1
|
Shepherd HM, Gauthier JM, Terada Y, Li W, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Updated Views on Neutrophil Responses in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2022; 106:2314-2324. [PMID: 35749228 PMCID: PMC9712152 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable event during organ transplantation and represents a primary risk factor for the development of early graft dysfunction in lung, heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients. Recent studies have implicated recipient neutrophils as key mediators of this process and also have found that early innate immune responses after transplantation can ultimately augment adaptive alloimmunity and affect late graft outcomes. Here, we discuss signaling pathways involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation after ischemia-mediated graft injury in solid organ transplantation with an emphasis on lung allografts, which have been the focus of recent studies. These findings suggest novel therapeutic interventions that target ischemia-reperfusion injury-mediated graft dysfunction in transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M. Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Radiomic analysis of liver grafts from brain-dead donors can predict early allograft dysfunction following transplantation: a proof-of-concept study. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:1527-1534. [PMID: 35382981 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection of liver grafts suitable for transplantation (LT) mainly depends on a surgeon's subjective assessment. This study aimed to investigate the role of radiomic analysis of donor-liver CTs after brain death (DBD) to predict the occurrence of early posttransplant allograft dysfunction (EAD). METHODS We retrospectively extracted and analyzed the left lobe radiomic features from CT scans of DBD livers in training and validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of EAD. RESULTS From 126 LTs included in the study in the training cohort, 27 (21.4%) had an EAD. For each patient, 279 radiomic features were extracted of which 5 were associated with EAD (AUC = 0.81) (95% CI 0.72-0.89). Among donor and recipient clinical characteristics, cardiac arrest, steatosis on donor's CT, cold ischemic time and age of recipient were also identified as independent risk factors for EAD. Combined radiomic signature and clinical risk factors showed a strong predictive performance for EAD with a C-index of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.96). A validation cohort of 23 patients confirmed these results. CONCLUSION Radiomic signatures extracted from donor CT scan, independently or combined with clinical risk factors is an objective and accurate biomarker for prediction of EAD after LT.
Collapse
|
3
|
Saner FH, Hoyer DP, Hartmann M, Nowak KM, Bezinover D. The Edge of Unknown: Postoperative Critical Care in Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144036. [PMID: 35887797 PMCID: PMC9322367 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative care of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is very complex. Metabolic derangements, hypothermia, coagulopathy and thromboses, severe infections, and graft dysfunction can affect outcomes. In this manuscript, we discuss several perioperative problems that can be encountered in LT recipients. The authors present the most up-to-date information regarding predicting and treating hemodynamic instability, coagulation monitoring and management, postoperative ventilation strategies and early extubation, management of infections, and ESLD-related pulmonary complications. In addition, early post-transplant allograft dysfunction will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuat H. Saner
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Medical Center University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.H.); (K.M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +49-201-723-1145
| | - Dieter P. Hoyer
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Medical Center University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.H.); (K.M.N.)
| | - Matthias Hartmann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Medical Center University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Knut M. Nowak
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Medical Center University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.P.H.); (K.M.N.)
| | - Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi J, Zhou Z, Li Q, Chen G, He Z, Ma Y, Luo X, Si Z, Li J. Risk Factors of Early Allograft Dysfunction in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure After Deceased Donor Liver Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:668-673. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
5
|
Narayan RR, Abadilla N, Yang L, Chen SB, Klinkachorn M, Eddington HS, Trickey AW, Higgins JP, Melcher ML. Artificial intelligence for prediction of donor liver allograft steatosis and early post-transplantation graft failure. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:764-771. [PMID: 34815187 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor livers undergo subjective pathologist review of steatosis before transplantation to mitigate the risk for early allograft dysfunction (EAD). We developed an objective, computer vision artificial intelligence (CVAI) platform to score donor liver steatosis and compared its capability for predicting EAD against pathologist steatosis scores. METHODS Two pathologists scored digitized donor liver biopsy slides from 2014 to 2019. We trained four CVAI platforms with 1:99 training:prediction split. Mean intersection-over-union (IU) characterized CVAI model accuracy. We defined EAD using liver function tests within 1 week of transplantation. We calculated separate EAD logistic regression models with CVAI and pathologist steatosis and compared the models' discrimination and internal calibration. RESULTS From 90 liver biopsies, 25,494 images trained CVAI models yielding peak mean IU = 0.80. CVAI steatosis scores were lower than pathologist scores (median 3% vs 20%, P < 0.001). Among 41 transplanted grafts, 46% developed EAD. The median CVAI steatosis score was higher for those with EAD (2.9% vs 1.9%, P = 0.02). CVAI steatosis was independently associated with EAD after adjusting for donor age, donor diabetes, and MELD score (aOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.03-1.75, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The CVAI steatosis EAD model demonstrated slightly better calibration than pathologist steatosis, meriting further investigation into which modality most accurately and reliably predicts post-transplantation outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja R Narayan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Abadilla
