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Buerger V, Hadl S, Schneider M, Schaden M, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Pfeiffer A, Loch AP, Morandi E, Nogueira ML, de Brito CAA, Croda J, Teixeira MM, Coelho ICB, Gurgel R, da Fonseca AJ, de Lacerda MVG, Moreira ED, Veiga APR, Dubischar K, Wressnigg N, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine in endemic areas of Brazil: interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in adolescents. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00458-4. [PMID: 39243794 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya outbreaks have been reported in Brazil since 2014. Adolescents are a sensitive population who would benefit from a prophylactic vaccine. This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine VLA1553 in adolescents in Brazil. With an overall trial duration of 12 months, we now report data on safety and immunogenicity over a period of 28 days after vaccination. METHODS In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, adolescents aged 12 to <18 years were recruited. The trial was performed at ten trial sites across Brazil. Eligible participants were generally healthy. The main exclusion criteria comprised immune-mediated or chronic arthritis or arthralgia, a known or suspected defect of the immune system, or any live vaccine received within the 4 weeks before trial vaccination. Randomisation was stratified by baseline serostatus in a 2:1 ratio to receive VLA1553 (at a dose of 1 × 104 TCID50 per 0·5 mL [ie, 50% tissue culture infectious dose]) or placebo. VLA1553 or placebo was administered intramuscularly as a single-dose immunisation on day 1. The primary endpoint was the proportion of baseline seronegative participants with chikungunya virus neutralising antibody levels of 150 or more in μPRNT50 (a micro plaque reduction neutralisation test), which was considered a surrogate of protection. The safety analysis included all participants receiving a trial vaccination. Immunogenicity analyses were performed in a subset. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04650399. FINDINGS Between Feb 14, 2022, and March 14, 2023, 754 participants received a trial vaccination (502 received VLA1553 and 252 received placebo) with a per-protocol population of 351 participants for immunogenicity analyses (303 in the VLA1553 group and 48 in the placebo group). In participants who were seronegative at baseline, VLA1553 induced seroprotective chikungunya virus neutralising antibody levels in 247 of 250 (98·8%, 95% CI 96·5-99·8) participants 28 days after vaccination. In seropositive participants, the baseline seroprotection rate of 96·2% increased to 100% after vaccination with VLA1553. Most (365 [93%] of 393) adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity, VLA1553 was generally well tolerated. When compared with placebo, participants exposed to VLA1553 had a significantly higher frequency of related adverse events (351 [69·9%] of 502 vs 121 [48·0%] of 252; p<0·0001), mostly headache, myalgia, fatigue, and fever. Among four reported serious adverse events (three in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group), one was classified as possibly related to VLA1553: a high-grade fever. Among 20 adverse events of special interest (ie, symptoms suggesting chikungunya-like disease), 16 were classified as related to trial vaccination (15 in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group), with severe symptoms reported in four participants (fever, headache, or arthralgia). 17 adverse events of special interest resolved within 1 week. Among 85 participants with arthralgia (68 in the VLA1553 group and 17 in the placebo group), eight adolescents had short-lived (range 1-5 days), mostly mild recurring episodes (seven in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group). The median duration of arthralgia was 1 day (range 1-5 days). The frequency of injection site adverse events for VLA1553 was higher than in the placebo group (161 [32%] vs 62 [25%]), but rarely severe (two [<1%] in the VLA1553 group and one [<1%] in the placebo group). After administration of VLA1553, there was a significantly lower frequency of solicited adverse events in participants who were seropositive at baseline compared with those who were seronegative (53% vs 74%; p<0·0001) including headache, fatigue, fever, and arthralgia. INTERPRETATION VLA1553 was generally safe and induced seroprotective titres in almost all vaccinated adolescents with favourable safety data in adolescents who were seropositive at baseline. The data support the use of VLA1553 for the prevention of disease caused by the chikungunya virus among adolescents and in endemic areas. FUNDING Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation and EU Horizon 2020. TRANSLATION For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina Sao Jose Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Julio Croda
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (CPDF)-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Gurgel
- Centro de Pesquisas Clinicas Universidade Federal Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica - CPEC da Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Bahia, Brazil
