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Shao X, Li D, Guo S, Yan J, Qian Y, Wang G. Preparation of diblock copolymer nano-assemblies by ultrasonics assisted ethanol-phase polymerization-induced self-assembly. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 105:106855. [PMID: 38531733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Assemblies are widely used in biomedicine, batteries, functional coatings, Pickering emulsifiers, hydrogels, and luminescent materials. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a method for efficiently preparing particles, mainly initiated thermally. However, thermally initiated PISA usually requires a significant amount of time and energy. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of nano-assemblies with controllable morphologies and size using ultrasound (20 kHz) assisted ethanol-phase RAFT-PISA in three hours. Using poly (N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) as the macromolecular reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent (PDMA-CTA) to control the nucleating monomer benzyl methacrylate (BzMA), we obtained nano-assemblies with different morphologies. With the length of hydrophobic PBzMA block growth, the morphologies of the assemblies at 15 wt% solid content changed from spheres to vesicles, and finally to lamellae; the morphologies of the assemblies at 30 wt% changed from spheres micelles to short worms, then vesicles, and finally to large compound vesicles. With the same targeted degree of polymerization, nano-assemblies having a 30 wt% solid content display a more evolved morphology. The input of ultrasonic energy makes the system have higher surface free energy, results the mass fraction interval of solventphilic blocks (fhydrophilic) corresponding to the formation of spherical micelles is expanded from fhydrophilic > 45 % to fhydrophilic > 31 % under ultrasound and the fhydrophilic required to form worms, vesicles, and large composite vesicles decreases in turn. It is worth noting that the fhydrophilic interval of worms prepared by ultrasonics assisted PISA gets larger. Overall, the highly green, externally-regulatable and fast method of ultrasonics assisted PISA can be extended to vastly different diblock copolymers, for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
| | - Shengwei Guo
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Qian
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Guxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
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He Y, Zheng B, Peng W, Chen Y, Yu L, Huang W, Qin G. An ultrasound-based ensemble machine learning model for the preoperative classification of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor in the parotid gland. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10719-2. [PMID: 38570381 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The preoperative classification of pleomorphic adenomas (PMA) and Warthin tumors (WT) in the parotid gland plays an essential role in determining therapeutic strategies. This study aims to develop and validate an ultrasound-based ensemble machine learning (USEML) model, employing nonradiative and noninvasive features to differentiate PMA from WT. METHODS A total of 203 patients with histologically confirmed PMA or WT who underwent parotidectomy from two centers were enrolled. Clinical factors, ultrasound (US) features, and radiomic features were extracted to develop three types of machine learning model: clinical models, US models, and USEML models. The diagnostic performance of the USEML model, as well as that of physicians based on experience, was evaluated and validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in internal and external validation cohorts. DeLong's test was used for comparisons of AUCs. SHAP values were also utilized to explain the classification model. RESULTS The USEML model achieved the highest AUC of 0.891 (95% CI, 0.774-0.961), surpassing the AUCs of both the US (0.847; 95% CI, 0.720-0.932) and clinical (0.814; 95% CI, 0.682-0.908) models. The USEML model also outperformed physicians in both internal and external validation datasets (both p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the USEML model and physician experience were 89.3%/75.0%, 87.5%/54.2%, 87.5%/65.6%, and 89.3%/65.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The USEML model, incorporating clinical factors, ultrasound factors, and radiomic features, demonstrated efficient performance in distinguishing PMA from WT in the parotid gland. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study developed a machine learning model for preoperative diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor in the parotid gland based on clinical, ultrasound, and radiomic features. Furthermore, it outperformed physicians in an external validation dataset, indicating its potential for clinical application. KEY POINTS • Differentiating pleomorphic adenoma (PMA) and Warthin tumor (WT) affects management decisions and is currently done by invasive biopsy. • Integration of US-radiomic, clinical, and ultrasound findings in a machine learning model results in improved diagnostic accuracy. • The ultrasound-based ensemble machine learning (USEML) model consistently outperforms physicians, suggesting its potential applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping He
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yongyu Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lihui Yu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Genggeng Qin
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Medical Imaging Center, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16th Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 34100, China.
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Ahmad R, Riaz M, Aldholmi M, Alsulays A, Alsulais W, Alaswad D, Almutawah AI, Al Nahab HZ. Solanum pseudocapsicum vs Capsicum annum; comparative phenolics profiling using green ultrasonic extraction and UHPLC analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 103:106789. [PMID: 38309047 PMCID: PMC10848139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum pseudocapsicum (PC) and Capsicum annum (CA) belongs to the family of Solanaceae. CA have been reported a rich source of phenolics whereas, the phenolics content of GA (gallic acid), SC (scopoletin), RA (rosmarinic acid), and RV (resveratrol) are yet to be reported for the PC-fruit. This study comparatively evaluates the phenolics profile for different parts (seeds and skin) and colors (green and red) of the PC- and CA-fruits using the green solvents of ethanol (ET), acetone (AC), water (H2O), and different combinations of these solvents. METHODOLOGY Ultrasonics extraction (US) and UHPLC analysis were employed for phenolics evaluation. RESULTS The USMD (method development) revealed the highest extract yield of 62 mg/100 mg for the PC-skin in ET:AC (70:30) solvent whereas, more phenolics (ppm) were observed for PC-seeds in ET:AC (50:50) solvent, particularly the SC (29.46) and GA (16.92). The UHPLCMDMV exhibited significant accuracies (100.70-114.14 %) with r2-values (0.9993-0.9997) in the linearity range of 1-200 ppm. The USMV (method validation) in PC- and CA-fruit parts and colors revealed more extract yields for the red skin part of the PC- (180.5 mg) and CA-fruit (126.2 mg). The phenolics were seen more in the green seeds of the PC-fruit (ppm); SC (276), GA (147.36), RV (28.54), and RA (23.87) followed by the green PC-skin, and red/green CA-seeds. The statistical models of mean differences, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation showed significant differences for the PC-fruit parts (seeds and skin) and colors (red and green) vs extract yield and phenolics content (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION PC-and CA-fruits were successfully evaluated where the seeds for the green fruits exhibited more phenolics amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aldholmi
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Alsulays
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wala Alsulais
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Alaswad
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan Ibrahim Almutawah
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Zaki Al Nahab
- Department of Natural Products, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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de Oliveira Neto RS, de Souza Lima LA, Titato PCG, de Andrade FB, Vivan RR, Alcalde MP, Duarte MAH. Effectiveness of a new endodontic irrigation system for removing smear layer and dissolving simulated organic matter. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:10. [PMID: 38127289 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the potential for the dissolution of organic tissue in areas of simulated complexity and cleaning of root canal walls of the new iVac® endodontic irrigation system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty mandibular premolars were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy before and after biomechanical preparation. Then, they were distributed according to the final irrigation protocol into groups with conventional irrigation, ultrasonic agitation with metallic insert (UA), and iVac® system, and new photomicrographs were obtained. For tissue dissolution analysis, glass capillaries filled with catgut were attached to the cervical and apical thirds of twenty-one prototyped upper incisors. They were weighed before and after the previously mentioned irrigation protocols. The data were statistically compared with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The final irrigation provided greater cleaning of the root canal walls in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals (P < 0.05), with no statistically significant difference between UA and iVac®, regardless of the analyzed thirds. Both ultrasonic irrigation protocols dissolved a significantly greater volume than the conventional irrigation protocol (P < 0.05), with no difference between the two protocols (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The iVac® system showed root canal wall cleaning and tissue dissolution similar to UA with a metallic insert, and both were superior to conventional irrigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The new irrigation system iVac is more effective than conventional irrigation and has similar root canal wall cleaning and tissue dissolution to UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Luana Arantes de Souza Lima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Cesar Gomes Titato
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, Vila Universitária Bauru, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil
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Suo K, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Yang Z, Zhou C, Chen W, Wang J. Ultrasonic synergistic slightly acidic electrolyzed water processing to improve postharvest storage quality of Chinese bayberry. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 101:106668. [PMID: 37918295 PMCID: PMC10638035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In the postharvest storage of Chinese bayberry, microbial loads and exogenous contaminants pose significant challenges, leading to rapid decay and deterioration in quality. This study introduced a synergistic approach, combining ultrasonics and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (US + SAEW), to enhance the postharvest storage quality of Chinese bayberry. This approach was benchmarked against conventional water washing (CW), standalone ultrasonic (US), and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) processing. Notably, compared to CW, the US + SAEW method enhanced iprodione and procymidone removal rates by 69.62 % and 72.45 % respectively, improved dirt removal efficiency by 122.87 %, repelled drosophila melanogaster larvae by 58.33 %, and curtailed total bacterial, mold & yeast growth by 78.18 % and 83.09 %. Furthermore, it postponed the appearance of sample decay by 6 days, compared to 4 days for both US and SAEW alone. From a physicochemical perspective, compared to CW-treated samples, US + SAEW processing mitigated weight loss and color deviations, retained hardness, amplified the sugar-acid ratio, augmented activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes, suppressed polyphenol oxidase activity and malondialdehyde synthesis, and preserved total phenolic, anthocyanin, and antioxidant levels. These findings underscore the potential of US + SAEW as a strategic tool to preserve the quality of Chinese bayberry during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Suo
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yabin Feng
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; Haitong Food (Ninghai) Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315602, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Phillips N, Remedios SW, Nikolaidou A, Baracskai Z, Adamatzky A. No ultrasounds detected from fungi when dehydrated. Ultrasonics 2023; 135:107111. [PMID: 37598499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms (including certain plant species) can be observed to emit sounds, potentially signifying threat alerts. Sensitivity to such sounds and vibrations may also play an important role in the lives of fungi. In this work, we explore the potential of ultrasound activity in dehydrating fungi, and discover that several species of fungi do not emit sounds (detectable with conventional instrumentation) in the frequency range of 10kHz to 210kHz upon dehydration. Over 5 terabytes of ultrasound recordings were collected and analysed. We conjecture that fungi interact via non-sound means, such as electrical or chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Phillips
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Samuel W Remedios
- Department of Computer Science, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Nikolaidou
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Zlatko Baracskai
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Adamatzky