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linfeng Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simon B Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mac Klinkachorn
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyrum S Eddington
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amber W Trickey
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John P Higgins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc L Melcher
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Wang T, Luo T, He S, Huang C, Jia Z, Zhan L, Wang D, Zhu X, Guo Z, He X. Prediction of Graft Survival Post-liver Transplantation by L-GrAFT Risk Score Model, EASE Score, MEAF Scoring, and EAD. Front Surg 2021; 8:753056. [PMID: 34869560 PMCID: PMC8641658 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.753056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is correlated with poor patient or graft survival in liver transplantation. However, the power of distinct definitions of EAD in prediction of graft survival is unclear. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study reviewed data of 677 recipients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant between July 2015 and June 2020. The following EAD definitions were compared: liver graft assessment following transplantation (L-GrAFT) risk score model, early allograft failure simplified estimation score (EASE), model for early allograft function (MEAF) scoring, and Olthoff criteria. Risk factors for L-GrAFT7 high risk group were evaluated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: L-GrAFT7 had a satisfied C-statistic of 0.87 in predicting a 3-month graft survival which significantly outperformed MEAF (C-statistic = 0.78, P = 0.01) and EAD (C-statistic = 0.75, P < 0.001), respectively. L-GrAFT10, EASE was similar to L-GrAFT7, and they had no statistical significance in predicting survival. Laboratory model for end-stage liver disease score and cold ischemia time are risk factors of L-GrAFT7 high-risk group. Conclusion: L-GrAFT7 risk score is capable for better predicting the 3-month graft survival than the MEAF and EAD in a Chinese cohort, which might standardize assessment of early graft function and serve as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tielong Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujiao He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Jia
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Zhan
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wadei HM, Keaveny AP, Taner CB, Yang L, Mai ML, Hodge DO, White LJ, Mao SA, Jarmi T, Croome KP. Post-Liver Transplant Early Allograft Dysfunction Modifies the Effect of Pre-Liver Transplant Renal Dysfunction on Post-Liver Transplant Survival. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:1291-1301. [PMID: 33687745 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pre-liver transplantation (LT) renal dysfunction is associated with poor post-LT survival. We studied whether early allograft dysfunction (EAD) modifies this association. Data on 2,856 primary LT recipients who received a transplant between 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who died within the first post-LT week or received multiorgan transplants and previous LT recipients were excluded. EAD was defined as (1) total bilirubin ≥ 10 mg/dL on postoperative day (POD) 7, (2) international normalized ratio ≥1.6 on POD 7, and/or (3) alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥2000 IU/mL in the first postoperative week. Pre-LT renal dysfunction was defined as serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL or on renal replacement therapy at LT. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to pre-LT renal dysfunction and post-LT EAD development. Recipients who had both pre-LT renal dysfunction and post-LT EAD had the worst unadjusted 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year post-LT patient and graft survival, whereas patients who had neither renal dysfunction nor EAD had the best survival (P < 0.001). After adjusting for multiple factors, the risk of death was significantly higher only in those with both pre-LT renal dysfunction and post-LT EAD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-3.03; P < 0.001), whereas those with renal dysfunction and no EAD had a comparable risk of death to those with normal kidney function at LT (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.86-1.45; P = 0.41). Results remained unchanged when pre-LT renal dysfunction was redefined using different glomerular filtration rate cutoffs. Pre-LT renal dysfunction negatively impacts post-LT survival only in patients who develop EAD. Livers at higher risk of post-LT EAD should be used with caution in recipients with pre-LT renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani M Wadei
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Andrew P Keaveny
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - C Burcin Taner
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Martin L Mai
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David O Hodge
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Launia J White
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Shennen A Mao
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Tambi Jarmi