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Ackermann-Gäumann R, Dentand A, Lienhard R, Saeed M, Speiser DE, MacDonald MR, Coste AT, Cagno V. A reporter virus particle seroneutralization assay for tick-borne encephalitis virus overcomes ELISA limitations. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29843. [PMID: 39092814 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is the most prevalent tick-transmitted orthoflavivirus in Europe. Due to the nonspecific nature of its symptoms, TBE is primarily diagnosed by ELISA-based detection of specific antibodies in the patient serum. However, cross-reactivity between orthoflaviviruses complicates the diagnosis. Specificity issues may be mitigated by serum neutralization assays (SNT), although the handling of clinically relevant orthoflaviviruses requires biosafety level (BSL) 3 conditions and they have highly divergent viral kinetics and cell tropisms. In the present study, we established a reporter virus particle (RVP)-based SNT in which the infectivity is measured by luminescence and that can be performed under BSL-2 conditions. The RVP-based SNT for TBEV exhibited a highly significant correlation with the traditional virus-based SNT (R2 = 0.8637, p < 0.0001). The RVP-based assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.3% (95% CI: 79.7%-97.4%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 81.6%-100%). We also tested the cross-reactivity of serum samples in RVP-based assays against other orthoflaviviruses (yellow fever virus, dengue virus type 2, Zika virus, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus). Interestingly, all serum samples which had tested TBEV-positive by ELISA but negative by RVP-based SNT were reactive for antibodies against other orthoflaviviruses. Thus, the RVP-based seroneutralization assay provides an added value in clinical diagnostics as well as in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Ackermann-Gäumann
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ADMED Microbiologie, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Dentand
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Lienhard
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ADMED Microbiologie, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alix T Coste
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sanchez-Felipe L, Alpizar YA, Ma J, Coelmont L, Dallmeier K. YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250133. [PMID: 38571392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
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Schnyder JL, de Jong HK, Bache BE, Schaumburg F, Grobusch MP. Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e445-e456. [PMID: 38272044 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination remains controversial. We aimed to summarise the literature regarding the long-term protection (≥10 years) conveyed by a single dose of yellow fever vaccination. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 11 databases from database inception to Aug 24, 2023. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting immunogenicity outcomes for children or adults who received a single dose of yellow fever vaccination 10 or more years ago. Case series and single case reports were excluded. Participants who received more than one dose of yellow fever vaccination before measurement of the outcome were excluded. Identified records were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the pooled seroprotection rate. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool, and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for analytical cross-sectional studies. Studies of moderate or good quality that reported seroprotection were included for random-effects meta-analysis and stratified by endemicity and specific risk groups. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023384087. FINDINGS Of the 7363 articles identified by our search, 39 were eligible for inclusion for systematic review. These studies comprised 2895 individuals vaccinated 10-60 years ago. 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled seroprotection rates were 94% (95% CI 86-99) among healthy adults in a non-endemic setting (mostly travellers) and 76% (65-85) in an endemic setting (all Brazilian studies). The pooled seroprotection rate was 47% (35-60) in children (aged 9-23 months at time of vaccination) and 61% (38-82) in people living with HIV. Reported criteria for seroprotection were highly heterogeneous. INTERPRETATION The gathered evidence suggests that a single dose of yellow fever vaccination provides lifelong protection in travellers. However, in people living with HIV and children (younger than 2 years), booster doses might still be required because lower proportions of vaccinees were seroprotected 10 or more years post-vaccination. Lower observed seroprotection rates among residents of endemic areas were partly explained by the use of a higher cutoff for seroprotection that was applied in Brazil. Studies from sub-Saharan Africa were scarce and of low quality; thus no conclusions could be drawn for this region. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Schnyder
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna K de Jong
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bache E Bache
