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Andrup S, Andersen GØ, Hoffmann P, Eritsland J, Seljeflot I, Halvorsen S, Vistnes M. Novel cardiac extracellular matrix biomarkers in STEMI: Associations with ischemic injury and long-term mortality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302732. [PMID: 38739599 PMCID: PMC11090350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine whether serum levels of proteins related to changes in cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) were associated with ischemic injury assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS The concentrations of six ECM-related proteins (periostin, osteopontin, syndecan-1, syndecan-4, bone morphogenetic protein 7, and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15) were measured in serum samples from patients on Day 1 and Month 4 after STEMI (n = 239). Ischemic injury was assessed by myocardial salvage index, microvascular obstruction, infarct size, and left ventricular function measured by CMR conducted during the initial admission (median 2 days after admission) and after 4 months. All-cause mortality was recorded after a median follow-up time of 70 months. RESULTS Levels of periostin increased from Day 1 to Month 4 after hospitalization, while the levels of GDF-15, osteopontin, syndecan-1, and syndecan-4 declined. At both time points, high levels of syndecan-1 were associated with microvascular obstruction, large infarct size, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas high levels of syndecan-4 at Month 4 were associated with a higher myocardial salvage index and less dilatation of the left ventricle. Higher mortality rates were associated with periostin levels at both time points, low syndecan-4 levels at Month 4, or high GDF-15 levels at Month 4. CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI, we found an association between serum levels of ECM biomarkers and ischemic injury and mortality. The results provide new insight into the role ECM components play in ischemic injury following STEMI and suggests a potential for these biomarkers in prognostication after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Andrup
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Ø. Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Interventional Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Eritsland
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Vistnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Subramani K, Bander J, Chen S, Suárez-Fariñas M, Venkatesan T, Subrahmanian S, Varshney R, Kini A, Sharma S, Rifkin DB, Cho J, Coller BS, Ahamed J. Evidence That Anemia Accelerates AS Progression Via Shear-Induced TGF-β1 Activation: Heyde's Syndrome Comes Full Circle. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:185-199. [PMID: 38510715 PMCID: PMC10950403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The severity of aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) and gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to anemia (Heyde's syndrome). We investigated how anemia is linked with AS and AVWS using the LA100 mouse model and patients with AS. Induction of anemia in LA100 mice increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 activation, AVWS, and AS progression. Patients age >75 years with severe AS had higher plasma TGF-β1 levels and more severe anemia than AS patients age <75 years, and there was a correlation between TGF-β1 and anemia. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the blood loss anemia of Heyde's syndrome contributes to AS progression via WSS-induced activation of platelet TGF-β1 and additional gastrointestinal bleeding via WSS-induced AVWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Subramani
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bander
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA
| | - Sixia Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centers, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Thamizhiniyan Venkatesan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sandeep Subrahmanian
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rohan Varshney
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Annapoorna Kini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA
| | - Samin Sharma
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel B. Rifkin
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Barry S. Coller
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centers, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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3
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Ravassa S, López B, Treibel TA, San José G, Losada-Fuentenebro B, Tapia L, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J, González A. Cardiac Fibrosis in heart failure: Focus on non-invasive diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101194. [PMID: 37384998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers, is a common feature across the spectrum of conditions converging in heart failure. Eventually, either reparative or reactive in nature, in the long-term cardiac fibrosis contributes to heart failure development and progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite this, specific cardiac antifibrotic therapies are lacking, making cardiac fibrosis an urgent unmet medical need. In this context, a better patient phenotyping is needed to characterize the heterogenous features of cardiac fibrosis to advance toward its personalized management. In this review, we will describe the different phenotypes associated with cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and we will focus on the potential usefulness of imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers for the non-invasive characterization and phenotyping of this condition and for tracking its clinical impact. We will also recapitulate the cardiac antifibrotic effects of existing heart failure and non-heart failure drugs and we will discuss potential strategies under preclinical development targeting the activation of cardiac fibroblasts at different levels, as well as targeting additional extracardiac processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Losada-Fuentenebro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Tapia
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Nasiri L, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Hassanpour H, Ghazanfari T, Kaboudanian Ardestani S, Askari N, Mohseni Majd MA, Rahimlou B. Increased serum lipofuscin associated with leukocyte telomere shortening in veterans: a possible role for sulfur mustard exposure in delayed-onset accelerated cellular senescence. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109549. [PMID: 36508921 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic gas that causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress leading to cell senescence. This study aimed to evaluate two indicators of biological aging (i.e., serum lipofuscin level and leukocyte telomere length) and assess their relationship based on the severity of SM exposure in the long term. METHODS The study was performed on two groups of male participants. 1) SM-exposed group (exposed to SM once in 1987), 73 volunteers. 