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boeken T, Lucidarme O, Mbarki E, Scatton O, Savier E, Wagner M. Association of shear-wave elastography with clinical outcomes post-liver transplantation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101554. [PMID: 33172788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) assessment of liver stiffness has the advantage of being obtained during conventional ultrasound. Liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE for grafted livers are unknown, as are their potential link to post-transplantation morbidity. This study was undertaken to determine liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE for grafted livers without complications, and examine relationships between liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE and early post-operative arterial or biliary complications. METHODS In our facility, all liver-transplant recipients are entered in a comprehensive surgical database, where donor, procedure and recipient characteristics are described. All patients underwent systematic 2D-SWE assessment. Potential relationships were analyzed between liver-stiffness findings and donor, procedure and recipient characteristics, and follow-up events, including death, arterial or biliary complications, graft removal and allograft-dysfunction scores. RESULTS Liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE of 337 ultrasound examinations from 165 liver-transplant recipients were collected retrospectively. Median time from transplantation to 2D-SWE examination was 149 days, with median follow-up at 36 months. The mean±SD stiffness value for grafts without complications was 7.3±2.3kPa; it was significantly higher during the first 90 days (8.2±2.5kPa) post-transplant than after 1year (7.0±2.4kPa) (P=0.01). Patients with biliary complications during the first-year post-transplantation had significantly higher mean liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE than those without, respectively: 9.8±7.0 vs 7.5±1.8kPa (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Post-transplantation patients without complications had stiffer livers than the general population, with higher values during the first 90 days after surgery. Liver-stiffness values on 2D-SWE were significantly higher for patients with biliary, but not arterial, complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boeken
- Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne - Paris Cité, France; Radiologie Polyvalente et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Olivier Lucidarme
- Radiologie Polyvalente et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Service de Radiologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Mbarki
- Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne - Paris Cité, France; Radiologie Polyvalente et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Chirurgie Digestive et Hépato-BIlio-Pancréatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 blvd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Service de chirurgie digestive hépato-bilio-pancréatique transplantation hépatique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, CHU Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Eric Savier
- Chirurgie Digestive et Hépato-BIlio-Pancréatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 blvd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Service de chirurgie digestive hépato-bilio-pancréatique transplantation hépatique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, CHU Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Wagner
- Radiologie Polyvalente et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Service de Radiologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lugon Ferreira-Jr AC, Miguel GPS, Moscon I, Abreu IW, Aguiar JBDEOS, Vecci TRDS. Comparison of results on the use of extended criteria liver doners for transplants in Espírito Santo. Rev Col Bras Cir 2021; 48:e20202492. [PMID: 33978120 PMCID: PMC10683471 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20202492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION liver Transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for several terminal liver diseases. Despite the increase in performed transplants, the waiting lists continue to increase. In order to expand the supply of organs, transplantation teams have started to use previously rejected livers for transplants because of an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the use of livers of expanded criterion donators. METHODS retrospective study of medical records. The livers were classified as normal or expanded criteria. The groups were divided in low and high MELD. A multivariate analysis was performed through logistic regression. RESULTS there was no statistical difference regarding early, late and global mortality between the groups. Decreased survival was observed in patients with high MELD (higher or equal to 20) when they received grafts from expanded criterion donators. The association between the occurrence of cardiorespiratory arrest and presence of elevated total bilirubin in donators was associated with higher mortality rates in expanded criterion livers. CONCLUSION the overall results are similar, but expanded criteria liver donators was associated with higher mortality in patients with high MELD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel
- - Meridional Hospital, Transplant Center - Cariacica - ES - Brasil
- - Federal University of Espírito Santo, Surgycal Clinic - Vitória - ES - Brasil
| | - Iara Moscon
