1
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Habelreeh HH, Athinarayanan J, Periasamy VS, Alshatwi AA. Maillard Reaction-Derived S-Doped Carbon Dots Promotes Downregulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1 Genes In-Vitro. Molecules 2024; 29:2008. [PMID: 38731499 PMCID: PMC11085050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) are commonly found in food products and have attracted significant attention from food scientists. There is a high probability of CD exposure in humans, but its impacts on health are unclear. Therefore, health effects associated with CD consumption should be investigated. In this study, we attempted to create a model system of the Maillard reaction between cystine and glucose using a simple cooking approach. The CDs (CG-CDs) were isolated from cystine-glucose-based Maillard reaction products and characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMCs) were used as a model to unravel the CDs' cytotoxic properties. The physiochemical assessment revealed that CG-CDs emit excitation-dependent fluorescence and possess a circular shape with sizes ranging from 2 to 13 nm. CG-CDs are predominantly composed of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation indicate good biocompatibility, where no severe toxicity was observed in hMCs up to 400 μg/mL. The DPPH assay demonstrated that CDs exert potent antioxidant abilities. The qPCR analysis revealed that CDs promote the downregulation of the key regulatory genes, PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and HMGCR, coupled with the upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes. Our findings suggested that, along with their excellent biocompatibility, CG-CDs may offer positive health outcomes by modulating critical genes involved in lipogenesis, homeostasis, and obesity pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.H.); (J.A.)
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2
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Han Y, Shi B, Xie E, Huang P, Zhou Y, Xue C, Wen W, Pu H, Zhang M, Wu J. A bio-inspired co-simulation crawling robot enabled by a carbon dot-doped dielectric elastomer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3436-3447. [PMID: 38564251 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible actuation materials play a crucial role in biomimetic robots. Seeking methods to enhance actuation and functionality is one of the directions in which actuators strive to meet the high-performance and diverse requirements of environmental conditions. Herein, by utilizing the method of adsorbing N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) onto SiO2 to form clusters of functional particles, a NCDs@SiO2/PDMS elastomer was prepared and its combined optical and electrical co-stimulation properties were effectively harnessed to develop a biomimetic crawling robot resembling Rhagophthalmus (firefly). The introduction of NCDs@SiO2 cluster particles not only effectively improves the mechanical and dielectric properties of the elastomer but also exhibits fluorescence response and actuation response under the co-stimulation of UV and electricity, respectively. Additionally, a hybrid dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) with a transparent SWCNT mesh electrode exhibits two notable advancements: an 826% increase in out-of-plane displacement under low electric field stimulation compared to the pure matrix and the ability of NCDs to maintain a stable excited state within the polymer for an extended duration under UV-excitation. Simultaneously, the transparent biomimetic crawling robot can stealthily move in specific environments and fluoresce under UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Han
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bori Shi
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - En Xie
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yaozhong Zhou
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chang Xue
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518031, China
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guang Zhou), Guang Zhou 511455, China
| | - Huayan Pu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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3
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Kamankesh M, Yadegar A, Llopis-Lorente A, Liu C, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Shokrgozar MA, Zali MR, Miri AH, Rad-Malekshahi M, Hamblin MR, Wacker MG. Future Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Improved Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302532. [PMID: 37697021 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recalcitrant pathogen, which can cause gastric disorders. During the past decades, polypharmacy-based regimens, such as triple and quadruple therapies have been widely used against H. pylori. However, polyantibiotic therapies can disturb the host gastric/gut microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, simpler but more effective approaches should be developed. Here, some recent advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems to treat H. pylori infection are summarized. Also, for the first time, a drug release paradigm is proposed to prevent H. pylori antibiotic resistance along with an IVIVC model in order to connect the drug release profile with a reduction in bacterial colony counts. Then, local delivery systems including mucoadhesive, mucopenetrating, and cytoadhesive nanobiomaterials are discussed in the battle against H. pylori infection. Afterward, engineered delivery platforms including polymer-coated nanoemulsions and polymer-coated nanoliposomes are poposed. These bioinspired platforms can contain an antimicrobial agent enclosed within smart multifunctional nanoformulations. These bioplatforms can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as specifically killing H. pylori with no or only slight negative effects on the host gastrointestinal microbiota. Finally, the essential checkpoints that should be passed to confirm the potential effectiveness of anti-H. pylori nanosystems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, 14144-6455, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
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4
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Pansari P, Durga G, Sharma R. Carbon nanoprobe derived from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower: Unveiling the surface defect-derived fluorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123119. [PMID: 37478708 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual Emissive (green and blue) Carbon dots (C-Dots) aka g-CD and b-CD were synthesized using flowers of Nyctanthes arbortristis as the sole precursor via hydrothermal method without the aid of any external passivating agent. In the present report, the effect of time and temperature on the hydrothermal reaction was evaluated in order to modulate the surface defects that could lead to dual emissions. To gauge the nature, size, morphology, and optoelectronic characteristics, the C-Dots were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence studies of both the Carbon Dots revealed their excitation-dependent emission characteristics with the bathochromic shift. Furthermore, both g-CD and b-CD could effectively be utilized as efficient fluorescent probes for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+. These fluorescent nanoprobes could selectively detect Fe3+ over a wide range of concentrations (3 µM to 100 µM) with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.06 µM and 0.70 µM respectively. These tuneable Carbon Dots having wider solubilities would open a new avenue as Nanosensors for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pansari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Geeta Durga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India.
