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Gao B, Ruiz D, Case H, Jinkerson RE, Sun Q. Engineering bacterial warriors: harnessing microbes to modulate animal physiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103113. [PMID: 38564969 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A central goal of synthetic biology is the reprogramming of living systems for predetermined biological functions. While many engineering efforts have been made in living systems, these innovations have been mainly employed with microorganisms or cell lines. The engineering of multicellular organisms including animals remains challenging owing to the complexity of these systems. In this context, microbes, with their intricate impact on animals, have opened new opportunities. Through the utilization of the symbiotic relationships between microbes and animals, researchers have effectively manipulated animals in various ways using engineered microbes. This focused approach has demonstrated its significance in scientific exploration and engineering with model animals, coral preservation and restoration, and advancements in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizhen Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States
| | - Daniela Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States; Program of Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States
| | - Hayden Case
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States
| | - Robert E Jinkerson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States; Program of Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, United States.
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2
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Liu J, Li B, Li L, Ming X, Xu ZP. Advances in Nanomaterials for Immunotherapeutic Improvement of Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403024. [PMID: 38773882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Immuno-stimulative effect of chemotherapy (ISECT) is recognized as a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapies, however, the clinical application is constrained by its inefficiency. Metronomic chemotherapy, though designed to overcome these limitations, offers inconsistent results, with effectiveness varying based on cancer types, stages, and patient-specific factors. In parallel, a wealth of preclinical nanomaterials holds considerable promise for ISECT improvement by modulating the cancer-immunity cycle. In the area of biomedical nanomaterials, current literature reviews mainly concentrate on a specific category of nanomaterials and nanotechnological perspectives, while two essential issues are still lacking, i.e., a comprehensive analysis addressing the causes for ISECT inefficiency and a thorough summary elaborating the nanomaterials for ISECT improvement. This review thus aims to fill these gaps and catalyze further development in this field. For the first time, this review comprehensively discusses the causes of ISECT inefficiency. It then meticulously categorizes six types of nanomaterials for improving ISECT. Subsequently, practical strategies are further proposed for addressing inefficient ISECT, along with a detailed discussion on exemplary nanomedicines. Finally, this review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives for improving chemo-immunotherapy by innovations in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
- GoodMedX Tech Limited Company, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Ming
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, and Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518107, China
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3
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Tieu MV, Pham DT, Cho S. Bacteria-based cancer therapy: Looking forward. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189112. [PMID: 38761983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of bacteria-based cancer therapy, which focuses on the key role played by the prevalence of bacteria, specifically in tumors, in controlling potential targets for cancer therapy, has grown enormously over the past few decades. In this review, we discuss, for the first time, the global cancer situation and the timeline for using bacteria in cancer therapy. We also explore how interdisciplinary collaboration has contributed to the evolution of bacteria-based cancer therapies. Additionally, we address the challenges that need to be overcome for bacteria-based cancer therapy to be accepted in clinical trials and the latest advancements in the field. The groundbreaking technologies developed through bacteria-based cancer therapy have opened up new therapeutic strategies for a wide range of therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Van Tieu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Trung Pham
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Hu L, Yang K. Engineered bacteria in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216817. [PMID: 38492769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
As the limitations of cancer immunotherapy become increasingly apparent, there is considerable anticipation regarding the utilization of biological tools to enhance treatment efficacy, particularly bacteria and their derivatives. Leveraging advances in genetic and synthetic biology technologies, engineered bacteria now play important roles far beyond those of conventional immunoregulatory agents, and they could function as tumor-targeting vehicles and in situ pharmaceutical factories. In recent years, these engineered bacteria play a role in almost every aspect of immunotherapy. It is nothing short of impressive to keep seeing different strain of bacteria modified in diverse ways for unique immunological enhancement. In this review, we have scrutinized the intricate interplay between the immune system and these engineered bacteria. These interactions generate strategies that can directly or indirectly optimize immunotherapy and even modulate the effects of combination therapies. Collectively, these engineered bacteria present a promising novel therapeutic strategy that promises to change the current landscape of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yinrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chonghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang W, Ding L, Ji C, Li P, Chen T, Feng L, Tang BZ, Huang X. Synergistic Brilliance: Engineered Bacteria and Nanomedicine Unite in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313953. [PMID: 38400833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Engineered bacteria are widely used in cancer treatment because live facultative/obligate anaerobes can selectively proliferate at tumor sites and reach hypoxic regions, thereby causing nutritional competition, enhancing immune responses, and producing anticancer microbial agents in situ to suppress tumor growth. Despite the unique advantages of bacteria-based cancer biotherapy, the insufficient treatment efficiency limits its application in the complete ablation of malignant tumors. The combination of nanomedicine and engineered bacteria has attracted increasing attention owing to their striking synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Engineered bacteria that function as natural vehicles can effectively deliver nanomedicines to tumor sites. Moreover, bacteria provide an opportunity to enhance nanomedicines by modulating the TME and producing substrates to support nanomedicine-mediated anticancer reactions. Nanomedicine exhibits excellent optical, magnetic, acoustic, and catalytic properties, and plays an important role in promoting bacteria-mediated biotherapies. The synergistic anticancer effects of engineered bacteria and nanomedicines in cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized in this review. Attention is paid not only to the fabrication of nanobiohybrid composites, but also to the interpromotion mechanism between engineered bacteria and nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Additionally, recent advances in engineered bacteria-synergized multimodal cancer therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Qianying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Chenlin Ji
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330036, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
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Broto A, Piñero-Lambea C, Segura-Morales C, Tio-Gillen AP, Unger WWJ, Burgos R, Mazzolini R, Miravet-Verde S, Jacobs BC, Casas J, Huizinga R, Lluch-Senar M, Serrano L. Engineering Mycoplasma pneumoniae to bypass the association with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Microbes Infect 2024:105342. [PMID: 38679229 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A non-pathogenic Mycoplasma pneumoniae-based chassis is leading the development of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for respiratory diseases. However, reports connecting Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases to prior M. pneumoniae infections represent a concern for exploiting such a chassis. Galactolipids, especially galactocerebroside (GalCer), are considered the most likely M. pneumoniae antigens triggering autoimmune responses associated with GBS development. In this work, we generated different strains lacking genes involved in galactolipids biosynthesis. Glycolipid profiling of the strains demonstrated that some mutants show a complete lack of galactolipids. Cross-reactivity assays with sera from GBS patients with prior M. pneumoniae infection showed that certain engineered strains exhibit reduced antibody recognition. However, correlation analyses of these results with the glycolipid profile of the engineered strains suggest that other factors different from GalCer contribute to sera recognition, including total ceramide levels, dihexosylceramide (DHCer), and diglycosyldiacylglycerol (DGDAG). Finally, we discuss the best candidate strains as potential GBS-free Mycoplasma chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Broto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Piñero-Lambea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Pulmobiotics Ltd, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine "Vicent Villar Palasi" (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Segura-Morales
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne P Tio-Gillen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Burgos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocco Mazzolini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Pulmobiotics Ltd, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Samuel Miravet-Verde
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth Huizinga
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Lluch-Senar
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Pulmobiotics Ltd, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine "Vicent Villar Palasi" (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08002, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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7