- - Federal University of Espírito Santo, Surgycal Clinic - Vitória - ES - Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Steatotic Livers Are More Susceptible to Ischemia Reperfusion Damage after Transplantation and Show Increased γδ T Cell Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042036. [PMID: 33670793 PMCID: PMC7922678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LTx) is often the only possible therapy for many end-stage liver diseases, but successful long-term transplant outcomes are limited by multiple factors, including ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). This situation is aggravated by a shortage of transplantable organs, thus encouraging the use of inferior quality organs. Here, we have investigated early hepatic IRI in a retrospective, exploratory, monocentric case-control study considering organ marginality. We analyzed standard LTx biopsies from 46 patients taken at the end of cold organ preparation and two hours after reperfusion, and we showed that early IRI was present after two hours in 63% of cases. Looking at our data in general, in accordance with Eurotransplant criteria, a marginal transplant was allocated at our institution in about 54% of cases. We found that patients with a marginal-organ LTx showing evidence of IRI had a significantly worse one-year survival rate (51% vs. 75%). As we saw in our study cohort, the marginality of these livers was almost entirely due to steatosis. In contrast, survival rates in patients receiving a non-marginal transplant were not influenced by the presence or absence of IRI. Poorer outcomes in marginal organs prompted us to examine pre- and post-reperfusion biopsies, and it was revealed that transplants with IRI demonstrated significantly greater T cell infiltration. Molecular analyses showed that higher mRNA expression levels of CXCL-1, CD3 and TCRγ locus genes were found in IRI livers. We therefore conclude that the marginality of an organ, namely steatosis, exacerbates early IRI by enhancing effector immune cell infiltration. Preemptive strategies targeting immune pathways could increase the safety of using marginal organs for LTx.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hudcova J, Qasmi ST, Ruthazer R, Waqas A, Haider SB, Schumann R. Early Allograft Dysfunction Following Liver Transplant: Impact of Obesity, Diabetes, and Red Blood Cell Transfusion. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:119-123. [PMID: 32690312 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the role of obesity and intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusion in early allograft dysfunction (EAD) following liver transplantation (LT). METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 239 adult deceased-donor LT recipients over a 10-year period. EAD was defined by Olthoff's criteria. Data collection included donor (D) and recipient (R) age, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, allograft macrosteatosis, and intraoperative (RBC) and platelet administration. We employed logistic regression to evaluate associations of these factors with EAD. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with corresponding P values. A P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS EAD occurred in 85 recipients (36%). Macrosteatosis data were available for 199 donors. In the multivariate analyses, BMI-D ≥ 35 kg/m2 increased the odds of developing EAD by 156% in the entire cohort (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.09-6.01) and by 187% in recipients with macrosteatosis data (n = 199, OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.15-7.15). Each unit of RBCs increased the odds for EAD by 8% (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) and, for the subgroup of 238 recipients with macrosteatosis data, by 9% (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16). CONCLUSION We found a significant independent association of donor obesity and intraoperative RBC transfusion with EAD but no such association for platelet administration, MELD score, age, recipient obesity, and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hudcova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States; Departments of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Syed Talha Qasmi
- Department of Medicine, HCA Houston Health Care Kingwood, Kingwood, Texas, United States
| | - Robin Ruthazer
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design Center, CTSI, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ahsan Waqas
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Syed Basit Haider
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Roman Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Satapathy SK, Gonzalez HC, Vanatta J, Dyer A, Angel W, Nouer SS, Kocak M, Kedia SK, Jiang Y, Clark I, Yadak N, Nezakagtoo N, Helmick R, Horton P, Campos L, Agbim U, Maliakkal B, Maluf D, Nair S, Halford HH, Eason JD. A pilot study of ex-vivo MRI-PDFF of donor livers for assessment of steatosis and predicting early graft dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232006. [PMID: 32407331 PMCID: PMC7224456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The utility of ex vivo Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) in donor liver fat quantification is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility in predicting early allograft dysfunction (EAD) of ex vivo MRI-PDFF measurement of fat in deceased donor livers using histology as the gold standard. Methods We performed Ex vivo, 1.5 Tesla MRI-PDFF on 33 human deceased donor livers before implantation, enroute to the operating room. After the exclusion of 4 images (technical errors), 29 MRI images were evaluable. Histology was evaluable in 27 of 29 patients. EAD was defined as a peak value of aminotransferase >2000 IU/mL during the first week or an INR of ≥1.6 or bilirubin ≥10 mg/dL at day 7. Results MRI-PDFF values showed a strong positive correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) when histology (macro-steatosis) was included (r = 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.57‐0.89, p<0.0001). The correlation appeared much stronger when macro plus micro-steatosis were included (r = 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.72‐0.94, p<0.0001). EAD was noted in 7(25%) subjects. AUC (Area Under the Curve) for macro steatosis (histology) predicted EAD in 73% (95% CI: 48–99), micro plus macro steatosis in 76% (95% CI: 49–100). AUC for PDFF values predicted EAD in 67(35–98). Comparison of the ROC curves in a multivariate model revealed, adding MRI PDFF values to macro steatosis increased the ability of the model in predicting EAD (AUC: 79%, 95% CI: 59–99), and addition of macro plus micro steatosis based on histology predicted EAD even better (AUC: 90%: 79–100, P = 0.054). Conclusion In this pilot study, MRI-PDFF imaging showed potential utility in quantifying hepatic steatosis ex-vivo donor liver evaluation and the ability to predict EAD related to severe allograft steatosis in the recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases, Northwell Health/ North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Humberto C. Gonzalez