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Guillermic RM, Franczyk AJ, Kerhervé SO, House JD, Page JH, Koksel F. Characterization of the mechanical properties of high-moisture meat analogues using low-intensity ultrasound: Linking mechanical properties to textural and nutritional quality attributes. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113193. [PMID: 37803530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based meat analogues offer possible alternatives to meat consumption. However, many challenges remain to produce a palatable meat analogue as well as to understand the roles of different processing steps and ingredients on both the texture and nutritional properties of the final product. The goal of this paper is to help with addressing these challenges by using a low-intensity ultrasonic transmission technique, both online and 24 h after production, to investigate high-moisture meat analogues made from a blend of soy and wheat proteins. To understand the ultrasonic data in the context of traditional characterization methods, physical properties (meat analogue thickness, density, peak cutting force) and protein nutritional quality attributes of the meat analogues were also characterized separately. The ultrasonic velocity was found to decrease with the feed moisture content and to be strongly correlated (r = 0.97) with peak cutting force. This strong correlation extends over a wide range of moisture contents from 58% to 70%, with the velocity decreasing from about 1730 m/s to 1660 m/s over this range. The protein quality was high for all moistures, with the highest amino acid score and in vitro protein digestibility being observed for the highest moisture content treatment. The accuracy of the ultrasonic measurements was enhanced by the development of an innovative non-contact method, suitable for materials exhibiting low ultrasonic attenuation, to measure the meat analogue thickness ultrasonically and in a sanitary fashion - an advance that is potentially useful for online monitoring of production problems (e.g., extruder barrel-fill and cooling-die temperature issues). This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of using ultrasonic transmission techniques to measure both velocity and sample thickness simultaneously and provide information in real time during production that is well correlated with some textural and nutritional attributes of meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-M Guillermic
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Département de Sciences Mathématiques et Physique, Université de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - A J Franczyk
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - S O Kerhervé
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J H Page
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - F Koksel
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Gutiérrez-Riveroll KI, Dosta-Herrera JJ, Mejía-Picazo HJ, Lozada-Rosete KG, SPérez-Penilla MA. [Ultrasound-guided caudal block with ropivacaine in infraumbilical surgeries in pediatric patients]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2023; 61:S445-S452. [PMID: 37934911 PMCID: PMC10746332 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8319756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of local anesthetics as part of multimodal analgesia is an attractive concept in pediatric patients, since the evaluation and management of pain is a challenge in children under 7 years of age. Despite having guidelines and multiple studies on volume calculation, no safe and effective recommendation has been issued. Objective To demonstrate that ultrasound-guided caudal block with a dose of 0.75 mL/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine has the same analgesic effect as a dose of 1.2 mL/kg. Material and methods Randomized, prospective, longitudinal, comparative equivalence clinical trial. One hundred patients 0-7 years of age scheduled for elective or emergency infraumbilical surgery were enrolled between April 2021 and January 2022. Children were randomized 1:1 to be assigned to ultrasound-guided caudal block. Results 100 patients divided into two groups with 0.2% ropivacaine volumes (0.75 mL vs. 1.2 mL). Both groups demonstrated the trans-anesthetic and post-anesthetic sedoanalgesia variables without significant differences for both groups on the FLACC pain scale after surgery and in recovery (p > 0.5), in the pain reassessment on the FLACC scale in the office called chronic pain (p > 0.5) in both groups. No complications were reported in the follow-up consultations and no arrhythmias were reported in both groups during surgery. Conclusions the results of both groups did not show differences between a volume of 0.75 mL and 1.2 mL, the administration of 0.2% ropivacaine is favored with the use of ultrasound, which allows effective administration of lower doses of local anesthetic with reduced risk of complications. It is necessary to carry out studies in other types of surgery to compare the use of less volume of local anesthetic compared to the Melman formula used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Itzel Gutiérrez-Riveroll
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital General “Dr. Gaudencio González Garza”, Departamento de Anestesia Pediátrica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Juan José Dosta-Herrera
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital General “Dr. Gaudencio González Garza”, Jefatura del Servicio de Anestesia. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Héctor Jorge Mejía-Picazo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital General “Dr. Gaudencio González Garza”, Departamento de Anestesia Pediátrica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Karla Guadalupe Lozada-Rosete
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Hospital General “Dr. Gaudencio González Garza”, Departamento de Anestesia Pediátrica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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Manickam S, Camilla Boffito D, Flores EMM, Leveque JM, Pflieger R, Pollet BG, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonics and sonochemistry: Editors' perspective. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 99:106540. [PMID: 37542752 PMCID: PMC10430610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic waves can induce physical and chemical changes in liquid media via acoustic cavitation. Various applications have benefitted from utilizing these effects, including but not limited to the synthesis of functional materials, emulsification, cleaning, and processing. Several books and review articles in the public domain cover both fundamental and applied aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. The Editors of the Ultrasonics Sonochemistry journal possess diverse expertise in this field, from theoretical and experimental aspects of acoustic cavitation to materials synthesis, environmental remediation, and sonoprocessing. This article provides Editors' perspectives on various aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry that may benefit students and early career researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei, Faculty of Engineering, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Leveque
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Department of Sciences and Mountain Training, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Rachel Pflieger
- Université Montpellier, Marcoule Institute in Separation Chemistry (ICSM), Marcoule, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Liu B, Han L, Xu H, Su JJ, Zhan D. Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprint Lithography: Forcing Mass Transfer to Enhance the Localized Etching Rate of GaAs. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300491. [PMID: 37493590 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nanoimprint lithography (ECNL) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating three-dimensional micro/nano-structures (3D-MNSs) directly on semiconductor wafers. This technique is based on a localized corrosion reaction induced by the contact potential across the metal/semiconductor boundaries. The anodic etching of semiconductor and the cathodic reduction of electron acceptors occur at the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interface and the Pt mold surface, respectively. However, the etching rate is limited by the mass transfer of species in the ultrathin electrolyte layer between the mold and the workpiece. To overcome this challenge, we introduce the ultrasonics effect into the ECNL process to facilitate the mass exchange between the ultrathin electrolyte layer and the bulk solution, thereby improving the imprinting efficiency. Experimental investigations demonstrate a positive linear relationship between the reciprocal of the area duty ratio of the mold and the imprinting efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of ultrasonics improves the imprinting efficiency by approximately 80 %, irrespective of the area duty ratio. The enhanced imprinting efficiency enables the fabrication of 3D-MNSs with higher aspect ratios, resulting in a stronger light trapping effect. These results indicate the prospective applications of ECNL in semiconductor functional devices, such as photoelectric detection and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Lianhuan Han
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Jia Su
- Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dongping Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Otsuka P, Chinbe R, Tomoda M, Matsuda O, Tanaka Y, Profunser D, Kim S, Jeon H, Veres I, Maznev A, Wright O. Imaging phonon eigenstates and elucidating the energy storage characteristics of a honeycomb-lattice phononic crystal cavity. Photoacoustics 2023; 31:100481. [PMID: 37214426 PMCID: PMC10192931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We extend gigahertz time-domain imaging to a wideband investigation of the eigenstates of a phononic crystal cavity. Using omnidirectionally excited phonon wave vectors, we implement an ultrafast technique to experimentally probe the two-dimensional acoustic field inside and outside a hexagonal cavity in a honeycomb-lattice phononic crystal formed in a microscopic crystalline silicon slab, thereby revealing the confinement and mode volumes of phonon eigenstates-some of which are clearly hexapole in character-lying both inside and outside the phononic-crystal band gap. This allows us to obtain a quantitative measure of the spatial acoustic energy storage characteristics of a phononic crystal cavity. We also introduce a numerical approach involving toneburst excitation and the monitoring of the acoustic energy decay together with the integral of the Poynting vector to calculate the Q factor of the principal in-gap eigenmode, showing it to be limited by ultrasonic attenuation rather than by phonon leakage to the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.H. Otsuka
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - R. Chinbe
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - M. Tomoda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - O. Matsuda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - D.M. Profunser
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Jeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - I.A. Veres
- Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - A.A. Maznev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, United States of America
| | - O.B. Wright
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
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Uhlig S, Alkhasli I, Schubert F, Tschöpe C, Wolff M. A review of synthetic and augmented training data for machine learning in ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation. Ultrasonics 2023; 134:107041. [PMID: 37352575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has seen increasing application of machine learning (ML) in recent years, promoting higher-level automation and decision-making in flaw detection and classification. Building a generalized training dataset to apply ML in non-destructive evaluation (NDE), and thus UT, is exceptionally difficult since data on pristine and representative flawed specimens are needed. Yet, in most UT test cases flawed specimen data is inherently rare making data coverage the leading problem when applying ML. Common data augmentation (DA) strategies offer limited solutions as they don't increase the dataset variance, which can lead to overfitting of the training data. The virtual defect method and the recent application of generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) in UT are sophisticated DA methods targeting to solve this problem. On the other hand, well-established research in modeling ultrasonic wave propagations allows for the generation of synthetic UT training data. In this context, we present a first thematic review to summarize the progress of the last decades on synthetic and augmented UT training data in NDE. Additionally, an overview of methods for synthetic UT data generation and augmentation is presented. Among numerical methods such as finite element, finite difference, and elastodynamic finite integration methods, semi-analytical methods such as general point source synthesis, superposition of Gaussian beams, and the pencil method as well as other UT modeling software are presented and discussed. Likewise, existing DA methods for one- and multidimensional UT data, feature space augmentation, and GANs for augmentation are presented and discussed. The paper closes with an in-detail discussion of the advantages and limitations of existing methods for both synthetic UT training data generation and DA of UT data to aid the decision-making of the reader for the application to specific test cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS, Dresden, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS Cognitive Material Diagnostics Project Group, KogMat(D), Cottbus, Germany
| | - Ilkin Alkhasli
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS, Dresden, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS Cognitive Material Diagnostics Project Group, KogMat(D), Cottbus, Germany
| | - Frank Schubert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constanze Tschöpe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS, Dresden, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS Cognitive Material Diagnostics Project Group, KogMat(D), Cottbus, Germany
| | - Matthias Wolff
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, BTU C-S, Chair of Communications Engineering, Cottbus, Germany.
