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Vigezzi GP, Maggioni E, Clavario L, Clerico Mosina L, Raso E, Marjin C, Parrini A, Carbone M, Fugazza S, Marchisio A, Martella M, Mosconi G, Lo Moro G, Bert F, De Vito C, Siliquini R, Odone A. Immunization information systems' implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature. Expert Rev Vaccines 2025. [PMID: 40413630 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2510338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2025] [Accepted: 05/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunization Information Systems (IISs) are essential public health tools, supporting the management and analysis of vaccination data to aid clinical and strategic decision-making. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review investigated global state and operational characteristics of IISs. A comprehensive search across multiple databases up to 6 June 2023, identified 2,612 articles, with 238 included. RESULTS A significant increase in IIS research was observed in recent years, with a strong preference (84.5%) for electronic immunization registries (EIRs). Notably, 36% of IISs operate at the national level, and 47.7% meet the U.S. CDC definition, 17.0% are interoperable with personal health records, and 11.7% provide direct access to vaccination data for vaccinees or their guardians. Other key features include automated reminder systems for recipients and providers (12.1%), near real-time or real-time data entry (11.0%), the inclusion of demographic and socioeconomic data (16.7%), and the capacity to document vaccine refusal or hesitancy (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS IISs contribute to improving population-level surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Persistent limitations related to data standardization, interoperability, and cost-effectiveness evaluation must be addressed. Strengthening these aspects is crucial to fully harness the potential of IISs in various healthcare settings, where enhanced vaccination tracking and targeting are most urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Maggioni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Clavario
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Clerico Mosina
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Raso
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corina Marjin
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Parrini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Carbone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Fugazza
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Marchisio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giansanto Mosconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bert
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Direction, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico, San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Anyiwe K, Erman A, Hassan M, Feld JJ, Pullenayegum E, Wong WWL, Sander B. Characterising the effectiveness of social determinants of health-focused hepatitis B interventions: a systematic review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e366-e385. [PMID: 38184004 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Social determinants of health are important in designing effective interventions for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This systematic review characterises equity-oriented, social determinants of health-focused HBV interventions, and describes their effectiveness in terms of the prevention, care, or treatment of HBV in high-income countries. We searched electronic databases for central concepts of 'HBV', 'equity', 'social determinants of health', 'intervention', and 'Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries'. Screening and data abstraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Data were abstracted from 66 studies; articles with a comparative study design (n=36) were included in the narrative synthesis, highlighting social determinants of health domains of interventions, HBV-relevant health outcomes, and extra-health social determinants of health effects (ie, those effects that extend beyond health outcomes). Synthesis aligned with six emergent themes corresponding to HBV prevention and care: knowledge and education, diagnosis and screening, immunisation, care initiation, engagement with clinical care and treatment, and upstream prevention. Studies presented a heterogeneous array of HBV-relevant health outcomes. Most interventions were tailored for social determinants of health domains of race, ethnicity, culture, and language; drug use; and socioeconomic status. Across the themes, at least two-thirds of interventions showed comparative effectiveness for addressing HBV. Extra-health social determinants of health outcomes were observed for two studies. Considerable diversity in population-level approaches was observed regarding intervention goals and effectiveness; most interventions were effective at enhancing the prevention, care, or treatment of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikanwa Anyiwe
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Aysegul Erman
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marian Hassan
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William W L Wong
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beate Sander
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Trerotoli P, Tafuri S. Sex and age as determinants of the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG among European healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2022; 40:3127-3141. [PMID: 35491343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The international literature shows good evidence of a significant rate of measles susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs). As such, they are an important public health issue. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of susceptible HCWs in EU/EEA countries and in the UK and to explore the characteristics (sex and age differences) and management of those found to be susceptible. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of measles-susceptible HCWs was 13.3% (95 %CI: 10.0-17.0%). In a comparison of serosusceptible female vs. male HCWs, the RR was 0.92 (95 %CI = 0.83-1.03), and in a comparison of age classes (born after vs. before 1980) the RR was 2.78 (95 %CI = 2.20-3.50). The most recent studies proposed the mandatory vaccination of HCWs. DISCUSSION According to our meta-analysis, the prevalence of serosusceptible European HCWs is 13%; HCWs born in the post-vaccination era seem to be at higher risk. Healthcare professionals susceptible to measles are a serious epidemiological concern. Greater efforts should therefore be made to identify those who have yet to be vaccinated and actively encourage their vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