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Wayne State University School of Medicine/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Jason Vanatta
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Center for Abdominal Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew Dyer
- Department of Radiology, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Wesley Angel
- Department of Radiology, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Simonne S. Nouer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Satish K. Kedia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Ian Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Nosratollah Nezakagtoo
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Ryan Helmick
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Peter Horton
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Luis Campos
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Uchenna Agbim
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Benedict Maliakkal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Daniel Maluf
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Hollis H. Halford
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - James D. Eason
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 is Associated With Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:302-311. [PMID: 31360022 PMCID: PMC6637071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Soluble CD163 (sCD163), a macrophage activation marker, is upregulated in conditions of macrophage proliferation and activation. Elevated sCD163 levels have been associated with liver disease severity and progression. During liver transplantation, the implanted liver is exposed to ischaemia and reperfusion injury, resulting in an acute inflammatory response and macrophage activation. The relationship between sCD163 levels during liver transplantation and the development of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) has not been investigated. METHODS We included 27 cirrhosis patients (age 55 [range 32-72] years, 23 men) on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis were the most frequent causes for cirrhosis. Patients were characterised by standard biochemical analysis and based on clinical disease severity scores. Information about donor, graft and course of the liver transplantation was recorded. sCD163 levels were measured at the time of liver transplantation before surgery, 2 h after reperfusion, and then at 24 h after transplantation. RESULTS We observed above-normal sCD163 levels at baseline (5.9 mg/L [4.7-8.8]). Two hours after reperfusion, sCD163 levels increased significantly from baseline (8.4 mg/L [7.4-10.9]; P < 0.01). Twenty-four hours after transplantation, sCD163 levels were significantly reduced compared with baseline (3.7 mg/L [2.9-5.5]; P < 0.01). However, in patients with EAD (n = 16), sCD163 levels were increased compared with patients without EAD (4.1 [3.2-7.4] vs. 3.1 [2.8-3.8] mg/L; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We observed elevated sCD163 levels in patients with EAD after liver transplantation, confirming macrophage activation to play a role in EAD. Thus, sCD163 may be used as an early marker for EAD after liver transplantation, but larger studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALK, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- CIT, cold ischaemic time
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DBD, deceased brain death
- DCD, deceased cardiac death
- EAD, Early allograft dysfunction
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Hb, haemoglobin
- I/R, ischaemia/reperfusion
- IL, interleukin
- INR, international normalised ratio
- IQR, interquartile range
- MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF-κB, nuclear factor- κB
- PT, prothrombin time
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
- WBC, white blood cell
- WIT, warm ischaemic time
- graft dysfunction
- liver transplantation
- macrophages
- sCD163
- sCD163, soluble CD163
Collapse
|
14
|
Chae MS, Kim Y, Lee N, Chung HS, Park CS, Lee J, Choi JH, Hong S. Graft Regeneration and Functional Recovery in Patients with Early Allograft Dysfunction After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation. Ann Transplant 2018; 23:481-490. [PMID: 30013021 PMCID: PMC6248034 DOI: 10.12659/aot.909112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful graft regeneration is important in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) because partial liver grafts are used. Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is an intermediate outcome that affects the long-term postoperative course in liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to investigate liver graft regeneration under EAD development in LDLT. Material/Methods The data of 226 patients who underwent LDLT from September 2010 to July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into 2 groups: one with and one without EAD. Graft regeneration, functional recovery, and long-term patient survival were compared between the 2 groups. Results The grafts grew more vigorously in the EAD group than in the non-EAD group, as evidenced by the larger absolute (ALV) and relative liver volumes (RLV) of the former on postoperative days (POD) 7 and 21. The median (interquartile range) RLVs of the non-EAD group versus the EAD group were as follows: 55.2 (47.9–65.8) vs. 53.7 (46.6–64.5)% preoperatively, p>0.05; 76.1 (66.9–85.7) vs. 86.7 (73.9–96.8)% on POD 7, p<0.01; 79.6 (69.3–91.2) vs. 93.7 (79.6–101.6)%, p<0.01 on POD 21. In the early postoperative period, hepatic function, measured as total bilirubin and international normalized ratio, was higher in the EAD group; however, after EAD development, graft function recovered in these patients. In the follow-up period, overall patient survival was comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions The liver grafts of EAD patients steadily regenerated, such that the development of EAD did not affect long-term patient survival after LDLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Suk Chae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngchan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nuri Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Antegrade Arterial and Portal Flushing Versus Portal Flushing Only for Right Lobe Live Donor Liver Transplantation—A Randomized Control Trial. Transplantation 2018; 102:e155-e162. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
