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Sarangi LN, Surendra KSNL, Rana SK, Thodangala N, Prasad A, Muthappa PN, Sharma GK. Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes in different epidemiological scenarios. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 195:106449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sarangi LN, Chandrasekhar Reddy RV, Rana SK, Naveena T, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Sero-diagnostic efficacy of various ELISA kits for diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle and buffaloes in India. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110324. [PMID: 34583139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is an economically important viral pathogen affecting cattle and buffaloes. Serological assays are mostly used for detection of the antibodies, but variation has been detected in the diagnostic performances of the individual assay. In the present study, four commercially available ELISA kits {two indirect ELISA (kits A and B) and two blocking ELISA (kits C and D)} were evaluated for the detection of antibodies against BoHV-1 in Indian cattle and buffaloes (fitness of purpose). The diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) of these kits were determined by three ways; considering virus neutralization test (VNT) as gold standard test, using pre-test information of the samples, and majority of tests. Screening of 200 known negative sera (124 cattle, 76 buffaloes) sourced from IBR free farms revealed gB based ELISA kits are more specific than the indirect ELISA kits. Testing of 125 known positive sera (81 cattle, 44 buffaloes) suggests kit B be most sensitive followed by kit C, A and D. Interestingly, kit D was found to be most sensitive for detection of vaccination-induced BoHV-1 antibodies followed by kit B. Similar trend were also observed in the limit of dilution experiment performed using known infected and vaccinated sera. VNT was found to be the most specific test and its use as the gold standard test revealed all kits to have more than 99 % sensitivity. All the ELISA kits could detect BoHV-1 specific antibodies in the IBR vaccinated calves as early as 11 days post-vaccination. In Kappa statistics, an almost perfect agreement between the ELISA kits was recorded. The overall performance of the kits in serodiagnosis of IBR as determined by the area under curve in ROC analysis was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Samir Kumar Rana
- National Dairy Development Board, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Thodangala Naveena
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
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Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Olsen SC, Crawford LS, Fuentes A, Kostovic M, Boggiatto PM. Influence of species of negative control sera on results of a brucellosis fluorescence polarization assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:67-72. [PMID: 33213290 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720970888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated serologic responses of cattle, bison, elk, and swine representing negative control, early vaccination (4-8 wk), late vaccination (21-28 wk) or booster vaccination, early after-experimental challenge (2-4 wk), and late after-experimental challenge (8-21 wk), in a brucellosis fluorescence polarization assay (FPA; n = 10 sera per species per treatment) using negative control sera from cattle, bison, elk, and swine (n = 5 per species). Sera from cattle shedding Brucella abortus strain RB51 in milk were also evaluated against the 20 negative control sera. The species of negative control sera used in the FPA could increase (p < 0.05) delta millipolarization (mP; delta mP = sample mP - negative control mP) results. In general, the species of negative control sera did not alter the interpretation of FPA results in control, vaccinated, or infected animals. Even after repeated RB51 vaccinations in bison, cattle, or elk, or in cattle shedding RB51 in milk, serologic results from the FPA remained negative. Species differences in FPA results were noted; elk developed robust humoral responses very quickly after infection that resulted in strong positive FPA results. In cattle and bison, humoral responses appeared to develop over a longer period of time, and greater delta mP values were detected at later times after infection. Sensitivity of the FPA for detecting infected animals was greatest for elk in early challenge samples and bison in late challenge samples. Our data suggest that species of origin of negative control sera does not influence interpretation of the FPA in natural hosts of Brucella abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Olsen
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA
| | - Lauren S Crawford
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA
| | - Antonio Fuentes
- Montana Department of Livestock, Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Bozeman, MT
| | | | - Paola M Boggiatto
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA
