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Sharma GK, Patil A, Kaur P, Rajesh S, Drakonaki E, Botchu R. Comparison of efficacy of ultrasound-guided platelet rich plasma injection versus dry needling in lateral epicondylitis-a randomised controlled trial. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-023-00846-9. [PMID: 38393452 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether Ultrasound guided dry needling is adequate for both common extensor tendon tears and tendinosis or whether ultrasound guided platelet rich plasma (PRP) has a superior outcome when compared to dry needling when there are tears of the common extensor tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-centre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial conducted between November 2018 and April 2020. 40 patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis based on clinical and sonographic features and having comparable baseline characteristics were randomly assigned to the two study groups (dry needling and PRP). Inclusion criteria were patients aged 20 years or more who were symptomatic for at least 3 months with sonographic evidence of lateral epicondylitis. Exclusion criteria were complete tear of common extensor tendon confirmed on ultrasound and presence of other associated diseases like osteoarthritis of shoulder and elbow. RESULTS There was significant improvement in the visual analogue scale pain score in PRP group compared to the dry needling group at 9 months. However, this difference was not evident at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Mean improvement in common extensor tendon thickness in PRP group (5.1 mm at 3 months and 4.3 mm at 6 months) was slightly better than dry needling (4.4 mm at 3 months and 4.0 mm at 6 months). There was no difference in tear (if present) healing between both groups at 3 months. However at 6 months follow up, PRP demonstrated significant (mean-2.5) healing in tear compared to dry needling (mean-3.1). CONCLUSION Two injections of Ultrasound guided PRP are more beneficial non operative treatment compared to ultrasound guided dry needling, in lateral epicondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sharma
- JIPSI (Jaipur Institute of Pain & Sports Injuries), Jaipur, India
- Department of Interventional Radiology and clinical Imaging, The liver unit, Cochin gastroenterology Group, Cochin, India
| | - A Patil
- Department of Radiology, Alameen Medical College, Vijayapur, India
- Department of Interventional Radiology and clinical Imaging, The liver unit, Cochin gastroenterology Group, Cochin, India
| | - P Kaur
- JIPSI (Jaipur Institute of Pain & Sports Injuries), Jaipur, India
- Department of Interventional Radiology and clinical Imaging, The liver unit, Cochin gastroenterology Group, Cochin, India
| | - S Rajesh
- Department of Pain Management, JIPSI (Jaipur Institute of Pain & Sports Injuries), Jaipur, India
- Department of Interventional Radiology and clinical Imaging, The liver unit, Cochin gastroenterology Group, Cochin, India
| | | | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Radiology, Alameen Medical College, Vijayapur, India.
- Department of Interventional Radiology and clinical Imaging, The liver unit, Cochin gastroenterology Group, Cochin, India.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK.
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Kumar A, Ponmani S, Sharma GK, Sangavi P, Chaturvedi AK, Singh A, Malyan SK, Kumar A, Khan SA, Shabnam AA, Jigyasu DK, Gull A. Plummeting toxic contaminates from water through phycoremediation: Mechanism, influencing factors and future outlook to enhance the capacity of living and non-living algae. Environ Res 2023; 239:117381. [PMID: 37832769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats hold a unique role in the survival of all living organisms and supply water for drinking, irrigation, and life support activities. In recent decades, due to anthropogenic activities, deterioration in the water quality has been a long-lasting problem and challenge to the scientific fraternity. Although, these freshwater bodies have a bearable intrinsic capacity for pollution load however alarming increase in pollution limits the intrinsic capacities and requires additional technological interventions. The release of secondary pollutants from conventional interventions further needs revisiting the existing methodologies and asking for green interventions. Green interventions such as phycoremediation are natural, eco-friendly, economic, and energy-efficient alternatives and provide additional benefits such as nutrient recovery, biofuel production, and valuable secondary metabolites from polluted freshwater bodies. This systemic review in a nut-shell comprises the recent research insights on phycoremediation, technological implications, and influencing factors, and further discusses the associated mechanisms of metal ions biosorption by living and non-living algae, its advantages, and limitations. Besides, the article explores the possibility of future research prospects for applicability at a field scale that will help in the efficient utilization of resources, and improved ecological and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - S Ponmani
- Mother Terasa College of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pudukkottai, 622 201, TN, India; Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India.
| | - G K Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Dadwara Kota, 324002, Rajasthan, India.
| | - P Sangavi
- Mother Terasa College of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pudukkottai, 622 201, TN, India; Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India.
| | - A K Chaturvedi
- Land and Water Management Research Group, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
| | - A Singh
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
| | - S K Malyan
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dyal Singh Evening College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - A Kumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, 785000, India; Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Mysore, Karnataka, 570008, India.
| | - S A Khan
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Aftab A Shabnam
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, 785000, India.
| | - D K Jigyasu
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, 785000, India.
| | - A Gull
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Mysore, Karnataka, 570008, India.
