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Lu F, Li J, Wang B, Cheng Y, Kong DH, Cui L, Ha KS, Sattabongkot J, Tsuboi T, Han ET. Profiling the humoral immune responses to Plasmodium vivax infection and identification of candidate immunogenic rhoptry-associated membrane antigen (RAMA). J Proteomics 2014; 102:66-82. [PMID: 24607491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Completion of sequencing of the Plasmodium vivax genome and transcriptome offers the chance to identify antigens among >5000 candidate proteins. To identify those P. vivax proteins that are immunogenic, a total of 152 candidate proteins (160 fragments) were expressed using a wheat germ cell-free system. The results of Western blot analysis showed that 92.5% (148/160) of the targets were expressed, and 96.6% (143/148) were in a soluble form with 67.7% of solubility rate. The proteins were screened by protein arrays with sera from 22 vivax malaria patients and 10 healthy individuals to confirm their immune profile, and 44 (27.5%, 44/160) highly reactive P. vivax antigens were identified. Overall, 5 candidates (rhoptry-associated membrane antigen [RAMA], Pv-fam-a and -b, EXP-1 and hypothetical protein PVX_084775) showed a positive reaction with >80% of patient sera, and 21 candidates with 50% to 80%. More than 23% of the highly immunoreactive proteins were hypothetical proteins, described for the first time in this study. One of the top immunogenic proteins, RAMA, was characterized and confirmed to be a serological marker of recent exposure to P. vivax infection. These novel immunoproteomes should greatly facilitate the identification of promising novel malaria antigens and may warrant further study. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The establishment of high-throughput cloning and expression systems has permitted the construction of protein arrays for proteome-wide study of Plasmodium vivax. In this study, high-throughput screening assays have been applied to investigate blood stage-specific immune proteomes from P. vivax. We identified 44 antigenic proteins from the 152 putative candidates, more than 23% of which were hypothetical proteins described for the first time in this study. In addition, PvRAMA was characterized further and confirmed to be a serological marker of exposure to infections. The expression of one-third of the selected antigenic genes were shifted between P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that these genes may represent important factors associated with P. vivax selectivity for young erythrocytes and/or with immune evasion. These novel immune proteomes of the P. vivax blood stage provide a baseline for further prospective serological marker studies in malaria. These methods could be used to determine immunodominant candidate antigens from the P. vivax genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hoon Kong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Targett GAT, Moorthy VS, Brown GV. Malaria vaccine research and development: the role of the WHO MALVAC committee. Malar J 2013; 12:362. [PMID: 24112689 PMCID: PMC4021081 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO Malaria Vaccine Advisory Committee (MALVAC) provides advice to WHO on strategic priorities, activities and technical issues related to global efforts to develop vaccines against malaria. MALVAC convened a series of meetings to obtain expert, impartial consensus views on the priorities and best practice for vaccine-related research and development strategies. The technical areas covered during these consultations included: guidance on clinical trial design for candidate sporozoite and asexual blood stage vaccines; measures of efficacy of malaria vaccines in Phase IIb and Phase III trials; standardization of immunoassays; the challenges of developing assays and designing trials for interventions against malaria transmission; modelling impact of anti-malarial interventions; whole organism malaria vaccines, and Plasmodium vivax vaccine-related research and evaluation. These informed discussions and opinions are summarized here to provide guidance on harmonization of strategies to help ensure high standards of practice and comparability between centres and the outcome of vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A T Targett
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT UK.
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N-terminal Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1, a potential subunit for malaria vivax vaccine. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:965841. [PMID: 24187566 PMCID: PMC3804292 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human malaria is widely distributed in the Middle East, Asia, the western Pacific, and Central and South America. Plasmodium vivax started to have the attention of many researchers since it is causing diseases to millions of people and several reports of severe malaria cases have been noticed in the last few years. The lack of in vitro cultures for P. vivax represents a major delay in developing a functional malaria vaccine. One of the major candidates to antimalarial vaccine is the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1), which is expressed abundantly on the merozoite surface and capable of activating the host protective immunity. Studies have shown that MSP-1 possesses highly immunogenic fragments, capable of generating immune response and protection in natural infection in endemic regions. This paper shows humoral immune response to different proteins of PvMSP1 and the statement of N-terminal to be added to the list of potential candidates for malaria vivax vaccine.