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Gupta J, Taneja S, Bharti R, Bhalla V, Jain A. Effect of laser bleaching, ultrasonic scaling and powered tooth brushing on surface roughness and bacterial adherence of class V composite restorations. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:429-435. [PMID: 37274090 PMCID: PMC10233206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare the effect of diode laser assisted bleaching, ultrasonic scaling and powered tooth brushing on surface roughness and bacterial adherence on class V cavities restored with composites. Materials and methods A total of one hundred and twenty samples (40 samples each of Brilliant Everglow, Beautifil II and Heytec-N) were prepared in standardized stainless steel molds. The samples were further subdivided into four subgroups i.e. one control group (without any intervention) and three experimental groups - diode laser assisted bleaching, ultrasonic scaling and powered tooth brushing consisting of 10 sample each. Surface roughness was measured quantitatively with the help of 3D Optical Profilometer. For bacterial adherence analysis S. mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was cultured in BHI medium and samples were evaluated for the presence of viable bacteria using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count. Results obtained were then tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results Diode laser bleaching caused a significant increase in surface roughness and bacterial adherence with lowest mean change exhibited by Heytec-N followed by Beautifil II and highest by Brilliant Everglow group. Similarly, Ultrasonic scaling increased the surface roughness of all the three tested samples with significant difference between the groups. Powered tooth brushing had no effect on the surface roughness and bacterial adherence of the tested composites. Conclusion Diode assisted laser bleaching and ultrasonic caused significantly higher surface roughness and bacterial adherence values for all the tested composites. It may therefore be recommended to do finishing and polishing of restorations after such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Taneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. Bharti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - V.K. Bhalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Açıkgöz HN, Karaman A, Şahin MA, Çaylan ÖR, Büke GC, Yıldırım E, Eroğlu İC, Erson-Bensan AE, Çetin B, Özer MB. Assessment of silicon, glass, FR4, PDMS and PMMA as a chip material for acoustic particle/cell manipulation in microfluidics. Ultrasonics 2023; 129:106911. [PMID: 36528906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the capabilities of different chip materials for acoustic particle manipulation have been assessed with the same microfluidic device architecture, under the same actuator and flow conditions. Silicon, glass, epoxy with fiberglass filling (FR4), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are considered as chip materials. The acoustophoretic chips in this study were manufactured with four different fabrication methods: plasma etching, chemical etching, micromachining and molding. A novel chip material, FR4, has been employed as a microfluidic chip material in acoustophoretic particle manipulation for the first time in literature, which combines the ease of manufacturing of polymer materials with improved acoustic performance. The acoustic particle manipulation performance is evaluated through acoustophoretic focusing experiments with 2μm and 12μm polystyrene microspheres and cultured breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Unlike the common approach in the literature, the piezoelectric materials were actuated with partitioned cross-polarized electrodes which allowed effective actuation of different family of chip materials. Different from previous studies, this study evaluates the performance of each acoustophoretic device through the perspective of synchronization of electrical, vibrational and acoustical resonances, considers the thermal performance of the chip materials with their effects on cell viability as well as manufacturability and scalability of their fabrication methods. We believe our study is an essential work towards the commercialization of acoustophoretic devices since it brings a critical understanding of the effect of chip material on device performance as well as the cost of achieving that performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande N Açıkgöz
- Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Mech. Eng. Department, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Alara Karaman
- Mech. Eng. Department, Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Akif Şahin
- Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Mech. Eng. Department, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Mech. Eng. Department, Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer R Çaylan
- Department Materials Sci.Nanotech. Eng., TOBB Uni. Econ. Tech., 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Göknur C Büke
- Department Materials Sci.Nanotech. Eng., TOBB Uni. Econ. Tech., 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ender Yıldırım
- Mech. Eng. Department, Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem C Eroğlu
- Department Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Çetin
- Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Mech. Eng. Department, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - M Bülent Özer
- Mech. Eng. Department, Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Chalub LO, Nunes GP, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Ferrisse TM, Dos Santos PH, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA, Sivieri-Araujo G. Antimicrobial effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation in root canal treatment: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1343-1361. [PMID: 36757461 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to answer the question as to whether the use of ultrasonic irrigation (UI) results in better antimicrobial activity in root canal disinfection compared to conventional irrigation (CI). METHODS A literature search was performed in the main scientific databases, carried out until October 2021. The eligibility criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Two meta-analyses were conducted using R software with the "META" package. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) measure of effect were calculated. The fixed effect model was applied with a 95% confidence interval. The Cochrane collaboration scale was used to assess risk of bias and the GRADE tool to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS A total of 1782 records were screened, and 12 studies meeting the criteria were included in this review. A low risk of bias was observed for most domains, except allocation concealment that was considered unclear. The certainty of evidence was classified as moderate in the OR meta-analyses and low in the MD meta-analyses. Ultrasonic irrigation resulted in a better antimicrobial effect in both meta-analyses, MD 1.42 [1.60; 1.23] p < 0.0001, I2 = 80%; and OR 3.86 [1.98; 7.53] p< 0.0001, I2 = 28.7%. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this SRM, UI presented better antimicrobial efficacy than CI. CLINICAL RELEVANCE UI should be used by clinicians as it promotes better antimicrobial efficacy in patients undergoing endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Orbolato Chalub
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Betancourt Sevilla MD, Granda González DF. Association between testicular cancer and microlithiasis. Actas Urol Esp 2022; 46:587-599. [PMID: 36216765 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, no evidence determines the relationship between testicular microlithiasis by itself, or in relation with other factors, as a risk factor for the development of testicular tumors. There are no clear recommendations regarding the follow-up of this medical condition. Therefore, this review aims to provide a guide to monitoring these patients, supported by the literature. METHODOLOGY A literature review was carried out in December 2021 in PubMed, Cochrane, and Trip databases, and the selection of the articles was made following the PRISMA 2020 recommendations. RESULTS Overall, the four systematic reviews chosen to conduct the final study determined that the combination of microlithiasis testicular with other risk factors further increased cancer development. However, the likelihood of testicular cancer risk is similar to that of the general population. CONCLUSIONS Patients at risk of developing testicular cancer should undergo personalized monitoring according to their age, associated risk factors, infertility, and testicular dysgenesis syndrome to determine their follow-up needs or perform a testicular biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D F Granda González
- Servicio Urología Oncológica, Hospital Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer SOLCA, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Astolfi L, Hutchins DA, Watson RL, Thomas PJ, Ricci M, Nie L, Freear S, Cooper TP, Clare AT, Laureti S. Optimised polymer trapped-air lenses for ultrasound focusing in water exploiting Fabry-Pérot resonance. Ultrasonics 2022; 125:106781. [PMID: 35671568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of employing air volumes trapped inside polymer shells to make a lens for ultrasound focusing in water is investigated. The proposed lenses use evenly-spaced concentric rings, each having an air-filled polymer shell construction, defining concentric water-filled channels. Numerical simulations and experiments have shown that a plane wave can be focused, and that the amplification can be boosted by Fabry-Pérot resonances within the water channels with an appropriate choice of the lens thickness. The effect of the polymer shell thickness and the depth of the channels is discussed, as these factors can affect the geometry and hence the frequency of operation. The result was a lens with a Full Width at Half Maximum value of 0.65 of a wavelength at the focus. Results obtained on a metal-based counterpart are also shown for comparison. An advantage of this polymeric design is that it is easily constructed via additive manufacturing. This study shows that trapped-air lenses made of polymer are suitable for ultrasound focusing in water near 500 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Astolfi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David A Hutchins
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard L Watson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Peter J Thomas
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marco Ricci
- Department of Informatics, Modelling, Electronics and System Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luzhen Nie
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven Freear
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Timothy P Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam T Clare