2) Non-exposed group, 16 healthy volunteers. The SM-exposed group was categorized into three subgroups based on the severity of SM exposure and body damage (asymptom, mild, and severe). The blood sample was prepared from members of each group. The serum lipofuscin, TGF-β, malondialdehyde (MDA), c-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte telomere length (TL) were measured in all participants. RESULTS The MDA level was increased in the SM-exposed group (mean = 39.6 µM, SD = 16.5) compared to the non-exposed group (mean = 21.1 µM, SD = 10.3) (P < 0.05). The CRP level was also increased in the SM-exposed group (mean = 5.12 mg/l, SD = 3.36) compared to the non-exposed group (mean = 3.51 mg/l, SD = 1.21), while the TGF-β level was decreased (P < 0.05) in the SM-exposed group (mean = 52.6 pg/ml, SD = 18.7) compared to the non-exposed group (mean = 68.9 pg/ml, SD = 13.8). The relative TL was shorter in the SM-exposed group (mean = 0.40, SD = 0.28) than in the non-exposed group (mean = 2.25, SD = 1.41) (P < 0.05). The lipofuscin level was higher in the total SM-exposed group (mean = 1.44 ng/ml, SD = 0.685) than in the non-exposed group (mean = 0.88 ng/ml, SD = 0.449) (P < 0.05). The MDA and CRP levels were increased in the SM-exposed subgroups of asymptom, mild, and severe than the non-exposed group, while TGF-β level and TL were decreased in those subgroups. The lipofuscin level was higher in the SM-exposed subgroups of mild and severe than in the non-exposed group. The regression analysis determined a negative correlation between lipofuscin level and TL. The lipofuscin/TL ratio was higher in the total SM-exposed group (mean = 6.36, SD = 5.342) than in the non-exposed group (mean = 0.51, SD=0.389). This ratio was also higher in the SM-exposed subgroups of asymptom, mild, and severe than in the non-exposed group. The lipofuscin/TL ratio did not differ between mild and severe subgroups. CONCLUSION The delayed toxicity of SM is associated with chronic oxidative stress, continuous inflammatory stimulation, increased lipofuscin, and telomere shortening. Future studies are needed to verify the suitability of serum lipofuscin to telomere length ratio in determining the severity of SM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nasiri
- Department of Health Equity, Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Vaez-Mahdavi
- Department of Health Equity, Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hassanpour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sussan Kaboudanian Ardestani
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayere Askari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Department of biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Rahimlou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Mavroudis PD, Pillai N, Wang Q, Pouzin C, Greene B, Fretland J. A multi-model approach to predict efficacious clinical dose for an anti-TGF-β antibody (GC2008) in the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:1485-1496. [PMID: 36004727 PMCID: PMC9662198 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited bone dysplasias characterized by reduced skeletal mass and bone fragility. Although the primary manifestation of the disease involves the skeleton, OI is a generalized connective tissue disorder that requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Recent studies indicate that application of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) neutralizing antibody increased bone volume fraction (BVF) and strength in an OI mouse model and improved bone mineral density (BMD) in a small cohort of patients with OI. In this work, we have developed a multitiered quantitative pharmacology approach to predict human efficacious dose of a new anti-TGF-β antibody drug candidate (GC2008). This method aims to translate GC2008 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship in patients, using a number of appropriate mathematical models and available preclinical and clinical data. Compartmental PK linked with an indirect PD effect model was used to characterize both pre-clinical and clinical PK/PD data and predict a GC2008 dose that would significantly increase BMD or BVF in patients with OI. Furthermore, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model incorporating GC2008 and the body's physiological properties was developed and used to predict a GC2008 dose that would decrease the TGF-β level in bone to that of healthy individuals. By using multiple models, we aim to reveal information for different aspects of OI disease that will ultimately lead to a more informed dose projection of GC2008 in humans. The different modeling efforts predicted a similar range of pharmacologically relevant doses in patients with OI providing an informed approach for an early clinical dose setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Pillai
- Quantitative PharmacologyDMPK, Sanofi USWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Greene
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases ResearchSanofiFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
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6
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Ruan Q, Lin X, Wang L, Wang N, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian FY, Hu N, Li Y, Zhao B. An engineered (CAGA)12-EGFP cell-based biosensor for high-content and accurate detection of active TGF-β. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Monavarian M, Elhaw AT, Tang PW, Javed Z, Shonibare Z, Scalise CB, Arend R, Jolly MK, Sewell-Loftin MK, Hempel N, Mythreye K. Emerging perspectives on growth factor metabolic relationships in the ovarian cancer ascites environment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:709-719. [PMID: 35259492 PMCID: PMC9441472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ascites ecosystem in ovarian cancer is inhabited by complex cell types and is bathed in an environment rich in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that directly and indirectly impact metabolism of cancer cells and tumor associated cells. This milieu of malignant ascites, provides a 'rich' environment for the disease to thrive, contributing to every aspect of advanced ovarian cancer, a devastating gynecological cancer with a significant gap in targeted therapeutics. In this perspective we focus our discussions on the 'acellular' constituents of this liquid malignant tumor microenvironment, and how they influence metabolic pathways. Growth factors, chemokines and cytokines are known modulators of metabolism and have been shown to impact nutrient uptake and metabolic flexibility of tumors, yet few studies have explored how their enrichment in malignant ascites of ovarian cancer patients contributes to the metabolic requirements of ascites-resident cells. We focus here on TGF-βs, VEGF and ILs, which are frequently elevated in ovarian cancer ascites and have all been described to have direct or indirect effects on metabolism, often through gene regulation of metabolic enzymes. We summarize what is known, describe gaps in knowledge, and provide examples from other tumor types to infer potential unexplored roles and mechanisms for ovarian cancer. The distribution and variation in acellular ascites components between patients poses both a challenge and opportunity to further understand how the ascites may contribute to disease heterogeneity. The review also highlights opportunities for studies on ascites-derived factors in regulating the ascites metabolic environment that could act as a unique signature in aiding clinical decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Monavarian
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amal Taher Elhaw
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Priscilla W Tang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Zaineb Javed
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Zainab Shonibare
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carly Bess Scalise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA.