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Gonuguntla HN, Surendra KSNL, Prasad A, Sarangi LN, Rana SK, Manasa G, Muthappa PN, Harikumar AV, Sharma GK. Brucella melitensis: Divergence Among Indian Strains and Genetic Characterization of a Strain Isolated from Cattle. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:272-280. [PMID: 37781017 PMCID: PMC10533427 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis primarily affects sheep, goats and is associated with brucellosis in humans, which is one of the world's most widespread neglected zoonotic disease. The current study attempted the determination of genetic diversity through comparative genome analysis of B. melitensis strains reported from India with other countries. The study also reports the isolation and identification of B. melitensis BMNDDB8664 from a cow with a history of abortion, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), determination of virulence factors, genotyping, and comparative genome analysis. Multilocus sequence typing, Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and WGS based phylogeny revealed the predominance of ST-8 and genotypes (116 and II respectively) that clustered to the East Mediterranean lineage. Identification of hitherto unreported genotypes by MLVA also indicated the existence and circulation of West Mediterranean and American lineages in India. Though the AMOS-PCR results suggest the BMNDDB8664 isolate as Brucella abortus, the outcomes from multiplex PCR, ribosomal multilocus sequence typing, and WGS analysis confirmed it as B. melitensis. The analysis revealed the presence of adeF gene (aids conferring resistance to fluoro-quinolone and tetracyclines). The isolate lacked two important T4SS genes virB2 and virB7 genes (roles in infection and rifampicin resistance respectively) and also lacked the Brucella suis mprF gene that aids intracellular survival. Further, BMNDDB8664 lacked some of the genes associated with LPS synthesis (wbkB, wbkC) and transport (wzm, wzt) and hence, is most likely a rough strain. WGS-based phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness of this BMNDDB8664 with a sheep isolate and two human isolates. The results prompt systematic, broad-based epidemiological studies on brucella infection at the species level. For effective control of human brucellosis, a concerted One Health approach with studies encircling the identification of aetiology at species, strain level to find their prevalence, spread, and inter-host transmission patterns need to be understood, for better design and implementation of effective control strategies in India and other endemic regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01081-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasad Naidu Gonuguntla
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Kota Sri Naga Leela Surendra
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Amitesh Prasad
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | | | - Gujjala Manasa
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - A. V. Harikumar
- National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
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Shojaie P, Afzali M, Iyengar KP, Sharma GK, Arora V, Botchu R. Kiloh-Nevin syndrome: an unusual cause of forearm pain. J Ultrasound 2023:10.1007/s40477-023-00794-4. [PMID: 37318745 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The popularity of weight training, bodybuilding and general physical conditioning has led to an increased rate of musculoskeletal injuries, such as nerve compression caused by muscle hypertrophy and, stretching of nerves peripherally. We present a case of anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) entrapment syndrome/neuropathy otherwise known as Kiloh-Nevin syndrome in a 22-year-old weightlifter. Knowledge of this injury is paramount for practitioners to increase awareness among athletes and bodybuilders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shojaie
- Aston Medical School, Aston, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Afzali
- Aston Medical School, Aston, Birmingham, UK
| | - K P Iyengar
- Department of Orthopedics, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Southport, UK
| | | | - V Arora
- Jeevan Rekha Superspeciality Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Bahekar VS, Gonuguntla HN, Sarangi LN, Manasa G, Chandaka KD, Rana SK, Prasad A, Surendra KSNL, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Detection and genetic characterization indicates circulation of a possible new Theileria species (Theileria sp. Yokoyama) in India. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100765. [PMID: 36041800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tropical theileriosis, a tick-borne disease, causes huge economic loss to the Indian dairy industry. Theileriosis in India is mainly caused by Theileria annulata, although the presence of T. orientalis has also been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate the deaths of cross-bred Holstein Friesen (CBHF) cows on a farm in the state of Telangana, India. Deceased animals had recently calved and prior to death had developed high fever (107 °F) and anaemia. Infected cows were infested with ticks (Hyalomma species). Theileria piroplasms were noticed in the Giemsa stained blood smears. PCR assays further confirmed the presence of Theileria in the blood samples of the infected cows. Partial Tams1 gene sequences from the infected animals shared 99.87% to 100% identity scores with the sequences of Sri Lankan isolates recently proposed as a novel Theileria species (provisionally designated as Theileria sp. Yokoyama). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the novel species of Theileria from India. Infected animals were effectively treated with buparvaquone and oxytetracycline. The introduction of new animals into the farm without risk assessment was found to be a major cause of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Shriram Bahekar
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Hariprasad Naidu Gonuguntla
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Gujjala Manasa
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Kavya Deepika Chandaka
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Amitesh Prasad
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Kota Sri Naga Leela Surendra
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
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Sarangi LN, Surendra KSNL, Rana SK, Thodangala N, Prasad A, Muthappa PN, Sharma GK. Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes in different epidemiological scenarios. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2022; 195:106449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Raina P, Sharma GK, Barwal KC, Kumar M, Chauhan S. Male Genital Injuries in Infants Caused by the Bite of Pet Pups: Case Series and Literature Review. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:491-494. [PMID: 36238345 PMCID: PMC9552645 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_121_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to male genitalia of infants due to bite of a pet pup are a rare occurrence. Few dog bite injuries to the genitalia of male infants have been reported, however, similar injuries have not been reported by the bite of pet puppies. Male genital injury in three male infants aged 8, 10, and 11 months, by the bite of pet puppies aged 1-2 months, ranged from avulsion of penile and part of scrotal skin with loss of both testes in case 1, a near circumferential laceration of penile skin at the base of penis with scrotal laceration in case 2, and laceration in mid penile shaft resulting in degloving and complete transaction of distal penile urethra with scrotal laceration in case 3. All these infants were appropriately managed surgically (case 1 and 3) and conservatively (case 2) and were given thorough toileting of wound, antibiotics, prophylaxis for tetanus and rabies. Some of these injuries may require complex surgical procedures to reconstruct the male genitalia. Timely management with aggressive intent and conserving the local tissue is the key to success. We describe a case series of injury to the external genitalia of three male infants by the bite of pet puppies, their possible predisposing factors, treatment, and follow-up. A case report and series like this have not been reported in literature so far to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamposh Raina
- Department of Urology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Manjeet Kumar
- Department of Urology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Manjeet Kumar, Department of Urology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Sanjeev Chauhan
- Department of Urology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Chander V, Sharma GK, Bhatt M, Nandi S, Mahajan S, Singh M, Mahendran K, Karikalan M, Pawde AM, Gupta V, Singh KP, Rajak KK, Gupta VK, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of canine adenovirus type 2 from a domestic dog showing neurological symptoms. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2521-2528. [PMID: 34128211 PMCID: PMC8203211 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenoviruses (CAVs) are of two types: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which is mainly associated with the respiratory type of disease in dogs. Due to the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control canine adenoviral infections and subsequently reduced disease incidence, CAVs are often neglected by clinicians. Although a number of studies are available about CAV-1 prevalence in India, only meagre information is available about CAV-2. This study reports the CAV-2 infection in a vaccinated dog with neurological and respiratory symptoms which was found negative for other canine pathogens like canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus. The virus was successfully isolated from rectal swab in MDCK cells and characterized by immunofluorescence assay and virus neutralization test. On phylogenetic analysis of partial E3 region, the Indian CAV-2 grouped in a separate clade different from established subgroups. An insertion of "G" nucleotide was reported at nucleotide (nt.) position 1077 in the E3 gene of Indian CAV-2 isolates which led to a frameshift in the coding region of E3 gene thereby imparting additional eleven amino acids to its C-terminal end in comparison to isolates from other parts of the world. This may have an implication on the functional role of E3 protein inside the cell. This study reinforces the unique signature insertion in the E3 gene of Indian CAV-2 and is the second study in the world to report the association of CAV-2 with neurological disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chander