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
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5
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Milkova V. Polysaccharide/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Film on Model Colloidal Particles-An Electro-Optical Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3766. [PMID: 37765620 PMCID: PMC10536957 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Negatively charged carbon dots (Cdots) were successfully impregnated into chitosan/alginate film formed on model colloidal particles as a result of the attractive interactions with the chitosan molecules. The electrical properties of the produced films were studied by electrokinetic spectroscopy. In this study, the electric light scattering method was applied for first the time for the investigation of suspensions of carbon-based structures. The electro-optical behavior for the suspension of polymer-coated particles showed that the electric polarizability of the particle-covered layer from alginate was significantly higher compared to that of the layer from chitosan due to the higher charge density of alginate. The presence of a low concentration of Cdots in the film results in partial charge screening. It was confirmed that the polarizability of counterions with lower mobility along the adsorbed polyion chains was responsible for the registered electro-optical effect from the suspension of polymer-coated particles and that the participation of diffuse H+ counterions of Cdots in the creation of the electro-optical effect was negligible. The observed oscillation behavior in the evolution of the film thickness was interpreted through the participation of compensatory effects due to the additional adsorption/desorption of polyelectrolyte complexes from the film surface. The concentration of Cdots in the film was determined, and the loaded amount was ca. 6.6 µg/mL per layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Milkova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry 'Acad. Rostislaw. Kaischew', 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Ma H, Tian Q. Application of nitrogen-doped carbon particles modified electrode for electrochemical determination of tetrazepam as muscle relaxant drug. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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7
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Jose J, Prakash P, Jeyaprabha B, Abraham R, Mathew RM, Zacharia ES, Thomas V, Thomas J. Principle, design, strategies, and future perspectives of heavy metal ion detection using carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors: a review. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Krishnapriya TK, Prasanth S, Deepti A, Baby Chakrapani PS, Asha AS, Jayaraj MK. Ultrafast detection of folic acid in nanomolar levels and cancer cell imaging using hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Kolanowska A, Dzido G, Krzywiecki M, Tomczyk MM, Łukowiec D, Ruczka S, Boncel S. Carbon Quantum Dots from Amino Acids Revisited: Survey of Renewable Precursors toward High Quantum-Yield Blue and Green Fluorescence. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41165-41176. [PMID: 36406556 PMCID: PMC9670729 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized via a green, one-step hydrothermal method. As CQD precursors, nine amino acids of different structural descriptors (negatively/positively charged in water, polar, hydrophobic, sulfur-containing, and other/complex ones) were surveyed: Asp, Cys, Gly, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Pro, and Ser. The reactions were performed in an autoclave in the presence of citric acid at 180 °C for 24 h and yielded core-shell CQDs. CQDs were comprehensively characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman, UV/Vis, infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. At the excitation wavelength of λex = 350 nm, Cys-, Phe-, Leu-, and Lys-based CQDs displayed the highest quantum yield blue fluorescence-90 ± 5, 90 ± 4, 87 ± 5, and 67 ± 3%, respectively-superior to the conventional fluorescent dyes. Strikingly, for Lys- and Phe-CQDs, dissimilar trends in the excitation-emission wavelength relationships were identified, that is, constantly strong red shifts versus excitation wavelength-independent emission. Cys- and Lys-CQDs were water-dispersible toward the narrow unimodal distribution of hydrodynamic diameters-0.6 and 2.5 nm, respectively. Additionally, Lys- and Cys-CQDs, with high absolute zeta potential values, formed stable aqueous colloids in a broad range of pH (2, 7, and 12). The results constitute important premises for water-based applications of CQDs, such as bioimaging or photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Silesian University of
Technology, Krzywosutego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dzido
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 7, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute
of Physics—CSE, Silesian University
of Technology, Konarskiego
22B, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Tomczyk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Łukowiec
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szymon Ruczka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Silesian University of
Technology, Krzywosutego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Silesian University of
Technology, Krzywosutego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
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10
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Lai S, Jin Y, Shi L, Zhou R, Li Y. Programmable Multifunctional Gels with On-Demand Patterning Capability toward Hierarchical and Multi-Dimensional Encryption and Anti-Counterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47113-47125. [PMID: 36203332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels capable of optical switching have recently become one of the most celebrated materials for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. However, challenges still remain for developing versatile gel-based platforms with on-demand multistage patterning and multi-dimensional encryption capacities as well as long-term stability. Herein, elaborately designed programmable and multifunctional gels with fascinating anti-swelling (swelling ratios < 0.1%), anti-freezing (below -70 °C), and anti-dehydration (over 3 months) abilities, solvent-induced reversible transparence variations, adjustable fluorescence, self-healing (86% in stress and 94% in strain), Fe3+-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA·2Na)-induced reversible shape memory, and fluorescence off/on switch capabilities are facilely fabricated based on glycidyl methacrylate functionalized graphene quantum dots and Al3+ cross-linked gelatin and polyacrylic acid. Employing a simple mask photopolymerization or welding technique, various patterns can be readily and hierarchically encrypted on-demand into a single gel label, which can be further fixed into complex multi-dimensional architectures while quenching fluorescence after the treatment with Fe3+ to achieve high-security-level information encryption originating from the synergistic effects of the above multifunctions. The encrypted multi-level information can only be stepwise decrypted by an authorized individual who has mastered all decryption keys. Therefore, the creative design strategy for programing multifunctional gels opens up the possibility for hierarchical and multi-dimensional information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangquan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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11
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Functionalized graphene quantum dots obtained from graphene foams used for highly selective detection of Hg2+ in real samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Sengar P, Chauhan K, Hirata GA. Progress on carbon dots and hydroxyapatite based biocompatible luminescent nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101482. [PMID: 35841822 PMCID: PMC9293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. This review discusses the development of CD and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer theranostics. The effect of synthesis strategies and doping on photoluminescent properties along with tuning of emission in biological window has been briefly reviewed. The cancer targeting strategies, biocompatibility and biodistribution of CDs and nHA based luminescent probes is discussed. A summary of current challenges and future perspectives is provided.