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Pedersen RS, Nissen NI, Jensen C, Thorlacius-Ussing J, Manon-Jensen T, Olesen ML, Langholm LL, Diab HMH, Jorgensen LN, Hansen CP, Chen IM, Johansen JS, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Plasma Kallikrein-Activated TGF-β Is Prognostic for Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Associates with Increased Fibrogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091315. [PMID: 36139154 PMCID: PMC9496221 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a hard-to-treat cancer due to the collagen-rich (fibrotic) and immune-suppressed microenvironment. A major driver of this phenomenon is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). TGF-β is produced in an inactive complex with a latency-associated protein (LAP) that can be cleaved by plasma kallikrein (PLK), hereby releasing active TGF-β. The aim of this study was to evaluate LAP cleaved by PLK as a non-invasive biomarker for PDAC and tumor fibrosis. An ELISA was developed for the quantification of PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β in the serum of 34 patients with PDAC (stage 1−4) and 20 healthy individuals. Biomarker levels were correlated with overall survival (OS) and compared to serum type III collagen (PRO-C3) and type VI collagen (PRO-C6) pro-peptides. PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β was higher in patients with PDAC compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.0001). High levels (>median) of PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β were associated with poor OS in patients with PDAC independent of age and stage (HR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.22−5.44, p = 0.0135). High levels of PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β were associated with high PRO-C3 and PRO-C6, indicating a relationship between the PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β fragment, TGF-β activity, and tumor fibrosis. If these preliminary results are validated, circulating PLK-cleaved LAP-TGF-β may be a biomarker for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus S. Pedersen
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hadi M. H. Diab
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars N. Jorgensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten P. Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inna M. Chen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julia S. Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Megakaryocyte/platelet-derived TGF-β1 inhibits megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow by regulating thrombopoietin production in liver. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3321-3328. [PMID: 35358295 PMCID: PMC9198906 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a wide variety of events in the adult bone marrow, including quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, via an undefined mechanism. Because megakaryocyte/platelets are a rich source of TGF-β1, we assessed whether TGF-β1 might inhibit its own production by comparing mice with conditional inactivation of Tgfb1 in megakaryocytes (PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox) and control mice. PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice had ~30% more megakaryocytes in BM and ~15% more circulating platelets than control mice (p<0.001). Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in plasma and TPO expression in liver were ~2-fold higher in PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox than in control mice (p<0.01), whereas the TPO expression in BM cells was similar between these mice. In BM cell culture, TPO treatment increased the number of megakaryocytes from WT-mice by ~3-fold, which increased a further ~2-fold in the presence of a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody, and increased the number of megakaryocytes from PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice ~5-fold. Our data reveal a new role for TGF-β1 produced by megakaryocyte/platelets in regulating its own production in BM via increasing TPO production in the liver. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism.
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10
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Pinkaew D, Martinez-Hackert E, Jia W, King MD, Miao F, Enger NR, Silakit R, Ramana K, Chen SY, Fujise K. Fortilin interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents TGF-β receptor activation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:157. [PMID: 35197550 PMCID: PMC8866402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fortilin is a 172-amino acid multifunctional protein present in both intra- and extracellular spaces. Although fortilin binds and regulates various cellular proteins, the biological role of extracellular fortilin remains unknown. Here we report that fortilin specifically interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents it from activating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In a standard immunoprecipitation-western blot assay, fortilin co-immunoprecipitates TGF-β1 and its isoforms. The modified ELISA assay shows that TGF-β1 remains complexed with fortilin in human serum. Both bio-layer interferometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal that fortilin directly bind TGF-β1. The SPR analysis also reveals that fortilin and the TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) compete for TGF-β1. Both luciferase and secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assays show that fortilin prevents TGF-β1 from activating Smad3 binding to Smad-binding element. Fortilin inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3 in both quantitative western blot assays and ELISA. Finally, fortilin inhibits TGFβ-1-induced differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells. A computer-assisted virtual docking reveals that fortilin occupies the pocket of TGF-β1 that is normally occupied by TGFβRII and that TGF-β1 can bind either fortilin or TGFβRII at any given time. These data support the role of extracellular fortilin as a negative regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Fortilin prevents the activation of the TGF-β1 receptor by occupying the pocket of TGF-β1 and competing with TGF-βRII to bind with TGF-β1. This inhibits Smad3 phosphorylation and the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Fei Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Enger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Runglawan Silakit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kota Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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11