- Department of Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stefano Laureti
- Department of Informatics, Modelling, Electronics and System Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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de Mattos de Araujo BM, Cruz ATG, Piasecki L, Webber M, Carneiro E, Westphalen VPD, da Silva Neto UX. Micro-CT evaluation of four final irrigation protocols on hard-tissue debris removal from mesial roots of mandibular molars containing isthmus. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6121-6128. [PMID: 35650363 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate by means of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), the efficacy of four final irrigation protocols in the removal of hard-tissue debris (HTD) in mesial roots of mandibular molars containing isthmus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty standardized mesial roots of extracted mandibular molars presenting isthmus were selected. The root canals were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): EA, EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona); EC, Easy Clean (Easy Dental Equipment, Belo Horizonte, Brazil); XPF, XP-Endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaus-de Fonds, Switzerland); and PUI, passive ultrasonic irrigation using Irrisafe tip (Satelec Acteon, Merignac, France). Each final irrigation protocol was performed in two cycles (60 s), using, respectively, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Micro-CT scans were obtained pre-operatory, post-preparation, and post-irrigation. The percentage of HTD reduction was calculated. Data was analyzed statistically (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, significance set at 5%). RESULTS The percentage of HTD reduction was greatest for the XPF group (77.92%), followed by EA (62.92%), PUI (47.48%), and EC (32.65%). Statistical differences (p < .05) were found between XPF and EC only. A significant difference (p < .05) was found between XPF and EC in all thirds and between PUI and EC in the middle third. CONCLUSIONS XPF, EA, and PUI were similarly effective in HTD reduction. However, none of the evaluated protocols was able to completely remove all the debris. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Final irrigation protocols aim to clean the canal complexities that are not addressed by the shaping procedures. Micro-CT allowed to assess the removal of hard-tissue debris in the isthmus and canals of mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Mariel Webber
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Everdan Carneiro
- Department of Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Tian L, Wang H, Wu T, Yang H, Xu S, Chai X, Zhang K. In-depth analysis of ultrasonic-induced geological pore re-structures. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 85:105990. [PMID: 35349969 PMCID: PMC8965146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating geological pore structures is of paramount importance for geo-energy productions and underground energy storages in porous media. Nevertheless, research emphases for long time have been focused on understanding the pore configurations, while few work conducted to modify and restructure the porous media. This study deploys ultrasonic treatments on typical geological in-situ core samples, with follow-up processes of high-pressure mercury injections and nitrogen adsorptions and interpretations from nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction. The core permeability and porosity are found to increase by 8.3 mD, from 4.1 to 12.4 mD, and by 0.95%, from 14.03% to 14.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, the number and size of the micro- and mesopore are increased with progressing of ultrasonic treatment, while those of the macropore decrease, which finally increase the permeability and porosity. The increase of micro- and mesopore number, from x-ray diffraction results, is attributed to the migration and precipitation of clay minerals caused through ultrasonic wave. The relocation of clay minerals also helps to improve the pore-throat connectivity and modify the micro-scale heterogeneity. Basically, this study reveals the characterizations of geological pore reconfigurations post-ultrasonic treatments and interprets the associated mechanisms, which provides guidance to manipulate the geological pores and be of benefit for further porous media use in science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Haien Yang
- Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- CNPC Logging Co., Ltd. North China Branch, Renqiu 062550, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249, PR China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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20
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Hermann M, Hafner C, Scharner V, Hribersek M, Maleczek M, Schmid A, Schaden E, Willschke H, Hamp T. Remote real-time supervision of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound: a feasibility study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2022; 30:23. [PMID: 35331304 PMCID: PMC8944068 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although prehospital point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining in importance, its rapid interpretation remains challenging in prehospital emergency situations. The technical development of remote real-time supervision potentially offers the possibility to support emergency medicine providers during prehospital emergency ultrasound. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of live data transmission and supervision of prehospital POCUS in an urban environment and so to improve patients’ safety. Methods Emergency doctors with moderate ultrasound experience performed prehospital POCUS in emergency cases (n = 24) such as trauma, acute dyspnea or cardiac shock using the portable ultrasound device Lumify™. The ultrasound examination was remotely transmitted to an emergency ultrasound expert in the clinic for real-time supervision via a secure video and audio connection. Technical feasibility as well as quality of communication and live stream were analysed. Results Prehospital POCUS with remote real-time supervision was successfully performed in 17 patients (71%). In 3 cases, the expert was not available on time and in 1 case remote data transmission was not possible due to connection problems. In 3 cases tele-supervision was restricted to video only and no verbal communication was possible via the device itself due to power saving mode of the tablet. Conclusion Remote real-time supervision of prehospital POCUS in an urban environment is feasible most of the time with excellent image and communication quality. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials Number NCT04612816. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13049-021-00985-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Hafner
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincenz Scharner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Maleczek
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hamp
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Kim S, Nam SN, Park CM, Jang M, Taheri-Qazvini N, Yoon Y. Effect of single and multilayered Ti 3C 2T X MXene as a catalyst and adsorbent on enhanced sonodegradation of diclofenac and verapamil. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:128120. [PMID: 34953257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single and multilayered Ti3C2TX MXene (referred to as SLM and MLM in this study, respectively) was applied as catalysts in the ultrasonic (US) process to treat selected pharmaceutical compounds including diclofenac and verapamil (VRP). Due to solid surface, elemental composition, and functional groups of Ti3C2TX MXene, the free OH• production was increased by 48.8% for the US treatment with SLM and 59.8% for the US treatment with MLM compared with the US-only treatment. Additionally, adsorption affected the performance during the US treatment in the presence of the catalyst. Thus, the US treatment in the presence of Ti3C2TX MXene had an enhanced performance not only because of increased oxidation but also because of adsorption, particularly between positively charged VRP and negatively charged Ti3C2TX MXene. Moreover, although the degradation of the performance was higher for SLM (85.1%) than for MLM (81.8%), by improving the dispersion and reducing the size via sonication, the US treatment in the presence of MLM showed the highest synergy effect. In other words, the US treatment in the presence of MLM showed higher performance than the simple sum of oxidation and adsorption. These findings confirm that the US treatment in the presence of MLM may be a promising technology to treat various pharmaceuticals as a more degradable, strongly reusable, and less toxic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewoon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seong-Nam Nam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Korea Army Acamemy at Yeong-Cheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Kokyungmeon, Yeong-Cheon, Gyeongbuk 38900, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadar Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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22
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Gotipamul PP, Vattikondala G, Rajan KD, Khanna S, Rathinam M, Chidambaram S. Impact of piezoelectric effect on the heterogeneous visible photocatalysis of g-C 3N 4/Ag/ZnO tricomponent. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132298. [PMID: 34610539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the piezophotocatalytic mechanism had been intensively recognized as a potential and promising route to sewage treatment. Here we report the piezoelectric effect improved heterogeneous photocatalysis of g-C3N4/Ag/ZnO (g-CN/A/Z) tricomponent in rhodomine B (RhB) degradation. Initially, the nanomaterials were characterized for their physico-chemical and optoelectronic properties using analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning & transmission electron microscopes (SEM & TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). In addition, the photoelectrochemical activity of determining the photocurrent density and electrochemical impendence response were also been conducted. The catalytic properties of the tricomponent, g-CN/A/Z was studied with the degradation of RhB with visible photons irradiation and ultrasonication. In piezophotocatalysis, degradation up to 89% of RhB was achieved with 1.26 folds synergetic effect on par to the photocatalysis and piezocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan P Gotipamul
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India
| | - Ganesh Vattikondala
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India
| | - Karthik Dilly Rajan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India
| | - Maheswaran Rathinam
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India
| | - Siva Chidambaram
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603 203, India.