Despite the significant advancement in cancer diagnosis and therapy, a huge burden remains. Consequently, much research has been diverted on the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for improvement in conventional diagnosis and therapy. Luminescent nanomaterials offer a versatile platform for the development of such materials as their intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) property offers convergence of diagnosis as well as therapy at the same time. However, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces various challenges, including biocompatibility and cost-effective scale up production. Thus, luminescent materials with facile synthesis approach along with intrinsic biocompatibility and anticancerous activity hold significant importance. As a result, carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. CDs are the newest members of the carbonaceous nanomaterials family that possess intrinsic luminescent and therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for cancer theranostic. Additionally, nHA is an excellent bioactive material due to its compositional similarity to the human bone matrix. The nHA crystal can efficiently host rare-earth elements to attain luminescent property, which can further be implemented for cancer theranostic applications. Herein, the development of CDs and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer has been briefly discussed. The emphasis has been given to different synthesis strategies leading to different morphologies and tunable PL spectra, followed by their diverse applications as biocompatible theranostic agents. Finally, the review has been summarized with the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sengar
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Gustavo A Hirata
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México.
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13
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Podkolodnaya YA, Kokorina AA, Ponomaryova TS, Goryacheva OA, Drozd DD, Khitrov MS, Huang L, Yu Z, Tang D, Goryacheva IY. Luminescent Composite Carbon/SiO2 Structures: Synthesis and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060392. [PMID: 35735539 PMCID: PMC9221055 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have attracted great interest from the scientific community due to their photoluminescent properties, structural features, low toxicity, and a great variety of possible applications. Unfortunately, a few problems hinder their further development. These include the difficulties of separating a mixture of nanostructures after synthesis and the dependence of their properties on the environment and the aggregate state. The application of a silica matrix to obtain luminescent composite particles minimizes these problems and improves optical properties, reduces photoluminescence quenching, and leads to wider applications. We describe two methods for the formation of silica composites containing CNSs: inclusion of CNSs into silica particles and their grafting onto the silica surface. Moreover, we present approaches to the synthesis of multifunctional particles. They combine the unique properties of silica and fluorescent CNSs, as well as magnetic, photosensitizing, and luminescent properties via the combination of functional nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). Lastly, we discuss the advantages and challenges of these structures and their applications. The novelty of this review involves the detailed description of the approaches for the silica application as a matrix for the CNSs. This will support researchers in solving fundamental and applied problems of this type of carbon-based nanoobjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A. Podkolodnaya
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
| | - Alina A. Kokorina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(951)-8861027
| | - Tatiana S. Ponomaryova
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
| | - Olga A. Goryacheva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
| | - Daniil D. Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
| | - Mikhail S. Khitrov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
| | - Lingting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (L.H.); (Z.Y.); (D.T.)
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (L.H.); (Z.Y.); (D.T.)
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (L.H.); (Z.Y.); (D.T.)
| | - Irina Yu. Goryacheva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.A.P.); (T.S.P.); (O.A.G.); (D.D.D.); (M.S.K.); (I.Y.G.)
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14
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Ornelas-Hernández LF, Garduno-Robles A, Zepeda-Moreno A. A Brief Review of Carbon Dots-Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis and their Potential Use as Biosensing and Theragnostic Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:56. [PMID: 35661270 PMCID: PMC9167377 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm and have attracted attention due to their relatively low toxicity, great biocompatibility, water solubility, facile synthesis, and exceptional photoluminescence properties. Accordingly, CDs have been widely exploited in different sensing and biomedical applications, for example, metal sensing, catalysis, biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, and theragnostic applications. Similarly, the well-known properties of silica, such as facile surface functionalization, good biocompatibility, high surface area, and tunable pore volume, have allowed the loading of diverse inorganic and organic moieties and nanoparticles, creating complex hybrid nanostructures that exploit distinct properties (optical, magnetic, metallic, mesoporous, etc.) for sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, diagnosis, and gene and drug delivery. In this context, CDs have been successfully grafted into diverse silica nanostructures through various synthesis methods (e.g., solgel chemistry, inverse microemulsion, surfactant templating, and molecular imprinting technology (MIT)), imparting hybrid nanostructures with multimodal properties for distinct objectives. This review discusses the recently employed synthesis methods for CDs and silica nanoparticles and their typical applications. Then, we focus on combined synthesis techniques of CD-silica nanostructures and their promising biosensing operations. Finally, we overview the most recent potential applications of these materials as innovative smart hybrid nanocarriers and theragnostic agents for the nanomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Ornelas-Hernández
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Angeles Garduno-Robles
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Abraham Zepeda-Moreno
- Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Investigación Y Diagnóstico SA de CV, Hospital San Javier, Pablo Casals 640, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
- Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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15
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Xue Y, Liu C, Andrews G, Wang J, Ge Y. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35366117 PMCID: PMC8976173 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HL, UK
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproductive, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gavin Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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16
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Dhamodharan D, Byun HS, Varsha Shree M, Veeman D, Natrayan L, Stalin B. Carbon Nanodots: Synthesis, Mechanisms for Bio-electrical Applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Ma W, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zong S, Wang B, Li J. Make waste profitable: repurposing SAPO-34 coke from the methanol-to-olefin reaction for luminescent CDs@zeolite composites. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ecologically beneficial concept is offered to repurpose SAPO-34 coke from the methanol-to-olefin reaction into CDs@zeolite composites with multiple luminosities by a simple calcination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yida Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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18