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Mitchell J, Kvedaraite E, von Bahr Greenwood T, Lourda M, Henter JI, Berzins SP, Kannourakis G. Plasma Signaling Factors in Patients With Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) Correlate With Relative Frequencies of LCH Cells and T Cells Within Lesions. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:872859. [PMID: 35844751 PMCID: PMC9277082 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.872859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) lesions contain an inflammatory infiltrate of immune cells including myeloid-derived LCH cells. Cell-signaling proteins within the lesion environment suggest that LCH cells and T cells contribute majorly to the inflammation. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in lesions and blood from patients with LCH and are likely involved in LCH pathogenesis. In contrast, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are reduced in blood from these patients and the consequence of this is unknown. Serum/plasma levels of cytokines have been associated with LCH disease extent and may play a role in the recruitment of cells to lesions. We investigated whether plasma signaling factors differed between patients with active and non-active LCH. Cell-signaling factors (38 analytes total) were measured in patient plasma and cell populations from matched lesions and/or peripheral blood were enumerated. This study aimed at understanding whether plasma factors corresponded with LCH cells and/or LCH-associated T cell subsets in patients with LCH. We identified several associations between plasma factors and lesional/circulating immune cell populations, thus highlighting new factors as potentially important in LCH pathogenesis. This study highlights plasma cell-signaling factors that are associated with LCH cells, MAIT cells or Tregs in patients, thus they are potentially important in LCH pathogenesis. Further study into these associations is needed to determine whether these factors may become suitable prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenée Mitchell
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatiana von Bahr Greenwood
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magda Lourda
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
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12
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Junco-Vicente A, del Río-García Á, Martín M, Rodríguez I. Update in Biomolecular and Genetic Bases of Bicuspid Aortopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115694. [PMID: 34071740 PMCID: PMC8198265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) associated with aortopathy is the most common congenital heart disease in the general population. Far from being a simple harmless valve malformation, it can be a complex and heterogeneous disease and a source of chronic and acute pathology (early valvular disease, aneurysm, dissection). In the previous years, intense research has been carried out to find out and understand its mechanisms, but the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully understood and many questions remain open. Recent studies have discovered several genetic mutations involved in the development of valvular and aortic malformations, but still cannot explain more than 5–10% of cases. Other studies have also focused on molecular alterations and cellular processes (TGF-β pathway, microRNAs, degradation of the extracellular matrix, metalloproteinases, etc.), being a field in constant search and development, looking for a therapeutic target to prevent the development of the disease. Increased knowledge about this multifaceted disorder, derived from both basic and clinical research, may influence the diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis, and therapies of affected patients in the near future. This review focuses on the latest and outstanding developments on the molecular and genetic investigations of the bicuspid aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Junco-Vicente
- Cardiology Department, Heart Area, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Álvaro del Río-García
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - María Martín
- Cardiology Department, Heart Area, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (I.R.)
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13
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Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B. Impaired regulatory T cell control of astroglial overdrive and microglial pruning in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:637-653. [PMID: 33713699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely held that schizophrenia involves an active process of peripheral inflammation that induces or reflects brain inflammation with activation of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. However, recent in vivo radioligand binding studies and large-scale transcriptomics in post-mortem brain report reduced markers of microglial inflammation. The findings suggest a contrary hypothesis; that microglia are diverted into their non-inflammatory synaptic remodelling phenotype that interferes with neurodevelopment and perhaps contributes to the relapsing nature of schizophrenia. Recent discoveries on the regulatory interactions between micro- and astroglial cells and immune regulatory T cells (Tregs) cohere with clinical omics data to suggest that: i) disinhibited astrocytes mediate the shift in microglial phenotype via the production of transforming growth factor-beta, which also contributes to the disturbances of dopamine and GABA function in schizophrenia, and ii) systemically impaired functioning of Treg cells contributes to the dysregulation of glial function, the low-grade peripheral inflammation, and the hitherto unexplained predisposition to auto-immunity and reduced life-expectancy in schizophrenia, including greater COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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14