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Liu D, Yu L, Rong H, Liu L, Yin J. Engineering Microorganisms for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304649. [PMID: 38598792 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy presents a promising approach to fight against cancer by utilizing the immune system. Recently, engineered microorganisms have emerged as a potential strategy in cancer immunotherapy. These microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, can be designed and modified using synthetic biology and genetic engineering techniques to target cancer cells and modulate the immune system. This review delves into various microorganism-based therapies for cancer immunotherapy, encompassing strategies for enhancing efficacy while ensuring safety and ethical considerations. The development of these therapies holds immense potential in offering innovative personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lichao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haibo Rong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lubin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 120 Longshan Road, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Han H, Zhang Y, Tang H, Zhou T, Khan A. A Review of the Use of Native and Engineered Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3896. [PMID: 38612706 PMCID: PMC11011422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health concern, and researchers have been investigating different strategies to prevent, treat, or support conventional therapies for CRC. This review article comprehensively covers CRC therapy involving wild-type bacteria, including probiotics and oncolytic bacteria as well as genetically modified bacteria. Given the close relationship between CRC and the gut microbiota, it is crucial to compile and present a comprehensive overview of bacterial therapies used in the context of colorectal cancer. It is evident that the use of native and engineered probiotics for colorectal cancer therapy necessitates research focused on enhancing the therapeutic properties of probiotic strains.. Genetically engineered probiotics might be designed to produce particular molecules or to target cancer cells more effectively and cure CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Haibo Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (H.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (H.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Aman Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Mirkhani N, Christiansen MG, Gwisai T, Menghini S, Schuerle S. Spatially selective delivery of living magnetic microrobots through torque-focusing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2160. [PMID: 38461256 PMCID: PMC10924878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotating magnetic fields enable biomedical microrobots to overcome physiological barriers and promote extravasation and accumulation in tumors. Nevertheless, targeting deeply situated tumors requires suppression of off-target actuation in healthy tissue. Here, we investigate a control strategy for applying spatially selective torque density to microrobots by combining rotating fields with magnetostatic selection fields. Taking magnetotactic bacteria as diffuse torque-based actuators, we numerically model off-target torque suppression, indicating the feasibility of centimeter to millimeter resolution for human applications. We study focal torque application in vitro, observing off-target suppression of actuation-dependent effects such as colonization of bacteria in tumor spheroids. We then design and construct a mouse-scale torque-focusing apparatus capable of maneuvering the focal point. Applying this system to a mouse tumor model increased accumulation of intravenously injected bacteria within tumors receiving focused actuation compared to non-actuated or globally actuated groups. This control scheme combines the advantages of torque-based actuation with spatial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mirkhani
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tinotenda Gwisai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Menghini
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yu L, Liu Z, Xu W, Jin K, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Towards overcoming obstacles of type II photodynamic therapy: Endogenous production of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1111-1131. [PMID: 38486983 PMCID: PMC10935104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) approaches face challenges including limited light penetration, low uptake of photosensitizers by tumors, and lack of oxygen in tumor microenvironments. One promising solution is to internally generate light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. This can be accomplished through endogenous production, such as using bioluminescence as an endogenous light source, synthesizing genetically encodable photosensitizers in situ, and modifying cells genetically to express catalase enzymes. Furthermore, these strategies have been reinforced by the recent rapid advancements in synthetic biology. In this review, we summarize and discuss the approaches to overcome PDT obstacles by means of endogenous production of excitation light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. We envision that as synthetic biology advances, genetically engineered cells could act as precise and targeted "living factories" to produce PDT components, leading to enhanced performance of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ngo HTT, Nguyen DH, You SH, Van Nguyen K, Kim SY, Hong Y, Min JJ. Reprogramming a Doxycycline-Inducible Gene Switch System for Bacteria-Mediated Cancer Therapy. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:148-161. [PMID: 38017353 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium is a potential biotherapeutic antitumor agent because it can colonize tumors and inhibit their growth. The present study aimed to develop a doxycycline (Doxy)-inducible gene switch system in attenuated S. typhimurium and assess its therapeutic efficacy in various tumor-bearing mice models. PROCEDURES A Doxy-inducible gene switch system comprising two plasmids was engineered to trigger the expression of cargo genes (Rluc8 and clyA). Attenuated S. typhimurium carrying Rluc8 were injected intravenously into BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, and bioluminescence images were captured at specified intervals post-administration of doxycycline. The tumor-suppressive effects of bacteria carrying clyA were evaluated in BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors and in C57BL/6 mice bearing MC38 tumors. RESULTS Expression of the fimE gene, induced only in the presence of Doxy, triggered a unidirectional switch of the POXB20 promoter to induce expression of the cargo genes. The switch event was maintained over a long period of bacterial culture. After intravenous injection of transformed Salmonella into mice bearing CT26 tumors, the bacteria transformed with the Doxy-inducible gene switch system for Rluc8 targeted only tumor tissues and expressed the payloads 2 days after Doxy treatment. Notably, bacteria carrying the Doxy-inducible gene switch system for clyA effectively suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival, even after just one Doxy induction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that attenuated S. typhimurium carrying this novel gene switch system elicited significant therapeutic effects through a single induction triggering and were a potential biotherapeutic agent for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi-Thu Ngo
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University, No 1, Ton That Tung St., Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Huy Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan You
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Khuynh Van Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zalatan JG, Petrini L, Geiger R. Engineering bacteria for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103061. [PMID: 38219524 PMCID: PMC10922846 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial therapeutics have emerged as promising delivery systems to target tumors. These engineered live therapeutics can be harnessed to modulate the tumor microenvironment or to deliver and selectively release therapeutic payloads to tumors. A major challenge is to deliver bacteria systemically without causing widespread inflammation, which is critical for the many tumors that are not accessible to direct intratumoral injection. We describe potential strategies to address this challenge, along with approaches for specific payload delivery and biocontainment to ensure safety. These strategies will pave the way for the development of cost-effective, widely applicable next-generation cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse G Zalatan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Lorenzo Petrini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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13
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Zhou T, Wu J, Tang H, Liu D, Jeon BH, Jin W, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Khan A, Han H, Li X. Enhancing tumor-specific recognition of programmable synthetic bacterial consortium for precision therapy of colorectal cancer. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38245564 PMCID: PMC10799920 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics hold promise as a potential therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but encounter obstacles related to tumor specificity, drug penetration, and dosage adjustability. In this study, genetic circuits based on the E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) chassis were developed to sense indicators of tumor microenvironment and control the expression of therapeutic payloads. Integration of XOR gate amplify gene switch into EcN biosensors resulted in a 1.8-2.3-fold increase in signal output, as confirmed by mathematical model fitting. Co-culturing programmable EcNs with CRC cells demonstrated a significant reduction in cellular viability ranging from 30% to 50%. This approach was further validated in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model, revealing 47%-52% inhibition of tumor growth upon administration of therapeutic strains. Additionally, in a mouse tumorigenesis model induced by AOM and DSS, the use of synthetic bacterial consortium (SynCon) equipped with multiple sensing modules led to approximately 1.2-fold increased colon length and 2.4-fold decreased polyp count. Gut microbiota analysis suggested that SynCon maintained the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Lactobacillaceae NK4A136, whereas reducing the level of gut inflammation-related bacteria Bacteroides. Taken together, engineered EcNs confer the advantage of specific recognition of CRC, while SynCon serves to augment the synergistic effect of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibo Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weilin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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14
