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Abd-Elkareem M, Abd El-Rahman MAM, Khalil NSA, Amer AS. Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds on the testis of monosodium glutamate challenged rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13519. [PMID: 34188150 PMCID: PMC8242002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely spread food additives that might cause male infertility. However, Nigella sativa L. seeds (NSS) could provide a solution. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of NSS on rats ingesting MSG. To achieve this aim, adult male albino rats were randomly equally assigned into three groups for 21 days: control group received no treatment, MSG group received MSG as 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group received MSG as 30 g/kg and NSS as 30 g/kg feed. Testis histomorphometry showed marked deterioration by MSG as atrophic seminiferous tubules with degeneration of their lining cells, damaged Leydig cells and decreased germ cells number. Periodic Acid Schiff stain indicated irregular interrupted basement membranes. Glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and caspase-3 immuno-expressions increased in testicular cells. Testosterone levels were significantly decreased in MSG challenged rats along with significant increase in luteinizing hormone levels, whereas NSS normalized this hormonal profile. MSG exposure also caused significantly increased lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione-S-transferase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) whereas nitric oxide and SOD2 were significantly decreased. NSS succeeded in rebalance LPO and TAC and ameliorated the histoarchitectural disturbances. NSS mitigated MSG-induced testicular impairment by its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mokhless A. M. Abd El-Rahman
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. Abou Khalil
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. Amer
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Ruedas-Torres I, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Pallares FJ, Barranco I, Carrasco L, Gómez-Laguna J. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in the thymus of piglets infected with PRRSV-1 strains of different virulence. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108639. [PMID: 32273018 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the outbreaks caused by virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains from both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 have considerably increased. PRRSV is able to modulate the host's immune response through the induction of apoptosis of cells in lymphoid organs like thymus, increasing the susceptibility to secondary infectious agents. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two PRRSV-1 strains, a field low virulent strain (3249 strain) and a virulent strain (Lena strain), in the thymus of infected pigs, focusing on clinical signs, histological analysis, viraemia, thymus viral load and the study of the different routes of apoptosis phenomena by immunohistochemistry. Sera and thymus samples were collected from infected animals with 3249 strain, Lena strain and mock-infected animals at 1, 3, 6, 8 and 13 days post-infection (dpi). Lena-infected animals showed severe clinical disease, high sera and thymus viral loads with evident thymic atrophy since 6 dpi, matching with PRRSV-N protein, TUNEL and cCasp3 expression in the thymic cortex. In both infected groups, there was an increase in the number of cells expressing molecules related to the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis (cCasp8 and Fas) in cortex and medulla, showing an important role in the apoptosis induction produced in thymus of PRRSV-infected piglets. The extensive apoptosis in the thymus through this pathway would lead to a decrease in the number of mature T lymphocytes and the sustained release of viral particles, which may explain the greater severity of the clinical signs observed in Lena-infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pallares
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Barranco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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Guo Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Guan F, Shen Q, Guo Y, Zhang W. Continuous gibberellin A3 exposure from weaning to sexual maturity induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis by activating Fas-mediated death receptor signaling pathways and changing methylation patterns on caspase-3 gene promoters. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:175-186. [PMID: 31733319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Information on the effects of gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3, GA3) on ovarian follicle development is limited. In our present study, 21-day-old female Wistar rats were exposed to GA3 by gavage (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight, once per day) for eight weeks to evaluate the influence of GA3 on ovarian follicle development. After treatment, significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 40.17 % and 44.5 %, respectively) in atretic follicle proportions and significant decreases (to 19.49 % and 17.86 %, respectively) in corpus luteum proportions were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the control group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 31.3 % and 42.0 %, respectively) in follicle apoptosis were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups by transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Significantly increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Fas was observed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) revealed obviously decreased total methylation percentages of the caspase-3 promoter region in the two treatment groups. Real-time quantitative PCR also showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 3a and Dnmt3b. Further in vitro studies showed that a DNA methylation inhibitor could enhance the GA3-induced increase in the mRNA expression of caspase-3. Overall, our present study indicates that GA3 administration from weaning until sexual maturity can affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis and suggests that signaling through the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway may be an important underlying mechanism of this apoptosis. In addition, GA3-induced aberrant DNA methylation patterns might be partly responsible for upregulation of caspase-3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyuan Guan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiruo Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome type 1 viruses induce hypoplasia of erythroid cells and myeloid cell hyperplasia in the bone marrow of experimentally infected piglets independently of the viral load and virulence. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:126-135. [PMID: 28284598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) present a wide phenotypic and genetic diversity. Experimental infections have demonstrated viral replication, including highly pathogenic strains (HP-PRRSV), in primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus. However, studies of the bone marrow are scarce but necessary to help elucidate the immunobiology of PRRSV strains of differing virulence. In this study, whereas viral RNA was detected within the bone marrow of animals experimentally infected with both low virulent Lelystad (LV) and 215-06 PRRSV-1 strains and with the highly virulent SU1-bel strain, PRRSV positive cells were only occasionally detected in one SU1-bel infected animal. PRRSV RNA levels were associated to circulating virus with the highest levels detected in LV-infected pigs. At 3 dpi, a decrease in the proportion of haematopoietic tissue and number of erythroid cells in all infected groups was associated with an increase in TUNEL or cleaved caspase 3 labelling and higher counts of myeloid cells compared to control. The expression of IL-1α and IL-6 was elevated at the beginning of the infection in all infected animals. The expression of TNF-α was increased at the end of the study in all infected groups with respect to control. Different PRRSV-1 strains induced, presummably by indirect mechanisms and independently of viral load and strain virulence, moderate and sustained hypoplasia of erythroid cells and myeloid cell hyperplasia at early stages of infection. These changes were paralleled by a peak in the local expression of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in all infected groups.
