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Walsh AP, Gordon HN, Peter K, Wang X. Ultrasonic particles: An approach for targeted gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113998. [PMID: 34662671 PMCID: PMC8518240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been widely investigated for the treatment of genetic, acquired, and infectious diseases. Pioneering work utilized viral vectors; however, these are suspected of causing serious adverse events, resulting in the termination of several clinical trials. Non-viral vectors, such as lipid nanoparticles, have attracted significant interest, mainly due to their successful use in vaccines in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Although they allow safe delivery, they come with the disadvantage of off-target delivery. The application of ultrasound to ultrasound-sensitive particles allows for a direct, site-specific transfer of genetic materials into the organ/site of interest. This process, termed ultrasound-targeted gene delivery (UTGD), also increases cell membrane permeability and enhances gene uptake. This review focuses on the advances in ultrasound and the development of ultrasonic particles for UTGD across a range of diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives of UTGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P.G. Walsh
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry N. Gordon
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author at: Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Enosawa S, Hsu HC, Yanagi Y, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Nagashima H. Characterization and Treatment Responsiveness of Genetically Engineered Ornithine Transcarbamylase-Deficient Pig. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153226. [PMID: 34362010 PMCID: PMC8347267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel medical technologies, pig disease models are invaluable especially in the final stages of translational research. Recently, we established a genetically engineered ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient (OTCD) pig strain. Here, we report its characterization and treatment responsiveness. OTCD pigs were obtained by mating an OTCD carrier female (OTC-Xc.186_190delXWT) with a wild-type male. Due to the X-linked recessive mode of inheritance, the disease phenotype emerged only in males. Medication with nitrogen-scavenging agents was based on a clinical protocol. OTCD pigs were born smaller than their wild-type and carrier littermates, showing anemia and faltering. Biochemically, high levels of urinary orotic acid and loss of OTC activity were observed. The natural life course of OTCD pigs was characterized by a decrease in arterial percentage saturation of oxygen and body temperature, as well as an increase in blood ammonia levels; the pigs died in 24.0 ± 5.0 h (mean ± SD, n = 6). The established standard medication composed with nitrogen-scavenging agents and transfusion nearly doubled the survival time to 42.4 ± 13.7 h (n = 6). Our OTCD pig model appropriately mimicked the human pathology. Along with established protocols in handling and medication, this is a first step in developing a large animal disease model that is useful for translational research into novel medical technologies, such as cell transplantation and gene therapy, as well as in relation to urea cycle disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181
| | - Huai-Che Hsu
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Center of Organ Transplantation, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (H.M.); (A.U.); (H.N.)
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Sugahara G, Yamasaki C, Yanagi A, Furukawa S, Ogawa Y, Fukuda A, Enosawa S, Umezawa A, Ishida Y, Tateno C. Humanized liver mouse model with transplanted human hepatocytes from patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:618-628. [PMID: 33336822 PMCID: PMC8247293 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is a metabolic and genetic disease caused by dysfunction of the hepatocytic urea cycle. To develop new drugs or therapies for OTCD, it is ideal to use models that are more closely related to human metabolism and pathology. Primary human hepatocytes (HHs) isolated from two patients (a 6-month-old boy and a 5-year-old girl) and a healthy donor were transplanted into host mice (hemi-, hetero-OTCD mice, and control mice, respectively). HHs were isolated from these mice and used for serial transplantation into the next host mouse or for in vitro experiments. Histological, biochemical, and enzyme activity analyses were performed. Cultured HHs were treated with ammonium chloride or therapeutic drugs. Replacement rates exceeded 80% after serial transplantation in both OTCD mice. These highly humanized OTCD mice showed characteristics similar to OTCD patients that included increased blood ammonia levels and urine orotic acid levels enhanced by allopurinol. Hemi-OTCD mice showed defects in OTC expression and significantly low enzymatic activities, while hetero-OTCD mice showed residual OTC expression and activities. A reduction in ammonium metabolism was observed in cultured HHs from OTCD mice, and treatment with the therapeutic drug reduced the ammonia levels in the culture medium. In conclusion, we established in vivo OTC mouse models with hemi- and hetero-patient HHs. HHs isolated from the mice were useful as an in vitro model of OTCD. These OTC models could be a source of valuable patient-derived hepatocytes that would enable large scale and reproducible experiments using the same donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Sugahara
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Chihiro Yamasaki
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Ami Yanagi