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone; Institute of Tropical Medicine, German Centre for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales en Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Baba MM, Ahmed A, Jackson SY, Oderinde BS. Cryptic Zika virus infections unmasked from suspected malaria cases in Northeastern Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292350. [PMID: 37939049 PMCID: PMC10631648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. The atypical symptoms of malaria and ZIKV infections at the initial phase could leverage their misdiagnosis. This study randomly recruited 496 malaria-suspected patients who visited selected health institutions in Adamawa, Bauchi, and Borno states for malaria tests. These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. Notably, the cross-reactions could also reflect co-infections as these viruses are also endemic in the country. The serum dilution that neutralized 90-100% ZIKV infectivity ranged from 1:8 to 1:128. Also, our findings suggest distinct protection against the ZIKV between different collection sites studied. As indicated by nAb, acute ZIKV infection was detected in 1.7% of IgM-positive patients while past infections occurred in 8.5% of IgM-negatives in the three states. In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. The age, gender, and occupation of the patients and ZIKV nAb were not significantly different. ZIKV nAb from samples collected within 1-7 days after the onset of symptoms was not significantly different from those of 7-10 days. A wider interval with the same techniques in this study may probably give better diagnostic outcomes. ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. Also, protection against ZIKV as marked by the nAb was different among the vaccinated and unvaccinated YF vaccine recipients. Thus, the YF vaccine may be a good alternative to the Zika vaccine in resource-constrained countries. CONCLUSION The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. The absence of systemic surveillance for the virus is worrisome because of its association with neurological disorders in newborns. Co-infections with other arboviruses may impact adversely on the management of these diseases individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycelin Mandu Baba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Samaila Yaga Jackson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Soji Oderinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Prabhu PR, Carter JJ, Galloway DA. B Cell Responses upon Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060837. [PMID: 35746445 PMCID: PMC9229470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Availability of vaccines against HPV makes it a highly preventable disease. HPV vaccines act through type-specific neutralizing antibodies produced by antigen-specific plasma cells known as long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, just as any other vaccine, success of HPV vaccine is attributed to the immunologic memory that it builds, which is largely attained through generation and maintenance of a class of B cells named memory B cells (Bmem). Both LLPCs and Bmems are important in inducing and maintaining immune memory and it is therefore necessary to understand their role after HPV vaccination to better predict outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge of B-cell responses following HPV vaccination and natural infection, including molecular signatures associated with these responses.
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Mokaya J, Kimathi D, Lambe T, Warimwe GM. What Constitutes Protective Immunity Following Yellow Fever Vaccination? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:671. [PMID: 34207358 PMCID: PMC8235545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) remains a threat to global health, with an increasing number of major outbreaks in the tropical areas of the world over the recent past. In light of this, the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics Strategy was established with the aim of protecting one billion people at risk of YF through vaccination by the year 2026. The current YF vaccine gives excellent protection, but its use is limited by shortages in supply due to the difficulties in producing the vaccine. There are good grounds for believing that alternative fractional dosing regimens can produce strong protection and overcome the problem of supply shortages as less vaccine is required per person. However, immune responses to these vaccination approaches are yet to be fully understood. In addition, published data on immune responses following YF vaccination have mostly quantified neutralising antibody titers. However, vaccine-induced antibodies can confer immunity through other antibody effector functions beyond neutralisation, and an effective vaccine is also likely to induce strong and persistent memory T cell responses. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge in the characterisation of YF vaccine-induced protective immunity in the absence or presence of neutralising antibodies. The assessment of biophysical antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity following YF vaccination could help provide a comprehensive landscape of YF vaccine-induced immunity and a better understanding of correlates of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynne Mokaya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
| | - Derick Kimathi
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - George M. Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