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Babamohamadi M, Mohammadi N, Faryadi E, Haddadi M, Merati A, Ghobadinezhad F, Amirian R, Izadi Z, Hadjati J. Anti-CTLA-4 nanobody as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 38191571 PMCID: PMC10774412 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases and causes of death worldwide. Since common treatment approaches do not yield acceptable results in many patients, developing innovative strategies for effective treatment is necessary. Immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches that has been highly regarded for preventing tumor recurrence and new metastases. Meanwhile, inhibiting immune checkpoints is one of the most attractive methods of cancer immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential immune molecule that plays a vital role in cell cycle modulation, regulation of T cell proliferation, and cytokine production. This molecule is classically expressed by stimulated T cells. Inhibition of overexpression of immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 receptors has been confirmed as an effective strategy. In cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint-blocking drugs can be enhanced with nanobodies that target immune checkpoint molecules. Nanobodies are derived from the variable domain of heavy antibody chains. These small protein fragments have evolved entirely without a light chain and can be used as a powerful tool in imaging and treating diseases with their unique structure. They have a low molecular weight, which makes them smaller than conventional antibodies while still being able to bind to specific antigens. In addition to low molecular weight, specific binding to targets, resistance to temperature, pH, and enzymes, high ability to penetrate tumor tissues, and low toxicity make nanobodies an ideal approach to overcome the disadvantages of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In this article, while reviewing the cellular and molecular functions of CTLA-4, the structure and mechanisms of nanobodies' activity, and their delivery methods, we will explain the advantages and challenges of using nanobodies, emphasizing immunotherapy treatments based on anti-CTLA-4 nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehregan Babamohamadi
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nastaran Mohammadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Haddadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Merati
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Ma PQ, Huang FW, Xie YQ, Li HR, Li HD, Ye BC, Yin BC. Universal DNA-Based Sensing Toolbox for Programming Cell Functions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28224-28232. [PMID: 38108623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
By recombining natural cell signaling systems and further reprogramming cell functions, use of genetically engineered cells and bacteria as therapies is an innovative emerging concept. However, the inherent properties and structures of the natural signal sensing and response pathways constrain further development. We present a universal DNA-based sensing toolbox on the cell surface to endow new signal sensing abilities for cells, control cell states, and reprogram multiple cell functions. The sensing toolbox contains a triangular-prismatic-shaped DNA origami framework and a sensing core anchored inside the internal confined space to enhance the specificity and efficacy of the toolbox. As a proof of principle, the sensing toolbox uses the customizable sensing core with signal sensing switches and converters to recognize unconventional signal inputs, deliver functional components to cells, and then control cell responses, including specific tumor cell death, immune cell disinhibition and adhesion, and bacterial expression. This work expands the diversity of cell sensing signals and reprograms biological functions by constructing nanomechanical-natural hybrid cells, providing new strategies for engineering cells and bacteria in diagnosis and treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Ma
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fu-Wen Huang
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ya-Qi Xie
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong-Rui Li
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hua-Dong Li
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Bin-Cheng Yin
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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16
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Yeh YH, Kelly VW, Pour RR, Sirk SJ. A molecular toolkit for heterologous protein secretion across Bacteroides species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571725. [PMID: 38168418 PMCID: PMC10760143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteroides species are abundant and prevalent stably colonizing members of the human gut microbiota, making them a promising chassis for developing long-term interventions for chronic diseases. Engineering these bacteria as on-site production and delivery vehicles for biologic drugs or diagnostics, however, requires efficient heterologous protein secretion tools, which are currently lacking. To address this limitation, we systematically investigated methods to enable heterologous protein secretion in Bacteroides using both endogenous and exogenous secretion systems. Here, we report a collection of secretion carriers that can export functional proteins across multiple Bacteroides species at high titers. To understand the mechanistic drivers of Bacteroides secretion, we characterized signal peptide sequence features as well as post-secretion extracellular fate and cargo size limit of protein cargo. To increase titers and enable flexible control of protein secretion, we developed a strong, self-contained, inducible expression circuit. Finally, we validated the functionality of our secretion carriers in vivo in a mouse model. This toolkit should enable expanded development of long-term living therapeutic interventions for chronic gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vince W. Kelly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rahman Rahman Pour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Present address: Perlumi, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Shannon J. Sirk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Lead Contact
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17
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Sharma S, Sharma H, Gogoi H. Bacterial immunotherapy: is it a weapon in our arsenal in the fight against cancer? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277677. [PMID: 38090593 PMCID: PMC10711065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer have driven alternative treatment approaches. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential of bacteria and it's components to serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. Compared to traditional cancer therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bacteria mediated tumor therapy has exhibited superior cancer suppressing property which is attributed a lot to it's tumor proliferating and accumulating characteristics. Genetically modified bacteria has reduced inherent toxicity and enhanced specificity towards tumor microenvironment. This anti- tumor activity of bacteria is attributed to its toxins and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall and spores. Furthermore, bacterial genes can be regulated to express and deliver cytokines, antibodies and cancer therapeutics. Although there is less clinical data available, the pre- clinical research clearly indicates the feasibility and potential of bacteria- mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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18
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Hoces D, Miguens Blanco J, Hernández-López RA. A synthetic biology approach to engineering circuits in immune cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:120-137. [PMID: 37464881 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic circuit in a biological system involves the designed assembly of genetic elements, biomolecules, or cells to create a defined function. These circuits are central in synthetic biology, enabling the reprogramming of cellular behavior and the engineering of cells with customized responses. In cancer therapeutics, engineering T cells with circuits have the potential to overcome the challenges of current approaches, for example, by allowing specific recognition and killing of cancer cells. Recent advances also facilitate engineering integrated circuits for the controlled release of therapeutic molecules at specified locations, for example, in a solid tumor. In this review, we discuss recent strategies and applications of synthetic receptor circuits aimed at enhancing immune cell functions for cancer immunotherapy. We begin by introducing the concept of circuits in networks at the molecular and cellular scales and provide an analysis of the development and implementation of several synthetic circuits in T cells that have the goal to overcome current challenges in cancer immunotherapy. These include specific targeting of cancer cells, increased T-cell proliferation, and persistence in the tumor microenvironment. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology, and the characteristics of certain circuit architectures, it is now possible to engineer a new generation of immune cells that recognize cancer cells, while minimizing off-target toxicities. We specifically discuss T-cell circuits for antigen density sensing. These circuits allow targeting of solid tumors that share antigens with normal tissues. Additionally, we explore designs for synthetic circuits that could control T-cell differentiation or T-cell fate as well as the concept of synthetic multicellular circuits that leverage cellular communication and division of labor to achieve improved therapeutic efficacy. As our understanding of cell biology expands and novel tools for genome, protein, and cell engineering are developed, we anticipate further innovative approaches to emerge in the design and engineering of circuits in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoces
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jesús Miguens Blanco
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rogelio A Hernández-López
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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19
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Liu W, Xu J, Pi Z, Chen Y, Jiang G, Wan Y, Mao W. Untangling the web of intratumor microbiota in lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189025. [PMID: 37980944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are pivotal in contemporary cancer research, influencing various biological behaviors in cancer. The previous notion that the lung was sterile has been destabilized by the discovery of microbiota in the lower airway and lung, even within tumor tissues. Advances of biotechnology enable the association between intratumor microbiota and lung cancer to be revealed. Nonetheless, the origin and tumorigenicity of intratumor microbiota in lung cancer still remain implicit. Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates that intratumor microbiota might serve as an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and even a therapeutic target across multiple cancer types, including lung cancer. However, research on intratumor microbiota's role in lung cancer is still nascent and warrants more profound exploration. Herein, this paper provides an extensive review of recent advancements in the following fields, including 1) established and emerging biotechnologies utilized to study intratumor microbiota in lung cancer, 2) causation between intratumor microbiota and lung cancer from the perspectives of translocation, cancerogenesis and metastasis, 3) potential application of intratumor microbiota as a novel biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and 4) promising lung cancer therapies via regulating intratumor microbiota. Moreover, this review addresses the limitations, challenges, and future prospects of studies focused on intratumor microbiota in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingtong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheshun Pi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yundi Chen
