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Michishita M, Ochiai K, Nakahira R, Azakami D, Machida Y, Nagashima T, Nakagawa T, Ishiwata T. mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in canine mammary carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100602. [PMID: 36816969 PMCID: PMC9931192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary adenocarcinoma, the most common cancer in female dogs, often exhibits the lymph node and lung metastases and has a higher mortality rate. However, mammary adenocarcinoma has no established treatment, except early surgical excision. Canine mammary carcinoma has many common features with human mammary carcinoma, including clinical characteristics, heterogeneity, and genetic aberrations, making it an excellent spontaneous tumor model for human breast cancer. Diverse cancers comprised heterogeneous cell populations originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal ability. Therefore, in addition to conventional therapy, therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are essential for cancer eradication. The present study aimed to extract inhibitors of canine mammary CSCs that suppress their self-renewal ability. Sphere-formation assay, which evaluates self-renewal ability, was performed for the canine mammary cancer cell lines CTBp and CNMp. The spheres formed in this assay were used in inhibitor library screening, which identified various signaling pathways such as proteosome, stress inducer, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study focused on the mTOR signaling pathway. Western blotting showed higher levels of phosphorylated mTOR in sphere-forming CTBp and CNMp cells than in adherent cells. Drug sensitivity examination using the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus revealed dose-dependent reductions in viability among both sphere-forming cells and adherent cells. Expression of phosphorylated mTOR in adherent and sphere-forming cells decreased by everolimus and temsirolimus treatment. In mice transplanted with CTBp-derived spheres, everolimus treatment significantly decreased tumor volume compared to control. These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway may be a potential to be a therapeutic target in both cancer cells and CSCs. Novel therapeutic strategies for canine mammary carcinoma are expected to benefit to human breast carcinoma as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Masaki Michishita,
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Nakahira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Canine Melanomas as Models for Human Melanomas: Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Comparison. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070501. [PMID: 31262050 PMCID: PMC6678806 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent genetic advances and numerous ongoing therapeutic trials, malignant melanoma remains fatal, and prognostic factors as well as more efficient treatments are needed. The development of such research strongly depends on the availability of appropriate models recapitulating all the features of human melanoma. The concept of comparative oncology, with the use of spontaneous canine models has recently acquired a unique value as a translational model. Canine malignant melanomas are naturally occurring cancers presenting striking homologies with human melanomas. As for many other cancers, dogs present surprising breed predispositions and higher frequency of certain subtypes per breed. Oral melanomas, which are much more frequent and highly severe in dogs and cutaneous melanomas with severe digital forms or uveal subtypes are subtypes presenting relevant homologies with their human counterparts, thus constituting close models for these human melanoma subtypes. This review addresses how canine and human melanoma subtypes compare based on their epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics, and how comparative oncology approaches can provide insights into rare and poorly characterized melanoma subtypes in humans that are frequent and breed-specific in dogs. We propose canine malignant melanomas as models for rare non-UV-induced human melanomas, especially mucosal melanomas. Naturally affected dogs offer the opportunity to decipher the genetics at both germline and somatic levels and to explore therapeutic options, with the dog entering preclinical trials as human patients, benefiting both dogs and humans.
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Li P, Wang J, Chen G, Zhang X, Lin D, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Liu W, Zhang D. Oncolytic activity of canine distemper virus in canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:174-183. [PMID: 30756476 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), bearing a close resemblance to measles virus, represents a promising candidate for oncolytic therapy; however, its application and underlying oncolytic mechanisms in canine mammary carcinoma cells remain to be explored. Here, we found that an attenuated canine distemper vaccine strain, CDV-L, efficiently infected and inhibited the growth of canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma CIPp cells but not MDCK cells in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis of CDV-L-infected CIPp cells revealed substantially differentially expressed genes in apoptotic and NF-κB signalling pathways. Subsequent validations confirmed that CDV-L-induced apoptosis of CIPp cells through the caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathway. Identification of phosphorylated-IκBα, phosphorylated-p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65 confirmed the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway abrogated CDV-L-induced cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. In a CIPp subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, intratumoural injections of CDV-L significantly restricted tumour growth without apparent pathology, and virus remained localized within the tumour. Taken altogether, these findings indicate that CDV-L exerts an antitumour effect in CIPp cells, and that apoptosis and the NF-κB pathway play essential roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jigui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Degui Lin
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongle Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Hernandez B, Adissu HA, Wei BR, Michael HT, Merlino G, Simpson RM. Naturally Occurring Canine Melanoma as a Predictive Comparative Oncology Model for Human Mucosal and Other Triple Wild-Type Melanomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E394. [PMID: 29385676 PMCID: PMC5855616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains mostly an untreatable fatal disease despite advances in decoding cancer genomics and developing new therapeutic modalities. Progress in patient care would benefit from additional predictive models germane for human disease mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic responses. Toward this aim, this review documents comparative aspects of human and naturally occurring canine melanomas. Clinical presentation, pathology, therapies, and genetic alterations are highlighted in the context of current basic and translational research in comparative oncology. Somewhat distinct from sun exposure-related human cutaneous melanomas, there is growing evidence that a variety of gene copy number alterations and protein structure/function mutations play roles in canine melanomas, in circumstances more analogous to human mucosal melanomas and to some extent other melanomas with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), and neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor NF1 triple wild-type genotype. Gaps in canine genome annotation, as well as an insufficient number and depth of sequences covered, remain considerable barriers to progress and should be collectively addressed. Preclinical approaches can be designed to include canine clinical trials addressing immune modulation as well as combined-targeted inhibition of Rat Sarcoma Superfamily/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) and/or Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal transduction, pathways frequently activated in both human and canine melanomas. Future investment should be aimed towards improving understanding of canine melanoma as a predictive preclinical surrogate for human melanoma and for mutually benefiting these uniquely co-dependent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Hernandez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bih-Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
| | - Helen T Michael
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- NIH Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Positioning of proteasome inhibitors in therapy of solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 81:227-243. [PMID: 29184971 PMCID: PMC5778165 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of the protein degradation pathway, in particular, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, has emerged as an attractive novel cancer chemotherapeutic modality. Although proteasome inhibitors have been most successfully applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies, they also received continuing interest for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current positioning of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of common solid malignancies (e.g., lung, colon, pancreas, breast, and head and neck cancer), addressing topics of their mechanism(s) of action, predictive factors and molecular mechanisms of resistance.