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - G K Sharma
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Mahajan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- CCS National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, 250609, India
| | - K P Singh
- Pathology Laboratory, CADRAD, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Divison of Biological Products, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - V K Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Sarangi LN, Chandrasekhar Reddy RV, Rana SK, Naveena T, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Sero-diagnostic efficacy of various ELISA kits for diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle and buffaloes in India. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110324. [PMID: 34583139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is an economically important viral pathogen affecting cattle and buffaloes. Serological assays are mostly used for detection of the antibodies, but variation has been detected in the diagnostic performances of the individual assay. In the present study, four commercially available ELISA kits {two indirect ELISA (kits A and B) and two blocking ELISA (kits C and D)} were evaluated for the detection of antibodies against BoHV-1 in Indian cattle and buffaloes (fitness of purpose). The diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) of these kits were determined by three ways; considering virus neutralization test (VNT) as gold standard test, using pre-test information of the samples, and majority of tests. Screening of 200 known negative sera (124 cattle, 76 buffaloes) sourced from IBR free farms revealed gB based ELISA kits are more specific than the indirect ELISA kits. Testing of 125 known positive sera (81 cattle, 44 buffaloes) suggests kit B be most sensitive followed by kit C, A and D. Interestingly, kit D was found to be most sensitive for detection of vaccination-induced BoHV-1 antibodies followed by kit B. Similar trend were also observed in the limit of dilution experiment performed using known infected and vaccinated sera. VNT was found to be the most specific test and its use as the gold standard test revealed all kits to have more than 99 % sensitivity. All the ELISA kits could detect BoHV-1 specific antibodies in the IBR vaccinated calves as early as 11 days post-vaccination. In Kappa statistics, an almost perfect agreement between the ELISA kits was recorded. The overall performance of the kits in serodiagnosis of IBR as determined by the area under curve in ROC analysis was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Samir Kumar Rana
- National Dairy Development Board, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Thodangala Naveena
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
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Negi N, Srihari SP, Wadikar DD, Sharma GK, Semwal AD. Optimization of instant foxtail millet based khichdi by using response surface methodology and evaluation of its shelf stability. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:4478-4485. [PMID: 34629511 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Instant foods are a great convenience in today's fast moving world, aiding to reduce the time spent on the cooking process, along with the added advantage of long shelf life and ease to carry. Ingredient composition was finalized by optimizing the design variables (instantised foxtail millet, instantised green gram dal and oat flakes) using Central Composite Rotatable Design besides suitable fat and spices for the development of instant foxtail millet khichdi. Over all acceptability and water holding capacity were considered as the responses for the experimental design. The developed quick cooking (jiffy) product possessed calorific value of 525.11 kcal/100 g with good rehydration/ reconstitution properties within 4 min. Shelf stability of the khichdi packed in polypropylene (75µ) and metallised polyester (90µ) pouches was evaluated in terms of chemical, microbiological and sensorial changes. The product was found to be shelf stable for 6 months of storage in metallised polyester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Negi
- DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - S Pandit Srihari
- DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - D D Wadikar
- DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - G K Sharma
- DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - A D Semwal
- DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
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Karikalan M, Chander V, Mahajan S, Deol P, Agrawal RK, Nandi S, Rai SK, Mathur A, Pawde A, Singh KP, Sharma GK. Natural infection of Delta mutant of SARS-CoV-2 in Asiatic lions of India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3047-3055. [PMID: 34404118 PMCID: PMC8447162 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has underlined the importance of emerging diseases of zoonotic importance. Along with human beings, several species of wild and pet animals have been demonstrated to be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, both naturally and experimentally. In addition, with constant emergence of new variants, the species susceptibility might further change which warrants intensified screening efforts. India is a vast and second most populated country, with a habitat of a very diverse range of animal species. In this study we place on record of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in three captive Asiatic lions. Detailed genomic characterization revealed involvement of Delta mutant (Pango lineage B.1.617.2) of SARS‐CoV‐2 at two different locations. Interestingly, no other feline species enclosed in the zoo/park were found infected. The epidemiological and molecular analysis will contribute to the understanding of the emerging mutants of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wild and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karikalan
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Mahajan
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Deol
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Agrawal
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Nandi
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Rai
- Lion Safari Park, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Mathur
- Nahargarh Biological Park, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Pawde
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K P Singh
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G K Sharma
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vashishth R, Semwal AD, Naika M, Sharma GK, Kumar R. Influence of cooking methods on antinutritional factors, oligosaccharides and protein quality of underutilized legume Macrotyloma uniflorum. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110299. [PMID: 33992319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrotyloma uniflorum is a salubrious but underutilized legume mainly consumed in semi-arid zones of Africa, Australia and India. Various antinutritional factors- phytates, oxalates and oligosaccharides- has limited its consumption. Current work describes the influence of various thermal processing technologies - autoclaving, microwave, micronization and extrusion- on antinutritional profile, phenolic acid profile and protein digestibility of two selected varieties. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in antinutritional content was observed for horse gram grains processed using various thermal technologies. Among all processing technologies extrusion caused marked degradation in antinutritional components. The reduction in oxalic acid, trypsin inhibitor, phytates and tannins ranged from 33 to 87 %, 77-82%, 33-60% and 51-66% respectively. Further, the decline in content of various oligosaccharides viz. raffinose, stachyose and verbascose varied from 36 to 61 %, 25-49% and 30-74% respectively for both the varieties. Although extrusion caused significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the essential amino acid index and protein efficiency ratio, simultaneous increased was observed in biological value. The processing had significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on grain antinutritional content and also retained its substantial functional properties. This establishes the utility of grain and promote the introduction of these new grains and enlarge the market of novel healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Food Technology Vignan Foundation for Science, Technology and Research Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A D Semwal
- Grain Science and Technology Department Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddhartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011, India.