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Lancione S, Alvarez JV, Alsdurf H, Pai M, Zwerling AA. Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e007462. [PMID: 35039309 PMCID: PMC8764994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCG vaccine is a widely given vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet studies on effectiveness have shown considerable heterogeneity; as a result, BCG vaccine policies vary greatly across the globe and change across geography, and with time and disease burden. The recently updated third BCG World Atlas (www.bcgatlas.org) is a publicly available online database with information on BCG practices across 194 countries. This helpful resource has been used for over 10 years to support clinicians, TB researchers and TB vaccine development worldwide. Here, we summarise main findings from the third BCG Atlas' most recent update which included additional data collected around BCG strain type, vaccine stockouts and associated changes. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of changes in TB incidence over time, a method becoming more common in legislation interventions. A large number of countries in the BCG Atlas (156/194 countries) maintain universal neonatal BCG vaccination, of which 51 are considered low TB burden countries. We demonstrate the majority of countries who changed their national policy moved to targeted vaccination for high-risk groups, were in Europe and also had significant decreases in TB incidence both before and after policy change. Globally, the most common BCG strain continues to be the Danish strain, despite its worldwide manufacturing interruption in 2015. Substantial variation and disproportionality exists in which regions were most affected by stockouts between 2009 and 2019. Tracking and understanding the reasoning behind changes to national BCG practices and their impact on TB burden is critical for decision makers as they contemplate how to include BCG vaccination in future immunisation guidelines in low and high TB burden countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lancione
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Alsdurf
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhukar Pai
- McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Anne Zwerling
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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da Silva ASM, Albuquerque LHP, de Ponte CGG, de Almeida MR, de Faria SER, Ribeiro MDS, Pereira ENGDS, Antas PRZ. Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profile in vitro when compared with Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1989913. [PMID: 34766868 PMCID: PMC8942427 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1989913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public health problem worldwide, and the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only available vaccine against this disease. The BCG vaccine is no longer a single organism; it consists of diverse strains. The early-shared strains of the BCG vaccine are stronger immunostimulators than the late-shared strains. In this study, we have employed a simple in vitro human model to broadly evaluate the differences among four widely used BCG vaccines during the characterization of strain-specific host immune responses. In general, the BCG Moreau vaccine generated a higher inflammatory cytokine profile and lower TGF-β levels compared with the Russia, Pasteur, and Danish strains in the context of early sensitization with TB; however, no changes were observed in the IL-23 levels between infected and noninfected cultures. Unsurprisingly, the BCG vaccines provided different features, and the variances among those strains may influence the activation of infected host cells, which ultimately leads to distinct protective efficacy to tackle TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreon Santos Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
| | - Lawrence Henrique Paz Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
| | - Carlos Germano Garrido de Ponte
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
| | - Matheus Rogério de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
| | - Sandra Elizabete Ribeiro de Faria
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
| | | | | | - Paulo Renato Zuquim Antas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, andInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
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Kobayashi S, Yoshiyama T, Uchimura K, Hamaguchi Y, Kato S. Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis after ceasing universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15902. [PMID: 34354146 PMCID: PMC8342465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is recommended in countries with high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Nevertheless, several countries have ceased universal BCG vaccination over the past 40 years, with scarce comparative epidemiological analyses regarding childhood TB after the policy change. We analysed data on childhood TB in countries that ceased universal BCG vaccination. Data sources included national/international databases, published papers, annual TB reports, and public health authority websites. Childhood TB notification rate increased in one of seven countries with available data. Pulmonary TB and TB lymphadenitis were the main causes of increasing childhood cases, while changes in severe forms of TB cases were minor. Maintaining high vaccine coverage for the target group was a common challenge after shifting selective vaccination. In some countries showing no increase in childhood TB after a BCG policy change, the majority of childhood TB cases were patients from abroad or those with overseas parents; these countries had changed immigration policies during the same period. Heterogeneity in childhood TB epidemiology was observed after ceasing universal BCG vaccination; several factors might obscure the influence of vaccination policy change. Lessons learned from these countries may aid in the development of better BCG vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayori Kobayashi
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (RIT/JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (RIT/JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uchimura
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (RIT/JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamaguchi
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (RIT/JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (RIT/JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