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Bouchemla F, Agoltsov VA, Veselovsky SY, Larionov SV, Popova OM, Krivenko DV. Clinical results of an inactivated anti- brucella vaccine in combination with immunomodulators. Vet World 2020; 13:758-763. [PMID: 32546922 PMCID: PMC7245724 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.758-763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to obtain a vaccine against animal brucellosis having high immunogenic properties by carrying an evaluation of the effectiveness of split-conjugated animal brucellosis vaccine combined with fosprenil and polypeptide C as a molecular immunomodulatory adjuvant according to the results of serological studies of the blood of animals: Agglutination reaction, complement fixation, and rose Bengal sample. Materials and Methods Eighteen calves of Holstein Friesians breed, aged 5 months, with a living weight of 100-150 kg, were divided into three groups of six animals each. All animals were healthy and they received a prophylactic vaccination against brucellosis. The dry split-conjugated vaccine against brucellosis in animals was dissolved in saline and for this purpose, 10 ml of saline was poured into the vaccine vial. Then the content was mixed, and afterward 1 ml was used per animal. Fosprenil was used at the rate of 1 kg of animal weight: 100 kg (calf weight) was multiplied by 0.05 (dose/1 kg of animal weight); 5 ml of fosprenil was obtained, which was collected into disposable syringes and intramuscularly sterilely injected into the croup area.Calves in the first group (control) were intramuscularly injected with the vaccine at a dose of 1.0 ml, and fosprenil at a dose of 5.0 ml was administered intramuscularly once to the croup area. Animals from the second group were subcutaneously immunized by the vaccine with polypeptide C at a dose of 1.0 ml. Polypeptide C is a solution that was poured into a vial with a vaccine at a dose of 10.0 ml, the content was mixed, and then calves were injected subcutaneously into the middle third of the neck in 1 ml (10 doses in a vial).Immunization of calves in the third group was carried out with a vaccine, diluted with an isotonic sodium chloride solution of 0.9%, at a dose of 1.0 ml subcutaneously once. At the 14th, 30th, and 90th days after vaccination, a blood sampling was taken for serological tests: Agglutination test, complement fixation test, and rose Bengal test. Results After conducting serological studies, it was noted that split-conjugated vaccine against animal brucellosis using fosprenil forms antibodies in large titers and they persist for a longer time in the body of animals compared to the other tested vaccine: The first combination with the immunomodulatory polypeptide C and the vaccine only on the physiological solution. Conclusion The developed complex of split-conjugated vaccine against brucellosis in animals enhances the humoral immune response of the organism against brucellosis and improves the protection of animals against the disease when it is used with the immunomodulatory fosprenil. In the future, we want to expand the use of the resulting complex in the fight against brucellosis on a larger population and to study the change in cellular immunity after the introduction of the resulting complex on an animal organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayssal Bouchemla
- Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery Alexandrovich Agoltsov
- Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Stepan Yuryevich Veselovsky
- Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Sergey Vasilyevich Larionov
- Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga Mikhaylovna Popova
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Dmitry Valentinovich Krivenko
- Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
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Baruch J, Suanes A, Piaggio JM, Gil AD. Analytic Sensitivity of an ELISA Test on Pooled Sera Samples for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis in Eradication Stages in Uruguay. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:178. [PMID: 32373636 PMCID: PMC7179691 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis has been under eradication in Uruguay since 1998. The eradication program includes, among other interventions, individual sera sampling of beef animals at slaughter, and annual serum testing of all dairy cows—accounting for two million samples annually. At a herd prevalence of 0.8%, a pooled-sera sample approach could reduce the economic burden of the surveillance system by reducing the testing and operational costs. Our objective was to evaluate the analytic sensitivity of an indirect ELISA test for Brucella abortus in serum pools. Sixty-two Brucella abortus-positive bovine sera samples (based upon rose bengal and fluorescent polarization assay) were used as the positive control samples. Rose bengal-negative sera from negative farms were used to dilute the positive samples to the desired concentrations. Positive samples were diluted by using 1 ml of positive sera and 1 ml of negative sera (1/2 dilution) up to 1/1,024. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with a binary outcome (positive or negative), dilution number as a fixed effect, and a random effect for sample ID. Analytic sensitivity was 99.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.3–99.7], 98.3% (95% CI: 93.1–99.6), 97.3% (95% CI: 87.4–99.4) for dilutions 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8, respectively. The analytical sensitivity, however, decreased when diluted to greater proportions. Given the current herd prevalence in Uruguay, it seems plausible that the use of a pooled sample approach could be adopted by policymakers to reduce the cost of the surveillance program and increase the number of samples being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Baruch
- Departamento de Bioestadística, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Alejandra Suanes
- Departmento de Bacteriología, Dirección de Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose M Piaggio
- Departamento de Bioestadística, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andres D Gil