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Ito K, Miyamoto R, Tani H, Kurita S, Kobayashi M, Tamura K, Bonkobara M. Effect of dasatinib in a xenograft mouse model of canine histiocytic sarcoma and in vitro expression status of its potential target EPHA2. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:e45-e48. [PMID: 28833247 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor. Previously, the kinase inhibitor dasatinib was shown to have potent growth inhibitory activity against HS cells in vitro, possibly via targeting the EPHA2 receptor. Here, the in vivo effect of dasatinib in HS cells was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the expression status of EPHA2 was examined in six HS cell lines, ranging from insensitive to highly sensitive to dasatinib. In the HS xenograft mouse model, dasatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth, as illustrated by a decrease in mitotic and Ki67 indices and an increase in apoptotic index in tumor tissues. On Western blot analysis, EPHA2 was only weakly detected in all HS cell lines, regardless of sensitivity to dasatinib. Dasatinib likely results in the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth via a mechanism other than targeting EPHA2. The findings of this study suggest that dasatinib is a targeted therapy drug worthy of further exploration for the treatment of canine HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Miyamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kurita
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tamura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Bonkobara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Bonkobara M. Dysregulation of tyrosine kinases and use of imatinib in small animal practice. Vet J 2015; 205:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ishikawa S, Takemitsu H, Li G, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Short communication: molecular characterization of dog and cat p65 subunits of NF-kappaB. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:145-8. [PMID: 25770673 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays an important role in the immune system. The p65 subunit is an important part of NF-κB unit, and studies of dog and cat p65 subunits of NF-κB (dp65 and cp65) are important in understanding their immune function. In this study, we described the molecular characterization of dp65 and cp65. The dp65 and cp65 complementary DNA encoded 542 and 555 amino acids, respectively, showing a high sequence homology with the mammalian p65 subunit (>87.5%). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the p65 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the dog stomach and cat heart and adipose tissue. Functional NF-κB promoter-luciferase reporter vectors revealed that our isolated dp65 and cp65 cDNA encodes a functionally active protein. Transiently expressed dp65 and cp65 up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in dog and cat, respectively. These findings suggest that dp65 and cp65 play important roles in regulating immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ishikawa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemitsu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Gebin Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mori
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Chon E, Flanagan B, de Sá Rodrigues LC, Piskun C, Stein TJ. 6-Bromoindirubin-3'oxime (BIO) decreases proliferation and migration of canine melanoma cell lines. Vet J 2014; 205:305-12. [PMID: 25130776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor in dogs and is associated with a poor outcome. Novel, targeted agents are necessary to improve survival. In this study, 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor with reported specificity for glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibition, was evaluated in vitro in three canine melanoma cell lines (CML-10C2, UCDK9M2, and UCDK9M3) for β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity, Axin2 gene and protein expression levels, cell proliferation, chemotoxicity, migration and invasion assays. BIO treatment of canine malignant melanoma cell lines at 5 µM for 72 h enhanced β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity, suggesting GSK-3β inhibition, and reduced cell proliferation and migration. There were no significant effects on invasion, chemotoxicity, or apoptosis. The results suggest that serine/threonine kinases may be viable therapeutic targets for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brandi Flanagan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lucas Campos de Sá Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline Piskun
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Reisman SA. Bortezomib: a therapeutic resource for the veterinary oncologist? Vet J 2013; 198:543-4. [PMID: 24210275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Reisman
- Reata Pharmaceuticals, 2801 Gateway Dr. Ste 150, Irving, TX 75063, USA.
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