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23
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Sinsareekul C, Hiran-Us S. Comparison of the efficacy of three different supplementary cleaning protocols in root-filled teeth with a bioceramic sealer after retreatment-a micro-computed tomographic study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3515-3521. [PMID: 34854988 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the efficacy of three different supplementary cleaning protocols on the removal of bioceramic-based root canal filling materials from oval-shaped canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 human mandibular premolars were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha and iRoot SP using the single-cone technique. Retreatment was performed with ProTaper Universal retreatment files. The samples were randomly divided into the following supplementary cleaning protocols: conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP-endo Finisher R (XPR). The samples underwent micro-CT scanning to quantify the amount of residual filling materials after retreatment and after performing the cleaning protocols. The volume of filling material removal was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni and Games-Howell tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS There were significant differences in the amount of root canal filling material removal in every comparison group (P < 0.05). The XPR removed significantly more residual filling materials (P < 0.01) followed by PUI and CSI (P < 0.05). Similar efficacy was found in the total root canal and all root thirds. CONCLUSIONS The additional use of XP-endo Finisher R and passive ultrasonic irrigation effectively removed the bioceramic-obturated root filling materials from the oval-shaped canals. However, none of the techniques completely removed the filling materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The XP-endo Finisher R and passive ultrasonic irrigation exhibited greater efficacy compared with syringe irrigation in the reduction of residual filling materials after retreatment in root-filled teeth with a bioceramic sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Sinsareekul
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Hiran-Us
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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24
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Kalkowski MK, Lowe MJS, Barth M, Rjelka M, Köhler B. How does grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy work? A study based on grain-scale numerical simulations. Ultrasonics 2021; 114:106387. [PMID: 33610965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy (GIUM) is an experimental method for visualising the microstructures of polycrystals with local preferential orientations. It has previously been demonstrated on an austenitic stainless steel weld, exposing grains much smaller than the propagating wavelength, but the physical mechanism of the method has only been proposed as a hypothesis. In this paper, we use grain-scale finite element simulations based on the EBSD measurements to verify the principles behind GIUM images further and to assess how deep does the method penetrate the component under examination. The simulations indicate that while lateral contraction of grains contains microstructure signatures, the free surface effect is the crucial factor contributing to the generation of the images. Further, we show that only features up to the depth in the order of the average grain size in that direction can be visualised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Rjelka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Nie G, Hu K, Ren W, Zhou P, Duan X, Xiao L, Wang S. Mechanical agitation accelerated ultrasonication for wastewater treatment: Sustainable production of hydroxyl radicals. Water Res 2021; 198:117124. [PMID: 33862388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low efficiency in energy conversion has long been the bottleneck in sonochemistry-based water treatment technologies. In this work, we reported a simple and efficient strategy by introducing mechanical agitation into a low powered ultrasonic system to facilitate the production of cavitation bubbles. The coupled system remarkably intensifies the evolution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for degradation of refractory organic pollutants. We in-situ monitored the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by selective scavenging tests and chemical trapping experiments. The operational factors such as rotation speed, gas atmosphere, solution temperature and pH were carefully evaluated for their impacts on the degradation of a plastic microcontaminant, diethyl phthalate (DEP). It was found that the degradation efficiency is closely related to the population of cavitation bubbles in the solution, which was collaboratively governed by the aforementioned factors. A high mechanical agitation speed (600 rpm), great solubility of inert gas atmosphere (Argon), and low reaction temperature (15 ºC) are beneficial to the generation of cavitation bubbles and the associated production of ROS. This work shows a facile strategy to intensify the mechanical energy-to-chemical conversion and provides new mechanistic insights into the ultrasound-based advanced oxidation without external chemical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kunsheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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26
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Liu W, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Bai R, Ma C, Yang J, Sun D. Identification of three novel pathogenic mutations in sarcomere genes associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on multi-omics study. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:43-52. [PMID: 34087240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, but exhibits heterogeneous clinical features. A major research focus is to identify specific ultrasonic phenotypes, and causal gene mutations, as well as to elucidate the possible metabolic pathogenic effects in familial HCM through multi-omics study. METHODS Nine members of two familial HCM pedigrees were enrolled in this study. Their clinical data were collected, and the data of multiparameter ultrasound, whole-exome sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics were analyzed. RESULTS We identified three novel pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations, TNNT2-rs397516484, MYH6-rs372446459 and MYBPC3-rs786204339 in two familial HCM pedigrees. The proband of Family 1 and his father carried TNNT2-rs397516484 and MYH6-rs372446459 missense mutations, while the proband of Family 2 and her brother carried MYBPC3-rs786204339 frameshift mutation. They presented with heart failure and abnormal electrocardiogram, accompanied by diastolic and systolic dysfunction and impaired myocardial work. They also showed disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, including the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Novel TNNT2-rs397516484, MYH6-rs372446459, and MYBPC3-rs786204339 are pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations in familial HCM, leading to decreased cardiac function and metabolic disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, which have important implications for biologically defined diagnoses and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zongkai Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ruocen Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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27
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Lacaze B. Random propagation times for ultrasonics through polyethyilene. Ultrasonics 2021; 111:106313. [PMID: 33242782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low power ultrasonics are used for testing high density polyethylene pipe material. Attenuation and velocity give valuable information on the material in situ and without damages. In this paper we revisit recent data in the frequency band (4,10) megahertz. We prove that propagation is equivalent to random delays following stable probability laws. Moreover, the emergence of a companion noise non-detectable by devices is compliant with the law of conservation of energy.
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28
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Kim YS, Park JS, Jang YH, Son JH, Kim WK, Lee YK, Kim SH. Accuracy of periodontal probe visibility in the assessment of gingival thickness. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2021; 51:30-39. [PMID: 33634613 PMCID: PMC7920840 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2003880194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was undertaken to examine whether periodontal probe visibility (PV) accurately reflects gingival thickness (GT) and to identify factors affecting PV using cluster and multivariate analyses. Methods The clinical characteristics of the maxillary central incisors (n=90 subjects) were examined. Clinical photographs, sex, PV, probing depth, gingival width, papilla height, GT as measured with an ultrasonic device, and the ratio of crown width to crown length were recorded. Multivariate analysis, using multinomial baseline-category logistic regression, was used to identify factors predictive of PV. Cluster analysis was used to identify gingival biotypes. Results In the multivariate analysis, sex was the only significant predictor of PV (odds ratio, 6.48). Two clusters of subjects were created based on morphometric parameters. The mean GT among cluster A subjects was significantly lower than that among cluster B subjects (P=0.015). No significant difference was found between cluster A and B subjects in terms of PV score (P=0.583). Conclusions Periodontal PV was not associated with GT as measured directly using an ultrasonic device. Sex was a highly significant predictor of periodontal PV. GT was found to be correlated with morphological characteristics of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoo Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Lin YC, Yu YC, Huang YT, Wu YY, Wang TC, Huang WC, Yang MD, Hsu YP. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for small bowel obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2021; 136:109565. [PMID: 33516142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate diagnosis of small bowel obstruction (SBO) remains challenging. The evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound varies among studies, with reporting sensitivity ranging from 82 % to 100 % and specificity ranging from 54 % to 100 %. The aim of our study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound for diagnosing SBO. METHOD The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from database inception to March 2020. Randomized controlled trials, quasi randomized studies, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for the diagnosis of bowel obstruction in adult patients (age ≥ 16 years) were eligible. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The pooled sensitivities, specificities were analyzed using a bivariate random-effects model. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020170010). RESULTS Fifteen studies, with most rating as a moderate risk of bias, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 92 % (95 % CI: 89%-95%) and 93 % (95 % CI: 85%-97%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in sensitivity when ultrasound was performed on different continents, in different settings, and under different reference standards. However, the specificity was significantly lower when ultrasound was performed in the North America, in the emergency department, and when computed tomography was used as the only reference standard. CONCLUSIONS Overall, ultrasound is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of SBO. Using ultrasound to rule in patients with SBO should be used with caution, as variations in the specificity were observed in different study setting, operators from different continents and reference standards used.
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30