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Grain Science and Technology Department Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddhartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011, India
| | - G K Sharma
- Grain Science and Technology Department Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddhartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Food Technology Vignan Foundation for Science, Technology and Research Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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Sarangi LN, Rana SK, Prasad A, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:359-365. [PMID: 34295034 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne disease in ruminants causing huge economic loss to the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect serum antibodies to Anaplasma infection in cattle and buffaloes housed in 14 organized herds located at various climatic zones spreading over 9 different states in India. A total of 911 serum samples, collected from 667 cattle and 244 buffaloes, were subjected to a competitive enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay detecting an epitope of major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of Anaplasma. The overall true prevalence was 48.72% (95% CI 45.13-52.32%). The prevalence rate was higher in cattle (51.58%) than buffaloes (40.89%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Indigenous cattle (59.30%) showed higher seropositivity than crossbreed (57.16%) and exotic cattle breeds (42.28%). Although statistically not significant, female (52.37%) showed higher seropositivity than male (46.43%). Similarly, significant difference in prevalence (p < 0.05) was observed for animals reared in different climatic zones with highest prevalence recorded in arid zone (90.49%) and lowest in semi-arid zone (29.83%). Very wide variation in prevalence (9.95-100%) was recorded between farms. The present study indicates endemicity of Anaplasma in India, similar to other tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Endemic instability was recorded in some of the studied farms suggesting possibility of outbreak of new clinical cases resulting in economic loss. Therefore, suitable policies and procedures for prevention and control of Anaplasma infection should be adopted in these farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | | | - Amitesh Prasad
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
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14
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Rath D, Sharma GK, C Joshi Y. Ethnoveterinary medicine for responsible dairying. IJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Chandrasekhar Reddy RV, Putla B, Sarangi LN, Rana SK, Surendra KSNL, Ponnanna NM, Sharma GK. Shedding of bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 in bovine extended frozen semen in Indian semen stations: A longitudinal analysis. Theriogenology 2020; 157:467-471. [PMID: 32882649 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an economically important disease of cattle and buffaloes. Following acute infection, the virus usually attains latency in the sensory neurons. Stress-induced reactivation of latency can cause the infected animals to intermittently shed the virus in body secretions including semen. A longitudinal analysis was carried out to study BoHV-1 shedding in the semen of IBR seropositive cattle and buffaloes. The study involved data generated from the screening of 119,850 extended frozen semen (EFS) batches, collected from 1,229 IBR seropositive bulls, over a period of four years (April 2015 to March 2019). A TaqMan based real-time PCR assay was employed to detect the gB gene BoHV-1 DNA in the EFS batch samples. Each sample was tested in duplicate and amplification in any of the replicates at or below the threshold cycle (Ct ≤ 40) was considered positive. The overall positivity of BoHV-1 in EFS batches was 1.18%. About 41% of the bulls (509 of 1,229) were found to have excreted the virus in semen at least once during the study period. The frequency of viral shedding in buffaloes (0.96%) was significantly lower than that of cattle (1.3%) (p < 0.001). No significant difference was noted in the rate of shedding between the first and the second ejaculates collected on the same day (p = 0.607). The rate of shedding also did not vary among various breeds of cattle (p = 0.454) or with the age of the bulls (p = 0.054). No significant variation in the shedding rate was observed in cattle across different seasons (p = 0.101); while in buffaloes, the rate was higher in autumn (1.2%) than in winter (0.7%) (p = 0.037). The difference in positivity among semen stations was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Analysis of data revealed that ≥100 EFS batch samples/bull were screened from 361 of the 1,229 bulls included in the study. None of the EFS batches screened from 39 of these 361 bulls were found positive during the four years, suggesting they were non-shedders. Further research is warranted to delineate the underlying features of the seropositive non-shedders; following which an adequate risk assessment may be made for the maintenance of infected but non-shedding bulls in semen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bajibabu Putla
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
| | - Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Rana
- National Dairy Development Board, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kota Sri Naga Leela Surendra
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
| | - Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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16
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Vashishth R, Semwal AD, Padmashree A, Naika M, Sharma GK. Influence of processing methodology on phenolic acid content, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of Macrotyloma uniflorum. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2894-2904. [PMID: 32624595 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Study was conducted to determine the influence of different cooking methods namely pressure, flaking, infra-red, microwave and extrusion processing on rate of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile and functional properties of horse gram. The rate of auto-oxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) affected during storage and found maximum at 0.00 aw and minimum at 0.33 aw for both varieties namely GPM-6 and PAIYUR-2. The extrusion processed grains were more susceptible to auto-oxidation. The iron content of grain increased significantly (p < 0.05) during extrusion (1.22 ± 0.50 to 1.65 ± 0.15 mg 100 g-1 for PAIYUR-2 and 1.19 ± 0.45 to 1.59 ± 0.12 mg 100 g-1 for GPM-6). Whereas, tocopherol content decreased during extrusion (8.05 ± 0.15 to 2.28 ± 0.23 mg 100 g-1 for PAIYUR-2 and 6.48 ± 0.46 to 1.68 ± 0.15 mg 100 g-1 for GPM-6). Ellagic (12.36 ± 0.35 and 10.71 ± 0.29 mg 100 g-1), vanillic (15.20 ± 0.23 and 12.48 ± 0.18 mg 100 g-1), and coumaric acid (14.68 ± 0.71 and 8.97 ± 0.66 mg 100 g-1) were the major phenolic acids whereas, linoleic (35.53 ± 0.30 and 35.46 ± 0.19%), palmitic (26.08 ± 0.26 and 25.97 ± 0.33%), and linolenic acid (13.44 ± 0.18 and 10.13 ± 0.21%) were the major fatty acids present in raw grain for PAIYUR-2 and GPM-6 respectively. Phenolic and fatty acids were significantly (p < 0.05) affected during processing. The oxidative stability of microwave processed grains was maximum whereas, extrusion processed grains showed minimum oxidative stability during storage. Study explicitly describes that native grains and the grains which did not undergo destruction of naturally present cellular structure, were less prone to oxidation. The oxidation rate of grains was found dependent on composition, processing and storage environment of grains. Hence, all these factors need to be considered to ensure the stability of processed food during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vashishth
- Food Science and Technology Department, Vignan Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - A D Semwal
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - A Padmashree
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Food Quality Assurance Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - G K Sharma
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
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17
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Saarangi LN, Polapally S, Rana SK, Bahekar VS, Surendra KSNL, Chandrasekhar Reddy RV, Raichur AS, Muthappa PN, Sharma GK. Development and laboratory validation of duplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of Brucella and bovine alphaherpesvirus from clinical specimens. Vet Ital 2020; 56. [PMID: 32343092 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1728.9123.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A duplex real‑time PCR was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of Brucella and bovine alphaherpesvirus‑1 (BoHV‑1) from bovine clinical specimens. The bcsp31 gene of Brucella and gB gene of BoHV‑1 were used as targets in the assay. The limit of detection for BoHV‑1 was 0.03 TCID50 of virus and 10 plasmid copies containing the target gene while for Brucella it was 4.1 × 101 CFUs. Intra‑assay and inter‑assay values showed high repeatability and reproducibility of the assay. The diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and diagnostic specificity (dsp) of the duplex assay were determined by screening 443 clinical specimens and comparing the results with the respective individual assays. The dsn and dsp for detection of Brucella were found to be 95.24% and 95.65%, respectively whereas for BoHV‑1, the dsn (100%) and dsp (99.47%) were slightly higher. The duplex assay had a very good degree of agreement with the respective individual real‑time PCR test {kappa value 0.97 for Brucella and 0.95 for BoHV‑1}. The results of the current study suggest that the duplex assay would be a cost‑effective and time‑saving alternative for the individual real‑time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella and BoHV‑1.