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Zou J, Li C, Jiang S, Luo L, Yan X, Huang D, Luo Z. AMPK inhibits Smad3-mediated autoinduction of TGF-β1 in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2806-2815. [PMID: 33538080 PMCID: PMC7957200 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that adenine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)‐triggered Smad3 phosphorylation. Here we report that AMPK inhibits TGF‐β1 production. First, metformin reduced mRNA levels of TGF‐β1 in gastric cancer cells, in parallel to the decrease of its protein abundance. The effects were more prominent in the cells containing LKB1, an upstream kinase of AMPK. Second, knockdown of Smad3 by siRNA abrogated the expression of TGF‐β1. Third, metformin suppressed firefly luciferase activity whose transcription was driven by TGF‐β1 promoter. In accordance, deletion of the putative binding site of Smad3 in the TGF‐β1 promoter region severely impaired the promoter activity and response to metformin. Fourth, in support of our in vitro study, clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes with metformin significantly reduced the plasma level of TGF‐β1. Finally, immunohistochemical studies revealed that TGF‐β1 was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues. In contrast, p‐AMPK exhibited opposite changes. Furthermore, the survival rate of gastric cancer patients was positively correlated with p‐AMPK and negative with TGF‐β1. Therefore, our present studies depict a mechanism underlying AMPK suppression of TGF‐β1 autoinduction, which is mediated through inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation and activation. Collectively, our study sheds a light on the potential usage of AMPK activators in the treatment of TGF‐β1‐mediated gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Pharmacy Department, Xiangyang Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Plazak ME, Hankinson SJ, Sorensen EN, Reed BN, Ravichandran B, Ton VK. Novel Use of Tamoxifen to Reduce Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:484-491. [PMID: 33175315 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a frequent complication in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). We retrospectively evaluated eight patients implanted with a HeartWare LVAD between July 2017 and June 2020 who experienced at least one episode of GIB and were started on tamoxifen 20 mg once daily for secondary prevention. Tamoxifen was associated with a significant decrease in major GIB from a median of 3 (IQR 1.4-7) events/patient-year pre-tamoxifen initiation to 0 (IQR 0-0.9) events/patient-year post-tamoxifen initiation (p = 0.02). Transfusion of packed red blood cells also decreased from 16.8 (IQR 9.9-30.6) units/patient-year pre-tamoxifen initiation to 1.5 (IQR 0-7.5) units/patient-year post-tamoxifen (p = 0.04). Tamoxifen was well tolerated and no thromboembolic complications were observed. This small cohort study suggests that tamoxifen is associated with reduced GIB and transfusion requirements, with no apparent increase in thrombotic risk. A larger, randomized study is warranted to confirm the results of this exploratory analysis. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Plazak
- University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Stephen J Hankinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik N Sorensen
- Division of Perioperative Services, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent N Reed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bharath Ravichandran
- University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Van-Khue Ton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Xin JJ, Dai QF, Lu FY, Zhao YX, Liu Q, Cui JJ, Xu DS, Bai WZ, Jing XH, Gao JH, Yu XC. Antihypertensive and Antifibrosis Effects of Acupuncture at PC6 Acupoints in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32982761 PMCID: PMC7480262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term hypertension can lead to both structural and functional impairments of the myocardium. Reversing left ventricular (LV) myocardial fibrosis has been considered as a key goal for curing chronic hypertension and has been a hot field of research in recent years. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6 on hypertension-induced myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Thirty SHRs were randomized into model, SHR + EA, and SHR + Sham EA groups with WKY rats as a normal control. EA was applied once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. The cardiac fibrosis as well as the underlying mechanisms were investigated. After 8 weeks of EA treatment at PC6, the enhanced myocardial fibrosis in SHRs was characterized by an increased ratio of left ventricular mass index (LVMI), collagen volume fraction (CVF), and elevated content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) as well as the upregulated expression of collagen I and collagen III in myocardium tissue of SHRs. All these abnormal alterations in the SHR + EA group were significantly lower compared to the model group. In addition, EA at PC6 significantly improved the pathological changes of myocardial morphology. Meanwhile, the increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in the serum or heart tissue of SHRs were also markedly diminished by EA. These results suggest that EA at bilateral PC6 could ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in SHRs, which might be mediated by the regulation of the Ang II – TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Xin
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Fu Dai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yan Lu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hong Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Smadja DM, Chocron R, Rossi E, Poitier B, Pya Y, Bekbossynova M, Peronino C, Rancic J, Roussel JC, Kindo M, Gendron N, Migliozzi L, Capel A, Perles JC, Gaussem P, Ivak P, Jansen P, Girard C, Carpentier A, Latremouille C, Guerin C, Netuka I. Autoregulation of Pulsatile Bioprosthetic Total Artificial Heart is Involved in Endothelial Homeostasis Preservation. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1313-1322. [PMID: 32688422 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile Carmat bioprosthetic total artificial heart (C-TAH) is designed to be implanted in patients with biventricular end-stage heart failure. Since flow variation might contribute to endothelial dysfunction, we explored circulating endothelial biomarkers after C-TAH implantation in seven patients and compared the manual and autoregulated mode. Markers of endothelial dysfunction and regeneration were compared before and during a 6- to 9-month follow-up after implantation. The follow-up was divided into three periods (< 3, 3-6, and > 6 months) and used to estimate the temporal trends during the study period. A linear mixed model was used to analyze repeated measures and association between tested parameters according to the mode of C-TAH and the time. Relevance of soluble endoglin (sEndoglin) level increase has been tested on differentiation and migration potential of human vasculogenic progenitor cells (endothelial colony forming cells [ECFCs]). Normal sEndoglin and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) levels were found in patients after implantation with autoregulated C-TAH, whereas they significantly increased in the manual mode, as compared with pretransplant values (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In the autoregulated mode, a significant increase in the mobilization of cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 was found (p = 0.03). After adjustment on the mode of C-TAH, creatinine or C-reactive protein level, sEndoglin, and sEPCR, were found significantly associated with plasma total protein levels. Moreover, a significant decrease in pseudotubes formation and migration ability was observed in vitro in ECFCs receiving sEndoglin activation. Our combined analysis of endothelial biomarkers confirms the favorable impact of blood flow variation achieved with autoregulation in patients implanted with the bioprosthetic total artificial heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smadja