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton 13850, USA
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton 13850, USA.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Din SRU, Saeed S, Khan SU, Arbi FM, Xuefang G, Zhong M. Bacteria-driven cancer therapy: Exploring advancements and challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104141. [PMID: 37742883 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a serious fatal disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells, is the biggest challenge flagging around medicine and health fields. Conventionally, various treatments-based strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies possess drugs that cannot reach the cancerous tissues and make them toxic to noncancerous cells. Cancer immunotherapy has made outstanding achievements in reducing the chances of cancer. Our considerable attention towards cancer-directed immune responses and the mechanisms behind which immune cells kill cancer cells have progressively been helpful in the advancement of new therapies. Among them, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved much more attention due to smart and robust mechanisms in activating the host anti-tumor response. Moreover, bacterial-based therapy can be utilized as a single monotherapy or in combination with multiple anticancer immunotherapies to accelerate productive clinical results. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in developing bacterial-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Riaz Ud Din
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK 22020, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mueen Arbi
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Guo Xuefang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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21
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Lin W, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao Z, Lu K, Meng H, Luoliu R, He X, Shen J, Mao ZW, Xia W. Engineered Bacteria Labeled with Iridium(III) Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310158. [PMID: 37668526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite metal-based photosensitizers showing great potential in photodynamic therapy for tumor treatment, the application of the photosensitizers is intrinsically limited by their poor cancer-targeting properties. Herein, we reported a metal-based photosensitizer-bacteria hybrid, Ir-HEcN, via covalent labeling of an iridium(III) photosensitizer to the surface of genetically engineered bacteria. Due to its intrinsic self-propelled motility and hypoxia tropism, Ir-HEcN selectively targets and penetrates deeply into tumor tissues. Importantly, Ir-HEcN is capable of inducing pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death of tumor cells under irradiation, thereby remarkably evoking anti-tumor innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo and leading to the regression of solid tumors via combinational photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, Ir-HEcN is the first metal complex decorated bacteria for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kai Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - He Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruiqi Luoliu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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22
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Liu L, Xin W, Li Q, Huang B, Yin T, Hua S, Yang C, Chen C, Han C, Hua Z. Neutrophil-Mediated Tumor-Targeting Delivery System of Oncolytic Bacteria Combined with ICB for Melanoma Lung Metastasis Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301835. [PMID: 37565362 PMCID: PMC10582430 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic bacteria are the most promising tumor target vector. Questions also remain regarding finding a balance between the therapeutic efficacy and safety of oncolytic bacteria. The critical measure of how this balance is maintained is the improvement in tumor colonization. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) as the only Salmonella strain to be evaluated in a clinical trial is a potential tumor therapeutic bacterium. A delivery system with controlled release of VNP after being loaded into neutrophils, which significantly increases the tumor-targeting of VNP and enhances its therapeutic efficacy in a melanoma lung metastasis model is constructed. To improve the synergistic therapeutic effect, a PD1 nanobody is applied to this system (NE(PD1nb)). NE(PD1nb) activate dendritic cells (DCs) differentiation and stimulate the M1-like differentiation of macrophages, and induce CD4+ T-cells maturity and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells activation through DCs tumor antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Wenjie Xin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Qiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Baolian Huang
- School of BiopharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Te Yin
- School of BiopharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Siqi Hua
- School of BiopharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of BiopharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Chao Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- School of BiopharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- Changzhou High‐Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc.ChangzhouJiangsu213164China
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Jin Y, Chi J, LoMonaco K, Boon A, Gu H. Recent Review on Selected Xenobiotics and Their Impacts on Gut Microbiome and Metabolome. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 166:117155. [PMID: 37484879 PMCID: PMC10361410 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
As it is well known, the gut is one of the primary sites in any host for xenobiotics, and the many microbial metabolites responsible for the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host. However, there is a growing concern about the negative impacts on human health induced by toxic xenobiotics. Metabolomics, broadly including lipidomics, is an emerging approach to studying thousands of metabolites in parallel. In this review, we summarized recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) technologies in metabolomics. In addition, we reviewed recent applications of MS-based metabolomics for the investigation of toxic effects of xenobiotics on microbial and host metabolism. It was demonstrated that metabolomics, gut microbiome profiling, and their combination have a high potential to identify metabolic and microbial markers of xenobiotic exposure and determine its mechanism. Further, there is increasing evidence supporting that reprogramming the gut microbiome could be a promising approach to the intervention of xenobiotic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Kaelene LoMonaco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Alexandria Boon
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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24
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Menghini S, Vizovisek M, Enders J, Schuerle S. Magnetospirillum magneticum triggers apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 37559137 PMCID: PMC10410830 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteria in cancer immunotherapy has the potential to bypass many shortcomings of conventional treatments. The ability of anaerobic bacteria to preferentially accumulate and replicate in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, as a consequence of bacterial metabolic needs, is particularly advantageous and key to boosting their immunostimulatory therapeutic actions in situ. While several of these bacterial traits are well-studied, little is known about their competition for nutrients and its effect on cancer cells which could serve as another potent and innate antineoplastic action. Here, we explored the consequences of the iron-scavenging abilities of a particular species of bacteria, Magnetospirillum magneticum, which has been studied as a potential new class of bacteria for magnetically targeted bacterial cancer therapy. We investigated their influence in hypoxic regions of solid tumors by studying the consequential metabolic effects exerted on cancer cells. To do so, we established an in vitro co-culture system consisting of the bacterial strain AMB-1 incubated under hypoxic conditions with human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. We first quantified the number of viable cells after incubation with magnetotactic bacteria demonstrating a lower rate of cellular proliferation that correlated with increasing bacteria-to-cancer cells ratio. Further experiments showed increasing populations of apoptotic cells when cancer cells were incubated with AMB-1 over a period of 24 h. Analysis of the metabolic effects induced by bacteria suggest an increase in the activation of executioner caspases as well as changes in levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Finally, the level of several human apoptosis-related proteins was investigated, confirming a bacteria-dependent triggering of apoptotic pathways in breast cancer cells. Overall, our findings support that magnetotactic bacteria could act as self-replicating iron-chelating agents and indicate that they interfere with proliferation and lead to increased apoptosis of cancer cells. This bacterial feature could serve as an additional antineoplastic mechanism to reinforce current bacterial cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menghini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Vizovisek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathas Enders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Liu Z, Hong L, Ling Z. Potential role of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract: More than passengers. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16756-16773. [PMID: 37377377 PMCID: PMC10501248 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated bacteria and gut microbiota have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential role in cancer development and therapeutic response. This review aims to discuss the contributions of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to exploring the mechanisms, functions, and implications of these bacteria in cancer therapy. METHODS We reviewed current literature on intratumor bacteria and their impact on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and anti-tumor immune modulation. Additionally, we examined techniques used to detect intratumor bacteria, precautions necessary when handling low microbial biomass tumor samples, and the recent progress in bacterial manipulation for tumor treatment. RESULTS Research indicates that each type of cancer uniquely interacts with its microbiome, and bacteria can be detected even in non-gastrointestinal tumors with low bacterial abundance. Intracellular bacteria have the potential to regulate tumor cells' biological behavior and contribute to critical aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, bacterial-based anti-tumor therapies have shown promising results in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the complex interactions between intratumor bacteria and tumor cells could lead to the development of more precise cancer treatment strategies. Further research into non-gastrointestinal tumor-associated bacteria is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches and expand our knowledge of the microbiota's role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lian‐Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
