose research priorities that integrate root phenotypes and microbial microhabitats for advancing the manipulation of root-associated microbiomes. We foresee the yet-unexplored potential to harness diverse root phenotypes as a new level of precision in microbiome management in plant-root systems.
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