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Sahrmann P, Winkler S, Gubler A, Attin T. Assessment of implant surface and instrument insert changes due to instrumentation with different tips for ultrasonic-driven debridement. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:25. [PMID: 33413296 PMCID: PMC7791805 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the changes of implant surfaces of different roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic-driven scaler tips of different materials. Methods Experiments were performed on two moderately rough surfaces (I—Inicell® and II—SLA®), one surface without pre-treatment (III) and one smooth machined surface (IV). Scaler tips made of steel (A), PEEK (B), titanium (C), carbon (D) and resin (E) were used for instrumentation with a standardized pressure of 100 g for ten seconds and under continuous automatic motion. Each combination of scaler tip and implant surface was performed three times on 8 titanium discs. After instrumentation roughness was assessed by profilometry, morphological changes were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, and element distribution on the utmost surface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results The surface roughness of discs I and II were significantly reduced by instrumentation with all tips except E. For disc III and IV roughness was enhanced by tip A and C and, only for IV, by tip D. Instrumentation with tips B, D and E left extensive residuals on surface I, II and III. The element analysis of these deposits proved consistent with the elemental composition of the respective tip materials. Conclusion All ultrasonic instruments led to microscopic alterations of all types of implants surfaces assessed in the present study. The least change of implant surfaces might result from resin or carbon tips on machined surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Winkler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhu M, Zhao M, Hu B, Wang Y, Li Y, Song J. Efficacy of glycine powder air-polishing in supportive periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2021; 51:147-162. [PMID: 34114379 PMCID: PMC8200386 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.1902340117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP) in patients during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) compared to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling. METHODS The authors searched for randomized clinical trials in 8 electronic databases for relevant studies through November 15, 2019. The eligibility criteria were as follows: population, patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing SPT; intervention and comparison, patients treated by GPAP with a standard/nozzle type jet or mechanical instrumentation; and outcomes, bleeding on probing (BOP), patient discomfort/pain (assessed by a visual analogue scale [VAS]), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (Rec), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival epithelium score, and subgingival bacteria count. After extracting the data and assessing the risk of bias, the authors performed the meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 17 studies were included in this study. The difference of means for BOP in patients who received GPAP was lower (difference of means: -8.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -12.10% to -3.95%; P<0.00001; I²=10%) than that in patients treated with hand instrumentation. The results of patient discomfort/pain measured by a VAS (difference of means: -1.48, 95% CI, -1.90 to -1.06; P<0.001; I²=83%) indicated that treatment with GPAP might be less painful than ultrasonic scaling. The results of PD, Rec, PI, and CAL showed that GPAP had no advantage over hand instrumentation or ultrasonic scaling. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that GPAP may alleviate gingival inflammation more effectively and be less painful than traditional methods, which makes it a promising alternative for dental clinical use. With regards to PD, Rec, PI, and CAL, there was insufficient evidence to support a difference among GPAP, hand instrumentation, and ultrasonic scaling. Higher-quality studies are still needed to assess the effects of GPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Meilin Zhao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunji Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Kaddoura RH, Madarati AA. Management of an over-extruded fragment in a C-shaped root canal configuration: A case report and literature review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:431-436. [PMID: 33132814 PMCID: PMC7564934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation of root canal instruments is a common incident during root canal treatments' procedures. The complex configuration of root canal systems is one of the most influencing factors, not only during the occurrence of instrument separation but also during the management of such unpleasant incidents. There are few reports on the management of fractured instruments located in the apical third of the root canals apical, especially those extruded beyond the apex. A 37-year-old woman was referred to an endodontic specialist to complete a root canal treatment after the separation of an endodontic file in the middle-third of the C-shaped root canal configuration (Vertucci type II) of the mandibular second molar. A failed attempt at managing the fragment by the dentist resulted in the backward placement of the fragment, which was more apically, and partial extrusion beyond the root apex. The fractured instrument was successfully and safely retrieved using different procedures and techniques including bypassing the fragment, loosening the fragment using ultrasonics and then removing it by the crab-claw shaped tweezers (Zumax broken instruments removal kit). This case report demonstrates the importance of high magnification provided by the dental operating microscopes and sound clinical skills and judgment, especially in assessing the difficulty of cases that is necessary for various treatment approaches. In addition, the availability of different armamentaria to manage separated instruments is essential. Finally, this case report proposes and advocates the idea of removing fractured instruments extruding beyond the apex without surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami H Kaddoura
- Endodontic & Operative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Ahmad A Madarati
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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Hoshihara Y, Watanabe S, Kouno A, Yao K, Okiji T. Effect of tip insertion depth and irradiation parameters on the efficacy of cleaning calcium hydroxide from simulated lateral canals using Er:YAG laser- or ultrasonic-activated irrigation. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:654-660. [PMID: 33854715 PMCID: PMC8025191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Laser-activated root canal irrigation (LAI) with an Er:YAG laser is considered more effective than other irrigation methods, whereas the effectiveness of LAI in cleaning lateral canals far from the laser tip remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of removing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste from lateral canals using LAI or ultrasonic-activated irrigation (UAI), and to examine the effect of tip insertion depth and laser irradiation parameters on cleaning efficacy. Materials and methods Radiopaque Ca(OH)2 paste (Calcipex II) was injected into lateral canals 6 mm from the root apex in 192 J-shaped simulated root canal models. LAI (Erwin AdvErl; 30 or 70 mJ; 10 or 20 pulses per second; laser tip R200T or R600T) and UAI (ENAC SE10; output setting: 3) were performed 3 times for 20 s. The laser tip was placed at 8–0 mm coronal to the lateral canal location. The volume of Ca(OH)2 paste before and after the experiment was measured using micro-CT (SMX-100CT). Results The Ca(OH)2 removal rate by LAI was significantly higher than UAI at all tip insertion depths. Ca(OH)2 removal rate in LAI was significantly lower at the 8 mm position compared with other positions (P < 0.05). When the tip insertion depth was fixed at this position, Ca(OH)2 removal rate increased significantly when pulse energy and tip diameter were increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion LAI removed Ca(OH)2 paste from lateral canals away from the tip more effectively than UAI. Increasing the pulse energy and tip diameter improved the removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Corresponding author. Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Harzivartyan S, Hazar AB, Kartal N, Cimilli ZH. Evaluation of different irrigation solutions and activation methods on removing calcium hydroxide. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:700-5. [PMID: 33854721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dual Rinse HEDP is a soft chelator which can be used simultaneously with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Dual Rinse HEDP with different irrigation systems on removing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Materials and methods Eighty maxillary central incisor teeth were shaped and a standard groove on the apical third of the root canal surface was prepared. The root canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. Samples were divided into two groups according to the solution and these two groups were divided into three subgroups based on the activation technique. In group 1 (n = 10) Ca(OH)2 was removed using conventional irrigation with NaOCl whereas in group 2 (n = 10) conventional irrigation with NaOCl - Dual Rinse HEDP mixture was used. Group 3 (n = 15) and group 4 (n = 15) received sonic activation with the same irrigants as groups 1 and 2 respectively. In group 5 (n = 15) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used with NaOCl while in group 6 (n = 15) the irrigant was the mixture. The amount of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the artificial grooves were evaluated under a light microscope. Results None of the procedures managed to completely remove the Ca(OH)2 from artificial grooves. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.053). The scores were significantly lower in PUI group compared to the other techniques between NaOCl groups (p = 0.021). Conclusion Dual Rinse HEDP does not make a difference on elimination of Ca(OH)2. PUI is more efficient than both methods when NaOCl solution is used.
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Marcondes RL, Lima VP, Barbon FJ, Isolan CP, Carvalho MA, Salvador MV, Lima AF, Moraes RR. Viscosity and thermal kinetics of 10 preheated restorative resin composites and effect of ultrasound energy on film thickness. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1356-1364. [PMID: 32888725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated viscosity and thermal kinetics of 10 selected preheated restorative resin composites and the effect of ultrasound energy on film thickness. METHODS A range of different resin composites was tested: Charisma Diamond, IPS Empress Direct, Enamel Plus HRi, Essentia, Estelite Omega, Filtek Z100, Filtek Z350 XT, Gradia, TPH Spectrum and VisCalor. A flowable resin composite (Opallis Flow) and two resin cements (RelyX Veneer, Variolink Esthetic LC) also were tested. Viscosity (Pa s) was measured at 37 °C and 69 °C (preheating temperature) using a rheometer. Film thickness (μm) was measured before and after application of ultrasound energy. Temperature loss within resin composite following preheating (°C/s) was monitored. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Viscosity at 69 °C was lower than at 37 °C for all materials except the flowable resin composite. Preheating reduced viscosity between 47% and 92% for the restorative resin composites, which were generally more viscous than the flowable materials. Film thickness varied largely among materials. All preheated resin composites had films thicker than 50 μm without ultrasound energy. Application of ultrasound reduced film thickness between 21% and 49%. Linear and nonlinear regressions did not identify any relationship between filler loading, viscosity, and/or film thickness. All materials showed quick temperature reduction following preheating, showing maximum temperature loss rates after approximately 10 s. SIGNIFICANCE Distinct restorative resin composites react differently to preheating, affecting viscosity and film thickness. The overall performance of the preheating technique depends on proper material selection and use of ultrasound energy for reducing film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verônica P Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabíola J Barbon
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristina P Isolan
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Anápolis University Center (Unievangélica), Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Salvador
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
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Tarpara EG, Patankar VH. Reconfigurable hardware implementation of coherent averaging technique for ultrasonic NDT instruments. Ultrasonics 2020; 105:106106. [PMID: 32172159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paper proposed a novel hardware (FPGA) implementation of the coherent averaging architecture for the reconfigurable ultrasonic NDT system. The proposed hardware architecture uses the addressing based shifting technique for the addition operation and Radix-2 non-restoring algorithm for the division operation. Since the amount of hardware required by the proposed averaging scheme is independent of the number of averages, it supports on-the-fly control on the number of averages. Compared to conventional architecture, it provides 96% reduction in memory storage, 98% reduction in the number of adders, and 32% reduction in the processing time for the case of 64 coherent averages. For the experimentation, the ultrasonic imaging system designed and developed by the authors has been utilized. The developed system further supports dynamic on-line reconfiguration of the analog front-end hardware, real-time data acquisition, real-time hardware based data processing, and data transfer operations. The performance of implemented coherent averaging has been presented by various applications such as removal of RF random false-echoes, smoothing of A-scan waveforms and speckle removal of B-scan images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eaglekumar G Tarpara
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400094, India; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - V H Patankar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400094, India; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India