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Bakirhan NK, Kaya SI, Jabbarov R, Gahramanova G, Abdullayeva S, Dedeoglu A, Ozkan CK, Savaser A, Ozkan Y, Ozkan SA. The Power of Carbon Nanotubes on Sensitive Drug Determination Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:374-383. [PMID: 34334078 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1958296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their inorganic conducting, semiconducting, and organic π-π stacking properties are becoming innovative materials. CNTs have an adjustable size, large surface area, and other significant chemical properties. Due to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, CNTs play an important role in various application fields. In the past decade, many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties have been intensively explored for pharmaceutical, biological, and biomedical applications. The functionalization of CNTs results in a remarkably reduced cytotoxicity and at the same time increased biocompatibility. The toxicity studies reveal that highly water-soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible, nontoxic, and potentially useful for biomedical applications. Ultrasensitive drug determination from its dosage form and/or biological samples with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface modification. The main purpose of this review is to present recent achievements on CNTs which are investigated in electrochemical and chromatographically sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul K Bakirhan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rasim Jabbarov
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Research and Development Center for High Technologies, Ministry of Transport, Communication and High Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Gulnaz Gahramanova
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Research and Development Center for High Technologies, Ministry of Transport, Communication and High Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Sevda Abdullayeva
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Research and Development Center for High Technologies, Ministry of Transport, Communication and High Technologies of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aylin Dedeoglu
- Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Transfer Office, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansel Kose Ozkan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Savaser
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Ozkan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Färkkilä SMA, Kiers ET, Jaaniso R, Mäeorg U, Leblanc RM, Treseder KK, Kang Z, Tedersoo L. Fluorescent nanoparticles as tools in ecology and physiology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2392-2424. [PMID: 34142416 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) have been widely used in chemistry and medicine for decades, but their employment in biology is relatively recent. Past reviews on FNPs have focused on chemical, physical or medical uses, making the extrapolation to biological applications difficult. In biology, FNPs have largely been used for biosensing and molecular tracking. However, concerns over toxicity in early types of FNPs, such as cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs), may have prevented wide adoption. Recent developments, especially in non-Cd-containing FNPs, have alleviated toxicity problems, facilitating the use of FNPs for addressing ecological, physiological and molecule-level processes in biological research. Standardised protocols from synthesis to application and interdisciplinary approaches are critical for establishing FNPs in the biologists' tool kit. Here, we present an introduction to FNPs, summarise their use in biological applications, and discuss technical issues such as data reliability and biocompatibility. We assess whether biological research can benefit from FNPs and suggest ways in which FNPs can be applied to answer questions in biology. We conclude that FNPs have a great potential for studying various biological processes, especially tracking, sensing and imaging in physiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni M A Färkkilä
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Raivo Jaaniso
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Uno Mäeorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, Cox Science Center, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 3106 Biological Sciences III, Mail Code: 2525, 92697, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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20
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Abramova AM, Goryacheva OA, Drozd DD, Novikova AS, Ponomareva TS, Strokin PD, Goryacheva IY. Luminescence Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Chemical Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Molecular nature of breakdown of the folic acid under hydrothermal treatment: a combined experimental and DFT study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19668. [PMID: 33184321 PMCID: PMC7661697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of experimental Raman, FTIR, UV–VIS absorption and emission data, together with the corresponding DFT calculations we propose the mechanism of modification of the folic acid specifically under the hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C. We established that folic acid breaks down into fragments while the pteridine moiety remains intact likely evolving into 6-formylpterin with the latter responsible for the increase in fluorescence emission at 450 nm. The results suggest that hydrothermal approach can be used for production of other purpose-engineered fluorophores.
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22
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Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are novel nanostructures with luminescent properties. The development of CNPs involves the elaboration of various synthetic methods, structure characterization, and different applications. However, the problems associated with the CNP structure definition and properties homogeneity are not solved and barely described in depth. In this feature article, we demonstrate the approaches for the effective separation and purification of CNPs by size and size/charge ratio. We propose a promising way for the synthesis of the uniform-size structures by the application of calcium carbonate porous microparticles as reactors with defined size. Additionally, the application of the CNPs agglomerates for controllable release systems triggered by light and in-situ synthesis of fluorescent conductive carbonaceous films on the base of polyelectrolyte multilayers are under consideration.
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23
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Jamaludin N, Tan TL, Zaman ASK, Sadrolhosseini AR, Rashid SA. Acid-Free Hydrothermal-Extraction and Molecular Structure of Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3356. [PMID: 32751070 PMCID: PMC7435678 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQD) have great potential to be used in various applications due to their unique electrical and optical properties. Herein, a facile, green and eco-friendly hydrothermal method for the preparation of carbon quantum dots was achieved using empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar as a renewable and abundant carbon source. In the current study, the role of the hydrothermal process was observed and studied by comparing the morphology and optical characteristics of CQD obtained from EFB biochar. Interestingly, based on the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) result, a considerably similar carbon quantum dots structure can be observed for the EFB biochar sample, showing the similar size and distribution of CQD. To further discuss the extraction of CQD from EFB biochar, a mechanism based on hydrothermal-induced extraction of CQD is proposed. The optimal structure of CQD deduced by density functional theory (DFT) in energy and dipole momentum was about 2057.4905 Hatree and 18.1699 Debye, respectively. This study presents a practical experimental approach in elucidating the molecular structure of photoluminescence CQD based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhanisah Jamaludin
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.J.); (A.S.K.Z.)
| | - Tong Ling Tan
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.J.); (A.S.K.Z.)
| | - Alif Syafiq Kamarol Zaman
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.J.); (A.S.K.Z.)
| | - Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
- Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.J.); (A.S.K.Z.)