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18
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Mukherjee F, Bahekar VS, Pasha SY, Kannan P, Prasad A, Rana SK, Kanani AN, Sharma GK, Premalatha D, Srinivasan VA. Isolation and analysis of the molecular epidemiology and zoonotic significance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in domestic and wildlife ruminants from three states in India. REV SCI TECH OIE 2019; 37:999-1012. [PMID: 30964453 DOI: 10.20506/rst.37.3.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of tuberculosis cases in ruminants are caused by Mycobacterium bovis (MB). However, in this study, the authors reported the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) from bovine milk, nasal swabs and post-mortem tissue samples (n = 841) collected from cattle and buffaloes in the states of Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat in India in the period from 2010 to 2015. The isolates (n = 7) were confirmed as Mycobacterium due to their growth characteristics and colony morphology in a commercial liquid medium Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)™ employing the BD BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 system and the Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium supplemented with glycerol but not with sodium pyruvate, and BD-DIFCO™ Middlebrook 7H10 agar containing oleic albumin dextrose catalase (OADC). These isolates were initially identified as members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) using a commercial nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit based on the IS6110 MTC specific nucleotide sequence. The isolates were confirmed as MT using three commercial line probe assay kits, were further genotyped, and the spoligotypes identified were of East African Indian (EAI) 3_IND, EAI5, Central-Asian (CAS) 1_DELHI, U and T1 lineages. Two MT isolates from one antelope (Antilope cervipara) andone gazelle (Gazella bennettii) from Gujarat, which were identified previously, were spoligotyped during this study and identified as belonging to EAI3_IND and EAI5 lineages, respectively. The epidemiological significance and zoonotic implications of regional presence and documentation of the same or two differents poligotypes in different species within the family Bovidae as well as humans is discussed.
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Ashwath Kumar K, Sharma GK, Anilakumar KR. Influence of multigrain premix on nutritional, in-vitro and in-vivo protein digestibility of multigrain biscuit. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:746-753. [PMID: 30906032 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effect of addition of multigrain premix (MGP) prepared using a combination of cereals, pulses and oilseeds at 40% level, on nutritional properties of multigrain biscuit, its in-vitro and in-vivo protein digestibility and protein profiling were studied. The incorporation of MGP significantly increased the protein content (from 7.37 to 16.61%), insoluble dietary fiber (from 1.71 to 6.67%), soluble dietary fiber (from 0.46 to 2.42%). The significant increase in the levels of isoleucine (ND-34.79%), methionine (0.04 to 7.65%), tryptophan (0.22 to 5.95%) valine (0.38 to 16.58%), lysine (0.36 to 7.32%), and threonine (0.51 to 7.2%) was observed, whereas fatty acid profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. The vitamin-mineral profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased the thiamin (0.07-0.21 mg/100 g), riboflavin (0.09-0.28 mg/100 g), calcium (12.89-45.28 mg/100 g) and iron (1.13-3.47 mg/100 g) contents. The in-vitro protein digesibility of multigrain and control biscuits indicated that the proteins present in multigrain biscuits had high digestibility (71.73%) as compared to control biscuit (38.13%). The in-vivo studies indicated that, the protein quality of multigrain biscuits was comparable with casein protein with high protein efficiency ratio of 3.02. The electrophoretic pattern of multigrain biscuits showed subunit molecular weight distribution of different protein units and aggregation of protein bands at high molecular weight region of 85 to 166 kD. The outcome of the study indicated the possibility of utilising MGP to improve the overall nutritional quality of biscuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ashwath Kumar
- 1Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, DRDO - Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, India
| | - G K Sharma
- 1Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, DRDO - Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, India
| | - K R Anilakumar
- 2Applied Nutrition Division, DRDO - Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, India
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20
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Hayer SS, VanderWaal K, Ranjan R, Biswal JK, Subramaniam S, Mohapatra JK, Sharma GK, Rout M, Dash BB, Das B, Prusty BR, Sharma AK, Stenfeldt C, Perez A, Delgado AH, Sharma MK, Rodriguez LL, Pattnaik B, Arzt J. Foot-and-mouth disease virus transmission dynamics and persistence in a herd of vaccinated dairy cattle in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e404-e415. [PMID: 29205858 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary disease with substantial economic impacts. Although between-herd transmission of the disease has been well studied, studies focusing on within-herd transmission using farm-level outbreak data are rare. The aim of this study was to estimate parameters associated with within-herd transmission, host physiological factors and FMD virus (FMDV) persistence using data collected from an outbreak that occurred at a large, organized dairy farm in India. Of 1,836 regularly vaccinated, adult dairy cattle, 222 had clinical signs of FMD over a 39-day period. Assuming homogenous mixing, a frequency-dependent compartmental model of disease transmission was built. The transmission coefficient and basic reproductive number were estimated to be between 16.2-18.4 and 67-88, respectively. Non-pregnant animals were more likely to manifest clinical signs of FMD as compared to pregnant cattle. Based on oropharyngeal fluid (probang) sampling and FMDV-specific RT-PCR, four of 36 longitudinally sampled animals (14%) were persistently infected carriers 10.5 months post-outbreak. There was no statistical difference between subclinical and clinically infected animals in the duration of the carrier state. However, prevalence of NSP-ELISA antibodies differed significantly between subclinical and clinically infected animals 12 months after the outbreak with 83% seroprevalence amongst clinically infected cattle compared to 69% of subclinical animals. This study further elucidates within-herd FMD transmission dynamics during the acute-phase and characterizes duration of FMDV persistence and seroprevalence of FMD under natural conditions in an endemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hayer
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - K VanderWaal
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - R Ranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J K Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Subramaniam
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J K Mohapatra
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - G K Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Rout
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B B Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B Das
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B R Prusty
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - C Stenfeldt
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - A Perez
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - A H Delgado
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, APHIS, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M K Sharma
- ABIS Dairy, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - L L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B Pattnaik
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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21
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Hayer SS, Ranjan R, Biswal JK, Subramaniam S, Mohapatra JK, Sharma GK, Rout M, Dash BB, Das B, Prusty BR, Sharma AK, Stenfeldt C, Perez A, Rodriguez LL, Pattnaik B, VanderWaal K, Arzt J. Quantitative characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease carrier state under natural conditions in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:253-260. [PMID: 28251837 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize the properties and duration of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) carrier state and associated serological responses subsequent to vaccination and naturally occurring infection at two farms in northern India. Despite previous vaccination of cattle in these herds, clinical signs of FMD occurred in October 2013 within a subset of animals at the farms containing juvenile-yearling heifers and steers (Farm A) and adult dairy cattle (Farm B). Subsequent to the outbreak, FMD virus (FMDV) asymptomatic carriers were identified in both herds by seroreactivity to FMDV non-structural proteins and detection of FMDV genomic RNA in oropharyngeal fluid. Carriers' seroreactivity and FMDV genome detection status were subsequently monitored monthly for 23 months. The mean extinction time of the carrier state was 13.1 ± 0.2 months, with extinction having occurred significantly faster amongst adult dairy cattle at Farm B compared to younger animals at Farm A. The rate of decrease in the proportion of carrier animals was calculated to be 0.07 per month. Seroprevalence against FMDV non-structural proteins decreased over the course of the study period, but was found to increase transiently following repeated vaccinations. These data provide novel insights into viral and host factors associated with the FMDV carrier state under natural conditions. The findings reported herein may be relevant to field veterinarians and governmental regulatory entities engaged in FMD response and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hayer
