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Rodrigues M, Cunha S, Teixeira LSG. In Situ Transesterification from Soybean Seed Using Mechanochemical Methods toward Producing Biodiesel. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47791-47797. [PMID: 38144073 PMCID: PMC10733984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The research and development of new routes of biodiesel synthesis have been increasingly in line with the principles of green chemistry. In this sense, mechanochemistry is a promising technique, able to ally the energetic potential with reductions in the use of solvents and steps of treatment of the sample and the purification of the product. To date, this is the first work using mechanochemistry directly in extracting soybean oil from its seed and the in situ transesterification reaction by applying a reactive soybean oil extraction process. The presence of n-hexane was studied in different molar proportions (relative to the oil content), and a low solvent consumption in a 3:1 ratio was adopted. Mechanochemistry favored oil diffusion in the n-hexane solvent, resulting in a mean triglyceride content equal to 90%, against 66% obtained in the tests without spheres in the planetary ball mill. The catalyst content was also evaluated, and 4% NaOH (weight, concerning the oil) was the concentration that presented less residue of nontransesterified glycerides in the samples for ethyl ester preparation. Additionally, the protein content was determined on the residual soybean cake, with no loss of nutritional potential when subjected to the mechanochemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina
C. Rodrigues
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvio Cunha
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto
Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S. G. Teixeira
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto
Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Sitepu EK, Perangin-angin S, Ginting GJ, Machmudah S, Sari RN, Tarigan JB. Controlled crushing device-intensified direct biodiesel production of Black Soldier Fly larvae. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16402. [PMID: 37292359 PMCID: PMC10245166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect larvae contain sufficient oil comparable with oleaginous biomass, and hence have potency as alternative biodiesel resources. The direct transesterification of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae have conducted using a controllable crushing device (CCD) and a homogeneous base as a catalyst. The effect of catalyst concentration (wt.%), ratio BSF larvae to methanol (wt./v), reaction time (min) and rotational speed (rpm) on biodiesel conversion was determined. The maximum conversion of 93.8% was achieved at room temperature after 20 min of reaction time and ratio larvae to methanol of 1:2 (wt./v), catalyst concentration of 7 wt% and rotational speed of 3000 rpm. In addition, the green metrics calculation showed that this method produces less waste and uses less solvent. Some of the BSF-biodiesel properties meet the biodiesel standard. The CCD-intensified the DT of BSF larvae is a promising alternative for green and energy-saved biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko K. Sitepu
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | | | - Gloria J. Ginting
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Siti Machmudah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Rodiah N. Sari
- Pusat Riset Bioindustri Laut dan Darat, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Mataram 83352, Indonesia
| | - Juliati Br Tarigan
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
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Mamuye L, Reshad AS. Reactive Extraction for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Castor Seeds Using a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst: Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41559-41574. [PMID: 36406585 PMCID: PMC9670912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from oil seeds is conventionally produced via a two/three-process-step method: extraction of oil and subsequent esterification/transesterification to fatty FAME (biodiesel). However, in the present study, we investigated the production of castor kernel oil (CKO) FAME by reactive extraction for extraction and transesterification in a single process using a heterogeneous catalyst. The content of oil that can be extracted was checked by investigating several nonreactive extraction parameters such as solvent type (polar, nonpolar, and mixture), the solvent to kernel ratio, and extraction time. Maximum oil was extracted using methanol as a solvent with a methanol-to-seed ratio of 6.25:1 for 6 h extraction time. The viscosity of CKO obtained by nonreactive extraction was reduced from 288.83 to 19.04 mm2/s by reactive extraction using a 4.09 wt % catalyst concentration (BaO) and a 330.9:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio for 6 h reaction time at 64 °C. Reactive extraction for transesterification of CKO was performed using BaO, CaO, and ZnO heterogeneous catalysts. BaO results in the increased yield of CKO FAME compared to other catalysts. Central composite design (CCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to design the experimental matrix, process parameter optimization, maximize the yield of CKO FAME, and investigate interaction effects of parameters such as reactive extraction temperature (55-65 °C), catalyst concentration (3-5 wt %), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (175:1-350:1) on the yield of CKO FAME. A second-order model equation with a p-value < 0.05 and an R 2 value near 1.0 was obtained to predict the yield using the input parameters. The maximum yield CKO FAME of 96.13 wt % with 94.4% purity of produced CKO FAME was obtained at a catalyst concentration of 4.09 wt % and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 330.9:1 for 6 h with a reaction temperature of 64 °C. Therefore, a comparable conversion of castor seed oil triglyceride (96.13 wt %) was obtained in a single step directly from castor seeds. Furthermore, the rheological behavior investigation of castor kernel oil and castor methyl ester revealed that the dynamic viscosity of both samples was found to be dependent on triglyceride content and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem
Feseha Mamuye
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa1230, Ethiopia
| | - Ali Shemsedin Reshad
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa1230, Ethiopia
- Center
of Excellence Sustainable Energy Research, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa1230, Ethiopia
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Using Box–Behnken Design Coupled with Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Rapeseed Oil Expression Parameters under Heating and Freezing Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of heating and freezing pretreatments on rapeseed oil yield and the volume of oil energy under uniaxial compression loading was investigated. Four separate experiments were carried out to achieve the study objective. The first and second experiments were performed to determine the compression parameters (deformation, mass of oil, oil yield, oil expression efficiency, energy, volume of oil and volume of oil energy). The third and fourth experiments identified the optimal factors (heating temperatures: 40, 60 and 80 °C, freezing temperatures: −2, −22 and −36 °C, heating times: 15, 30 and 45 min and speeds: 5, 10 and 15 mm/min) using the Box–Behnken design via the response surface methodology where the oil yield and volume of oil energy were the main responses. The optimal operating factors for obtaining a volume of oil energy of 0.0443 kJ/mL were a heating temperature of 40 °C, heating time of 45 min and speed of 15 mm/min. The volume of oil energy of 0.169 kJ/mL was reached at the optimal conditions of a freezing temperature of −36 °C, freezing time of 37.5 min and speed of 15 mm/min. The regression model established was adequate for predicting the volume of oil energy only under heating conditions.