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Issa MA, Abidin ZZ, Sobri S, Rashid SA, Mahdi MA, Ibrahim NA. Fluorescent recognition of Fe 3+ in acidic environment by enhanced-quantum yield N-doped carbon dots: optimization of variables using central composite design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11710. [PMID: 32678157 PMCID: PMC7366660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A versatile synthetic approach for development of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from carboxymethylcellulose in the presence of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) has been developed. According to single factor method, central composite design incorporated with response surface methodology matrix was applied to find and model optimal conditions for the temperature (220-260 °C), duration (1-3 h) and LPEI weight (0.5-1.5%). The statistical results show that duration was the most significant parameter for efficient carbonization conversion rate in comparison with temperature and LPEI weight. The reduced cubic model (R2 = 0.9993) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimal variables were temperature of 260 °C, duration of 2 h and LPEI weight of 1%. Under these conditions, quantum yield of up to 44% was obtained. The numerically optimized N-CDs have an average size of 3.4 nm with graphitic nature owing to the abundant amino species incorporated into the carbon core framework. The blue-green N-CDs possess emission dependent upon the solvent polarity, wide pH stability with enhanced emission in an acidic environment. Impressively, the N-CDs show long-shelf-life for up to 1 year with no noticeable precipitation. The N-CDs were able to recognize a high concentration of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit of 0.14 μM in acidic solution owing to the special coordination for Fe3+ to be captured by electron-donating oxygen/ amino groups around N-CDs. Moreover, the N-CDs can also be used as a new kind of fluorescent ink for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Z Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Department of Computer and Communications Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Ermakov AV, Kudryavtseva VL, Demina PA, Verkhovskii RA, Zhang J, Lengert EV, Sapelkin AV, Goryacheva IY, Sukhorukov GB. Site-specific release of reactive oxygen species from ordered arrays of microchambers based on polylactic acid and carbon nanodots. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7977-7986. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Illustration of the laser-assisted release of hydrophilic H2O2 cargo from free-standing ordered arrays of biopolymer-based microchambers in a highly controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Ermakov
- N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University
- Saratov 410012
- Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
- Moscow 119991
| | - Valeriya L. Kudryavtseva
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue
- Tomsk 634050
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrei V. Sapelkin
- N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University
- Saratov 410012
- Russia
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
| | | | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University
- Saratov 410012
- Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
- Moscow 119991
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26
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Ghiasi B, Mehdipour G, Safari N, Behboudi H, Hashemi M, Omidi M, Sefidbakht Y, Yadegari A, Hamblin MR. Theranostic applications of stimulus-responsive systems based on carbon dots. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019; 70:117-130. [PMID: 33967355 PMCID: PMC8101985 DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1695207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, many different nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have been developed. Recently the development of stimulus-responsive NDDSs has come into sharper focus. Carbon dots (CDs) possess outstanding features such as useful optical properties, good biocompatibility, and the ability for easy surface modification. Appropriate surface modification can allow these NDDSs to respond to various chemical or physical stimuli that are characteristic of their target cells or tissue (frequently malignant cells or tumors). The present review covers recent developments of CDs in NDDSs with a particular focus on internal stimulus response capability that allows simultaneous imaging and therapeutic delivery (theranostics). Relevant stimuli associated with tumor cells and tumors include pH levels, redox potential, and different enzymatic activities can be used to activate the CDs at the desired sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Ghiasi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mehdipour
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Safari
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohadeseh Hashemi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Meisam Omidi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Yadegari
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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27
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Kokorina AA, Bakal AA, Shpuntova DV, Kostritskiy AY, Beloglazova NV, De Saeger S, Sukhorukov GB, Sapelkin AV, Goryacheva IY. Gel electrophoresis separation and origins of light emission in fluorophores prepared from citric acid and ethylenediamine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14665. [PMID: 31605021 PMCID: PMC6789027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated light emission of hydrothermally treated citric acid and ethylenediamine (EDA) with various precursor ratios using gel-electrophoresis. We show that this relatively simple approach can deliver significant insights into the origins of photoluminescence. We found that products of the synthesis consist of both positively and negatively charged species and exhibit large dispersion in electrophoretic mobility (i.e. charge-to-size ratio). We observed that despite the large dispersion of the reaction products the blue light emission is confined to discrete bands clearly identifiable in the gel. We demonstrate clear evidence that this emission originates from the negatively charged light molecular fraction with the highest mobility which shows no excitation-dependent light emission. This molecular fluorophore exhibits spectral characteristics similar to previously reported 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-5-oxo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (IPCA). Secondary gel electrophoresis run performed on the bands extracted from the first run indicates that no further separation takes place. On the basis of our experimental results, we conclude that relatively stable binding exists between IPCA and EDA-derived product. Thus, the products of the reaction contain IPCA both in molecular form and in complexes with EDA-derived products. We conclude that excitation-dependent emission is related to the fluorophore binding to the positively charged EDA-derived products with a positive charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A Kokorina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Artem A Bakal