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Bovay A, Fuertes Marraco SA, Speiser DE. Yellow fever virus vaccination: an emblematic model to elucidate robust human immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2471-2481. [PMID: 33909542 PMCID: PMC8475614 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1891752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By preventing infectious diseases, vaccines contribute substantially to public health. Besides, they offer great opportunities to investigate human immune responses. This is particularly true for live-attenuated virus vaccines which cause resolving acute infections and induce robust immunity. The fact that one can precisely schedule the time-point of vaccination enables complete characterization of the immune response over time, short-term and over many years. The live-attenuated Yellow Fever virus vaccine strain YF-17D was developed in the 1930's and gave rise to the 17D-204 and 17DD vaccine sub-strains, administered to over 600 million individuals worldwide. YF vaccination causes a systemic viral infection, which induces neutralizing antibodies that last for a lifetime. It also induces a strong T cell response resembling the ones of acute infections, in contrast to most other vaccines. In spite of its use since 1937, learning how YF vaccination stimulates such strong and persistent immune responses has gained substantial knowledge only in the last decades. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge on the immune response to YF vaccination, and discuss its contribution as a human model to address complex questions on optimal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bovay
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Baba MM, Yahaya KM, Ezra EM, Adamu M, Kulloma BM, Ikusemoran M, Momoh JP, Oderinde BS. Assessment of immunity against Yellow Fever virus infections in northeastern Nigeria using three serological assays. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4856-4864. [PMID: 33783842 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor systematic surveillance for Yellow Fever virus (YFV) is primarily due to lack of affordable diagnostic facilities in resource-constrained countries. This study aimed at providing evidence-based information on immunity against Yellow Fever with a view to assessing the possibility of the recent epidemics persisting in Nigeria. Six hundred patients with febrile illness seeking malaria test in selected hospitals were tested for YFV antibody using three serological assays: ELISA IgM, microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The three assays commonly detected YFV antibody (Ab) in 1.7% patients, MNT: IgM in 8.3%, IgM: PRNT in 7.1%, and MNT: PRNT in 3.2%. Immunity against YF was significantly higher in Bauchi and Borno than Adamawa and children aged 0-9 years compared to 20-29 years. YFV neutralizing antibody (nAb) strongly correlated with the vaccination status of the patients. More unvaccinated patients had nAb compared with the vaccinated. Immunity against YF among treated patients with antibiotic and/or antimalaria before sample collection inversely correlated with the untreated. YVnAb among unvaccinated indicates natural infections. Acute YFV infections were mistaken for malaria and natural infections are ongoing. Individuals aged more than or equal to 20 years should be targeted during mass vaccination campaigns. With low population immunity, repetitive YF epidemics in Nigeria is not yet over. The current policy on Yellow Fever vaccination in Nigeria still leaves a large unimmunized population at the risk of epidemics. Sufficient mass vaccination in combination with National Programme on Immunization remains key to averting YF epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycelin M Baba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Khalid M Yahaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel M Ezra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Musa Adamu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Bulama M Kulloma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Mayomi Ikusemoran
- Department of Geography (Remote Sensing/GIS Unit), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - John P Momoh
- Facts Foundation, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele S Oderinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Ferlito C, Biselli R, Visco V, Cattaruzza MS, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, Lapa D, Nicoletti L, Marchi A, Magurano F, Ciccaglione AR, Chionne P, Madonna E, Donatelli I, Calzoletti L, Fabiani C, Biondo MI, Teloni R, Mariotti S, Salerno G, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Salemi S, Caporuscio S, Autore A, Lulli P, Borelli F, Lastilla M, Nisini R, D’Amelio R. Immunogenicity of Viral Vaccines in the Italian Military. Biomedicines 2021; 9:87. [PMID: 33477366 PMCID: PMC7829820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel of all armed forces receive multiple vaccinations and have been doing so since long ago, but relatively few studies have investigated the possible negative or positive interference of simultaneous vaccinations. As a contribution to fill this gap, we analyzed the response to the live trivalent measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), the inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV), the inactivated trivalent polio, and the trivalent subunits influenza vaccines in two cohorts of Italian military personnel. The first cohort was represented by 108 students from military schools and the second by 72 soldiers engaged in a nine-month mission abroad. MMR and HAV vaccines had never been administered before, whereas inactivated polio was administered to adults primed at infancy with a live trivalent oral polio vaccine. Accordingly, nearly all subjects had baseline antibodies to polio types 1 and 3, but unexpectedly, anti-measles/-mumps/-rubella antibodies were present in 82%, 82%, and 73.5% of subjects, respectively (43% for all of the antigens). Finally, anti-HAV antibodies were detectable in 14% and anti-influenza (H1/H3/B) in 18% of the study population. At mine months post-vaccination, 92% of subjects had protective antibody levels for all MMR antigens, 96% for HAV, 69% for the three influenza antigens, and 100% for polio types 1 and 3. An inverse relationship between baseline and post-vaccination antibody levels was noticed with all the vaccines. An excellent vaccine immunogenicity, a calculated long antibody persistence, and apparent lack of vaccine interference were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ferlito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Chionne