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Ponnappan VS, Munuswamy DB, Nagappan B, Devarajan Y. Investigation on the effect of ultrasound irradiation on biodiesel properties and transesterification parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64769-64777. [PMID: 34318415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the effect of ultrasound irradiation (UI) on biodiesel properties and transesterification parameters. Methanol content, reaction time, reaction temperature, and catalyst concentration are varied, and the optimum condition for maximum possible yield was held constant for both processes. Biodiesel obtained from non-edible oils is the most promising alternative fuel for conventional diesel fuel. In this study, sterculia foetida seed oil was used for biodiesel production. Sterculia foetida oil was transesterified to lower its FFA using UI and compared with the conventional process. Both heating processes were optimized to yield a maximum of 94.3% at a six molar ratio, 50 °C, (water temp), 1% wt of catalyst (KOH), and 75 min reaction time. Transesterification by UI reduced the total reaction time to 4 min compared to 75 min at the conventional process. Further UI influenced the properties of biodiesel (SOBD) from SO. UI lowered viscosity by 7.3% and density by 5.5% and facilitated using oxygen content of SOBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh Babu Munuswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Beemkumar Nagappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN ( Deemed-to-be-University), Bangalore, Karanataka, 562112, India
| | - Yuvarajan Devarajan
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India.
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Ahmad R, Aldholmi M, Alqathama A, Aldossary S, Bubshait S, Aljaber M, Abuhassan A, Aldarwish A, Alateeq L. Green and novel ultrasonic extraction with UHPLC-MSMS analysis of natural sweetener (Glycyrrhizic acid) from Glycyrrhiza glabra; a multifactorial mechanistic evaluation based on statistical analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105696. [PMID: 34358883 PMCID: PMC8350416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel, green and eco-friendly, cost-effective, fast, and reliable high energy ultrasonication (US) extraction with UHPLC-MSMS (Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry) quantification of Glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) is reported herein for the first time. The study provides useful insights regarding the effect of US-factors with statistical analysis and mechanisms, involved in GZA-extraction and analysis. An US-extraction method (US-MD) was developed using three levels of US factors: solvents (AC (acetone), EtOH (ethanol), H2O (water)), time (1, 2, 3 min), amplitudes (30, 40, 50%), pulse (10/0.5, 20/0.5, 30/0.5 sec), particle sizes (0.5, 1, 1.4 mm), and temperatures (20, 30, 40 °C). The US-MD was further validated with high accuracy 98.96 ± 6.82 and r2 = 0.995 whereas, an in-house analytical method (UHPLC-MSMS) was developed and validated to quantify the GZAamount. UHPLCMSMS-MD resulted in a retention time of 0.31 min with MSMS (821.400 > 351.200) in a 1 min run time whereas, UHPLCMSMS-MV showed high accuracy and precision with r2 = 0.998 for GZA. Statistical analysis of K-mean clustering finalized US-set-of-factors showing optimum extract yield (mg/1mg) of 0.48 with sum (2.41 ± 014) and mean (0.27) along with a high GZA-amount (μg/mg) of 8.23 with sum (43.31 ± 2.07) and mean (4.81) for H2O in 3 min at 40 °C using particle size (1.4 mm), amplitude (50%), and pulse (30/0.5). Large scale application of US-UHPLCMSMS confirmed the evaluation power of the method showing the order for GZA amount; Egypt > Pakistan > Syria > India > Palestine > America > Georgia > Morocco. A significant effect for US factors Vs extract yield and GZA amount was observed however, solvent*GZA-amount and extract yield*particle size were more significantly correlated compared to time*temperature*amplitude*pulse analyzed via PCA, GLM-UniANOVA, K-mean, and Pearson's correlation (P ≤ 0.05). A combined mechanism of shear stress, macroturbulence due to acoustic cavitation and implosions, sonochemical, and sonocapillary effect were noted for the US technique producing higher extract yield and GZA amount from licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box # 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Aldholmi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box # 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Aldossary
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bubshait
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Aljaber
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Abuhassan
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Aldarwish
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Alateeq
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Wang C, Yang H, Li J. Combination of Microwave, Ultrasonic, Enzyme Assisted Method for Curcumin Species Extraction from Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Activity. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210329.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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8