- Departamento de Bioestadística, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fero E, Juma A, Koni A, Boci J, Kirandjiski T, Connor R, Wareth G, Koleci X. The seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella species circulating in the beef cattle herds in Albania. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229741. [PMID: 32134953 PMCID: PMC7058276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic disease globally. It is endemic among bovines, sheep, and goats in Albania. The national control and eradication programs for brucellosis has been applied on sheep and goat farms as well as large dairy cattle farms, i.e., those with more than ten milking cows. The current study aims at estimating the herd and average individual animal prevalence of brucellosis in the national beef cattle herds, the missing information that was essential to propose the most appropriate control measures for this sub-population. Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used as serological tests and classical bacteriology for isolation. Results were also used to investigate the difference in sensitivity between the assays used. Methodology In total, 655 animals from 38 beef cattle herds from six southern districts of Albania were sampled. Sera were tested using RBT, FPA, and ELISA. Fifteen positive cows and a bull from eight high-prevalence positive herds were slaughtered, and particular tissue samples were collected for bacteriology. Results The overall herd seroprevalence in the tested beef cattle population was 55%, while the overall average within-herd prevalence (including only positive herds) was 38.3%, 42.7%, and 45.6% determined by the RBT, ELISA, and FPA, respectively. FPA was used for the first time in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Albania, and its sensitivity was higher than RBT and ELISA. Three B. abortus strains were identified, two from the supra-mammary lymph node of two cows and one from the epididymis of a seropositive bull. Conclusion Brucellosis was highly prevalent in beef cattle in the southern part of Albania, and B. abortus was isolated from this subpopulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first statistically based survey of bovine brucellosis in beef herds in Albania. Using the FPA in parallel with other serological tests improved overall diagnostic sensitivity. Test and slaughter policy is not a rational approach for the control of brucellosis in beef cattle in Albania, and vaccination is only applicable, including strict control of the movement of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Fero
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Arla Juma
- Animal Health Laboratory, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | - Anita Koni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jonida Boci
- Animal Health Laboratory, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Robert Connor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
- Animal Health Expert, ISUV, Tirana, Albania
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
- * E-mail:
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Foddai A, Floyd T, McGiven J, Grace K, Evans S. Evaluation of the English bovine brucellosis surveillance system considering probability of disease introduction and non-random sampling. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104927. [PMID: 32135412 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The English surveillance system for bovine brucellosis was evaluated. The confidence in detecting at least one infected herd in the local population (surveillance system sensitivity or SSe), and the confidence in freedom from disease (PFree) adjusted (PFreeAdj) for the probability of disease introduction from abroad by imported animals (PIntro), were estimated for quarterly surveillance periods of 2016; because dairy herds were tested quarterly on bulk tank milk (BTM) with an antibody indirect ELISA. A stochastic model was developed and six surveillance components (representing also the local population strata), were evaluated. All English herds and their relative risk (RRs) of infection within each stratum were considered. The importance of each component was assessed using actual national data, which reflected non-random sampling. The contribution of the abortions testing was assessed with particular focus, because a decline in statutory submissions was observed in recent years. Beef herds without submissions (B-NoTest herds) at the laboratories were still considered as a population stratum, where infected cattle could be imported. Additionally, we evaluated the importance of different hypothetical design between-herds prevalence (Ph) values, at which the country could be classified as "infected". The potential negative effect on SSe due to the dilution of antibodies when individual samples are pooled within BTM and tested by the milk iELISA, was also investigated. The quarterly median SSe and PFreeAdj were both ≥ 95 % if at least four (0.008 %) herds were infected in the country due to independent import events. The system appeared able to substantiate Official Brucellosis Free (OBF) status frequently (on quarterly basis) using Ph=0.2 % (EU legislation). The component based only on BTM testing (M herds) showed the highest sensitivity; while the surveillance components based on abortions or post import calving (PIC) testing, had very low sensitivity at the (considered) Ph values lower than 0.2 %. In contrast, at Ph = 0.2 %, components based on abortion testing had median sensitivity between 91.3 % and 99.9 %, and the dilution effect on BTM testing did not change remarkably the SSe and PFreeAdj. When Ph was set to 1-2 infected herds (0.002-0.004 %), these were usually allocated by the model within the B-NoTest stratum (the largest stratum) and SSe reduced. Thus, if policy considers necessary increasing the SSe for low Phs (system's optimization as an early warning system); the cost efficiency of active risk based surveillance in beef herds (considering imports) could be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Foddai
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addleston, United Kingdom.