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Ballal NV, Gandhi P, Shenoy PA, Dummer PMH. Evaluation of various irrigation activation systems to eliminate bacteria from the root canal system: A randomized controlled single blinded trial. J Dent 2020; 99:103412. [PMID: 32585261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of NaOCl irrigant activation using passive ultrasonic activation, F-files, XP-endo Finisher files and or needle irrigation alone on the reduction of intracanal bacteria from root canals in teeth undergoing root canal treatment. METHODS Eighty patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly divided into four groups. Access cavities were prepared and pre-treatment samples were taken (S1). Canals were then prepared and post-instrumentation samples (S2) taken. NaOCl was then activated with the various irrigant activation systems and post-irrigation samples (S3) taken. The samples were processed and colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria were determined. The reduction in CFUs among the experimental groups were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test and pairwise comparisons with the Mann-Whitney test. The Friedman test was used to compare the differences in the reduction of CFUs within the groups. RESULTS Overall, for all groups there was a significant reduction in the CFUs from S1 to S2 (P < 0.05) and from S2 to S3 (P < 0.05). Both XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic activation techniques were associated with the greatest reduction in CFUs with no significant difference between them (P = 0.24). However, both were associated with significantly lower CFUs when compared to F-file activation and needle irrigation (P < 0.05). F-file activation reduced the CFUs significantly more compared to needle irrigation (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS XP-endo Finisher file activation and passive ultrasonic activation were equivalent in terms of reduction in CFUs. F-file activation did not reduce the CFUs to the same extent as the XP-endo Finisher file and ultrasonic activation but reduced the CFUs more than needle irrigation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study highlights the effect of new XP-endo Finisher file and passive ultrasonic activation in reducing the bacterial load from the root canal system which is important for the success of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Poornika Gandhi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmaja A Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Chan A, Coutts B, Parent E, Lou E. Development and Evaluation of CT-to-3D Ultrasound Image Registration Algorithm in Vertebral Phantoms for Spine Surgery. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:310-321. [PMID: 32533392 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Posterior spinal fusion surgery requires careful insertion of screws into the spine to avoid neurologic injury. While current systems use CT-scans, three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) could provide guidance by reconstructing the vertebral surface, and then registering a pre-operative vertebral model to that surface for localization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and processing time of a custom CT-3DUS registration algorithm. A phantom human vertebra was 3D-printed and scanned with a motion capture-based 3D ultrasound (3DUS) system. Image registration was performed that included a pre-alignment phase using vertebral symmetry information, and then comparing Gaussian pyramid intensity-based registration with iterative-closest-point registration for final transformations. Image registration was performed 192 times while surgical registration between CT and real-world position was performed 84 times. The accuracy of image registration (CT-to-3DUS) was 0.3 ± 0.2 mm and 0.9 ± 0.8° completed in 13.3 ± 2.9 s. The surgical navigation accuracy (CT model to real-world position) of the system was 1.2 ± 0.5 mm and 2.2 ± 2.0° completed in 16.2 ± 3.0 s. Both meet accuracy thresholds of < 2 mm and < 5° required for the surgery. A feasibility study on porcine spine qualitatively showed appropriate overlapping anatomy in CT-3DUS registrations. The usage of 3D ultrasound for navigation has demonstrated accuracy to provide radiation-free image guidance for spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, 1098 Research Transition Facility, 8308-114 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Brendan Coutts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo ICE 11-203, 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Eric Parent
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-50 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G4, Canada
| | - Edmond Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, 1098 Research Transition Facility, 8308-114 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo ICE 11-203, 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Pruthi PJ, Nawal RR, Talwar S, Verma M. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit for the removal of separated endodontic instruments. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e14. [PMID: 32483532 PMCID: PMC7239682 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK. Results The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Jain Pruthi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, DL, India
| | - Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, DL, India
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, DL, India
| | - Mahesh Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, DL, India
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Cafer Cilek E, Ciftci H, Goksu Karagoz S, Tuzci G. Extraction of silver from a refractory silver ore by sono-cyanidation. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 63:104965. [PMID: 31954875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effect of ultrasound on silver extraction from a refractory silver ore containing both native silver and various silver sulphide minerals was investigated. Main effects and interaction effects of pulp density, ultrasonic frequency, cyanide concentration, air flow rate and agitation speed on the extraction rate of silver were studied by a two-level fractional factorial experimental design. A few additional cyanidation tests were also conducted to verify the findings of the designed experiments. It was found that the overall extraction yield was varied from 67% to 90% depending on the operating conditions used in the sono-cyanidation tests (48 h). However, it was varied from 63% to 80% by same operating conditions used in the direct cyanidation tests at the same cyanidation time. It was observed that an increase in the ultrasonic frequency has a negligible effect on the silver recovery. More importantly, it was determined that there were insignificant differences between the 24-h sono-cyanidation results and the 48-h direct cyanidation results for each cyanidation conditions. This finding, which is very important from the cyanidation practice standpoint, indicates that the cyanidation time can be reduced up to 50%, or the capacity of an operating silver extraction plant can be increased up to 100% by the sono-cyanidation by the refractory silver ores. In order to describe the rate of silver dissolution in the cyanide solutions, the experimental data were analysed using shrinking core models. It was found that there is a good fit between the experimental data and the models, indicating the rate of silver dissolution in cyanide can be described by a two-stage, porous layer diffusion controlled, shrinking core model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Cafer Cilek
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, S. Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ciftci
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, S. Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sermin Goksu Karagoz
- Centre for Innovative Technologies Research and Applications (YETEM), S. Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gozde Tuzci
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, S. Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Bathula C, K S, Kumar K A, Yadav H, Ramesh S, Shinde S, Shrestha NK, Mallikarjuna K, Kim H. Ultrasonically driven green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus for catalytic reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111026. [PMID: 32344163 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel ultrasonically driven bio-reduction method was adopted to reduce the palladium chloride into palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs@CA) using coleus amboinicus extract as a green synthetic protocol. XRD confirms the formation of phase pure cubic Pd nanoparticles with the crystallite size range of 40-50 nm. The UV-vis spectrum reveals the formation of Pd nanoparticles by the disappeared peak at 480 nm of PdCl2 solution. The size distribution and surface morphology of prepared Pd nanoparticles showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with less agglomeration. The catalytic reduction behaviour of the Pd suspension is studied by 4-nitro phenol reduction process in 8 min further confirms its high catalytic performance. Synthesized PdNPs@CA were explored in ultrasound promoted Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction to determine the catalytic behaviour with ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and power of 150 W (Power sonic 410 bath sonicator) and its recycling ability is determined. It was found that aryl halides reacted with aryl boronic acids to obtain biaryl compound with excellent reaction yields in the presence of PdNPs@CA only in 30 min using PEG-400 as a green solvent. PdNPs@CA can be recovered efficiently and reused for 7 cycles without loss of its catalytic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Subalakshmi K
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Kumar K
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hemraj Yadav
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivalingam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendra Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nabeen K Shrestha
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - K Mallikarjuna
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712 749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haekyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712 749, Republic of Korea.
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Oduncuoğlu BF, Yamanel K, Koçak ZŞ. In Vitro Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Effects of Sonic and Ultrasonic Instrumentations on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:37-42. [PMID: 32284897 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sonic and ultrasonic instrumentations generate vibrations that may influence debonding characteristics. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of sonic and ultrasonic periodontal instrumentations on the shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of metallic orthodontic brackets. Methods Metallic brackets were bonded to 75 extracted mandibular central incisors that were embedded in acrylic resin. Instrumentations around the bracket base performed with ultrasonic (UltrasonicB group, n=15) and sonic (SonicB group, n=15) scalers were used to evaluate the direct effects on the SBS of brackets. Lingual surface instrumentations with ultrasonic (UltrasonicL group, n=15) and sonic (SonicL group, n=15) scalers were performed to assess the indirect effects. The control group (n=15) did not have any treatment. Instrumentations were performed for 30 s with 0° scaler tip angulations with settings recommended by manufacturers. The SBS of the brackets tested with a universal testing machine and ARI scores were recorded. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The mean SBS of the control group was significantly higher than that of the UltrasonicB and SonicB groups (p=0.008). The UltrasonicL and SonicL group instrumentations also decreased the SBS, although the difference was statistically insignificant. UltrasonicB instrumentations caused significantly higher frequency of ARI scores than the control group. Conclusion The decrease of the SBS of metallic brackets indicates the influence of ultrasonic and sonic instrumentations on the breakage behavior at the bracket-resin interface. Instrumentations around the bracket base should be conducted with caution to decrease the bond failure risk of metallic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kıvanç Yamanel
- Department of Periodontology, Başkent University School of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zahire Şahinoğlu Koçak
- Department of Orthodontics, Başkent University Dr. Turgut Noyan Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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Rafati M, Rahimzadeh MR, Moladoust H. Evaluation Of Atherosclerosis Severity Based On Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness Changes: A New Diagnostic Criterion. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:2950-2957. [PMID: 31405604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.07.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify instant intima-media thickness changes (ΔIMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA) during cardiac cycle in order to assess atherosclerosis progression. Using a computerized semi-automated method, instant IMT changes were extracted in the two walls of the left CCA (240 consecutive patients) using B-mode ultrasound images. We found that CCA ΔIMT increased from 8 ± 4% of IMTmax in the controls to 15 ± 6% of IMTmax in the severe stenosis group. According to the multiple ordinal regression analysis, ΔIMT was associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 4.95; p < 0.001), independent of sex (OR, 1.11; p = 0.04), age (OR, 1.14; p < 0.001), body mass index; OR, 1.13; p = 0.036), hypertension (OR, 2.04; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.38; p = 0.045) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.54; p = 0.002). We concluded that increment of CCA ΔIMT during the cardiac cycle was strongly and independently associated with severity of carotid artery stenosis or atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehravar Rafati
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Moladoust
