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Sharma P, Gautam A, Kumar V, Guleria P. In vitro exposed magnesium oxide nanoparticles enhanced the growth of legume Macrotyloma uniflorum. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13635-13645. [PMID: 34591246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles interact with plants to induce a positive, negative, or neutral effect on their growth and development. In this study, we document the positive influence of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the morpho-biochemical parameters of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram). Horse gram is a protein and polyphenol-rich legume crop. It is an important part of the human diet and nutrition. When exposed to MgO-NPs, a significant increment in the shoot-root length, fresh biomass, and chlorophyll content of horse gram was evident. Furthermore, there was a 4-20 and 18-127% increase in the accumulation of carbohydrate and protein content on MgO-NP exposure. The antioxidant potential was enhanced by 5-19% on NP treatment as a result of the increase in the accumulation of total polyphenolics. Total phenols and flavonoids were enhanced by 7-20 and 50-84% in the presence of MgO-NPs. The enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and APX was also enhanced in MgO-NP-exposed horse gram. The observed alterations were also justified by the Pearson correlation. Overall, the MgO-NP-induced morpho-biochemical alterations in horse gram indicated their probable role as a nano-fertilizer. However, it further warrants the need to extensively investigate the responses of various other plant types to MgO-NPs before industry scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 144012
| | - Ayushi Gautam
- Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 144012
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144111.
| | - Praveen Guleria
- Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 144012.
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Vashishth R, Semwal AD, Padmashree A, Naika M, Sharma GK. Influence of processing methodology on phenolic acid content, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of Macrotyloma uniflorum. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2894-2904. [PMID: 32624595 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Study was conducted to determine the influence of different cooking methods namely pressure, flaking, infra-red, microwave and extrusion processing on rate of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile and functional properties of horse gram. The rate of auto-oxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) affected during storage and found maximum at 0.00 aw and minimum at 0.33 aw for both varieties namely GPM-6 and PAIYUR-2. The extrusion processed grains were more susceptible to auto-oxidation. The iron content of grain increased significantly (p < 0.05) during extrusion (1.22 ± 0.50 to 1.65 ± 0.15 mg 100 g-1 for PAIYUR-2 and 1.19 ± 0.45 to 1.59 ± 0.12 mg 100 g-1 for GPM-6). Whereas, tocopherol content decreased during extrusion (8.05 ± 0.15 to 2.28 ± 0.23 mg 100 g-1 for PAIYUR-2 and 6.48 ± 0.46 to 1.68 ± 0.15 mg 100 g-1 for GPM-6). Ellagic (12.36 ± 0.35 and 10.71 ± 0.29 mg 100 g-1), vanillic (15.20 ± 0.23 and 12.48 ± 0.18 mg 100 g-1), and coumaric acid (14.68 ± 0.71 and 8.97 ± 0.66 mg 100 g-1) were the major phenolic acids whereas, linoleic (35.53 ± 0.30 and 35.46 ± 0.19%), palmitic (26.08 ± 0.26 and 25.97 ± 0.33%), and linolenic acid (13.44 ± 0.18 and 10.13 ± 0.21%) were the major fatty acids present in raw grain for PAIYUR-2 and GPM-6 respectively. Phenolic and fatty acids were significantly (p < 0.05) affected during processing. The oxidative stability of microwave processed grains was maximum whereas, extrusion processed grains showed minimum oxidative stability during storage. Study explicitly describes that native grains and the grains which did not undergo destruction of naturally present cellular structure, were less prone to oxidation. The oxidation rate of grains was found dependent on composition, processing and storage environment of grains. Hence, all these factors need to be considered to ensure the stability of processed food during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vashishth
- Food Science and Technology Department, Vignan Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - A D Semwal
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - A Padmashree
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Food Quality Assurance Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
| | - G K Sharma
- Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka 570011 India
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Amal TC, Karthika P, Dhandapani G, Selvakumar S, Vasanth K. A simple and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation protocol for horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:9. [PMID: 32206908 PMCID: PMC7090105 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Recalcitrant nature is a major constraint for the in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation of leguminous species members. Therefore, an improved genetic transformation in horse gram has been developed via in planta method, in which Agrobacterium strain harboring binary vector pCAMBIA2301 was used for the transformation. Several factors affecting in planta transformations were put forth viz. Agrobacterium cell density, co-cultivation, and sonication combined with vacuum infiltration duration