| | - Tobias Floyd
- Department of Pathology (APHA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - John McGiven
- Department of Bacteriology (APHA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Grace
- Epidemiology and Risk (APHA), Nobel House, Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Evans
- Department of Bacteriology (APHA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
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Kalleshamurthy T, Skariah S, Rathore Y, Ramanjinappa KD, Nagaraj C, Shome BR, Rahman H, Barman NN, Shome R. Comparative evaluation of fluorescence polarization assay and competitive ELISA for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis vis-a-vis sero-monitoring. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 170:105858. [PMID: 32014437 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that constitutes a serious public health hazard which is caused by a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella. In the present study, two highly specific serological tests for brucellosis diagnosis, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) and competitive ELISA (cELISA) were standardized in the laboratory, evaluated and compared with rose bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect ELISA (iELISA) and commercial cELISA kit. For test evaluation, 1386 serum samples [apparently healthy animals (n = 260), samples from Brucella infected farms (n = 701) and B. abortus S19 vaccinated animals (n = 425)] were analyzed to assess suitable diagnostic test in B. abortus S19 post vaccinated bovine population. In apparently healthy brucellosis free farms, RBPT, iELISA, in-house FPA and cELISA were found to be highly specific than commercial cELISA. Commercial cELISA kit was comparatively more sensitive than other serological tests in samples collected from infected farms. The FPA showed sensitivity nearly equal to RBPT and in-house cELISA showed greater sensitivity than RBPT in infected farms. In animals with persistent vaccinal antibodies, only in-house FPA and cELISA recorded higher specificity of 87.64 and 90.27%, respectively. The other tests, RBPT and iELISA displayed similar reactivity with vaccine antibodies to that of infection antibodies whereas commercial cELISA kit showed an intermediate specificity of 47.69%. With these findings, RBPT, iELISA and cELISA are suggested for screening infected herds, and in-house developed FPA and cELISA tests with a proven specificity can be used for confirmatory diagnosis of brucellosis in B. abortus S19 post vaccinated animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India; Jain University, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560041; India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Yashaswini Rathore
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Kavana D Ramanjinappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Chaitra Nagaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Block-C, First Floor, NASC Complex, CG Centre, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
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Durán-Ferrer M, Agüero M, Zientara S, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Sailleau C, Smith S, Potgieter C, Rueda P, Sastre P, Monaco F, Villalba R, Tena-Tomás C, Batten C, Frost L, Flannery J, Gubbins S, Lubisi BA, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Emery M, Sturgill T, Ostlund E, Castillo-Olivares J. Assessment of reproducibility of a VP7 Blocking ELISA diagnostic test for African horse sickness. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:83-90. [PMID: 30070433 PMCID: PMC6378617 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory diagnosis of African horse sickness (AHS) is important for: (a) demonstrating freedom from infection in a population, animals or products for trade (b) assessing the efficiency of eradication policies; (c) laboratory confirmation of clinical diagnosis; (d) estimating the prevalence of AHS infection; and (e) assessing postvaccination immune status of individual animals or populations. Although serological techniques play a secondary role in the confirmation of clinical cases, their use is very important for all the other purposes due to their high throughput, ease of use and good cost-benefit ratio. The main objective of this study was to support the validation of AHS VP7 Blocking ELISA up to the Stage 3 of the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) assay validation pathway. To achieve this, a collaborative ring trial, which included all OIE Reference Laboratories and other AHS-specialist diagnostic centres, was conducted in order to assess the diagnostic performance characteristics of the VP7 Blocking ELISA. In this trial, a panel of sera of different epidemiological origin and infection status was used. Through this comprehensive evaluation we can conclude that the VP7 Blocking ELISA satisfies the OIE requirements of reproducibility. The VP7 Blocking ELISA, in its commercial version is ready to enter Stage 4 of the validation pathway (Programme Implementation). Specifically, this will require testing the diagnostic performance of the assay using contemporary serum samples collected during control campaigns in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Beck