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26
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Henderson EA, Lukomski S, Boone BA. Emerging applications of cancer bacteriotherapy towards treatment of pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217095. [PMID: 37588093 PMCID: PMC10425600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a five-year survival rate of only ten percent. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for ninety percent of those cases. PDAC is associated with a dense stroma that confers resistance to current treatment modalities. Increasing resistance to cancer treatments poses a challenge and a need for alternative therapies. Bacterial mediated cancer therapies were proposed in the late 1800s by Dr. William Coley when he injected osteosarcoma patients with live streptococci or a fabrication of heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens known as Coley's toxin. Since then, several bacteria have gained recognition for possible roles in potentiating treatment response, enhancing anti-tumor immunity, and alleviating adverse effects to standard treatment options. This review highlights key bacterial mechanisms and structures that promote anti-tumor immunity, challenges and risks associated with bacterial mediated cancer therapies, and applications and opportunities for use in PDAC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Henderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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27
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Nagpal S, Mande SS. Environmental insults and compensative responses: when microbiome meets cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37453005 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has recently been ascribed a new hallmark-the polymorphic microbiome. Accumulating evidence regarding the tissue specific territories of tumor-microbiome have opened new and interesting avenues. A pertinent question is regarding the functional consequence of the interface between host-microbiome and cancer. Given microbial communities have predominantly been explored through an ecological perspective, it is important that the foundational aspects of ecological stress and the fight to 'survive and thrive' are accounted for tumor-micro(b)environment as well. Building on existing evidence and classical microbial ecology, here we attempt to characterize the ecological stresses and the compensative responses of the microorganisms inside the tumor microenvironment. What insults would microbes experience inside the cancer jungle? How would they respond to these insults? How the interplay of stress and microbial quest for survival would influence the fate of tumor? This work asks these questions and tries to describe this underdiscussed ecological interface of the tumor and its microbiota. It is hoped that a larger scientific thought on the importance of microbial competition sensing vis-à-vis tumor-microenvironment would be stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nagpal
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Pune, 411013, India.
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Pune, 411013, India.
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28
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Wang X, Zhou N, Wang B. Bacterial synthetic biology: tools for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1087-1097. [PMID: 37482696 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2239704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial synthetic biology has provided powerful tools to revolutionize the drug discovery process. These tools can be harnessed to generate bacterial novel pharmaceutical compounds with enhanced bioactivity and selectivity or to create genetically modified microorganisms as living drugs. AREAS COVERED This review provides a current overview of the state-of-the-art in bacterial synthetic biology tools for novel drug discovery. The authors discuss the application of these tools including bioinformatic tools, CRISPR tools, engineered bacterial transcriptional regulators, and synthetic biosensors for novel drug discovery. Additionally, the authors present the recent progress on reprogramming bacteriophages as living drugs to fight against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. EXPERT OPINION The field of using bacterial synthetic biology tools for drug discovery is rapidly advancing. However, challenges remain in developing reliable and robust methods to engineer bacteria. Further advancements in synthetic biology hold promise to speed up drug discovery, facilitating the development of novel therapeutics against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Biological Computation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Brevi A, Zarrinpar A. Live Biotherapeutic Products as Cancer Treatments. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1929-1932. [PMID: 37317784 PMCID: PMC10275495 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Almost every aspect of cancer can be influenced by microbiota including tumor onset, progression, and response to therapy. The increasing evidence of the role of microbiota in human health and disease has reinvigorated the interest in designing microbial products that can affect cancer outcomes. Researchers have made numerous attempts to develop safe, engineered biotherapeutic products for cancer treatment using synthetic biology tools. Despite the progress, only Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is approved for human use. Here, we highlight the recent advances and current challenges in using live bacteria as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brevi
- – Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- – Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- – Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- – Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- – VA Health Sciences San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- – Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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30
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Ikryannikova LN, Gorokhovets NV, Belykh DA, Kurbatov LK, Zamyatnin AA. Bacterial Therapy of Cancer: A Way to the Dustbin of History or to the Medicine of the Future? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119726. [PMID: 37298677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the constant companions of the human body throughout its life and even after its death. The history of a human disease such as cancer and the history of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are believed to closely intertwined. This review was conceived to highlight the attempts of scientists from ancient times to the present day to discover the relationship between bacteria and the emergence or development of tumors in the human body. Challenges and achievements of 21st century science in forcing bacteria to serve for cancer treatment are considered. The future possibilities of bacterial cancer therapy, including the creation of bacterial microrobots, or "bacteriobots", are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa N Ikryannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya A Belykh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid K Kurbatov
- Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya 10/8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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31
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhai Y, Ji J, Yang X, Zhai G. Cellular Drug Delivery System for Disease Treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123069. [PMID: 37225024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of variable novel drug delivery system has shown a flowering trend in recent years. Among them, the cell-based drug delivery system (DDS) utilizes the unique physiological function of cells to deliver drugs to the lesion area, which is the most complex and intelligent DDS at present. Compared with the traditional DDS, the cell-based DDS has the potential of prolonged circulation in body. Cellular DDS is expected to be the best carrier to realize multifunctional drug delivery. This paper introduces and analyzes common cellular DDSs such as blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, tumor cells and bacteria as well as relevant research examples in recent years. We hope that this review can provide a reference for future research on cell vectors and promote the innovative development and clinical transformation of cell-based DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84124, United States of America
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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32
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Babakanrad E, Mohammadian T, Esmaeili D, Behzadi P. Studying the effect of gene fusion of A and C types capsular synthesizing enzymes and anticancer sequence on inducing the expression of apoptotic BCL-2, BAX, and Caspase-3 genes by Real-time RT-PCR method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16326. [PMID: 37251837 PMCID: PMC10213348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Today, uterine cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world and is one of the major problems in human health. There have been numerous reports of the effect of Streptococcus agalactiae peptide and capsular products against cancer cell lines. Objective: This study aimed to research recombinant peptide CPSA-CPSC-L-ACAN and investigate its apoptotic effect against the HeLa cell line by Real-Time-RT PCR. Design In this study confirmation of the recombinant fusion peptide was performed by Western blotting. The effect of cytotoxicity of different concentrations of recombinant fusion peptide against the HeLa cell line was investigated by the MTT technique. The expression of apoptotic genes including BAX, BCL-2, and Caspase-3 in comparison with the GAPDH reference gene before and after exposure to recombinant fusion peptide was measured by Real-Time RT-PCR. Results Recombinant fusion peptide at a concentration of 63 μg/ml destroyed 50% of the HeLa cell line in 24 h and cell treatment with this concentration increased gene expression of Caspase-3 genes by 16 times, bax by 6 times and decreased the expression of bcl-2 by 0.176 times. Conclusions The results showed that treatment of the HeLa cell line with recombinant fusion peptide induced an apoptotic effect. The recombinant fusion peptide could probably help the medical community as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Babakanrad