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - R Ranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J K Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Subramaniam
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J K Mohapatra
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - G K Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Rout
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B B Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B Das
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B R Prusty
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - C Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A Perez
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - L L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B Pattnaik
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - K VanderWaal
- UMN, STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - J Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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Srivastava Y, Semwal AD, Sajeevkumar VA, Sharma GK. Melting, crystallization and storage stability of virgin coconut oil and its blends by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). J Food Sci Technol 2016; 54:45-54. [PMID: 28242902 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The blends were prepared of virgin coconut oil with refined soyabean oil (VCO-RSOY) and refined safflower oil (VCO-RSAFF). Blending with VCO improved the fatty acid composition which increased the shelf stability of 20:80 VCO-RSOY and VCO-RSAFF up to 12 months in different packaging systems such as low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, metalized polyester pouches, polyethylene teteraphthalate, high density polyethylene (HDPE), Amber HDPE bottle. The specific spectral regions of FTIR proved to be very useful for the determination of adulteration as well as for the study of oxidation process. Band shifts observed at 3008, 1652, 1397, 1097, 912 and 845 cm-1 have been used to differentiate RSAFF from VCO. VCO spectrums did not have these chemical shifts. Further the spectrum of RSOY showed same band shifts as RSAFF except 1652, 1397, 869.6 and 845 cm-1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry provided useful information regarding the nature of thermodynamic changes related to physical state of vegetable oil. The physical state changes included melting and crystallization events which require the intake and release of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Dutt Semwal
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka 570011 India
| | | | - G K Sharma
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka 570011 India
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Kumar KA, Sharma GK, Khan MA, Govindaraj T, Semwal AD. Development of multigrain premixes-its effect on rheological, textural and micro-structural characteristics of dough and quality of biscuits. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:7759-70. [PMID: 26604349 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Four different Multigrain Premixes (MGPs) namely MGP I, MGP II, MGP III, MGP IV were developed to select the best premix for preparation of biscuits based on nutritional value and biscuit quality. The MGPs were prepared using cereals (barley, sorghum, maize, oats), pulses (chickpea dhal, green gram, peas, soya flour), millets (pearl millet, finger millet) and wheat germ each at 20 % level. The MGPs developed had 22.91-27.84 % protein, 16.82-18.72 % dietary fiber and 3.11-3.46 % minerals. The wheat flour was replaced with MGPs separately at different levels of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 %. The incorporation of these MGPs significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the water absorption (56.0-50.9 %), peak viscosity (273.67-154.92 RVU), biscuit spread ratio (10.28-8.15) and increased the pasting temperature (67.10-79.20 °C), dough hardness (311.66-460.26 N) and biscuit breaking strength (13.25-28.68 N). SEM studies showed that incorporation of MGP disrupted the protein matrix. Among the MGPs, MGP III was found to be more suitable even at the 40 % level for obtaining nutritious multigrain biscuits with higher protein, dietary fiber, and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ashwath Kumar
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570 011 India
| | - G K Sharma
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570 011 India
| | - M A Khan
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570 011 India
| | - T Govindaraj
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570 011 India
| | - A D Semwal
- Cereals and Pulses Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570 011 India
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Kukreti BM, Kumar P, Sharma GK. Development of experimental approach to examine U occurrence continuity over the extended area reconnoitory boreholes: Lostoin Block, West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya (India). Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:167-74. [PMID: 26164149 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory drilling was undertaken in the Lostoin block, West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya based on the geological extension to the major uranium deposit in the basin. Gamma ray logging of drilled boreholes shows considerable subsurface mineralization in the block. However, environmental and exploration related challenges such as climatic, logistic, limited core drilling and poor core recovery etc. in the block severely restricted the study of uranium exploration related index parameters for the block with a high degree confidence. The present study examines these exploration related challenges and develops an integrated approach using representative sampling of reconnoitory boreholes in the block. Experimental findings validate a similar geochemically coherent nature of radio elements (K, Ra and Th) in the Lostoin block uranium hosting environment with respect to the known block of Mahadek basin and uranium enrichment is confirmed by the lower U to Th correlation index (0.268) of hosting environment. A mineralized zone investigation in the block shows parent (refers to the actual parent uranium concentration at a location and not a secondary concentration such as the daughter elements which produce the signal from a total gamma ray measurement) favoring uranium mineralization. The confidence parameters generated under the present study have implications for the assessment of the inferred category of uranium ore in the block and setting up a road map for the systematic exploration of large uranium potential occurring over extended areas in the basin amid prevailing environmental and exploratory impediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Kukreti
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, IADD, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, AMD Complex, TataNagar, Jharkhand 831 002, India
| | - G K Sharma
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, West Block -7, R.K. Puram, New Delhi 110066, India
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25
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Sharma GK, Mahajan S, Das B, Ranjan R, Kanani A, Sanyal A, Pattnaik B. Comparison of stabilisers for development of a lyophilised multiplex reverse-transcription PCR mixture for rapid detection of foot and mouth disease virus serotypes. REV SCI TECH OIE 2015; 33:859-67. [PMID: 25812209 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.3.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection and serotyping of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). However, the method has not been used to its full potential, because of factors such as cost, a lack of infrastructure and the complexity of the reaction mixture. This study was undertaken to optimise and validate a thermostable, lyophilised, ready-to-use mRT-PCR kit for the rapid detection of FMDV in field laboratories in India. Trehalose, PEG-8000 and glycerol were evaluated for stabilisation of the PCR mixture at ambient temperatures. The lyophilised mRT-PCR kit was validated and found robust enough for use in field-level laboratories. The PCR reaction mixture in the ready-to-use kit has low complexity, so chances of cross-contamination during the preparation of the mixture are limited, but may easily be monitored by using lyophilised internal positive and negative controls. In addition, the requirement to maintain live FMDV isolates as internal positive controls at field-level regional laboratories is eliminated.