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Suzue Furukawa
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical SciencesNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Regenerative MedicineNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Research Center for Hepatology and GastroenterologyHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Research Center for Hepatology and GastroenterologyHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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Wang L, Wang P, Li X, Dong Y, Wu S, Xu M, Chen X, Wang S, Zheng C, Zou C. Combination CTLA-4 immunoglobulin treatment and ultrasound microbubble-mediated exposure improve renal function in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8524-8540. [PMID: 33714204 PMCID: PMC8034886 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the therapeutic impact of combined cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig) treatment and microbubble-mediated exposure in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHOD We treated rats using CTLA-4-Ig and/or microbubble exposure. At 8 weeks post-intervention, key parameters were evaluated including blood biochemistry, damage to renal tissue, renal parenchymal elasticity, ultrastructural changes in podocytes, and renal parenchymal expression of CD31, CD34, IL-6, Fn, Collagen I, Talin, Paxillin, α3β1, podocin, nephrin, and B7-1. RESULT We found that renal function in the rat model of DN can be significantly improved by CTLA-4-Ig and CTLA-4-Ig + ultrasound microbubble treatment. Treatment efficacy was associated with reductions in renal parenchymal hardness, decreases in podocyte reduction, decreased IL-6, Fn and Collagen I expression, increased Talin, Paxillin and α3β1 expression, elevated podocin and nephrin expression, and decreased B7-1 expression. In contrast, these treatments did not impact CD31 or CD34 expression within the renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION These findings clearly emphasize that CTLA-4-Ig can effectively prevent podocyte damage, inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis, and thereby treating and preventing DN. In addition, ultrasound microbubble exposure can improve the ability of CTLA-4-Ig to pass through the glomerular basement membrane in order to access podocytes such that combination CTLA-4-Ig + microbubble exposure treatment is superior to treatment with CTLA-4-Ig only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senmin Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Cai X, Jiang Y, Lin M, Zhang J, Guo H, Yang F, Leung W, Xu C. Ultrasound-Responsive Materials for Drug/Gene Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1650. [PMID: 32082157 PMCID: PMC7005489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is one of the most commonly used methods in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases due to its safety, deep penetration into tissue, and non-invasive nature. In the drug/gene delivery systems, ultrasound shows many advantages in terms of site-specific delivery and spatial release control of drugs/genes and attracts increasing attention. Microbubbles are the most well-known ultrasound-responsive delivery materials. Recently, nanobubbles, droplets, micelles, and nanoliposomes have been developed as novel carriers in this field. Herein, we review advances of novel ultrasound-responsive materials (nanobubbles, droplets, micelles and nanoliposomes) and discuss the challenges of ultrasound-responsive materials in delivery systems to boost the development of ultrasound-responsive materials as delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanwen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Asia-Pacific Institute of Aging Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Baruteau J, Waddington SN, Alexander IE, Gissen P. Gene therapy for monogenic liver diseases: clinical successes, current challenges and future prospects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:497-517. [PMID: 28567541 PMCID: PMC5500673 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, pioneering liver-directed gene therapy trials for haemophilia B have achieved sustained clinical improvement after a single systemic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) derived vectors encoding the human factor IX cDNA. These trials demonstrate the potential of AAV technology to provide long-lasting clinical benefit in the treatment of monogenic liver disorders. Indeed, with more than ten ongoing or planned clinical trials for haemophilia A and B and dozens of trials planned for other inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases, clinical translation is expanding rapidly. Gene therapy is likely to become an option for routine care of a subset of severe inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases in the relatively near term. In this review, we aim to summarise the milestones in the development of gene therapy, present the different vector tools and their clinical applications for liver-directed gene therapy. AAV-derived vectors are emerging as the leading candidates for clinical translation of gene delivery to the liver. Therefore, we focus on clinical applications of AAV vectors in providing the most recent update on clinical outcomes of completed and ongoing gene therapy trials and comment on the current challenges that the field is facing for large-scale clinical translation. There is clearly an urgent need for more efficient therapies in many severe monogenic liver disorders, which will require careful risk-benefit analysis for each indication, especially in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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