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabella Donatelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Calzoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Ileen Biondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Sara Caporuscio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Alberto Autore
- Centro Sperimentale di Volo, Comando Logistico, Aeronautica Militare, Aeroporto Pratica di Mare, Via Pratica di Mare 45, 00040 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Francesco Borelli
- Servizio Sanitario, Reggimento Lancieri di Montebello, Esercito Italiano, Via Flaminia 826, 00191 Roma, Italy;
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
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11
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Burn Aschner C, Pierce C, Knipe DM, Herold BC. Vaccination Route as a Determinant of Protective Antibody Responses against Herpes Simplex Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E277. [PMID: 32516944 PMCID: PMC7350019 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are significant global health problems associated with mucosal and neurologic disease. Prior experimental vaccines primarily elicited neutralizing antibodies targeting glycoprotein D (gD), but those that advanced to clinical efficacy trials have failed. Preclinical studies with an HSV-2 strain deleted in gD (ΔgD-2) administered subcutaneously demonstrated that it elicited a high titer, weakly neutralizing antibodies that activated Fcg receptors to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and completely protected mice against lethal disease and latency following vaginal or skin challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. Vaccine efficacy, however, may be impacted by dose and route of immunization. Thus, the current studies were designed to compare immunogenicity and efficacy following different routes of vaccination with escalating doses of ΔgD-2. We compared ΔgD-2 with two other candidates: recombinant gD protein combined with aluminum hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvants and a replication-defective virus deleted in two proteins involved in viral replication, dl5-29. Compared to the subcutaneous route, intramuscular and/or intradermal immunization resulted in increased total HSV antibody responses for all three vaccines and boosted the ADCC, but not the neutralizing response to ΔgD and dl5-29. The adjuvanted gD protein vaccine provided only partial protection and failed to elicit ADCC independent of route of administration. In contrast, the increased ADCC following intramuscular or intradermal administration of DgD-2 or dl5-29 translated into significantly increased protection. The DgD-2 vaccine provided 100% protection at doses as low as 5 × 104 pfu when administered intramuscularly or intradermally, but not subcutaneously. However, administration of a combination of low dose subcutaneous DgD-2 and adjuvanted gD protein resulted in greater protection than low dose DgD-2 alone indicating that gD neutralizing antibodies may contribute to protection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ADCC provides a more predictive correlate of protection against HSV challenge in mice and support intramuscular or intradermal routes of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Burn Aschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.B.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Carl Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.B.A.); (C.P.)
| | - David M. Knipe
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.B.A.); (C.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Bovay A, Speiser DE, Fuertes Marraco SA. Early drop of circulating T cells negatively correlates with the protective immune response to Yellow Fever vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3103-3110. [PMID: 32348192 PMCID: PMC8641580 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1750249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte recirculation within the human body is essential for efficient pathogen detection and immune responses. So far, immune cell migration has been investigated largely using ovine and murine models, with little evidence in humans. Here, we analyzed peripheral blood of healthy individuals following primary vaccination with the Yellow Fever vaccine YF-17D. We found that the number of leukocytes was transiently and sharply reduced in blood as detected on day 7 after vaccine administration. The T cell drop was restricted to cells expressing the lymph node-homing chemokine receptor CCR7. Interestingly, the vaccine-induced drop positively correlated with the expression of CD69 by the T cells before vaccination. This suggests that CCR7+ T cells are being trapped within the lymph nodes through CD69-induced suppression of egress. Strikingly, we further found that the T cell drop negatively correlated with CD8 T cell activation and with production of neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, early and transient T cell depletion in blood negatively correlated with protective immune response events induced by YF-17D vaccination. Our data highlight baseline CD69 expression and early drop in T cells as potential biomarkers of the Yellow Fever vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bovay
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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