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Khan MA, Mahesh C, Semwal AD, Sharma GK. Effect of spinach powder on physico-chemical, rheological, nutritional and sensory characteristics of chapati premixes. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:2359-65. [PMID: 25829620 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effect of spinach powder on the physico-chemical, rheological, nutritional and sensory characteristics on chapati premixes was studied by incorporating spinach powder at different concentrations from 1 % to 10 % based on wheat flour. Addition of 5 % of spinach powder to wheat flour was found to be optimum for chapati preparation. Effect of incorporation of spinach powder on the alveo-consistographic, mixographic and pasting characteristics were studied. It was observed that peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity significantly decreases whereas, peak time, tenacity increases with the increase in the concentration of spinach powder from 1 % to 10 % in chapati premixes. Addition of spinach powder also significantly affects the textural qualities of the chapaties. Premixes and prepared chapaties were also studied for chlorophyll content, total carotenoids,vitamins and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570 011 India
| | - C Mahesh
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570 011 India
| | - Anil Dutt Semwal
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570 011 India
| | - G K Sharma
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570 011 India
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Kukreti BM, Sharma GK. Performance analysis of gamma ray spectrometric parameters on digital signal and analog signal processing based MCA systems using NaI(Tl) detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:901-5. [PMID: 22405639 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and speedy estimations of ppm range uranium and thorium in the geological and rock samples are most useful towards ongoing uranium investigations and identification of favorable radioactive zones in the exploration field areas. In this study with the existing 5 in. × 4 in. NaI(Tl) detector setup, prevailing background and time constraints, an enhanced geometrical setup has been worked out to improve the minimum detection limits for primordial radioelements K(40), U(238) and Th(232). This geometrical setup has been integrated with the newly introduced, digital signal processing based MCA system for the routine spectrometric analysis of low concentration rock samples. Stability performance, during the long counting hours, for digital signal processing MCA system and its predecessor NIM bin based MCA system has been monitored, using the concept of statistical process control. Monitored results, over a time span of few months, have been quantified in terms of spectrometer's parameters such as Compton striping constants and Channel sensitivities, used for evaluating primordial radio element concentrations (K(40), U(238) and Th(232)) in geological samples. Results indicate stable dMCA performance, with a tendency of higher relative variance, about mean, particularly for Compton stripping constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Kukreti
- Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Physics Laboratory, Department of Atomic Energy, Nongmynsong, AMD Complex, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
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Abstract
Urchin-like palladium nanostructures were synthesized by slow radiolytic reduction of Pd(II) in cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl) micellar solution. They were formed by polycrystalline nanowires originating from the same core. The growth process leading to these urchin-like structures has been studied. These three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures were obtained at high Pd concentration (0.1 M) which led to a relatively large quantity of nanomaterials. These nanostructures show very interesting cycling sorption properties for hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ksar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Bâtiment 349, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Goyal NK, Kumar A, Das SK, Pandey AK, Sharma GK, Trivedi S, Dwivedi US, Singh PB. Experience with plaque excision and dermal grafting in the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:805-808. [PMID: 18946615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease is a common cause of sexual dysfunction. We assess the technique of plaque excision and dermal grafting for the treatment of Peyronie's disease. METHODS A total of 11 patients, aged 38-55 years, were operated for Peyronie's disease. All patients had stable plaque on the dorsum or dorsolateral aspect of the penile shaft. All patients had penile curvature, nine (81.8 percent) had painful erections, six (54.5 percent) had penile pain and three (27.3 percent) had erectile dysfunction. All suffered difficulty in intercourse. We performed plaque excision and dermal grafting. Main outcome measures were relief of penile pain, relief of painful erection, performance of satisfactory coitus and straight penis while erection. RESULTS All patients had relief of penile pain and painful erection. Nine (81.8 percent) patients had straight penis and had satisfactory coitus. Two (18.2 percent) patients suffered postoperative erectile dysfunction which was mild and responded to Sildenafil tabs. CONCLUSION Although experience with this technique is limited, the initial results are encouraging. We found this technique feasible with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Goyal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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30
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Van Ommeren M, Sharma B, Komproe, Poudyal BN, Sharma GK, Cardeña E, De Jong JT. Trauma and loss as determinants of medically unexplained epidemic illness in a Bhutanese refugee camp. Psychol Med 2001; 31:1259-1267. [PMID: 11681552 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291701004470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to identify personal factors that placed people at risk during an epidemic of medically unexplained illness in a Bhutanese refugee camp in southeastern Nepal. METHODS We conducted a case-control study, involving 68 cases and 66 controls. Caseness was defined as experiencing at least one attack of medically unexplained fainting or dizziness during the time of the epidemic. We performed hierarchical logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of case status. RESULTS In terms of Western psychiatric constructs, the illness involved somatoform symptoms of both acute anxiety and dissociation. Sixty per cent reported visual and 28% reported auditory hallucinatory experiences. Cases and controls were similar on all demographic variables, school performance, number of attacks witnessed and psychopathology before the onset of the epidemic. Recent loss, early loss, childhood trauma and pulse-rate were predictors of case status. CONCLUSION We identified trauma, early loss and, especially, recent loss as predictors of attacks during medically unexplained epidemic illness in a Bhutanese refugee community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Ommeren
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of health information on material safety data sheets (MSDS) for a workplace chemical that is well known to cause or exacerbate asthma (toluene diisocyanate, TDI). DESIGN We reviewed a random sample of 61 MSDSs for TDI products produced by 30 manufacturers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two physicians independently abstracted data from each MSDS onto a standardized audit form. One manufacturer provided no language about any respiratory effects of TDI exposure. Asthma was listed as a potential health effect by only 15 of the 30 manufacturers (50%). Listing asthma in the MSDS was associated with higher toluene diisocyanate concentrations in the product (P <.042). Allergic or sensitizing respiratory reactions were listed by 21 manufacturers (70%). CONCLUSIONS Many MSDSs for toluene diisocyanate do not communicate clearly that exposure can cause or exacerbate asthma. This suggests that physicians should not rely on the MSDS for information about health effects of this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Frazier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA.