which were optimized. Results Germinated seeds were sonicated and vacuum infiltrated with different densities of Agrobacterium culture and co-cultivated in half-strength MS medium with 100 μM of acetosyringone for 48 h. Seedlings were washed with cefotaxime and sowed in vermiculite soil for maturation. T1 plants were subjected to histochemical and molecular analysis to ensure transformation efficiency. Among various combinations analyzed, maximum transformation efficiency (20.8%) was attained with seeds of 5 min sonication combined with vacuum infiltration with 0.6 optical density of Agrobacterium culture. Conclusions It concludes that a different Agrobacterium cell density with sonication combined with vacuum infiltration has improved transgenic efficiency in horse gram plants. This simple and efficient method is feasible for the stable expression of foreign genes that could be beneficial for future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cheeran Amal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Palanisamy Karthika
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Gurusamy Dhandapani
- PG Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Subramaniam Selvakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Krishnan Vasanth
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
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Dwivedi M, Vasantha KY, Sreerama YN, Haware DJ, Singh RP, Sattur AP. Kaulath, a new fungal fermented food from horse gram. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:8371-6. [PMID: 26604417 PMCID: PMC4648863 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is used in the traditional method for treatmentof several health complications. It is also known that fermentation of such substrates yields a number of compounds that enhance the overall activities against several disease states. Solid state fermentation of horse gram using Penicillium camemberti showed an inhibition of pancreatic lipase and alpha glucosidase activities. The fermented material, termed Kaulath, showed 60 % increase in fat content. A reduction in sodium and increased levels of potassium and calcium was observed in Kaulath. In addition, a higher free radical scavenging activity was noted in this product compared to unfermented horse gram. Anti-nutritional factors, such as phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors showed a reduction in Kaulath. Furthermore, Kaulath, upto 1 g per kg body weight, did not exhibit any mortality or toxic effects in experimental rats after 14 days of administration. The hematological and clinical parameters were within safe limits between the groups, supported by the histopathology of liver and kidney. These results indicate potential food use of Kaulath in diets and as functional ingredients in formulated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshee Dwivedi
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
| | - K Y Vasantha
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
| | - Y N Sreerama
- Grain Science and Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
| | - Devendra J Haware
- Food Safety & Analytical Quality Control Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
| | - R P Singh
- Biochemistry & Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
| | - A P Sattur
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 500020 India
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Basediya AL, Pandey S, Shrivastava SP, Khan KA, Nema A. Effect of process and machine parameters on physical properties of extrudate during extrusion cooking of sorghum, horse gram and defatted soy flour blends. J Food Sci Technol 2011; 50:44-52. [PMID: 24425886 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion cooking of sorghum (Sorghum vulgaris), horse gram (Dolichos biflorus) and defatted soy (Glycine max) flour blends was done to prepare snacks by using a Brabender single-screw laboratory extruder. The combined effect of moisture content, blend ratio of feed, barrel temperature and screw speed of extruder on physical parameters of extrudate was studied. It was observed that 15% moisture content of feed, 80:10:10 (sorghum flour: horse gram flour: defatted soy flour) of blend ratio, 130 °C barrel temperature and 130 rpm of screw speed gave the highest sectional expansion index and longitudinal expansion index of extrudate, while 12% moisture content, 75:15:10 of blend ratio of feed, 135 °C of barrel temperature and 135 rpm of screw speed gave lowest bulk density of extrudate. A central composite rotable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology was used to develop prediction model. Second order quadratic regression model fitted adequately in the variation. The significance was established at p ≤ 0.05. It was also observed that increasing feed moisture content results in a higher density and lower expansion of extrudate. Increasing barrel temperature and screw speed reduced density but increased expansion of extrudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Basediya
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 482004 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sheela Pandey
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 482004 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - S P Shrivastava
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 482004 Madhya Pradesh India
| | | | - Anura Nema
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 482004 Madhya Pradesh India
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