- UMR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- UMR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Christiaan Potgieter
- Deltamune, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Estimating the probability of freedom from bovine brucellosis in the Galapagos Islands. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 147:e9. [PMID: 30229717 PMCID: PMC6518534 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that still burdens several countries in the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Although the disease is present in Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands seem to be free from the disease based on a survey conducted in 1997 where all tested animals showed negative results. This study aimed at estimating the probability of freedom from brucellosis in this Ecuadorian province in 2014. A survey was implemented on the three main cattle-producing islands of the province: Santa Cruz, Isabela and San Cristóbal. Thirty-three cattle farms and 410 cattle were tested for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA. All animals showed negative results for both tests. Probability of freedom was estimated at 98%, 91% and 88% for Santa Cruz, Isabela and San Cristóbal, respectively, considering a herd-level design seroprevalence of 20% and animal-level design seroprevalence of 15%, and assuming a perfect specificity of the survey. The negative results found in 1997 and present surveys suggest that the Galapagos Islands are free from bovine brucellosis.
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Yahyaoui Azami H, Ducrotoy MJ, Bouslikhane M, Hattendorf J, Thrusfield M, Conde- Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Muñoz Álvaro PM, Mick V, Bryssinckx W, Welburn SC, Zinsstag J. The prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in ruminants in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203360. [PMID: 30226847 PMCID: PMC6143194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are major endemic zoonoses in ruminants in Morocco that impact on both animal and human health. This study presents an assessment of the epidemiological and socioeconomic burden of bacterial zoonoses in Sidi Kacem Province in Northern Morocco from a cross-sectional survey of 125 cattle and/or small ruminant-owning households. In total, 1082 sheep and goats were examined from 81 households. The single intradermal comparative cervical test to screen for bovine tuberculosis was undertaken on 1194 cattle from 123 households and all cattle were blood sampled. Cattle and small ruminant sera were tested for brucellosis using the standard Rose Bengal Test (sRBT) and the modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT). Bacteriology was performed on 21 milk samples obtained from cattle that were seropositive for brucellosis for isolation and phenotyping of circulating Brucella strains. Individual and herd prevalence for BTB in cattle of 20.4% (95% CI 18%-23%) and 57.7% (95% CI 48%-66%), respectively, were observed in this study. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at individual and herd level was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2%-2.8%) and 9% (95% CI 4.5%-1.5%), respectively. Brucella pathogens were isolated from three cattle milk samples and were identified as B. abortus using Bruceladder® multiplex PCR and B. abortus biovar 1 by classical phenotyping. All small ruminants were seronegative to sRBT, two were positive to mRBT. A higher risk of BTB and brucellosis was observed in cattle in intensive livestock systems, in imported and crossed breeds and in animals from larger herds (>15). The three risk factors were usually present in the same herds, leading to higher transmission risk and persistence of both zoonoses. These results highlight the importance of implementing control strategies for both BTB and brucellosis to reduce productivity losses and the risk of transmission to humans. Prioritising control for BTB and brucellosis in intensive livestock production systems is essential for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui Azami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie J. Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Thrusfield
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Conde- Álvarez
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Muñoz Álvaro
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón– IA2 - (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Virginie Mick
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Sue C. Welburn