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Mohammadian
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Wang J, Ghosh D, Maniruzzaman M. Using bugs as drugs: administration of bacteria-related microbes to fight cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114825. [PMID: 37075953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the advancement of microbiology and cancer biology, bioengineering of bacteria-related microbes has demonstrated great potential in targeted cancer therapy. Presently, the major administration routes of bacteria-related microbes for cancer treatment include intravenous injection, intratumoral injection, intraperitoneal injection, and oral delivery. Administration routes of bacteria play a key role in anticancer therapeutic efficacy since different delivery approaches might exert an anticancer effect through diverse mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary routes of bacteria administration as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss that microencapsulation can overcome the current challenges of direct administration of free bacteria. We also review the latest advancements in combining functional particles with engineered bacteria to fight against cancer, which can be further coupled with conventional anticancer therapies to improve the therapeutic effect. Eventually, we highlight the application prospect of bioprinting in cancer bacteriotherapy, which enables the long-term sustained delivery and individualized dose regimen, representing a new paradigm for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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34
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Shen X, Zhu C, Liu X, Zheng H, Wu Q, Xie J, Huang H, Liao Z, Shi J, Nan K, Wang J, Mao X, Gu Z, Li H. Engineered bacteria for augmented in situ tumor vaccination. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1137-1152. [PMID: 36601796 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01593e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ tumor vaccination has aroused tremendous interest with its capability for eliciting strong and systemic antitumor immune responses. Unlike traditional cancer vaccines, in situ tumor vaccination avoids the laborious process of tumor antigen identification and can modulate tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment at the same time. In recent years, bacteria have been used as both efficient tumor-targeted delivery vehicles and potent adjuvants. Regarding the rapid development in this area, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the application of bacteria for in situ cancer vaccination. We illustrate the mechanisms of bacteria as both efficient tumor immunogenic cell death inducers and tumor-targeted delivery platforms. Then we comprehensively review the engineering strategies for designing bacteria-based in situ vaccination, including chemical modification, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering. The current dilemma and future directions are discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chaojie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xutao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hanqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jijin Xie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Junxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xuming Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
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35
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Xue K, Wang L, Liu J. Surface Modification of Bacteria to Optimize Immunomodulation for Advanced Immunotherapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200574. [PMID: 36376260 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have been widely exploited as therapeutic agents for immunotherapy due to their native immunogenicity, living characteristic, and genetic manipulability. However, conventional bacteria-based immunotherapy often suffers from dose-dependent safety issues and poor treatment efficacy. Harnessing surface modification of bacteria to carry additional immune modulators has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce bacterial dose and synergistically enhance the activation of immune responses. In this paper, bacteria-mediated immunomodulation and the underlying mechanisms are introduced, followed by a summarization on the concept of using surface-modification approaches including physical encapsulation, chemical conjugation, and metabolic labelling to combine diverse immune functions. The applications of modified bacteria as therapeutics for immunotherapy toward cancer and inflammatory bowel disease have been expounded further. Both challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of surface-modified bacteria for immunomodulation are also proposed. This work offers unique insights into developing safe yet potent bacteria-based therapeutics for advanced immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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36
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Choi JK, Naffouje SA, Goto M, Wang J, Christov K, Rademacher DJ, Green A, Stecenko AA, Chakrabarty AM, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Cross-talk between cancer and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates tumor suppression. Commun Biol 2023; 6:16. [PMID: 36609683 PMCID: PMC9823004 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms living at many sites in the human body compose a complex and dynamic community. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for microorganisms in cancer, and therapies that incorporate bacteria have been tried in various types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that cupredoxin azurin secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enters human cancer cells and induces apoptotic death1-4. However, the physiological interactions between P. aeruginosa and humans and their role in tumor homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa upregulated azurin secretion in response to increasing numbers of and proximity to cancer cells. Conversely, cancer cells upregulated aldolase A secretion in response to increasing proximity to P. aeruginosa, which also correlated with enhanced P. aeruginosa adherence to cancer cells. Additionally, we show that cancer patients had detectable P. aeruginosa and azurin in their tumors and exhibited increased overall survival when they did, and that azurin administration reduced tumor growth in transgenic mice. Our results suggest host-bacterial symbiotic mutualism acting as a diverse adjunct to the host defense system via inter-kingdom communication mediated by the evolutionarily conserved proteins azurin and human aldolase A. This improved understanding of the symbiotic relationship of bacteria with humans indicates the potential contribution to tumor homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samer A Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Core Imaging Facility, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arlene A Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ananda M Chakrabarty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tapas K Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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37
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Sheridan PO, Odat MA, Scott KP. Establishing genetic manipulation for novel strains of human gut bacteria. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:1. [PMID: 38059211 PMCID: PMC10696588 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the development of high-accuracy and high-throughput genetic manipulation techniques, which have greatly improved our understanding of genetically tractable microbes. However, challenges remain in establishing genetic manipulation techniques in novel organisms, owing largely to exogenous DNA defence mechanisms, lack of selectable markers, lack of efficient methods to introduce exogenous DNA and an inability of genetic vectors to replicate in their new host. In this review, we describe some of the techniques that are available for genetic manipulation of novel microorganisms. While many reviews exist that focus on the final step in genetic manipulation, the editing of recipient DNA, we particularly focus on the first step in this process, the transfer of exogenous DNA into a strain of interest. Examples illustrating the use of these techniques are provided for a selection of human gut bacteria in which genetic tractability has been established, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia. Ultimately, this review aims to provide an information source for researchers interested in developing genetic manipulation techniques for novel bacterial strains, particularly those of the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O. Sheridan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ma’en Al Odat
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Karen P. Scott
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK
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38
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Sieow BFL, De Sotto R, Seet ZRD, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Synthetic Biology Meets Machine Learning. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2553:21-39. [PMID: 36227537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2617-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter outlines the myriad applications of machine learning (ML) in synthetic biology, specifically in engineering cell and protein activity, and metabolic pathways. Though by no means comprehensive, the chapter highlights several prominent computational tools applied in the field and their potential use cases. The examples detailed reinforce how ML algorithms can enhance synthetic biology research by providing data-driven insights into the behavior of living systems, even without detailed knowledge of their underlying mechanisms. By doing so, ML promises to increase the efficiency of research projects by modeling hypotheses in silico that can then be tested through experiments. While challenges related to training dataset generation and computational costs remain, ongoing improvements in ML tools are paving the way for smarter and more streamlined synthetic biology workflows that can be readily employed to address grand challenges across manufacturing, medicine, engineering, agriculture, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Fu-Long Sieow
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan De Sotto
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Ren Darren Seet
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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39
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Abstract