- Healthy Heart Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Chuang HC, Su HC, Sanchez J. The characteristics of nickel film produced by supercritical carbon dioxide electroplating with ultrasonic agitation. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 57:48-56. [PMID: 31208618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study uses a novel fabrication method of thin metal coatings by Ni electroplating combining ultrasonic agitation with supercritical CO2 (US-SC-CO2) mixed into conventional electrolyte. Coatings were also produced by the conventional and regular SC-CO2 electroplating methods for comparison. The characteristics obtained from the three fabrication methods such as surface morphology, hardness, roughness; crystallographic orientation, grain size; wear and corrosion resistance were all individually analyzed. Results show that plating quality achieved by US-SC-CO2 method is superior to that of regular SC-CO2 and conventional methods. With US-SC-CO2 process we achieved smoother and more compact surface morphologies, smaller grain size, lower surface roughness and higher microhardness, which also suggests good wear resistance. From XRD analysis we observed changes in preferred orientation due to application of the various methods. From the results of US-SC-CO2 electroplating and the operating mechanism of ultrasonic agitation we can confirm that this new type of ultrasonic agitation can indeed replace the role of surfactants to enhance coating aspect and properties, reducing their influence over the deposited metal coating, associated costs, and waste. In H2SO4 solution, the nickel coating fabricated by US-SC-CO2 method displayed the best polarization resistance among the three processes. More detailed experimental results and in depth discussion are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Chih Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Ioannidis K, Niazi S, Mylonas P, Mannocci F, Deb S. The synthesis of nano silver-graphene oxide system and its efficacy against endodontic biofilms using a novel tooth model. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1614-1629. [PMID: 31530433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The deleterious caustic effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a root canal irrigant makes it imperative that alternative methods are developed for root canal disinfection. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized on an aqueous graphene oxide (GO) matrix (Ag-GO), with different irrigant delivery methods to enhance the disinfection regimen, using a novel ex vivo infected tooth model. METHODS AgNPs were prepared by reducing AgNO3 with 0.01M NaBH4 in presence of GO. Elemental analysis was performed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used for size and morphology analysis of GO and Ag-GO. Nutrient stressed, multi-species biofilms were grown in prepared root canals of single-rooted teeth. The irrigants used were sterile saline, 1% and 2.5% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 17% EDTA and an aqueous suspension of 0.25% Ag-GO. The antimicrobial efficacy of the irrigants were performed with paper point sampling and measurement of microbial counts. The biofilm disruption in dentine tubule surfaces was analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The acquisition of total biovolume (μm3/μm2) and biofilm viability was performed using software BioImage_L. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey tests was used for data analysis with level of statistical significance set at P<0.05. RESULTS SEM/EDS analysis confirmed impregnation of Ag within the GO matrix. TEM images showed polygonal GO sheets and spherical AgNPs of diameter 20-50nm, forming a network on the surface of GO sheets. The use of ultrasonic activation enhanced the efficacy of Ag-GO compared to 1% NaOCl, 2% CHX, 17% EDTA and sterile saline (P<0.05). The microbial killing efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl was superior compared to the experimental groups. The maximum biofilm disruption, in dentine tubule surfaces, was achieved by 2.5% NaOCl, however Ag-GO caused a significant reduction of total biovolumes compared to the rest of the experimental groups (P<0.05%). SIGNIFICANCE The successful documentation of the microbial killing and biofilm disruption capacity of Ag-GO is a promising step forward to explore its unique properties in clinical applications and biomaterials in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sadia Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Postgraduate Centre, Floor 22, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Petros Mylonas
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Kumagai H, Taniguchi N, Yokoyama K, Katsuyama K, Yamamoto H, Hara S, Hirota N, Itoh K, Yamagata T. The Speed of Sound in Rat Liver With Steatohepatitis: Ex Vivo Analysis Using Two Types of Ultrasound Systems. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:2258-2265. [PMID: 31153716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported a non-invasive method that would be clinically applicable for measurement of speed of sound (SOS) in the liver. The objective of the present study was to confirm the utility of this new method for assessing over time the SOS in liver with progressive steatohepatitis of different grades and stages. Rats were divided into two groups-a control group and a steatohepatitis group-prepared by keeping the rats on a methionine and choline-deficient diet for 43 wk. The SOS through the liver tissue was measured using the new method in comparison with a pulse-receiver as the standard. The SOS through liver with steatohepatitis temporarily decreased with the fat deposition level and then increased in parallel with the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Monitoring the change in SOS through liver tissue in individual patients with fatty liver would have considerable potential for assisting the non-invasive detection of early-stage steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kumagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koji Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kimito Katsuyama
- Imaging Technology Center, R & D Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Imaging Technology Center, R & D Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Hara
- Imaging Technology Center, R & D Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Hirota
- Hirota Surgical Pathology Institute, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Saiseikai Rikuzentakata Clinic, Rikuzentakata, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Chillara VK, Davis ES, Pantea C, Sinha DN. Ultrasonic Bessel beam generation from radial modes of piezoelectric discs. Ultrasonics 2019; 96:140-148. [PMID: 30833182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present comprehensive analytical and experimental investigations on ultrasonic Bessel beam generation from radial modes of piezoelectric disc transducers. The Bessel vibration pattern of the radial modes was experimentally measured using Laser Doppler Vibrometry and was found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from numerical simulations. Ultrasonic beam profiles from the first four radial modes of the piezoelectric disc were measured using a hydrophone in a water tank. The results obtained from the experimental scans were compared to the predictions from an analytical model and were found to be in very good agreement. Also, the Bessel beams generated from the radial modes (except the first) of the piezoelectric discs were found to have narrow beam width for the central lobe compared to those from an ideal piston source of same size. The proposed approach of using radial modes for Bessel beam generation finds applications in imaging, acoustic particle manipulation and trapping, and acousto-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Chillara
- Acoustics and Sensors Team, Material Physics and Applications (MPA-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Eric S Davis
- Acoustics and Sensors Team, Material Physics and Applications (MPA-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA; Department of Physics, University of Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Cristian Pantea
- Acoustics and Sensors Team, Material Physics and Applications (MPA-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA
| | - Dipen N Sinha
- Acoustics and Sensors Team, Material Physics and Applications (MPA-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA
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Vasiljević BN, Obradović M, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milojević-Rakić M, Jovanović Z, Gavrilov N, Holclajtner-Antunović I. In situ synthesis of potassium tungstophosphate supported on BEA zeolite and perspective application for pesticide removal. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:136-147. [PMID: 30975316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potassium tungstophosphate is supported on BEA zeolite by in situ synthesis for glyphosate removal. Spectroscopic measurements identified hydrogen bonding as a primal interaction of potassium salt and BEA zeolite. Composites are evaluated for glyphosate herbicide removal and adsorption process is analyzed using two isotherm models. Obtained adsorption capacities for all prepared composites lay between 45.2 and 92.2 mg of glyphosate per gram of investigated composite. Suspension acidity revealed that glyphosate is adsorbed mainly in the zwitter-ion form at the composite surface while the amount of potassium salt in the composites is crucial for the adsorption application. Exceptional adsorption behavior is postulated to come from a high degree of homogeneity among surface active sites which is confirmed by different experimental methods. Temperature programmed desorption of glyphosate coupled with mass spectrometer detected one broad, high-temperature peak which represents overlapped desorption processes from active sights of similar strength. Introduction of potassium tungstophosphate affects active sites present in BEA zeolite for glyphosate desorption and significantly increases the amount of adsorbed pesticide in comparison to BEA zeolite. Supporting of potassium tungstophosphate on BEA zeolite via in situ synthesis procedure enables the formation of highly efficient adsorbents and revealed their perspective environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Obradović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
| | | | | | - Zoran Jovanović
- Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
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Moon SM, Choe J, Jeong BH, Um SW, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Lee K. Diagnostic Performance of Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound without a Guide-Sheath and the Feasibility of Molecular Analysis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2019; 82:319-327. [PMID: 31172704 PMCID: PMC6778742 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2018.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), is effective for tissue diagnosis of lung lesions. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of R-EBUS both a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy and identified factors associated with accurate diagnosis. The feasibility of molecular and genetic testing, using specimens obtained by R-EBUS, was also investigated. METHODS The study retrospectively reviewed 211 patients undergoing R-EBUS without a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy, June 2016-May 2017. After excluding 27 patients of which the target lesion was not reached, 184 were finally included. Multivariate logistic regression was used, to identify factors associated with accurate diagnosis. RESULTS Among 184 patients, R-EBUS-guided biopsy diagnosed malignancy in 109 patients (59%). The remaining 75 patients (41%) with non-malignant results underwent additional work-ups, and 34 were diagnosed with malignancy. Based on final diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy was 80% (136/170), and sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 76% (109/143) and 100% (27/27), respectively. In multivariate analysis, peripheral location (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.925; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.203-12.811; p=0.023), and central position of the probe (aOR, 2.435; 95% CI, 1.424-7.013; p=0.035), were associated with accurate diagnosis of malignancy. Molecular and genetic analyses were successful, in all but one case, with inadequate specimens. CONCLUSION R-EBUS-guided biopsy without equipment, is effective for tissue diagnosis. Peripheral location and central position of the radial probe, were crucial for accurate diagnosis. Performance of molecular and genetic testing, using samples obtained by R-EBUS, was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Mi Moon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junsu Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Jung Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hudson TB, Auwaijan N, Yuan FG. Guided Wave-based System for Real-time Cure Monitoring of Composites using Piezoelectric Discs and Phase-shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings. J Compos Mater 2019; 53:969-979. [PMID: 31631901 PMCID: PMC6800677 DOI: 10.1177/0021998318793512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A real-time, in-process cure monitoring system employing a guided wave-based concept for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was developed. The system included a single piezoelectric disc that was bonded to the surface of the composite for excitation, and an embedded phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) for sensing. The PS-FBG almost simultaneously measured both quasi-static strain and the ultrasonic guided wave-based signals throughout the cure cycle. A traditional FBG was also used as a base for evaluating the high sensitivity of the PS-FBG sensor. Composite physical properties (degree of cure and glass transition temperature) were correlated to the amplitude and time of arrival of the guided wave-based measurements during the cure cycle. In addition, key state transitions (gelation and vitrification) were identified from the experimental data. The physical properties and state transitions were validated using cure process modeling software (e.g., RAVEN®). This system demonstrated the capability of using an embedded PS-FBG to sense a wide bandwidth of signals during cure. The distinct advantages of a fiber optic-based system include multiplexing of multiple gratings along a single optical fiber, small size compared to piezoelectric sensors, ability to embed or surface mount, utilization in harsh environments, electrically passive operation, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity. The embedded PS-FBG fiber optic sensor can monitor the entire life-cycle of the composite structure from curing, post-cure/assembly, and in-service creating "smart structures".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Hudson
- NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, 6A West Taylor Street, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, United States
| | - Nicolas Auwaijan
- NASA Interns and Fellowships (NIFS), 6A West Taylor Street, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, United States
| | - Fuh-Gwo Yuan
- North Carolina State University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 911 Oval Drive - 3306 EBIII, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
- National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States
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