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Kinetics of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis on Niobium Catalysts. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Khedri B, Mostafaei M, Safieddin Ardebili SM. Flow-mode synthesis of biodiesel under simultaneous microwave–magnetic irradiation. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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RSM and Crow Search Algorithm-Based Optimization of Ultrasonicated Transesterification Process Parameters on Synthesis of Polyol Ester-Based Biolubricant. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sitepu EK, Jones DB, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Leterme SC, Heimann K, Raston CL, Zhang W. Turbo thin film continuous flow production of biodiesel from fungal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:431-438. [PMID: 30466021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct biodiesel production from wet fungal biomass may significantly reduce production costs, but there is a lack of fast and cost-effective processing technology. A novel thin film continuous flow process has been applied to study the effects of its operational parameters on fatty acid (FA) extraction and FA to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion efficiencies. Single factor experiments evaluated the effects of catalyst concentration and water content of biomass, while factorial experimental designs determined the interactions between catalyst concentration and biomass to methanol ratio, flow rate, and rotational speed. Direct transesterification (DT) of wet Mucor plumbeus biomass at ambient temperature and pressure achieved a FA to FAME conversion efficiency of >90% using 3 wt/v % NaOH concentration, if the water content was ≤50% (w/w). In comparison to existing DT methods, this continuous flow processing technology has an estimated 90-94% reduction in energy consumption, showing promise for up-scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko K Sitepu
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Darryl B Jones
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Sophie C Leterme
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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Thakkar K, Shah K, Kodgire P, Kachhwaha SS. In-situ reactive extraction of castor seeds for biodiesel production using the coordinated ultrasound - microwave irradiation: Process optimization and kinetic modeling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 50:6-14. [PMID: 30122463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates innovative and industrially viable in-situ biodiesel production process using coordinated ultrasound-microwave reactor. Reactive extraction process has been carried out by mixing grinded castor seeds with methanol in the presence of base catalyst (KOH). Response surface methodology coupled with central composite design has been applied for process optimization to achieve maximum yield. The result shows that maximum biodiesel yield of 93.5 ± 0.76% was obtained under favorable conditions of: molar ratio (350:1), catalyst (w/w) (1.74%), reaction temperature (43 °C) and reaction time (30 min). Regression equation obtained for the model having (R2), and (R2adj) equal to 0.9737 and 0.9507 respectively shows goodness of fit. First time reaction kinetics as well as oil extraction kinetics studies have been performed on coordinated ultrasound-microwave reactor. Assuming pseudo first order reaction activation energy was found to be 28.27 kJ·mol-1 and activation energy for oil extraction was observed to be 9.11 kJ mol-1. Estimated activation energy for the reaction kinetics and extraction kinetics was reduced by 27%, reaction rate constants were eight to ten times higher and diffusion coefficient was found to be two times higher in case of hybrid system as compared to conventional mechanical stirring technique. Estimated thermo-physical properties of biodiesel were found in agreement with ASTM and DIN standards in comparison to gasoline diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikkumar Thakkar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Keyur Shah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Pravin Kodgire
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Surendra Singh Kachhwaha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India; Center for Biofuel & Bioenergy Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
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Mouahid A, Bouanga H, Crampon C, Badens E. Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas: An experimental and modelling study. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Kumar G, Singh V, Kumar D. Ultrasonic-assisted continuous methanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil in the appearance of biodiesel used as an intermediate solvent. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:384-391. [PMID: 28732959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A environmental friendly system for fast transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil was developed for the production of biodiesel using an ultrasonic-assisted continuous tank reactor in the presence of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) used as a green (intermediate) solvent with potassium hydroxide used as a catalyst. This research provide a new biodiesel production process, the optimal condition for the reaction were established: reaction temperature 25°C oil to methanol molar ratio was 1:5, catalyst concentration 0.75wt% of oil, solvent concentration 7.5%, flow rate 241.68±0.80ml/min, ultrasonic amplitude 60% and ultrasonic cycles 0.7s, transesterification was completed within 1.09min (residence time). The purity and conversion of biodiesel was 98.75±0.50% analyzed by the reverse phase HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Science, Bhagwant University, Ajmer 305004, Rajasthan, India; Chemical Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Muzaffarnagar 251315, U.P, India.
| | - Vidhi Singh
- Department of Chemical Science, Bhagwant University, Ajmer 305004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sahu Jain College, Najibabad 246763, India
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