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Abbott S, Christensen H, Welton NJ, Brooks-Pollock E. Estimating the effect of the 2005 change in BCG policy in England: a retrospective cohort study, 2000 to 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24. [PMID: 31822330 PMCID: PMC6905296 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.49.1900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2005 in England, universal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination of school-age children was replaced by targeted BCG vaccination of high-risk neonates. Aim Estimate the impact of the 2005 change in BCG policy on tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in England. Methods We conducted an observational study by combining notifications from the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system, with demographic data from the Labour Force Survey to construct retrospective cohorts relevant to both the universal and targeted vaccination between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010. We then estimated incidence rates over a 5-year follow-up period and used regression modelling to estimate the impact of the change in policy on TB. Results In the non-United Kingdom (UK) born, we found evidence for an association between a reduction in incidence rates and the change in BCG policy (school-age incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.74; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.61 to 0.88 and neonatal IRR: 0.62; 95%CrI: 0.44 to 0.88). We found some evidence that the change in policy was associated with an increase in incidence rates in the UK born school-age population (IRR: 1.08; 95%CrI: 0.97 to 1.19) and weaker evidence of an association with a reduction in incidence rates in UK born neonates (IRR: 0.96; 95%CrI: 0.82 to 1.14). Overall, we found that the change in policy was associated with directly preventing 385 (95%CrI: −105 to 881) cases. Conclusions Withdrawing universal vaccination at school age and targeting vaccination towards high-risk neonates was associated with reduced incidence of TB. This was largely driven by reductions in the non-UK born with cases increasing in the UK born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Abbott
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Christensen
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky J Welton
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Brooks-Pollock
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Faust L, Schreiber Y, Bocking N. A systematic review of BCG vaccination policies among high-risk groups in low TB-burden countries: implications for vaccination strategy in Canadian indigenous communities. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1504. [PMID: 31711446 PMCID: PMC6849173 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is widespread in high-TB-burden countries, however, BCG vaccination policies in low-burden countries vary. Considering the uncertainties surrounding BCG efficacy and the lower likelihood of TB exposure in low-incidence countries, most have discontinued mass vaccination, choosing instead a targeted vaccination strategy among high-risk groups. Given the increased risk of TB infection in Canadian Indigenous communities compared to the general Canadian population, these communities are a pertinent example of high-incidence groups in an otherwise low-burden country, warranting particular consideration regarding BCG vaccination strategy. This systematic review aims to synthesise and critically appraise the literature on BCG vaccination strategies in high-risk groups in low-incidence settings to provide policy considerations relevant to the Canadian Indigenous context. METHODS A literature search of the Medline and Embase databases was conducted, returning studies pertaining to BCG vaccine efficacy, TB incidence under specific vaccination policies, BCG-associated adverse events, and vaccination policy guidelines in low-burden countries. Study screening was tracked using the Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia), and data pertaining to the above points of interest were extracted. RESULTS The final review included 49 studies, spanning 15 countries. Although almost all of these countries had implemented a form of mass or routine vaccination previously, 11 have since moved to targeted vaccination of selected risk groups, in most cases due to the low risk of infection among the general population and thus the high number of vaccinations needed to prevent one case in the context of low-incidence settings. Regarding identifying risk groups for targeted screening, community-based (rather than individual risk-factor-based) vaccination has been found to be beneficial in high-incidence communities within low-incidence countries, suggesting this approach may be beneficial in the Canadian Indigenous setting. CONCLUSIONS Community-based vaccination of high-incidence communities may be beneficial in the Canadian Indigenous context, however, where BCG vaccination is implemented, delivery strategies and potential barriers to achieving adequate coverage in this setting should be considered. Where an existing vaccination program is discontinued, it is crucial that an effective TB surveillance system is in place, and that case-finding, screening, and diagnostic efforts are strengthened in order to ensure adequate TB control. This is particularly relevant in Canadian Indigenous and other remote or under-served communities, where barriers to surveillance, screening, and diagnosis persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Faust
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Yoko Schreiber
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Clinical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sioux Lookout, Canada
| | - Natalie Bocking
- Sioux Lookout First Nations Health Authority, Sioux Lookout, Canada
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Gianfredi V, Moretti M, Lopalco PL. Countering vaccine hesitancy through immunization information systems, a narrative review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2508-2526. [PMID: 30932725 PMCID: PMC6930057 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1599675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization is one of the most important public health interventions to contrast infectious disease; however, many people nowadays refuse vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is due to several factors that influence the complex decision-making process. Information technology tools might play an important role in vaccination programs. In particular, immunization information systems (IISs) have the potential to improve performance of vaccination programs and to increase vaccine uptake. This review aimed to present IIS functionalities in order to counter VH. In detail, we analyzed the automatic reminder/recall system, the interoperability of the system, the decision support system, the web page interface and the possibility to record adverse events following immunization. IIS could concretely represent a valid instrument to increase vaccine confidence, especially trust in both health-care workers and decision makers. There are not enough trials aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IIS to counter VH. Further researches might focalize on this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Arnesen TM, Brantsæter AB, Nøkleby H. Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination of healthcare personnel: changing epidemiology calls for new recommendations in Norway. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:53/1/1801123. [PMID: 30630851 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01123-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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