16
|
Hudcova J, Scopa C, Rashid J, Waqas A, Ruthazer R, Schumann R. Effect of early allograft dysfunction on outcomes following liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2018; 31. [PMID: 28004856 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) following liver transplantation (LT) remains a challenge for patients and clinicians. We retrospectively analyzed the effect of pre-defined EAD on outcomes in a 10-year cohort of deceased-donor LT recipients with clearly defined exclusion criteria. EAD was defined by at least one of the following: AST or ALT >2000 IU/L within first-week post-LT, total bilirubin ≥10 mg/dL, and/or INR ≥1.6 on post-operative day 7. Ten patients developed primary graft failure and were analyzed separately. EAD occurred in 86 (36%) recipients in a final cohort of 239 patients. In univariate and multivariate analyses, EAD was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation ≥2 days or death on days 0, 1, PACU/SICU stay >2 days or death on days 0-2 and renal failure (RF) at time of hospital discharge (all P<.05). EAD was also significantly associated with higher one-year graft loss in both uni- and multivariate Cox hazard analyses (P=.0203 and .0248, respectively). There was no difference in patient mortality between groups in either of the Cox proportional hazard models. In conclusion, we observed significant effects of EAD on short-term post-LT outcomes and lower graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hudcova
- Department of Surgical Critical Care, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Scopa
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, Burlington, MA, USA
| | | | - Ahsan Waqas
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Robin Ruthazer
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Center at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yunhua T, Weiqiang J, Maogen C, Sai Y, Zhiheng Z, Dongping W, Zhiyong G, Xiaoshun H. The combination of indocyanine green clearance test and model for end-stage liver disease score predicts early graft outcome after liver transplantation. J Clin Monit Comput 2017; 32:471-479. [PMID: 28831767 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-017-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and early postoperative complications are two important clinical endpoints when evaluating clinical outcomes of liver transplantation (LT). We developed and validated two ICGR15-MELD models in 87 liver transplant recipients for predicting EAD and early postoperative complications after LT by incorporating the quantitative liver function tests (ICGR15) into the MELD score. Eighty seven consecutive patients who underwent LT were collected and divided into a training cohort (n = 61) and an internal validation cohort (n = 26). For predicting EAD after LT, the area under curve (AUC) for ICGR15-MELD score was 0.876, with a sensitivity of 92.0% and a specificity of 75.0%, which is better than MELD score or ICGR15 alone. The recipients with a ICGR15-MELD score ≥0.243 have a higher incidence of EAD than those with a ICGR15-MELD score <0.243 (P <0.001). For predicting early postoperative complications, the AUC of ICGR15-MELD score was 0.832, with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 71.0%. Those recipients with an ICGR15-MELD score ≥0.098 have a higher incidence of early postoperative complications than those with an ICGR15-MELD score <0.098 (P < 0.001). Finally, application of the two ICGR15-MELD models in the validation cohort still gave good accuracy (AUC, 0.835 and 0.826, respectively) in predicting EAD and early postoperative complications after LT. The combination of quantitative liver function tests (ICGR15) and the preoperative MELD score is a reliable and effective predictor of EAD and early postoperative complications after LT, which is better than MELD score or ICGR15 alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Yunhua
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Weiqiang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Maogen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Sai
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Skin Diseases and STI Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhiheng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Dongping
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Zhiyong
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - He Xiaoshun
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ge M, Chen H, Zhu Q, Cai J, Chen C, Yuan D, Jin Y, Yao W, Hei Z. Propofol post-conditioning alleviates hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury via BRG1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 transcriptional activation in human and mice. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3693-3704. [PMID: 28749008 PMCID: PMC5706583 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of propofol post-conditioning (PPC) on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the potential mechanisms that might be involved in the interaction of Brahma-related gene1(BRG1) and Nuclear-related factor 2(Nrf2). Patients were randomized into PPC(n = 16) and non-PPC(NPC)( n = 21) groups. Propofol(2 mg/kg) was infused within 10 min. of the onset of liver reperfusion during liver transplantation in the PPC group. Liver function tests, as well as Brg1, Nrf2, Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase1(NQO1) expression levels were evaluated. CMV-Brg1 mice were designed to investigate the role of Brg1 overexpression during HIRI. Brg1 and Nrf2 siRNA were used to examine the relationship between Brg1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in propofol-mediated