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Chi N, Liu J, Lei M, Feng L. Preparation of amphiphilic cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with cationic microblock structure to enhance printing and dyeing sludge dewatering and condition performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13079-13093. [PMID: 36125686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is an important pretreatment technology for sludge dewatering, and the flocculant's performance is the key factor to determine the flocculation effect. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is commonly used in dewatering and conditioning of printing and dyeing sludge (PD sludge), and the research of high-efficiency flocculant is a hot spot in the field of PD sludge dewatering. Hydrophobic butylacrylate (BA) and (2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) were introduced into the copolymer, and amphiphilic (hydrophilic/lipophilic) CPAM, namely TP-ADB, with microblock structure was synthesized by ultrasonic initiated template copolymerization in this study. The functional group composition of TP-ADB was determined by FTIR and 1H NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that TP-ADB had good thermal stability. The amphiphilic rheological properties of the copolymer were measured according to the apparent viscosity. In addition, 1H NMR and TGA results confirmed the existence of microblock structure in the copolymer chain. The polymerization mechanism was discussed by association coefficient (KM) measurement. The results showed that the template copolymerization initiated by ultrasonic followed the law of free radical copolymerization. The pre-adsorption of DMC with sodium polyacrylate template (NaPAA) before the reaction confirmed that the template polymerization accorded with ZIP I mechanism. The cationic microblock structure and hydrophobic association of TP-ADB promoted the dewatering performance of PD sludge (FCMC = 72.9%, turbidity removal rate = 98.9%, SRF = 4.2 × 1012 m·kg-1). Hydrophobic association enhanced the bridging, sweeping, and net catching effect, and promoted the growth of floc size and fractal dimension. Cationic microblock structure can produce compact floc with higher mechanical strength by enhancing electrical neutralization and electrical patching. As a skeleton, the compressibility of filter cake was reduced and the permeability was enhanced, and the PD sludge dewatering effect was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianping Chi
- School of Municipal and Geomatics Engineering, Hunan City University, Hunan Province Engineering & Technology Research Center for Rural Water Quality Safety, Hunan, 413000, Yiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Lei
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Tian L, Wang H, Wu T, Yang H, Xu S, Chai X, Zhang K. In-depth analysis of ultrasonic-induced geological pore re-structures. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 85:105990. [PMID: 35349969 PMCID: PMC8965146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating geological pore structures is of paramount importance for geo-energy productions and underground energy storages in porous media. Nevertheless, research emphases for long time have been focused on understanding the pore configurations, while few work conducted to modify and restructure the porous media. This study deploys ultrasonic treatments on typical geological in-situ core samples, with follow-up processes of high-pressure mercury injections and nitrogen adsorptions and interpretations from nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction. The core permeability and porosity are found to increase by 8.3 mD, from 4.1 to 12.4 mD, and by 0.95%, from 14.03% to 14.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, the number and size of the micro- and mesopore are increased with progressing of ultrasonic treatment, while those of the macropore decrease, which finally increase the permeability and porosity. The increase of micro- and mesopore number, from x-ray diffraction results, is attributed to the migration and precipitation of clay minerals caused through ultrasonic wave. The relocation of clay minerals also helps to improve the pore-throat connectivity and modify the micro-scale heterogeneity. Basically, this study reveals the characterizations of geological pore reconfigurations post-ultrasonic treatments and interprets the associated mechanisms, which provides guidance to manipulate the geological pores and be of benefit for further porous media use in science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Haien Yang
- Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- CNPC Logging Co., Ltd. North China Branch, Renqiu 062550, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Adeyemi I, Meribout M, Khezzar L. Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of ultrasound-assisted oil technologies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105902. [PMID: 34974390 PMCID: PMC8799749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been consistent drive towards research and innovation in oil production technologies in order to achieve improved effectiveness and efficiency in their operation. This drive has resulted in breakthrough in technologies such as the application of ultrasound (US) in demulsification and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and usage of high-volume hydraulic fracturing and special horizontal well for shale oil and gas extraction. These can be observed in the increment in the number of commercial oil technologies such as EOR projects that rose from 237 in 1996 to 375 in 2017. This sustained expansion in EOR resulted in their total oil production rising from 1.5 million barrels per day in 2005 to 2.3 million barrels per day in 2020. And this is predicted to increase to about 4.7 million barrels per day in 2040, which represent about 4% of total production. Consequently, in this review, the developments in the utilization of US either as standalone or integrated with other technologies