- Inserm UMR-S 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service d'Hématologie et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Richard Chocron
- Inserm UMR-S 970 PARCC, Service d'urgences, Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Poitier
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yuri Pya
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Christophe Peronino
- Inserm UMR-S 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service d'Hématologie et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Rancic
- Inserm UMR-S 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service d'Hématologie et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christian Roussel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Unité de transplantation thoracique, CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Nord Laënnec, Saint-Herblain, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Michel Kindo
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, NHC - Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, Place de L'Hôpital, Strasbourg, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Inserm UMR-S 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service d'Hématologie et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludovica Migliozzi
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Gaussem
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service d'Hématologie, Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Peter Ivak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Claude Girard
- Unité d'Anesthesie Réanimation Cardio-Vasculaire, CHU François Mitterrand, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Alain Carpentier
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian Latremouille
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque et Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirugicales (Fondation Carpentier), Université de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Guerin
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Plateforme de Cytométrie, Institut Curie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Netuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir induces renal fibrosis and dysfunction: role of platelet-derived TGF-β1 and intervention via antioxidant pathways. AIDS 2020; 34:989-1000. [PMID: 32167970 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with tubular injury and fibrosis occurs in HIV infection treated with certain protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapies. The pathophysiology is unclear. DESIGN We hypothesized that fibrosis, mediated by platelet-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, underlies protease inhibitor-associated CKD. We induced this in mice exposed to the protease inhibitor ritonavir (RTV), and intervened with low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide (CO), activating erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-associated antioxidant pathways. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient in platelet TGF-β1, were given RTV (10 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 8 weeks. Select groups were exposed to CO (250 ppm) for 4 h after RTV or vehicle injection. Renal disorder, fibrosis, and TGF-β1-based and Nrf2-based signaling were examined by histology, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Renal damage and dysfunction were assessed by KIM-1 and cystatin C ELISAs. Clinical correlations were sought among HIV-infected individuals. RESULTS RTV-induced glomerular and tubular injury, elevating urinary KIM-1 (P = 0.004). It enhanced TGF-β1-related signaling, accompanied by kidney fibrosis, macrophage polarization to an inflammatory phenotype, and renal dysfunction with cystatin C elevation (P = 0.008). Mice lacking TGF-β1 in platelets were partially protected from these abnormalities. CO inhibited RTV-induced fibrosis and macrophage polarization in association with upregulation of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Clinically, HIV infection correlated with elevated cystatin C levels in untreated women (n = 17) vs. age-matched controls (n = 19; P = 0.014). RTV-treated HIV+ women had further increases in cystatin C (n = 20; P = 0.05), with parallel elevation of HO-1. CONCLUSION Platelet TGF-β1 contributes to RTV-induced kidney fibrosis and dysfunction, which may be amenable to antioxidant interventions.
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19
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Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Dolińska B. The Role of Hormones and Trophic Factors as Components of Preservation Solutions in Protection of Renal Function before Transplantation: A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2020; 25:E2185. [PMID: 32392782 PMCID: PMC7248710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is currently a routine method for treating end-stage organ failure. In recent years, there has been some progress in the development of an optimal composition of organ preservation solutions, improving the vital functions of the organ and allowing to extend its storage period until implantation into the recipient. Optimizations are mostly based on commercial solutions, routinely used to store grafts intended for transplantation. The paper reviews hormones with a potential nephroprotective effect, which were used to modify the composition of renal perfusion and preservation solutions. Their effectiveness as ingredients of preservation solutions was analysed based on a literature review. Hormones and trophic factors are innovative preservation solution supplements. They have a pleiotropic effect and affect normal renal function. The expression of receptors for melatonin, prolactin, thyrotropin, corticotropin, prostaglandin E1 and trophic factors was confirmed in the kidneys, which suggests that they are a promising therapeutic target for renal IR (ischemia-reperfusion) injury. They can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, limiting IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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20