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Daria V Shpuntova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | - Natalia V Beloglazova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andrei V Sapelkin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Russo C, Apicella B, Ciajolo A. Blue and green luminescent carbon nanodots from controllable fuel-rich flame reactors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14566. [PMID: 31601923 PMCID: PMC6787054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous synthesis in controlled gas flame reactors is here demonstrated as a very effective approach for the direct and easy production of structurally reproducible carbon nanodots. In this work, the design of a simple deposition system, inserted into the reactor, is introduced. A controlled flame reactor is employed in the present investigation. The system was optimized for the production of carbon nanoparticles including fluorescent nanocarbons. Blue and green fluorescent carbon could be easily separated from the carbon nanoparticles by extraction with organic solvents and characterized by advanced chemical (size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry) and spectroscopic analysis. The blue fluorescent carbon comprised a mixture of molecular fluorophores and aromatic domains; the green fluorescent carbon was composed of aromatic domains (10–20 aromatic condensed rings), bonded and/or turbostratically stacked together. The green-fluorescent carbon nanodots produced in the flame reactor were insoluble in water but soluble in N-methylpyrrolidinone and showed excitation-independent luminescence. These results provide insights for a simple and controlled synthesis of carbon nanodots with specific and versatile features, which is a promising pathway for their use in quite different applicative sectors of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Russo
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Apicella
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Ciajolo
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
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Goryacheva O, Vostrikova A, Kokorina A, Mordovina E, Tsyupka D, Bakal A, Markin A, Shandilya R, Mishra P, Beloglazova N, Goryacheva I. Luminescent carbon nanostructures for microRNA detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Revisiting fluorescent carbon nanodots for environmental, biomedical applications and puzzle about fluorophore impurities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Gong X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang H, Cui X, Hu Q, Song S, Shuang S, Dong C. Controllable Fabrication, Photoluminescence Mechanism, and Novel Application of Green-Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Carbon-Based Nanodots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5060-5071. [PMID: 33455253 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanodots (CBNs), as spick-and-span carbon nanomaterials, have been widely studied and applied in numerous fields. However, the controlled fabrication and photoluminescence (PL) mechanism remains an incompletely understood and widely debated topic. Herein, green, yellow, and orange light-emitting CBNs were fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal process with 4-aminobenzoic acid and 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,2-diaminobenzene, and 1,4-diaminobenzene as precursors, respectively; the resulting CBNs were named gCBNs, yCBNs, and oCBNs, respectively. By adjusting the reaction conditions, including precursor, solvent, atmosphere, and dissolved solvent, the controllable fabrication of CBNs can be realized. We speculate that the PL of CBNs is dominated by the degrees of oxidation and amidation, which, together, cause the differences in the density of N-states and quantum size, ultimately manifesting as changes in three CBNs' fluorescence behaviors. Finally, the CBNs were used as agents to image four model cells, demonstrating that CBNs are potentially useful in biological labeling and multicolor bioimaging. More importantly, CBNs can be conjugated to the targeted micromolecule, DNA, RNA, and/or anticarcinogen groups to construct nanocomposite materials, which could be applied to identify target materials and/or execute the sustained release of drugs. We want to offer a guide for controllable fabrication of CBNs and further expanding the application depth and breadth in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Cui
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Song
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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32
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Song YH, Agrawal NK, Griffin JM, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:38-59. [PMID: 30582938 PMCID: PMC6959132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complicated condition with no cure available. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibitory glial scar formation. Due to the limitations posed by the blood-spinal cord barrier, systemic delivery of therapeutics is challenging. Recent development of various nanoscale strategies provides exciting and promising new means of treating SCI by crossing the blood-spinal cord barrier and delivering therapeutics. As such, we discuss different nanomaterial fabrication methods and provide an overview of recent studies where nanomaterials were developed to modulate inflammatory signals, target inhibitory factors in the lesion, and promote axonal regeneration after SCI. We also review emerging areas of research such as optogenetics, immunotherapy and CRISPR-mediated genome editing where nanomaterials can provide synergistic effects in developing novel SCI therapy regimens, as well as current efforts and barriers to clinical translation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Griffin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Panwar N, Soehartono AM, Chan KK, Zeng S, Xu G, Qu J, Coquet P, Yong KT, Chen X. Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9559-9656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Panwar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alana Mauluidy Soehartono
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Philippe Coquet
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520—Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Zhang J, Liu X, Zhou J, Huang X, Xie D, Ni J, Ni C. Carbon dots derived from algae as H 2O 2 sensors: the importance of nutrients in biomass. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2151-2156. [PMID: 36131981 PMCID: PMC9419849 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots produced hydrothermally from algae were used directly for H2O2 sensing. The mineral nutrients in biomass were found be important for the composition, crystallinity, dispersion and photoluminescence (PL) quenching of the carbon dots under reactive oxygen species, which catalysed the oxidation of passivating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Deti Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Jiupai Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
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35
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Current advances of carbon dots based biosensors for tumor marker detection, cancer cells analysis and bioimaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Anwar S, Ding H, Xu M, Hu X, Li Z, Wang J, Liu L, Jiang L, Wang D, Dong C, Yan M, Wang Q, Bi H. Recent Advances in Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Biomedical Applications of Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2317-2338. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Anwar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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Cadranel A, Margraf JT, Strauss V, Clark T, Guldi DM. Carbon Nanodots for Charge-Transfer Processes. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:955-963. [PMID: 30882201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon nanodots (CNDs) have emerged as an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and inexpensive class of material, whose features sparked interest for a wide range of applications. Most notable is their photoactivity, as exemplified by their strong luminescence. Consequently, CNDs are currently being investigated as active components in photocatalysis, sensing, and optoelectronics. Charge-transfer interactions are common to all these areas. It is therefore essential to be able to fine-tune both the electronic structure of CNDs and the electronic communication in CND-based functional materials. The complex, but not completely deciphered, structure of CNDs necessitates, however, a multifaceted strategy to investigate their fundamental electronic structure and to establish structure-property relationships. Such investigations require a combination of spectroscopic methods, such as ultrafast transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion techniques, electrochemistry, and modeling of CNDs, both in the absence and presence of other photoactive materials. Only a sound understanding of the dynamics of