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lusk Pfefer TS, Timme R, Kase JA. Identification of Brucella genus and eight Brucella species by Luminex bead-based suspension array. Food Microbiol 2018; 70:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A systematic review of current immunological tests for the diagnosis of cattle brucellosis. Prev Vet Med 2018; 151:57-72. [PMID: 29496108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide extended zoonosis with a heavy economic and public health impact. Cattle, sheep and goats are infected by smooth Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, and represent a common source of the human disease. Brucellosis diagnosis in these animals is largely based on detection of a specific immunoresponse. We review here the immunological tests used for the diagnosis of cattle brucellosis. First, we discuss how the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp), balance should be adjusted for brucellosis diagnosis, and the difficulties that brucellosis tests specifically present for the estimation of DSe/DSp in frequentistic (gold standard) and Bayesian analyses. Then, we present a systematic review (PubMed, GoogleScholar and CABdirect) of works (154 out of 991; years 1960-August 2017) identified (by title and Abstract content) as DSe and DSp studies of smooth lipopolysaccharide, O-polysaccharide-core, native hapten and protein diagnostic tests. We summarize data of gold standard studies (n = 23) complying with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria with regards to test methodology and definition of the animals studied (infected and S19 or RB51 vaccinated cattle, and Brucella-free cattle affected or not by false positive serological reactions). We also discuss some studies (smooth lipopolysaccharide tests, protein antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity [skin] tests) that do not meet the criteria and yet fill some of the gaps in information. We review Bayesian studies (n = 5) and report that in most cases priors and assumptions on conditional dependence/independence are not coherent with the variable serological picture of the disease in different epidemiological scenarios and the bases (antigen, isotype and immunoglobulin properties involved) of brucellosis tests, practical experience and the results of gold standard studies. We conclude that very useful lipopolysaccharide (buffered plate antigen and indirect ELISA) and native hapten polysaccharide and soluble protein tests exist, provided they are applied taking into account the means available and the epidemiological contexts of this disease: i) mass vaccination; ii) elimination based on vaccination combined with test-and-slaughter; and iii) surveillance and existence of false positive serological reactions. We also conclude that the insistence in recent literature on the lack of usefulness of all smooth lipopolysaccharide or native hapten polysaccharide tests in areas where S19 vaccination is implemented is a misinterpretation that overlooks scientific and practical evidence.
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Zeng J, Duoji C, Yuan Z, Yuzhen S, Fan W, Tian L, Cai C, Robertson I. Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) in Tibet, China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ducrotoy MJ, Bardosh KL. How do you get the Rose Bengal Test at the point-of-care to diagnose brucellosis in Africa? The importance of a systems approach. Acta Trop 2017; 165:33-39. [PMID: 27725154 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major neglected zoonotic disease, whose burden both in animals and humans is severely under-reported. Diagnosis in humans identifies cases in order to treat the disease at the individual level. In animals diagnosis is implemented at the population level in the context of appropriate control or eradication strategies. Molecular and bacteriological diagnosis are rarely undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa, at least outside research projects, due to cost, skills and laboratory infrastructure issues. The brucellosis toolbox contains a wide range of serological tests, but the perfect test for use in animals and humans respectively does not exist. Drug and diagnostic discovery for the neglected zoonoses are notoriously poor, and there is limited investment interest in developing new tools for brucellosis diagnosis. But are current tools being used to their full capacity? The rose Bengal test (RBT) stands out as an efficient, practical and very cheap test adapted for use in the resource-poor context. In this paper, we argue that a social science or system's approach to explore the practicality of improving diagnostic capacity at the point-of care in high-risk brucellosis areas of rural Africa may be a step towards solving the issue of under-diagnosis, but this must go hand-in-hand with implementation of control measures at source in the animal reservoir and capacity to treat human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Kevin L Bardosh
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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