effects in a human hepatocyte(L02) hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model. In patients, PPC attenuated both donor liver pathological and function injury, and reducing oxidative stress markers, compared to the NPC group, 24 hrs after surgery. PPC increased liver Brg1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression. In mice, PPC reduced HIRI by decreasing liver oxidative stress and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, accompanied by up-regulation of BRG1 expression. BRG1 overexpression activated Nrf2/HO-1 transcription in CMV-BRG1 mice during HIRI. In vitro, PPC significantly elevated expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, resulting in a reduction of cell DCFH-DA and 8-isoprostane levels and decreased lactate dehydrogenase levels, leading to an overall increase in cell viability. Moreover, the protective effects of propofol were partially abrogated in Nrf2-knock-down or BRG1-knock-down hepatocytes. Nrf2-knock-down drastically reduced protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1, while Brg1-knock-down decreased HO-1 expression. Propofol post-conditioning alleviates HIRI through BRG1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 transcriptional activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee DD, Croome KP, Shalev JA, Musto KR, Sharma M, Keaveny AP, Taner CB. Early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation: an intermediate outcome measure for targeted improvements. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15:53-60. [PMID: 26626641 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1184212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term early allograft dysfunction (EAD) identifies liver transplant (LT) allografts with initial poor function and portends poor allograft and patient survival. Aims of this study are to use EAD as an intermediate outcome measure in a large single center cohort and identify donor, recipient and peri-operative risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 1950 consecutive primary LT, donor, recipient and peri-operative data were collected. EAD was defined by the presence of one or more of the following: total bilirubin ≥ 10 mg/dL (171 μmol/L) or, INR ≥ 1.6 on day 7, and ALT/AST > 2,000 IU/L within the first 7 days. RESULTS The incidence of EAD was 26.5%. 1-, 3-, and 5-year allograft and patient survival for patients who developed EAD were significantly inferior to those who did not (P < 0.01 at all time points). Multivariate analysis demonstrated associations in the development of EAD with recipient pre-operative ventilator status, donation after cardiac death allografts, donor age, allograft size, degree of steatosis, operative time and intra-operative transfusion requirements (all P < 0.01). Patients with EAD had a significantly longer hospitalization at 20.9 ± 38.9 days (median: 9; range: 4-446) compared with 10.7 ± 13.5 days (median: 7; range: 3-231) in patients with no EAD (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest single center experience demonstrating incidence of EAD and identifying factors associated with development of EAD. EAD is a useful intermediate outcome measure for allograft and patient survival. Balancing recipient pretransplant conditions, donor risk factors and intra-operative conditions are necessary for avoiding EAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Lee
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - Kristopher P Croome
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - Jefree A Shalev
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Musto
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - Andrew P Keaveny
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| | - C Burcin Taner
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant. Mayo Clinic Florida. USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wadei HM, Lee DD, Croome KP, Mai ML, Golan E, Brotman R, Keaveny AP, Taner CB. Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation Is Associated With Short- and Long-Term Kidney Function Impairment. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:850-9. [PMID: 26663518 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation (LT) is related to ischemia-reperfusion injury and may lead to a systemic inflammatory response and extrahepatic organ dysfunction. We evaluated the effect of EAD on new-onset acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy within the first month and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within the first year post-LT in 1325 primary LT recipients. EAD developed in 358 (27%) of recipients. Seventy-one (5.6%) recipients developed AKI and 38 (2.9%) developed ESRD. Compared with those without EAD, recipients with EAD had a higher risk of AKI and ESRD (4% vs. 9% and 2% vs. 6%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent relationship between EAD and AKI as well as ESRD (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.9-6.4, and odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 11.9-91.2, respectively). Patients who experienced both EAD and AKI had inferior 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year patient and graft survival compared with those with either EAD or AKI alone, while those who had neither AKI nor EAD had the best outcomes (p < 0.001). Post-LT EAD is a risk factor for both AKI and ESRD and should be considered a target for future intervention to reduce post-LT short- and long-term renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Wadei
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - D D Lee
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - K P Croome
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - M L Mai
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - E Golan
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - R Brotman
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - A P Keaveny
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - C B Taner