With increasing evidence that microbes colonize tumors, synthetic biology tools are being leveraged to repurpose bacteria as tumor-specific delivery systems. These engineered systems can modulate the tumor microenvironment using a combination of their inherent immunogenicity and local payload production. Here, we review genetic circuits that enhance spatial and temporal control of therapeutic bacteria to improve their safety and efficacy. We describe the engineering of interactions among bacteria, tumor cells, and immune cells, and the progression from bacteria as single agents toward their rational combination with other modalities. Together, these efforts are building toward an emerging concept of engineering interactions between programmable medicines using synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice R. Gurbatri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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40
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Devoy C, Flores Bueso Y, Tangney M. Understanding and harnessing triple-negative breast cancer-related microbiota in oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020121. [PMID: 36505861 PMCID: PMC9730816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inhabitants of the body have the potential to play a role in various stages of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment. These bacteria may be distal to the primary tumour, such as gut microbiota, or local to the tissue, before or after tumour growth. Breast cancer is well studied in this context. Amongst breast cancer types, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive, has fewer treatment options than receptor-positive breast cancers, has an overall worse prognosis and higher rates of reoccurrence. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the bacterial influence on TNBC progression and treatment is of high value. In this regard, the Gut Microbiota (GM) can be involved in various stages of tumour progression. It may suppress or promote carcinogenesis through the release of carcinogenic metabolites, sustenance of proinflammatory environments and/or the promotion of epigenetic changes in our genome. It can also mediate metastasis and reoccurrence through interactions with the immune system and has been recently shown to influence chemo-, radio-, and immune-therapies. Furthermore, bacteria have also been found to reside in normal and malignant breast tissue. Several studies have now described the breast and breast tumour microbiome, with the tumour microbiota of TNBC having the least taxonomic diversity among all breast cancer types. Here, specific conditions of the tumour microenvironment (TME) - low O2, leaky vasculature and immune suppression - are supportive of tumour selective bacterial growth. This innate bacterial ability could enable their use as delivery agents for various therapeutics or as diagnostics. This review aims to examine the current knowledge on bacterial relevance to TNBC and potential uses while examining some of the remaining unanswered questions regarding mechanisms underpinning observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Devoy
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yensi Flores Bueso
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Mark Tangney,
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41
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Aggarwal N, Kitano S, Puah GRY, Kittelmann S, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 123:31-72. [PMID: 36317983 PMCID: PMC9837825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the microbiome with the host has resulted in these communities playing a profound role in promoting human health. Consequently, perturbations in the human microbiome can cause or exacerbate several diseases. In this Review, we present our current understanding of the relationship between human health and disease development, focusing on the microbiomes found across the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems as well as the skin. We further discuss various strategies by which the composition and function of the human microbiome can be modulated to exert a therapeutic effect on the host. Finally, we examine technologies such as multiomics approaches and cellular reprogramming of microbes that can enable significant advancements in microbiome research and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shohei Kitano
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ginette Ru Ying Puah
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,Singapore
Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,E-mail:
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42
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Need for a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: The Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169486. [PMID: 36012745 PMCID: PMC9409167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is essential to maintaining brain health. Aging-related alterations could lead to chronic progressive leakiness of the BBB, which is directly correlated with cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, the BBB breakdown during acute ischemic stroke is critical. It remains unclear, however, whether BBB dysfunction is one of the first events that leads to brain disease or a down-stream consequence. This review will focus on the BBB dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular disease. An added difficulty is its association with the deleterious or reparative effect, which depends on the stroke phase. We will first outline the BBB structure and function. Then, we will focus on the spatiotemporal chronic, slow, and progressive BBB alteration related to ischemic stroke. Finally, we will propose a new perspective on preventive therapeutic strategies associated with brain aging based on targeting specific components of the BBB. Understanding BBB age-evolutions will be beneficial for new drug development and the identification of the best performance window times. This could have a direct impact on clinical translation and personalised medicine.
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43
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Akolpoglu MB, Alapan Y, Dogan NO, Baltaci SF, Yasa O, Aybar Tural G, Sitti M. Magnetically steerable bacterial microrobots moving in 3D biological matrices for stimuli-responsive cargo delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6163. [PMID: 35857516 PMCID: PMC9286503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biohybrids, composed of self-propelling bacteria carrying micro/nanoscale materials, can deliver their payload to specific regions under magnetic control, enabling additional frontiers in minimally invasive medicine. However, current bacterial biohybrid designs lack high-throughput and facile construction with favorable cargoes, thus underperforming in terms of propulsion, payload efficiency, tissue penetration, and spatiotemporal operation. Here, we report magnetically controlled bacterial biohybrids for targeted localization and multistimuli-responsive drug release in three-dimensional (3D) biological matrices. Magnetic nanoparticles and nanoliposomes loaded with photothermal agents and chemotherapeutic molecules were integrated onto Escherichia coli with ~90% efficiency. Bacterial biohybrids, outperforming previously reported E. coli-based microrobots, retained their original motility and were able to navigate through biological matrices and colonize tumor spheroids under magnetic fields for on-demand release of the drug molecules by near-infrared stimulus. Our work thus provides a multifunctional microrobotic platform for guided locomotion in 3D biological networks and stimuli-responsive delivery of therapeutics for diverse medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukrime Birgul Akolpoglu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nihal Olcay Dogan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Saadet Fatma Baltaci
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gulsen Aybar Tural
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
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44
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Inamura K, Hamada T, Bullman S, Ugai T, Yachida S, Ogino S. Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327209. [PMID: 35820782 PMCID: PMC9834441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome (ie, the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, etc, likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, etc) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes. The systemic metabolic/inflammatory status, which is likely influenced by exposures and intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment of colorectum and any other organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypes via gene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it is crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that can analyse the effects of exposures, microorganisms and microenvironmental components on tumour evolution but also interdisciplinary human population research that can dissect the complex pathogenic roles of the exposome, microbiome and immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic analyses should be integrated into well-designed population research combined with advanced methodologies of artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, a prospective cohort study design that enables biospecimen (such as stool) collection before disease detection should be considered to address reverse causation and recall biases. Robust experimental and observational research together can provide insights into dynamic interactions between environmental exposures, microbiota, tumour and immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention and therapeutic strategies to ultimately reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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45
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Sadrekarimi H, Gardanova ZR, Bakhshesh M, Ebrahimzadeh F, Yaseri AF, Thangavelu L, Hasanpoor Z, Zadeh FA, Kahrizi MS. Emerging role of human microbiome in cancer development and response to therapy: special focus on intestinal microflora. Lab Invest 2022; 20:301. [PMID: 35794566 PMCID: PMC9258144 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on the impact of microbial populations inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract on human health and disease. According to the involvement of microbiota in modulating physiological processes (such as immune system development, vitamins synthesis, pathogen displacement, and nutrient uptake), any alteration in its composition and diversity (i.e., dysbiosis) has been linked to a variety of pathologies, including cancer. In this bidirectional relationship, colonization with various bacterial species is correlated with a reduced or elevated risk of certain cancers. Notably, the gut microflora could potentially play a direct or indirect role in tumor initiation and progression by inducing chronic inflammation and producing toxins and metabolites. Therefore, identifying the bacterial species involved and their mechanism of action could be beneficial in preventing the onset of tumors or controlling their advancement. Likewise, the microbial community affects anti-cancer approaches’ therapeutic potential and adverse effects (such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy). Hence, their efficiency should be evaluated in the context of the microbiome, underlining the importance of personalized medicine. In this review, we summarized the evidence revealing the microbiota's involvement in cancer and its mechanism. We also delineated how microbiota could predict colon carcinoma development or response to current treatments to improve clinical outcomes.