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Bowler S, Siriwardhana C, Mitchell BI, D'Antoni ML, Ogata-Arakaki D, Souza S, Yee R, Gangcuangco LMA, Chow DC, Ndhlovu LC, Shikuma C. Cenicriviroc, a dual CCR2 and CCR5 antagonist leads to a reduction in plasma fibrotic biomarkers in persons living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. HIV Res Clin Pract 2020; 20:123-129. [PMID: 32013805 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2020.1719319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic HIV is associated with increased inflammation and tissue fibrosis despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monocytes and macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, facilitated by chemokine receptor interactions.Methods: We assessed systemic fibrotic biomarkers (transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1], thrombospondin-1 [TSP-1], C-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type I [CICP], and IL-11) in banked plasma from a previously published 24-week open-label trial of cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, among persons living with HIV (PLWH) on stable ART with undetectable plasma HIV RNA (<50 copies/mL). Fibrotic markers were assessed by ELISA and Luminex. Untreated HIV-seronegative individuals (n = 6) of similar age and demographics served as a comparator group.Results: Median age of PLWH was 55 years. At baseline, PLWH had higher median TGF-β1 (2.11 vs 1.62 ng/mL, p = 0.01), TSP-1 (236.74 vs 83.29 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), and CICP (200.46 vs 111.28 ng/mL, p = 0.01), but lower IL-11 (36.00 vs 53.74 pg/mL, p = 0.01) compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Over 24 weeks, median TGF-β1 (-0.74 ng/mL, p = 0.006), TSP-1 (-52.12 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), and CICP (-28.12 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) decreased and IL-11 (28.98 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) increased in PLWH. At week 24, TGF-β1, CICP, and IL-11 were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05), while TSP-1 remained elevated in PLWH (p = 0.009) compared to controls.Conclusions: PLWH had higher levels of the plasma fibrotic markers TGF-β1, TSP-1, and CICP. After 24 weeks of CVC, fibrotic markers generally returned to levels comparable to HIV-uninfected controls. Dual CCR2 and CCR5 blockade may ameliorate the detrimental fibrotic events that persist in treated HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bowler
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - C Siriwardhana
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - B I Mitchell
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - M L D'Antoni
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - D Ogata-Arakaki
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - S Souza
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - R Yee
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - L M A Gangcuangco
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - D C Chow
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - L C Ndhlovu
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - C Shikuma
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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21
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Brait VH, Miró-Mur F, Pérez-de-Puig I, Notario L, Hurtado B, Pedragosa J, Gallizioli M, Jiménez-Altayó F, Arbaizar-Rovirosa M, Otxoa-de-Amezaga A, Monteagudo J, Ferrer-Ferrer M, de la Rosa X, Bonfill-Teixidor E, Salas-Perdomo A, Hernández-Vidal A, Garcia-de-Frutos P, Lauzurica P, Planas AM. CD69 Plays a Beneficial Role in Ischemic Stroke by Dampening Endothelial Activation. Circ Res 2019; 124:279-291. [PMID: 30582456 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE CD69 is an immunomodulatory molecule induced during lymphocyte activation. Following stroke, T-lymphocytes upregulate CD69 but its function is unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether CD69 was involved in brain damage following an ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS We used adult male mice on the C57BL/6 or BALB/c backgrounds, including wild-type mice and CD69-/- mice, and CD69+/+ and CD69-/- lymphocyte-deficient Rag2-/- mice, and generated chimeric mice. We induced ischemia by transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. We measured infarct volume, assessed neurological function, and studied CD69 expression, as well as platelet function, fibrin(ogen) deposition, and VWF (von Willebrand factor) expression in brain vessels and VWF content and activity in plasma, and performed the tail-vein bleeding test and the carotid artery ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model. We also performed primary glial cell cultures and sorted brain CD45-CD11b-CD31+ endothelial cells for mRNA expression studies. We blocked VWF by intravenous administration of anti-VWF antibodies. CD69-/- mice showed larger infarct volumes and worse neurological deficits than the wild-type mice after ischemia. This worsening effect was not attributable to lymphocytes or other hematopoietic cells. CD69 deficiency lowered the time to thrombosis in the carotid artery despite platelet function not being affected. Ischemia upregulated Cd69 mRNA expression in brain endothelial cells. CD69-deficiency increased fibrin(ogen) accumulation in the ischemic tissue, and plasma VWF content and activity, and VWF expression in brain vessels. Blocking VWF reduced infarct volume and reverted the detrimental effect of CD69-/- deficiency. CONCLUSIONS CD69 deficiency promotes a prothrombotic phenotype characterized by increased VWF and worse brain damage after ischemic stroke. The results suggest that CD69 acts as a downregulator of endothelial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa H Brait
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Francesc Miró-Mur
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Isabel Pérez-de-Puig
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain
| | - Laura Notario
- Grupo de Activación Inmunológica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (L.N., P.L.)
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation (B.H., P.G.-d.-F.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain
| | - Jordi Pedragosa
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (F.J.A.)
| | - Maria Arbaizar-Rovirosa
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Amaia Otxoa-de-Amezaga
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Juan Monteagudo
- Hemotherapy and Haemostasis Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.)
| | - Maura Ferrer-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain
| | - Ester Bonfill-Teixidor
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Angélica Salas-Perdomo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Alba Hernández-Vidal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
| | - Pablo Garcia-de-Frutos
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation (B.H., P.G.-d.-F.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain
| | - Pilar Lauzurica
- Grupo de Activación Inmunológica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (L.N., P.L.)
| | - Anna M Planas
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.)