in EOR and dehydration of water in oil emulsions were analyzed. The studies include the optimization of fluid and US properties in EOR and demulsification. Reports on the treatment of formation damage resulting from inorganic salts, organic scales, drilling fluid plugs, condensate, paraffin wax and colloidal particle with US-assisted EOR were also highlighted. Moreover, the mechanisms were examined in order to gain insightful understanding and to aid research investigations in these areas. Technologies such as US assisted green demulsification, high intensity focused ultrasound, and potential pathways in field studies were assessed for their feasibilities. It is essential to evaluate these technologies due to the significant accrued benefits in them. The usage of green demulsifiers such as deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids and bio-demulsifiers has promising future outlook and US could enhance their technical advancement. HiFU has been applied successfully in clinical research and developments in this area can potentiality improve demulsification and interfacial studies (fluid-fluid and solid-fluid interactions). As regards field studies, there is need to increase actual well investigations because present reports have few on-site measurements with most studies being in laboratory scale. Furthermore, there is need for more detailed modeling of these technologies as it would assist in conserving resources, saving research time and fast-tracking oil production. Additional evaluative studies of conditions such as the usage of Raschig rings, crude oil salinity and high temperature which have improved demulsification of crude oil emulsions should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud Meribout
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lyes Khezzar
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
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Lin Z, Xu F, Wang L, Hu L, Zhu L, Tan J, Li Z, Zhang T. Characterization of oil component and solid particle of oily sludge treated by surfactant-assisted ultrasonication. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hamidi H, Sharifi Haddad A, Wisdom Otumudia E, Rafati R, Mohammadian E, Azdarpour A, Giles Pilcher W, Wilhelm Fuehrmann P, Ricardo Sosa L, Cota N, Cruz García D, Ibrahim RM, Damiev M, Tanujaya E. Recent applications of ultrasonic waves in improved oil recovery: A review of techniques and results. ULTRASONICS 2021; 110:106288. [PMID: 33142226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound technique is an inexpensive and ecofriendly technology commonly used in oil and gas industry to improve oil recovery and its applications have been successfully tested in both laboratory and field scales. In this technique, high-power ultrasonic waves are utilized downhole to improve oil recovery and reduce formation damage in near wellbore region that causes a reduction in hydrocarbon production rate due to the penetration of mud, scale deposition, etc. In most of the cases, barriers for the oil flow to the wellbore are effectively removed by using the ultrasound technique and the effect of improved oil recovery may last up to several months. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent laboratory, field and mathematical studies to serve as reference for future extensive examination of ultrasound assisted improved oil recovery. As an added value to this field of study, research gaps and opportunities based on the review of recent works were identified and factors that needs to be considered to improve the outcome of future studies were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hamidi
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Amin Sharifi Haddad
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | | | - Roozbeh Rafati
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Erfan Mohammadian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Azdarpour
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - William Giles Pilcher
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | | | - Leonel Ricardo Sosa
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Nikola Cota
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Diego Cruz García
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Rahma M Ibrahim
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Mansur Damiev
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Edo Tanujaya
- School of Engineering, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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Rezaeizadeh M, Hajiabadi SH, Aghaei H, Blunt MJ. Pore-scale analysis of formation damage; A review of existing digital and analytical approaches. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 288:102345. [PMID: 33359961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formation damage is one of the most challenging problems that occurs during the lifetime of a well. Despite numerous previous studies, an organized review of the literature that introduces and describes the digital and analytical approaches developed for formation damage analysis is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap through briefly describing the main mechanisms behind formation damage in porous media as well as investigating the main related experimental methods with an emphasis on novel imaging techniques. Specifically, there will be a focus on a number of modern and nondestructive analytical methods, such as dry/cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), CT-scanning (both using adapted medical scanners and the use of high-resolution micro-CT instruments) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), which obtain outstanding results for the identification of formation damage mechanisms. These approaches when used in combination provide a robust identification of damage processes, while they reduce the risk of operational mistakes for decision makers through visualization of the distribution, severity, and nature of the damage mechanisms.
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