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Pang M, Tu T, Wang Y, Zhang P, Ren M, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z. Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Haemophilus parasuis based on pan-genome and immunoinformatics approaches. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1053198. [PMID: 36644533 PMCID: PMC9835091 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1053198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glässer's disease, caused by Haemophilus parasuis (HPS), is responsible for economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. However, the existing commercial vaccines offer poor protection and there are significant barriers to the development of effective vaccines. Methods In the current study, we aimed to identify potential vaccine candidates and design a multi-epitope vaccine against HPS by performing pan-genomic analysis of 121 strains and using a reverse vaccinology approach. Results The designed vaccine constructs consist of predicted epitopes of B and T cells derived from the outer membrane proteins of the HPS core genome. The vaccine was found to be highly immunogenic, non-toxic, and non-allergenic as well as have stable physicochemical properties. It has a high binding affinity to Toll-like receptor 2. In addition, in silico immune simulation results showed that the vaccine elicited an effective immune response. Moreover, the mouse polyclonal antibody obtained by immunizing the vaccine protein can be combined with different serotypes and non-typable Haemophilus parasuis in vitro. Conclusion The overall results of the study suggest that the designed multi-epitope vaccine is a promising candidate for pan-prophylaxis against different strains of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Teng Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yin Wang
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Xu JH, Dai WJ, Chen B, Fan XY. Mucosal Immunization with PsaA Protein, Using Chitosan as a Delivery System, Increases Protection Against Acute Otitis Media and Invasive Infection byStreptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:177-85. [PMID: 25565478 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-H. Xu
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - W.-J. Dai
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - B. Chen
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - X.-Y. Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Verhoeven D, Pichichero ME. Divergent mucosal and systemic responses in children in response to acute otitis media. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:94-101. [PMID: 24889648 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM), induced by respiratory bacteria, is a significant cause of children seeking medical attention worldwide. Some children are highly prone to AOMs, suffering three to four recurrent infections per year (prone). We previously determined that this population of children could have diminished anti-bacterial immune responses in peripheral blood that could fail to limit bacterial colonization in the nasopharynx (NP). Here, we examined local NP and middle ear (ME) responses and compared them to peripheral blood to examine whether the mucosa responses were similar to the peripheral blood responses. Moreover, we examined differences in effector cytokine responses between these two populations in the NP, ME and blood compartments at the onset of an AOM caused by either Streptococcus pneumoniae or non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. We found that plasma effector cytokines patterned antigen-recall responses of CD4 T cells, with lower responses detected in prone children. ME cytokine levels did not mirror blood, but were more similar to the NP. Interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 in the NP were similar in prone and non-prone children, while IL-2 production was higher in prone children. The immune responses diverged in the mucosal and blood compartments at the onset of a bacterial ME infection, thus highlighting differences between local and systemic immune responses that could co-ordinate anti-bacterial immune responses in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verhoeven
- Rochester General Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
Otitis media is a major cause of morbidity in 80% of all children less than 3 years of age and often goes undiagnosed in the general population. There is evidence to suggest that the incidence of otitis media is increasing. The major cause of otitis media is infection of the middle ear with microbes from the nasopharynx. The anatomical orientation of the eustachian tube, in association with a number of risk factors, predisposes infants and young children to the infection. Bacteria are responsible for approximately 70% of cases of acute otitis media, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis predominating as the causative agents. The respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza and influenza, account for 30% of acute otitis media cases. Over the past decade, there has been a profound increase in the reported resistance to antibiotics, which, with increased disease burden, has focussed attention on vaccine development for otitis media. A polymicrobial formulation containing antigens from all major pathogens would have the greatest potential to deliver a sustained reduction in the disease burden globally. The disappointing outcomes for otitis media seen with the polysaccharide pneumococcal conjugate vaccine have raised major challenges for the vaccination strategy. Clearly, more knowledge is required concerning immune mechanisms in the middle ear, as well as vaccine formulations containing antigens that are more representative of the polymicrobial nature of the disease. Antigens that have been extensively tested in animal models are now available for testing in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan W Cripps
- Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, PMB 50, Gold Coast, MC, QLD, 9726, Australia.
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Godlewska R, Wiśniewska K, Pietras Z, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal) of Gram-negative bacteria: function, structure, role in pathogenesis and potential application in immunoprophylaxis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 298:1-11. [PMID: 19519769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Pal (peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein) is anchored in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria and interacts with Tol proteins. Tol-Pal proteins form two complexes: the first is composed of three inner membrane Tol proteins (TolA, TolQ and TolR); the second consists of the TolB and Pal proteins linked to the cell's OM. These complexes interact with one another forming a multiprotein membrane-spanning system. It has recently been demonstrated that Pal is essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, although its role in virulence has not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the available data concerning the structure and function of Pal and its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Godlewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Trune DR, Zheng QY. Mouse models for human otitis media. Brain Res 2009; 1277:90-103. [PMID: 19272362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) remains the most common childhood disease and its annual costs exceed $5 billion. Its potential for permanent hearing impairment also emphasizes the need to better understand and manage this disease. The pathogenesis of OM is multifactorial and includes infectious pathogens, anatomy, immunologic status, genetic predisposition, and environment. Recent progress in mouse model development is helping to elucidate the respective roles of these factors and to significantly contribute toward efforts of OM prevention and control. Genetic predisposition is recognized as an important factor in OM and increasing numbers of mouse models are helping to uncover the potential genetic bases for human OM. Furthermore, the completion of the mouse genome sequence has offered a powerful set of tools for investigating gene function and is generating a rich resource of mouse mutants for studying the genetic factors underlying OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Trune
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Mail Code NRC04, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Sabirov A, Metzger DW. Mouse models for the study of mucosal vaccination against otitis media. Vaccine 2008; 26:1501-24. [PMID: 18295938 PMCID: PMC2323831 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. The pathogenesis of OM involves nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization and retrograde ascension of the pathogen up the Eustachian tube into the middle ear (ME). Due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for vaccines to prevent infections caused by the most common causes of bacterial OM, including nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Current vaccine strategies aim to diminish bacterial NP carriage, thereby reducing the likelihood of developing acute OM. To be effective, vaccination should induce local mucosal immunity both in the ME and in the NP. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that the intranasal route of vaccination is particularly effective at inducing immune responses in the nasal passage and ME for protection against OM. The mouse is increasingly used in these models, because of the availability of murine reagents and the existence of technology to manipulate murine models of disease immunologically and genetically. Previous studies confirmed the suitability of the mouse as a model for inflammatory processes in acute OM. Here, we discuss various murine models of OM and review the applicability of these models to assess the efficacy of mucosal vaccination and the mechanisms responsible for protection. In addition, we discuss various mucosal vaccine antigens, mucosal adjuvants and mucosal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sabirov
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Dennis W. Metzger
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
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