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22
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Varshney R, Murphy B, Woolington S, Ghafoory S, Chen S, Robison T, Ahamed J. Inactivation of platelet-derived TGF-β1 attenuates aortic stenosis progression in a robust murine model. Blood Adv 2019; 3:777-788. [PMID: 30846427 PMCID: PMC6418501 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018025817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a degenerative heart condition characterized by fibrosis and narrowing of aortic valves (AV), resulting in high wall shear stress (WSS) across valves. AS is associated with high plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which can be activated by WSS to induce organ fibrosis, but the cellular source of TGF-β1 is not clear. Here, we show that platelet-derived TGF-β1 plays an important role in AS progression. We first established an aggressive and robust murine model of AS, using the existing Ldlr -/- Apob100/100 (LDLR) breed of mice, and accelerated AS progression by feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD). We then captured very high resolution images of AV movement and thickness and of blood flow velocity across the AV, using a modified ultrasound imaging technique, which revealed early evidence of AS and distinguished different stages of AS progression. More than 90% of LDLR animals developed AS within 6 months of HFD. Scanning electron microscopy and whole-mount immunostaining imaging of AV identified activated platelets physically attached to valvular endothelial cells (VEC) expressing high phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2). To test the contribution of platelet-derived TGF-β1 in AS, we derived LDLR mice lacking platelet TGF-β1 (TGF-β1platelet-KO-LDLR) and showed reduced AS progression and lower p-Smad2 and myofibroblasts in their AV compared with littermate controls fed the HFD for 6 months. Our data suggest that platelet-derived TGF-β1 triggers AS progression by inducing signaling in VEC, and their subsequent transformation into collagen-producing-myofibroblasts. Thus, inhibiting platelet-derived TGF-β1 might attenuate or prevent fibrotic diseases characterized by platelet activation and high WSS, such as AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Varshney
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Brennah Murphy
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Sean Woolington
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Shahrouz Ghafoory
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Sixia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Tyler Robison
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
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23
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Laurence J, Elhadad S, Ahamed J. HIV-associated cardiovascular disease: importance of platelet activation and cardiac fibrosis in the setting of specific antiretroviral therapies. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000823. [PMID: 30018781 PMCID: PMC6045710 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This risk is accentuated by certain combination antiretroviral therapies (cARTs), independent of their effects on lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We sought to define potential mechanisms for this association through systematic review of clinical and preclinical studies of CVD in the setting of HIV/cART from the English language literature from 1989 to March 2018. We used PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar, and conference abstracts for the years 2015-March 2018. We uncovered three themes: (1) a critical role for the HIV protease inhibitor (PI) ritonavir and certain other PI-based regimens. (2) The importance of platelet activation. Virtually all PIs, and one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, abacavir, activate platelets, but a role for this phenomenon in clinical CVD risk may require additional postactivation processes, including: release of platelet transforming growth factor-β1; induction of oxidative stress with production of reactive oxygen species from vascular cells; suppression of extracellular matrix autophagy; and/or sustained proinflammatory signalling, leading to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis may underlie an apparent shift in the character of HIV-linked CVD over the past decade from primarily left ventricular systolic to diastolic dysfunction, possibly driven by cART. (3) Recognition of the need for novel interventions. Switching from cART regimens based on PIs to contemporary antiretroviral agents such as the integrase strand transfer inhibitors, which have not been linked to clinical CVD, may not mitigate CVD risk assumed under prior cART. In conclusion, attention to the effects of specific antiretroviral drugs on platelet activation and related profibrotic signalling pathways should help: guide selection of appropriate anti-HIV therapy; assist in evaluation of CVD risk related to novel antiretrovirals; and direct appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Laurence
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Elhadad
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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24
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HIV protease inhibitor-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis is mediated by platelet-derived TGF-β1 and can be suppressed by exogenous carbon monoxide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187185. [PMID: 29088262 PMCID: PMC5663426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This risk is magnified by certain antiretrovirals, particularly the protease inhibitor ritonavir, but the pathophysiology of this connection is unknown. We postulated that a major mechanism for antiretroviral-associated cardiac disease is pathologic fibrosis linked to platelet activation with release and activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and that these changes could be modeled in a murine system. We also sought to intervene utilizing inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) as proof-of-concept for therapeutics capable of regulating TGF-β1 signaling and collagen autophagy. We demonstrate decreased cardiac function indices, including cardiac output, ejection fraction and stroke volume, and prominent cardiac fibrosis, in mice exposed to pharmacological doses of ritonavir. Cardiac output and fibrosis correlated with plasma TGF-β1 levels. Mice with targeted deletion of TGF-β1 in megakaryocytes/platelets (PF4CreTgfb1flox/flox) were partially protected from ritonavir-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. Inhalation of low dose CO (250ppm), used as a surrogate for upregulation of inducible heme oxygenase/endogenous CO pathways, suppressed ritonavir-induced cardiac fibrosis. This occurred in association with modulation of canonical (Smad2) and non-canonical (p38) TGF-β1 signaling pathways. In addition, CO treatment suppressed the M1 pro-inflammatory subset of macrophages and increased M2c regulatory cells in the hearts of RTV-exposed animals. The effects of CO were dependent upon autophagy as CO did not mitigate ritonavir-induced fibrosis in autophagy-deficient LC3-/- mice. These results suggest that platelet-derived TGF-β1 contributes to ritonavir-associated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, extending the relevance of our findings to other antiretrovirals that also activate platelets. The anti-fibrotic effects of CO are linked to alterations in TGF-β1 signaling and autophagy, suggesting a proof-of-concept for novel interventions in HIV/antiretroviral therapy-mediated cardiovascular disease.
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