charge transfer, charge shift, charge transport, etc., with and without light makes much-needed improvements in, for example, photocatalytic processes, in which CNDs are used as either photosensitizers or catalytic centers, possible. This Account addresses the structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of CNDs, in general, and the charge-transfer chemistry of CNDs, in particular. Pressure-synthesized CNDs (pCNDs), for which citric acid and urea are used as inexpensive and biobased precursor materials, lie at the center of attention. A simple microwave-assisted thermolytic reaction, performed in sealed vessels, yields pCNDs with a fairly homogeneous size distribution of ∼1-2 nm. The narrow and excitation-independent photoluminescence of pCNDs contrasts with that seen in CNDs synthesized by other techniques, making pCNDs optimal for in-depth physicochemical analyses. The atomistic and electronic structures of CNDs were also analyzed by quantum chemical modeling approaches that led to a range of possible structures, ranging from heavily functionalized, graphene-like structures to disordered amorphous particles containing small sp2 domains. Both the electron-accepting and -donating performances of CNDs make the charge-transfer chemistry of CNDs rather versatile. Both covalent and noncovalent synthetic approaches have been explored, resulting in architectures of various sizes. CNDs, for example, have been combined with molecular materials ranging from electron-donating porphyrins and extended tetrathiafulvalenes to electron-accepting perylendiimides, or nanocarbon materials such as polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes. In every case, charge-separated states formed as part of the reaction cascades initiated by photoexcitation. Charge-transfer assemblies including CNDs have also played a role in technological applications: for example, a proof-of-concept dye-sensitized solar cell was designed and tested, in which CNDs were adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous anatase TiO2. The wide range of reported electron-donor-acceptor systems documents the versatility of CNDs as molecular building blocks, whose electronic properties are tunable for the needs of emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cadranel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Swift TA, Oliver TAA, Galan MC, Whitney HM. Functional nanomaterials to augment photosynthesis: evidence and considerations for their responsible use in agricultural applications. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180048. [PMID: 30603068 PMCID: PMC6304006 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At the current population growth rate, we will soon be unable to meet increasing food demands. As a consequence of this potential problem, considerable efforts have been made to enhance crop productivity by breeding, genetics and improving agricultural practices. While these techniques have traditionally been successful, their efficacy since the 'green revolution' has begun to significantly plateau. This stagnation of gains combined with the negative effects of climate change on crop yields has prompted researchers to develop novel and radical methods to increase crop productivity. Recent work has begun exploring the use of nanomaterials as synthetic probes to augment how plants use light. Photosynthesis in crops is often limited by their ability to absorb and exploit solar energy for photochemistry. The capacity to interact with and optimize how plants use light has the potential to increase the productivity of crops and enable the tailoring of crops for different environments and to compensate for predicted climate changes. Advances in the synthesis and surface modification of nanomaterials have overcome previous drawbacks and renewed their potential use as synthetic probes to enhance crop yields. Here, we review the current applications of functional nanomaterials in plants and will make an argument for the continued development of promising new nanomaterials and future applications in agriculture. This will highlight that functional nanomaterials have the clear potential to provide a much-needed route to enhanced future food security. In addition, we will discuss the often-ignored current evidence of nanoparticles present in the environment as well as inform and encourage caution on the regulation of nanomaterials in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Swift
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Thomas A. A. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Heather M. Whitney
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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40
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Budyka MF. Semiempirical study on the absorption spectra of the coronene-like molecular models of graphene quantum dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:1-5. [PMID: 30195180 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the general formula C6n2H6n (coronene family) were used as molecular models of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Absorption spectra of the model compounds were calculated by ZINDO/S method. The S0 → S1 transition energy (E1) was found to decrease with n as E1 = 4.75 × n-0.633 eV. This transition is forbidden in symmetric compounds but 'switches on' upon symmetry breaking. The energy of the first bright optical peak (Ebr) was found to decrease with n as Ebr = 6.31 × n-0.6 eV. The data obtained corroborate the earlier finding that the size-independent optical properties of GQDs are determined by relatively small isolated sp2 clusters separated by sp3 (oxygen-contained) 'defects' rather than the whole (corrupted) graphene sheets; such nanoparticles actually are not quantum dots. GQDs of pure (without defects) graphene sheets with fully π-conjugated sp2 systems should exhibit size-dependent optical properties due to the quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Budyka
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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41
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Wang B, Tan H, Zhang T, Duan W, Zhu Y. Hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped carbon dots from an ethanolamine–ionic liquid gel to construct label-free multifunctional fluorescent probes for Hg2+, Cu2+ and S2O32−. Analyst 2019; 144:3013-3022. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Doped carbon dots were synthesized and used to construct multifunctional fluorescent probes for Hg2+, Cu2+ and S2O32−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- P. R. China
| | - Tailiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- P. R. China
| | - Wenmeng Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- P. R. China
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Vostrikova AM, Kokorina AA, Demina PA, German SV, Novoselova MV, Tarakina NV, Sukhorukov GB, Goryacheva IY. Fabrication and photoluminescent properties of Tb 3+ doped carbon nanodots. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16301. [PMID: 30390023 PMCID: PMC6214974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) doped with Tb ions were synthesized using different synthetic routes: hydrothermal treatment of a solution containing carbon source (sodium dextran sulfate) and TbCl3; mixing of CNDs and TbCl3 solutions; freezing-induced loading of Tb and carbon-containing source into pores of CaCO3 microparticles followed by hydrothermal treatment. Binding of Tb ions to CNDs (Tb-CND coupling) was confirmed using size-exclusion chromatography and manifested itself through a decrease of the Tb photoluminescence lifetime signal. The shortest Tb photoluminescence lifetime was observed for samples obtained by hydrothermal synthesis of CaCO3 microparticles where Tb and carbon source were loaded into pores via the freezing-induced process. The same system displays an increase of Tb photoluminescence via energy transfer with excitation at 320-340 nm. Based on the obtained results, freezing-induced loading of cations into CNDs using porous CaCO3 microparticles as reactors is proposed to be a versatile route for the introduction of active components into CNDs. The obtained CNDs with long-lived emission may be used for time-resolved imaging and visualization in living biological samples where time-resolved and long-lived luminescence microscopy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Vostrikova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Alina A Kokorina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Polina A Demina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Sergei V German
