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da Costa AC, de Souza Barbosa LC, Kipnis A, Junqueira-Kipnis AP. Decreased Expression of CD314 by NK Cells Correlates with Their Ability to Respond by Producing IFN-γ after BCG Moscow Vaccination and Is Associated with Distinct Early Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1297. [PMID: 37631865 PMCID: PMC10458680 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to vaccines is complex and results in various outcomes. BCG vaccination induces innate and specific responses that can lead to protection against tuberculosis, and cross-protection against other infections. NK cells have been associated with BCG-induced protection. Therefore, we hypothesize that differences in NK cell status before BCG vaccination may have a role in the ability of BCG to activate the immune response. Participants of a clinical trial were evaluated after BCG vaccination. The participants were assigned to different groups according to variation in IFN-γ expression by NK cells between days 1 and 15 after BCG vaccination. Individuals that presented a higher increase in IFN-γ expression by NK cells presented reduced CD314 expression at day 1, and after vaccination an increase in inflammatory NK cells and CD4 T-cell expression of IL-17. A negative correlation between expression of CD314 at day 1 and that of IFN-γ by NK cells after BCG vaccination was observed. Participants with lower of IFN-γ expression by NK cells after BCG vaccination presented an increase in the cytotoxic NK subpopulation and CD4 T-cell expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ. In conclusion, the expression of CD314 by NK cells before BCG vaccination influences their IFN-γ responses, generation of NK subpopulations, and the specific T immune response at 15 days after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeliane Castro da Costa
- Campus Goiânia, Goiás Estácio de Sá University, Goiânia 74063-010, ZC, Brazil;
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, ZC, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Lília Cristina de Souza Barbosa
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, ZC, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.B.); (A.K.)
| | - André Kipnis
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, ZC, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, ZC, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.B.); (A.K.)
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Debisarun PA, Kilic G, de Bree LCJ, Pennings LJ, van Ingen J, Benn CS, Aaby P, Dijkstra H, Lemmers H, Domínguez-Andrés J, van Crevel R, Netea MG. The impact of BCG dose and revaccination on trained immunity. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109208. [PMID: 36565972 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system can display heterologous memory-like responses termed trained immunity after stimulation by certain vaccinations or infections. In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the modulation of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced trained immunity by BCG revaccination or high-dose BCG administration, in comparison to a standard dose. We show that monocytes from all groups of BCG-vaccinated individuals exerted increased TNFα production after ex-vivo stimulation with various unrelated pathogens. Similarly, we observed increased amounts of T-cell-derived IFNγ after M. tuberculosis exposure, regardless of the BCG intervention. NK cell cytokine production, especially after heterologous stimulation with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, was predominantly boosted after high dose BCG administration. Cytokine production capacity before vaccination was inversely correlated with trained immunity. While the induction of a trained immunity profile is largely dose- or frequency independent, baseline cytokine production capacity is associated with the magnitude of the innate immune memory response after BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya A Debisarun
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lian J Pennings
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, Danish Institute of Advanced Science, Uni. Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Institute of Advanced Science, Uni. Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Rakshit S, Ahmed A, Adiga V, Sundararaj BK, Sahoo PN, Kenneth J, D’Souza G, Bonam W, Johnson C, Franken KL, Ottenhoff TH, Finak G, Gottardo R, Stuart KD, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Vyakarnam A. BCG revaccination boosts adaptive polyfunctional Th1/Th17 and innate effectors in IGRA+ and IGRA- Indian adults. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130540. [PMID: 31743110 PMCID: PMC6975271 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is protective against Tuberculosis (TB) in children, but its efficacy wanes with age. Consequently, determining if BCG revaccination augments anti-TB immunity in young adults in TB endemic regions is vital.METHODSTwo hundred healthy adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were tested for their IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) status. Of these, 28 IGRA+ and 30 IGRA- were BCG revaccinated, and 24 IGRA+ and 23 IGRA- subjects served as unvaccinated controls. T and innate cell responses to mycobacterial antigens were analyzed by 14-color flow cytometry over 34 weeks.RESULTSIFN-γ and/or IL-2 Ag85A- and BCG-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were boosted by revacciantion at 4 and 34 weeks, respectively, and were > 2-fold higher in IGRA+ compared with IGRA- vaccinees. Polyfunctional Ag85A, BCG, and mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latency Ag-specific (LTAg-specific) CD4+ T cells expressing up to 8 cytokines were also significantly enhanced in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees relative to unvaccinated controls, most markedly in IGRA+ vaccinees. A focused analysis of Th17 responses revealed expansion of Ag85A-, BCG-, and LTAg-specific total IL-17A+,IL-17F+,IL-22+, and IL-10+ CD4+ T cell effectors in both IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects. Also, innate IFN-γ+ NK/γδ/NKT cell responses were higher in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees compared with controls. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that BCG revaccination significantly boosts antimycobacterial Th1/Th17 responses in IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects.CONCLUSIONThese data show that BCG revaccination is immunogenic in IGRA- and IGRA+ subjects, implying that Mtb preinfection in IGRA+ subjects does not impact immunogenicity. This has implications for public health and vaccine development strategies.FUNDINGThis work was funded principally by DBT-NIH (BT/MB/Indo-US/HIPC/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Rakshit
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath K. Sundararaj
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pravat Nalini Sahoo
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - John Kenneth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Kees L.M.C. Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Peleteiro TS, Oliveira ES, Conceição EL, Nascimento-Sampaio F, Alcântara-Neves NM, Mendes CMC, Bessa TCB. Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination on serum IgE levels in a randomized controlled trial. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0081-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Theolis Costa Barbosa Bessa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Rede Brasileira de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Brasil
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Revisiting the Heterogeneous IFN-γ Response of Bacille of Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Revaccinated Healthy Volunteers in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Effect of the Body Mass Index and of the IFNG+874 A/T Polymorphism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160149. [PMID: 27472280 PMCID: PMC4966948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In trials evaluating the immune responses to Bacille of Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the genetic background and the nutritional status are host-related factors that could affect the heterogeneity in these parameters. The IFNG+874 A/T (rs 62559044) polymorphism has been reported to influence the IFN-γ production by BCG-vaccinated individuals challenged in vitro with mycobacterial antigens. The body mass index (BMI) is a proxy for the nutritional status and has been associated both with the susceptibility to tuberculosis and with the IFN-γ response. We show that although the IFNG+874 A/T polymorphism was not associated with the heterogeneity of IFN-γ production in a randomized controlled trial that evaluated long-term immune responses to BCG revaccination previously conducted in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, the effect of this polymorphism on the observed increase in IFN-γ production among revaccinated subjects was adjusted in individuals with a low BMI.
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Individual-level factors associated with variation in mycobacterial-specific immune response: Gender and previous BCG vaccination status. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 96:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Martins RDM, Possas CDA, Homma A. Historical review of clinical vaccine studies at Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation--technological development issues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:114-24. [PMID: 25742271 PMCID: PMC4371225 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents, from the perspective of technological development and
production, the results of an investigation examining 61 clinical studies with
vaccines conducted in Brazil between 1938-2013, with the participation of the Oswaldo
Cruz Institute (IOC) and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). These studies have
been identified and reviewed according to criteria, such as the kind of vaccine
(viral, bacterial, parasitic), their rationale, design and methodological strategies.
The results indicate that IOC and Fiocruz have accumulated along this time
significant knowledge and experience for the performance of studies in all clinical
phases and are prepared for the development of new vaccines products and processes.
We recommend national policy strategies to overcome existing regulatory and financing
constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Homma
- Bio-Manguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Abstract
Clinical trials of vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are well under way and results are starting to come in. Some of these results are not so encouraging, as exemplified by the latest Aeras-422 and MVA85A trials. Other than empirically determining whether a vaccine reduces the number of cases of active tuberculosis, which is a daunting prospect given the chronic nature of the disease, we have no way of assessing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, investigators seek to identify biomarkers that predict vaccine efficacy. Historically, focus has been on the production of interferon-γ by CD4(+) T cells, but this has not been a useful correlate of vaccine-induced protection. In this Opinion article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the immune control of M. tuberculosis and how this knowledge could be used for vaccine design and evaluation.
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