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RAFIEIAN-KOPAEI M, NASRI H, ALIZADEH F, ATAEI B, BARADARAN A. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Malaria falciparum Infection; a Rare Association. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 42:529-33. [PMID: 23802112 PMCID: PMC3684463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular involvement occurs as a rare form of renal manifestation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Here, we report a rare case of falciparum malaria-associated IgA nephropathy. A 28-year-old man was admitted because of fever and abdominal pain. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) showed right kidney pyonenphrosis. Despite placing a nephrostomy tube, fever continued. Repeated CT was in favor of focal pyelonephritis. In addition, peripheral blood smear suggested malaria. Anti-malarial drugs were initiated and right nephrectomy was performed. One year after recovery from malaria, a persistent rise in serum creatinine was detected. A left kidney biopsy showed mesangial proliferation and dominant IgA deposits in immunofluorescence study while C1q was not deposited. The impression was IgA nephropathy with M1E0S0T0 of Oxford classification. The patient was prescribed a combination of low dose prednisolone and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Six months after treatment serum creatinine decreased from 1.6 mg/dL to 1.3mg/dL and urine abnormalities were disappeared. Our findings suggest that malaria infection might be associated with IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid NASRI
- Dept. of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Farshid ALIZADEH
- Dept. of Urology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz ATAEI
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azar BARADARAN
- Dept. of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vannice KS, Brown GV, Akanmori BD, Moorthy VS. MALVAC 2012 scientific forum: accelerating development of second-generation malaria vaccines. Malar J 2012; 11:372. [PMID: 23140365 PMCID: PMC3519521 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) convened a malaria vaccines committee (MALVAC) scientific forum from 20 to 21 February 2012 in Geneva, Switzerland, to review the global malaria vaccine portfolio, to gain consensus on approaches to accelerate second-generation malaria vaccine development, and to discuss the need to update the vision and strategic goal of the Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap. This article summarizes the forum, which included reviews of leading Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates for pre-erythrocytic vaccines, blood-stage vaccines, and transmission-blocking vaccines. Other major topics included vaccine candidates against Plasmodium vivax, clinical trial site capacity development in Africa, trial design considerations for a second-generation malaria vaccine, adjuvant selection, and regulatory oversight functions including vaccine licensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Vannice
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graham V Brown
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bartholomew D Akanmori
- Immunization and Vaccines Development Programme, Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Vasee S Moorthy
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, 1211-CH 27, Switzerland
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Yildiz Zeyrek F, Palacpac N, Yuksel F, Yagi M, Honjo K, Fujita Y, Arisue N, Takeo S, Tanabe K, Horii T, Tsuboi T, Ishii KJ, Coban C. Serologic markers in relation to parasite exposure history help to estimate transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28126. [PMID: 22140521 PMCID: PMC3226671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax infection has been gaining attention because of its re-emergence in several parts of the world. Southeastern Turkey is one of the places in which persistent focal malaria caused exclusively by P. vivax parasites occurs. Although control and elimination studies have been underway for many years, no detailed study has been conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying the ineffective control of malaria in this region. Here, for the first time, using serologic markers we try to extract as much information as possible in this region to get a glimpse of P. vivax transmission. We conducted a sero-immunological study, evaluating antibody responses of individuals living in Sanliurfa to four different P. vivax antigens; three blood-stage antigens (PvMSP1₁₉, PvAMA1-ecto, and PvSERA4) and one pre-erythrocytic stage antigen (PvCSP). The results suggest that a prior history of malaria infection and age can be determining factors for the levels and sustainability of naturally acquired antibodies. Significantly higher antibody responses to all the studied antigens were observed in blood smear-negative individuals with a prior history of malaria infection. Moreover, these individuals were significantly older than blood smear-negative individuals with no prior history of infection. These data from an area of sole P. vivax-endemic region may have important implications for the global malaria control/elimination programs and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadile Yildiz Zeyrek
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nirianne Palacpac
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fehmi Yuksel
- Department of Microbiology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Masanori Yagi
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Honjo
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujita
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arisue
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeo
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanabe
- Laboratory of Malariology, International Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Murine immune responses to a Plasmodium vivax-derived chimeric recombinant protein expressed in Brassica napus. Malar J 2011; 10:106. [PMID: 21529346 PMCID: PMC3098821 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a plant-based vaccine against Plasmodium vivax, two P. vivax candidate proteins were chosen. First, the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a major asexual blood stage antigen that is currently considered a strong vaccine candidate. Second, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a component of sporozoites that contains a B-cell epitope. METHODS A synthetic chimeric recombinant 516 bp gene encoding containing PvMSP-1, a Pro-Gly linker motif, and PvCSP was synthesized; the gene, named MLC, encoded a total of 172 amino acids. The recombinant gene was modified with regard to codon usage to optimize gene expression in Brassica napus. The Ti plasmid inducible gene transfer system was used for MLC chimeric recombinant gene expression in B. napus. Gene expression was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) assay, and Western blot. RESULTS The MLC chimeric recombinant protein expressed in B. napus had a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa. It exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 84.21% (n=38) and a clinical specificity of 100% (n=24) as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with MLC chimeric recombinant protein successfully induced antigen-specific IgG1 production. Additionally, the Th1-related cytokines IL-12 (p40), TNF, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the spleens of the BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS The chimeric MLC recombinant protein produced in B. napus has potential as both as an antigen for diagnosis and as a valuable vaccine candidate for oral immunization against vivax malaria.
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