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Sharma GK. Is there enough evidence that low-molecular-weight heparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in pulmonary embolism? Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:2065-6. [PMID: 10888989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Abstract
The traditional view of injuries as "accidents", or random events, has resulted in the historical neglect of this area of public health. However, the most recent estimates show that injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world. They affect all populations, regardless of age, sex, income, or geographic region. In 1998, about 5.8 million people (97.9 per 100,000 population) died of injuries worldwide, and injuries caused 16% of the global burden of disease. Road traffic injuries are the 10th leading cause of death and the 9th leading cause of the burden of disease; self-inflicted injuries, falls, and interpersonal violence follow closely. Injuries affect mostly young people, often causing long-term disability. Decreasing the burden of injuries is among the main challenges for public health in the next century--injuries are preventable, and many effective strategies are available. Public health officials must gain a better understanding of the magnitude and characteristics of the problem, contribute to the development and evaluation of injury prevention programs, and develop the best possible prehospital and hospital care and rehabilitation for injured persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Krug
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mador MJ, Kufel TJ, Pineda LA, Sharma GK. Diaphragmatic fatigue and high-intensity exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:118-23. [PMID: 10619807 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9903010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at a mechanical disadvantage and should be predisposed to the development of diaphragmatic fatigue when the ventilatory system is stressed by exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with moderately severe COPD develop contractile fatigue of the diaphragm after cycle exercise to the limits of tolerance. Twelve male patients with COPD, age 61.4 +/- 3.0 yr, participated. Their forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) was 1.79 +/- 0.14 L, 49.6 +/- 3.4% of predicted. Patients cycled at 60-70% of their predetermined maximal work capacity until they had to stop because of intolerable symptoms. Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi,tw) was measured during cervical magnetic stimulation before and 10, 30, and 60 min after exercise. A persistent fall in Pdi,tw postexercise of >/= 10% was considered potentially indicative of contractile fatigue of the diaphragm. Patients cycled for 10.2 +/- 2.0 min at a workload of 59.9 +/- 4.3 W. Patients exercised maximally relative to their capacity reaching a peak oxygen consumption (V O(2)) of 108.1 +/- 2.8% of the peak V O(2) obtained during a preliminary maximal incremental exercise test. Pdi,tw was not significantly different from baseline at any time postexercise. Pdi,tw was 19.9 +/- 1.6 cm H(2)O at baseline, 19.6 +/- 2.0 cm H(2)O at 10 min postexercise, 18. 6 +/- 2.0 cm H(2)O at 30 min postexercise, and 19.5 +/- 1.7 cm H(2)O at 60 min postexercise. In the individual patients, two of the patients had a persistent >/= 10% fall in Pdi,tw postexercise, potentially indicative of contractile fatigue of the diaphragm. In conclusion, the majority of patients with moderately severe COPD do not develop contractile fatigue of the diaphragm after high-intensity constant workload cycle exercise to the limits of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mador
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
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35
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Logani KB, Agarwal K, Sharma GK. Epidermoid cyst of brain--an incidental autopsy finding. J Indian Med Assoc 1997; 95:124. [PMID: 9357286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K B Logani
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
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Abstract
An unusual decapitation death of a young man from a road traffic accident involving a two-wheel scooter is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sharma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
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37
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Gautam AS, Sharma RC, Sharma VP, Sharma GK. Importance of clinical diagnosis of malaria in national malaria control programme. Indian J Malariol 1991; 28:183-7. [PMID: 1822457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study conducted at Kheda district, Gujarat, revealed that judgement of patient on the basis of symptoms and diagnosis of the doctor were correct in 50 and 27% of the suspected malaria cases respectively. In malaria control programme, emphasis on health education and passive case detection is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gautam
- Malaria Research Centre (Field Station) Civil Hospital, Nadiad, India
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38
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Abstract
The structural polypeptides of thirty-three field isolates of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) collected in India between 1977 and 1985 were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were placed in eleven groups based on their patterns and compared with results of conventional serological (virus neutralisation and complement fixation) tests. Variation occurred in the structural proteins of the viruses isolated between 1977 and 1981; however, the polypeptide patterns of viruses isolated in 1984 and 1985 were identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Knowles
- AFRC, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Sharma GK, Thapa BR, Mitra SK, Mehta S. Esophageal atresia with double tracheoesophageal fistula. Indian Pediatr 1989; 26:497-9. [PMID: 2599623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Collins RT, Sharma GK, Dhal KB. Gel diffusion determinations on feeding behaviour patterns of anophelines in Orissa State, India. J Commun Dis 1989; 21:1-23. [PMID: 2572623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 1981 Entomological Field Research Units were established in three districts of Orissa State, India, from which Anopheles bloodmeals were forwarded regularly for analysis to an Entomological Laboratory in Bhubaneswar. At the onset of 1982, the laboratory introduced a modified gel diffusion technique for determining the origin of mosquito bloodmeals and by the end of 1983, 22,300 smears had been processed and analyzed. The technique is relatively very simple, fast and inexpensive. The results are reproducible and the use of double controls (negative and positive) ensure a high degree of reliability.
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Dash AP, Das M, Bendle MS, Sharma GK. Prevalence of winter forms of Anopheles annularis V. d. Wulp (Diptera:Culicidae) in Keonjhar district of Orissa. J Commun Dis 1988; 20:287-92. [PMID: 3268592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barkakaty BN, Sharma GK, Chakravorty NK. Studies on efficacy of treatment with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and sulfalene + pyrimethamine combinations in Plasmodium falciparum malaria of known and unknown resistant status. J Commun Dis 1988; 20:165-74. [PMID: 3076890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ray K, Upreti HB, Yadav RN, Sharma MC, Mukherjee AK, Sharma GK. Evaluation of serology as a tool for malaria surveillance in East Champaran District of Bihar, India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1988; 82:225-8. [PMID: 3074736 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1988.11812236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence test was evaluated as a tool for malaria surveillance. The population of 12 villages in the East Champaran District of Bihar with a low annual parasitic index and a low annual blood examination rate was surveyed in order to confirm the low endemicity of malaria in these villages. Two specimens of blood, one taken during the pre-transmission season and one taken during the post-transmission season, were collected for parasitological and serological studies. The paired samples showed no parasite positivity in the study population in both surveys. All the villages had very low serological titres. However, the presence of malaria antibodies in the zero to five years age group (the sentinel group) indicated that malaria transmission occurred in the study area at a very low level. The seropositivity and the geometric mean titre were lower in the pre-transmission season than in the post-transmission season, but the overall reduction in geometric mean titre, which was very low throughout the study, was not statistically significant. The study emphasizes the importance of serological tests in malaria surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ray
- National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, India
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Sharma SP, Biswas H, Pandey DS, Pandey RS, Das M, Sharma GK. Control of bancroftian filariasis in a rural area through selected treatment with diethylcarbamazine. J Commun Dis 1987; 19:322-5. [PMID: 3333775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Beljaev AE, Brohult JA, Sharma GK, Samantaray KC. Studies on the detection of malaria at primary health centres. Part III. Parasitological profile of population surveyed for malaria through passive case detection. Indian J Malariol 1987; 24:97-106. [PMID: 3330715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma GK. A critical review of the impact of insecticidal spray under NMEP on malaria situation in India. J Commun Dis 1987; 19:187-290. [PMID: 3333654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kalra NL, Sharma GK. Malaria control in Delhi--past, present and future. J Commun Dis 1987; 19:91-116. [PMID: 3331392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma GK, Narasimham MV. Current status of malaria control/eradication programme in India and future strategy in the context of "health for all by 2000 A.D.". J Commun Dis 1987; 19:31-6. [PMID: 3655293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sharma GK, Rao CK, Sharma SP, Sundaram RM, Ghosh TK, Raina VK, Rao PK, Das M. Relative impact of integrated vector control strategy vis-a-vis conventional control strategy on bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry. J Commun Dis 1986; 18:267-75. [PMID: 3309031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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