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46
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Yavuz M, Ütkür M, Kehribar EŞ, Yağız E, Sarıtaş EÜ, Şeker UÖŞ. Engineered Bacteria with Genetic Circuits Accumulating Nanomagnets as MRI Contrast Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200537. [PMID: 35567331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for highly efficient cancer diagnostic tools increases alongside the high cancer incidence nowadays. Moreover, there is an imperative need for novel cancer treatment therapies that lack the side effects of conventional treatment options. Developments in this aspect employ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications due to their stability, biocompatibility, and magnetic properties. Certain organisms, including many bacteria, can synthesize magnetic nanocrystals, which help their spatial orientation and survival by sensing the earth's geomagnetic field. This work aims to convert Escherichia coli to accumulate magnetite, which can further be coupled with drug delivery modules. The authors design magnetite accumulating bacterial machines using genetic circuitries hiring Mms6 with iron-binding activity and essential in magnetite crystal formation. The work demonstrates that the combinatorial effect of Mms6 with ferroxidase, iron transporter protein, and material binding peptide enhances the paramagnetic behavior of the cells in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Cellular machines are also engineered to display Mms6 peptide on the cell surface via an autotransporter protein that shows augmented MRI performance. The findings are promising for endowing a probiotic bacterium, able to accumulate magnetite intracellularly or extracellularly, serving as a theranostics agent for cancer diagnostics via MRI scanning and hyperthermia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yavuz
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ütkür
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şahin Kehribar
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ecrin Yağız
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Emine Ülkü Sarıtaş
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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Rommasi F. Bacterial-Based Methods for Cancer Treatment: What We Know and Where We Are. Oncol Ther 2022; 10:23-54. [PMID: 34780046 PMCID: PMC9098760 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A severe disease, cancer is caused by the exponential and uncontrolled growth of cells, leading to organ dysfunction as well as disorders. This disease has been recognized as one of the significant challenges to health and medicine. Various treatment procedures for cancer are associated with diverse side effects; the most conventional cancer treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, among others. Numerous adverse and side effects, low specificity and sensitivity, narrow therapeutic windows, and, recently, the emergence of tumor cells resistant to such treatments have been documented as the shortcomings of conventional treatment strategies. As a group of prokaryotic microorganisms, bacteria have great potential for use in cancer therapy. Currently, utilizing bacteria for cancer treatment has attracted the attention of scientists. The high potential of bacteria to become non-pathogenic by genetic manipulation, their distinguished virulence factors (which can be used as weapons against tumors), their ability to proliferate in tissues, and the contingency to control their population by administrating antibiotics, etc., have made bacteria viable candidates and live micro-medication for cancer therapies. However, the possible cytotoxicity impacts of bacteria, their inability to entirely lyse cancerous cells, as well as the probability of mutations in their genomes are among the significant challenges of bacteria-based methods for cancer treatment. In this article, various available data on bacterial therapeutics, along with their pros and cons, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Rommasi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Bacteria and tumor: Understanding the roles of bacteria in tumor genesis and immunology. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127082. [PMID: 35660471 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past, tumor and microbial infection were commonly regarded as independent diseases with few interrelations. The discovery of bacteria in tumor tissue changed the knowledge of bacteria-tumor relationship. Recently, more and more findings have demonstrated the significant effects of bacteria on the genesis, development and metastasis of tumor. Particularly, the influence of bacteria on tumor immunity is of great interest. Bacteria can inhibit the function of immune system through multiple mechanisms. On the other hand, some bacteria can also enhance the immune response and inhibit tumor progression. Understanding the bacteria-tumor interactions is of great importance for developing novel anticancer approaches. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the tumor/tumor immunology, the biogenesis of bacteria in tumor and the relation of tumorigenesis with bacteria. In addition, the roles of bacteria in tumor immunology and the potential approaches to use bacteria for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Wu L, Bao F, Li L, Yin X, Hua Z. Bacterially mediated drug delivery and therapeutics: Strategies and advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114363. [PMID: 35649449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was already clinically apparent 150 years ago that bacterial therapy could alleviate diseases. Recently, a burgeoning number of researchers have been using bacterial regimens filled with microbial therapeutic leads to diagnose and treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and viral infections. Some bacteria that were designed to have low toxicity and high efficiency in drug delivery have been used to treat diseases successfully, especially in tumor therapy in animal models or clinical trials, thanks to the progress of genetic engineering and synthetic bioengineering. Therefore, genetically engineered bacteria can serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles, carrying nucleic acids or genetic circuits that encode and regulate therapeutic payloads. In this review, we summarize the development and applications of this approach. Strategies for genetically modifying strains are described in detail, along with their objectives. We also describe some controlled strategies for drug delivery and release using these modified strains as carriers. Furthermore, we discuss treatment methods for various types of diseases using engineered bacteria. Tumors are discussed as the most representative example, and other diseases are also briefly described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of drug delivery systems based on these bacteria.
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50
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Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R. Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:358-375. [PMID: 35623562 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRs) demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential of these molecules to regulate genetic activity in different cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The RNA-based therapy does not change genetic codes in tumor cells but can silence oncogenes and/or reactivate inhibited tumor suppressor genes. In many cancers, specific miRs were shown to promote or stop tumor progression. Among confirmed and powerful epigenetic regulators of colon carcinogenesis and development of resistance are onco-miRs, which include let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-92, miR-96, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-221, miR-421, miR-451, and others. Moreover, various tumor-suppressor miRs (miR-15b-5b, miR-18a, miR-20b, miR-22, miR-96, miR-139-5p, miR-145, miR-149, miR-197, miR-199b, miR-203, miR-214, miR-218, miR-320, miR-375-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-494, miR-577, miR-874, and others) were found silenced in drug-resistant CRCs. Re-expression of tumor suppressor miR is complicated by the chemical nature of miRs that are not long-lasting compounds and require protection from the enzymatic degradation. Several recent studies explored application of miRs using nanocarrier complexes. This study critically describes the most successfully tested nanoparticle complexes used for intracellular delivery of nuclear acids and miRs, including micelles, liposomes, inorganic and polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and aptamers. Nanocarriers shield incorporated miRs and improve the agent stability in circulation. Attachment of antibodies and/or specific peptide or ligands facilitates cell-targeted miR delivery. Addressing in vivo challenges, a broad spectrum of non-toxic materials has been tested and indicated reliable advantages of lipid-based (lipoplexes) and polymer-based liposomes. Recent cutting-edge developments indicated that lipid-based complexes with multiple cargo, including several miRs, are the most effective approach to eradicate drug-resistant tumors. Focusing on CRC-specific miRs, this review provides a guidance and insights towards the most promising direction to achieve dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using miR-nanocarrier complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekaterina M Grigorevskikh
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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