- Mayo Clinic Collaborative in Transplant Research and Outcomes, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Metabolomics discloses donor liver biomarkers associated with early allograft dysfunction. J Hepatol 2014; 61:564-74. [PMID: 24798621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) dramatically influences graft and patient outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation and its incidence is strongly determined by donor liver quality. Nevertheless, objective biomarkers, which can assess graft quality and anticipate organ function, are still lacking. This study aims to investigate whether there is a preoperative donor liver metabolomic biosignature associated with EAD. METHODS A comprehensive metabolomic profiling of 124 donor liver biopsies collected before transplantation was performed by mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography. Donor liver grafts were classified into two groups: showing EAD and immediate graft function (IGF). Multivariate data analysis was used to search for the relationship between the metabolomic profiles present in donor livers before transplantation and their function in recipients. RESULTS A set of liver graft dysfunction-associated biomarkers was identified. Key changes include significantly increased levels of bile acids, lysophospholipids, phospholipids, sphingomyelins and histidine metabolism products, all suggestive of disrupted lipid homeostasis and altered histidine pathway. Based on these biomarkers, a predictive EAD model was built and further evaluated by assessing 24 independent donor livers, yielding 91% sensitivity and 82% specificity. The model was also successfully challenged by evaluating donor livers showing primary non-function (n=4). CONCLUSIONS A metabolomic biosignature that accurately differentiates donor livers, which later showed EAD or IGF, has been deciphered. The remarkable metabolomic differences between donor livers before transplant can relate to their different quality. The proposed metabolomic approach may become a clinical tool for donor liver quality assessment and for anticipating graft function before transplant.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao CC, Chen TY, Tsang LC, Ou SY, Yu CY, Hsu HW, Cheng YF, Chiu KW, Eng HL, Chen CL, Huang TL. The acoustic radiation force impulse elastography evaluation of liver fibrosis in posttransplantation dysfunction of living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:876-9. [PMID: 24767370 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI) is a new technology of elastography integrated into B-mode ultrasonography. It has been a reliable method to evaluate liver fibrosis of chronic liver disease in recent years, but less applied in the posttransplantation liver. The aim of the study was to evaluate liver fibrosis by the ARFI with correlation of pathological stages in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS From August 2010 to August 2012, there were 57 LDLT patients with liver biopsy (LB) due to posttransplantation dysfunction; all patients also received posttransplantation ARFI liver stiffness measurement (LSM) after transplantation for liver fibrosis staging. The ARFI elastography was performed using a Siemens Acuson S2000 ultrasound system with 4V1 transducers (Acusion, Siemens Medical Systems Co. Ltd. Erlangen, Germany). The ARFI LSM value was presented by shear wave velocity (SWV, m/s). The fibrosis staging as F0 to F4 was in accordance with the Metavir scoring system. RESULTS A total of 57 patients had both posttransplantation LB and effective ARFI fibrosis staging for correlation. The ARFI LSM value increased with severity of liver fibrosis and had significant linear correlation with the results of histological fibrosis staging. The ARFI LSM sensitivities (Se), specificities (Sp), and cutoff values based on receiver-operator characteristic curve were F0: 0.75 m/s (Se: 93.8%, Sp: 4%), F1: 1.06 m/s (Se: 95.5%, Sp: 25.7%), F2: 1.81 m/s (Se: 50%, Sp: 83.6%) and F3: 2.33 m/s (Se: 100%, Sp: 92.9%). Predictive value of ARFI LSM reported a significant difference between early fibrosis stage (F0-F1) and advanced fibrosis stage (F ≧ 2) (P < .05). CONCLUSION In this study, ARFI demonstrated a strong linear correlation and severity of liver fibrosis with LB pathologic staging. ARFI can be an alternative and compensatory method for frequent LB in the posttransplantation liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Liao
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T Y Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L C Tsang
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Y Ou
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Yu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H W Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y F Cheng
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K W Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H L Eng
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C L Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T L Huang
- Liver Transplantation Program, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chemokines in chronic liver allograft dysfunction pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:325318. [PMID: 24382971 PMCID: PMC3870628 DOI: 10.1155/2013/325318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in immunosuppressive drugs, long-term success of liver transplantation is still limited by the development of chronic liver allograft dysfunction. Although the exact pathogenesis of chronic liver allograft dysfunction remains to be established, there is strong evidence that chemokines are involved in organ damage induced by inflammatory and immune responses after liver surgery. Chemokines are a group of low-molecular-weight molecules whose function includes angiogenesis, haematopoiesis, mitogenesis, organ fibrogenesis, tumour growth and metastasis, and participating in the development of the immune system and in inflammatory and immune responses. The purpose of this review is to collect all the research that has been done so far concerning chemokines and the pathogenesis of chronic liver allograft dysfunction and helpfully, to pave the way for designing therapeutic strategies and pharmaceutical agents to ameliorate chronic allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation.
Collapse
|