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Novoselova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Irina Y Goryacheva
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
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Xiao P, Ke Y, Lu J, Huang Z, Zhu X, Wei B, Huang L. Photoluminescence immunoassay based on grapefruit peel-extracted carbon quantum dots encapsulated into silica nanospheres for p53 protein. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Water-soluble, lignin-derived carbon dots with high fluorescent emissions and their applications in bioimaging. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Tang D, Lin Y, Zhou Q. Carbon dots prepared from Litchi chinensis and modified with manganese dioxide nanosheets for use in a competitive fluorometric immunoassay for aflatoxin B1. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:476. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Swift TA, Duchi M, Hill SA, Benito-Alifonso D, Harniman RL, Sheikh S, Davis SA, Seddon AM, Whitney HM, Galan MC, Oliver TAA. Surface functionalisation significantly changes the physical and electronic properties of carbon nano-dots. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13908-13912. [PMID: 29999508 PMCID: PMC6067106 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule functionalisation of carbon nano-dots (CDs) greatly enhances their biocompatibility and applicability, however, little is known about their molecular structure. Using an arsenal of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, we provide new insights into the physical and electronic structure of uncoated and glycan-functionalised CDs. Our studies reveal that surface functionalisation does not always result in a homogenous corona surrounding the core, and the choice of carbohydrate significantly affects the electronic structure of the surface CD states. Further, the average surface coverage of an ensemble of CDs can be probed via transient absorption spectroscopy. These findings have implications for CDs targeted at interactions with biological systems or local sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Swift
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. and School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Marta Duchi
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Stephen A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | | | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Sadiyah Sheikh
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Annela M Seddon
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK and School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Heather M Whitney
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Thomas A A Oliver
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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Pidenko SA, Burmistrova NA, Shuvalov AA, Chibrova AA, Skibina YS, Goryacheva IY. Microstructured optical fiber-based luminescent biosensing: Is there any light at the end of the tunnel? - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Vostrikova AV, Prikhozhdenko ES, Mayorova OA, Goryacheva IY, Tarakina NV, Sukhorukov GB, Sapelkin AV. Thermal carbonization in nanoscale reactors: controlled formation of carbon nanodots inside porous CaCO 3 microparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9394. [PMID: 29925932 PMCID: PMC6010419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of carbon nanodots (CNDs) in confined geometry via incorporation of dextran sulphate into pores of CaCO3 microparticles is demonstrated. The preparation process included three steps: co-precipitation of solutions of inorganic salts and carbon source, thermal treatment and CaCO3 matrix removal. We show that geometric constraints can be used to precisely control the amount of source material and to avoid formation of large carbon particles. Analysis of TEM data shows particle size of ~3.7 nm with narrow size distribution. Furthermore, we found that variation in pore morphology has a clear effect on CNDs structure and optical properties. CNDs with graphene oxide like structure were obtained in the nanoporous outer shell layer of CaCO3 microparticles, while less ordered CNDs with the evidence of complex disordered carbons were extracted from the inner microcavity. These results suggest that confined volume synthesis route in CaCO3 nanopores can be used to precisely control the structure and optical properties of CNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Vostrikova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | - Oksana A Mayorova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andrei V Sapelkin
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Knoblauch R, Bui B, Raza A, Geddes CD. Heavy carbon nanodots: a new phosphorescent carbon nanostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15518-15527. [PMID: 29808871 PMCID: PMC6013832 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are nanometer sized fluorescent particles studied for their distinct photoluminescent properties and biocompatibility. Although extensive literature reports the modification and application of carbon nanodot fluorescence, little has been published pertaining to phosphorescence emission from carbon nanodots. The use of phosphors in biological imaging can lead to clearer detection, as the long lifetimes of phosphorescent emission permit off-gated collection that avoids noise from biological autofluorescence. Carbon nanodots present a desirable scaffold for this application, with advantageous qualities ranging from photostability to multi-color emission. This research reports the generation of a novel phosphorescent "heavy carbon" nanodot via halogenation of the carbon nanodot structure. By employing a collection pathway that effectively incorporates bromine into the nanostructure, T1 triplet character is introduced, and subsequently phosphorescence is observed in liquid media at room temperature for the first time in the nanodot literature. Further experiments are reported characterizing the conditions of observed phosphorescence and its pH-dependence. Our approach for producing "heavy carbon nanodots" is a low-cost and relatively simple method for generating the phosphorescent nanodots, which sets the foundation for its potential future use as a phosphorescent probe in application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Knoblauch
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
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Tabaraki R, Sadeghinejad N. Microwave assisted synthesis of doped carbon dots and their application as green and simple turn off-on fluorescent sensor for mercury (II) and iodide in environmental samples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:101-106. [PMID: 29425840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel, green, facile and dual turn-off/on sensor for detection of Hg2+ and I- was developed based on carbon dots. Carbon dots were synthesized from citric acid, urea, and thiourea by microwave-assisted method. The size of the carbon dots (CDs) was about 10 nm and the synthesized CDs showed a strong emission at 523 nm upon excitation at 416 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield was 19.2%. Mercury (II) quenched the fluorescence of carbon dots. This turn off sensor had linear response for Hg2+ over a concentration range from 0.1 to 20 µM with detection limit as low as 62 nM. The carbon dots/Hg2+ system was also used as a turn on sensor for detection of iodide. Linear concentration range for I- was 0.1-10 µM with detection limit as low as 72 nM. The proposed method showed good sensitivity and selectivity with respect to interference ions. Finally, this system was successfully used for the detection of Hg2+ and I- in tap, river and mineral waters and fish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
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