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Amarilla SP, Gómez-Laguna J, Carrasco L, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Caridad Y Ocerín JM, Graham SP, Frossard JP, Steinbach F, Salguero FJ. Thymic depletion of lymphocytes is associated with the virulence of PRRSV-1 strains. Vet Microbiol 2016; 188:47-58. [PMID: 27139029 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exists as two distinct viruses, type 1 (PRRSV-1) and type 2 (PRRSV-2). Atrophy of the thymus in PRRSV-2 infected piglets has been associated with a loss of thymocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of PRRSV-1 strains of differing virulence on the thymus of infected piglets by analysing the histomorphometry, the presence of apoptotic cells and cells producing cytokines. Thymic samples were taken from animals experimentally infected (with LV, SU1-bel, and 215-06 strains) or mock inoculated animals at 3, 7 and 35days post-infection (dpi) and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. PRRSV antigen was detected in the thymus from 3dpi until the end of the study in all virus-infected animals with the highest numbers of infected cells detected in SU1-bel group. The histomorphometry analysis and counts of CD3(+) thymocytes in the thymic cortex displayed significant differences between strains at different time-points (p≤0.011), with SU1-bel group showing the most severe changes at 7dpi. Cell death displayed statistically significant increase in the cortex of all infected animals, with SU1-bel group showing the highest rate at 3 and 7dpi. The number of cells immunostained against IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-10 were predominantly detected in the medulla (p≤0.01). An increase in the number of TNF-α and IL-10 positive cells was observed in LV and SU-1bel groups. Our results demonstrate that different PRRSV-1 strains induced depletion of the thymic cortex due to apoptosis of thymocytes and that the most severe depletion was associated with the highly virulent SU1-bel strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrley Paola Amarilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M Caridad Y Ocerín
- Department of Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, Business Organization and Applied Economics, Faculty of Law and Economics, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Frossard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
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García-Nicolás O, Rosales RS, Pallarés FJ, Risco D, Quereda JJ, Graham SP, Frossard JP, Morgan SB, Steinbach F, Drew TW, Strickland TS, Salguero FJ. Comparative analysis of cytokine transcript profiles within mediastinal lymph node compartments of pigs after infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype 1 strains differing in pathogenicity. Vet Res 2015; 46:34. [PMID: 25889072 PMCID: PMC4364558 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces a weak immune response enabling it to persist in different organs of infected pigs. This has been attributed to the ability of PRRSV to influence the induction of cytokine responses. In this study, we investigated the cytokine transcriptional profiles in different compartments of the mediastinal lymph node of pigs infected with three genotype 1 PRRSV strains of differing pathogenicity: the low virulence prototype Lelystad virus (LV), and UK field strain 215–06 and the highly virulent subtype 3 SU1-Bel isolate from Belarus. We have used a combination of laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) followed by real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of immune cell markers (CD3, CD79a and MAC387) and RT-qPCR quantification of PRRSV and cytokine transcripts. Compared to mock infected pigs, we found a significant downregulation of TNF-α and IFN-α in follicular and interfollicular areas of the mediastinal lymph node from 3 days post-infection (dpi) in animals infected with all three strains. This was accompanied by a transient B cell depletion and T cell and macrophage infiltration in the follicles together with T cell depletion in the interfollicular areas. A delayed upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-23p19 was observed mainly in the follicles. The PRRSV load was higher in all areas and time-points studied in the animals infected with the SU1-Bel strain. This paper describes the first application of LCM to study the cytokine transcript profiles and virus distribution in different compartments of the lymph node of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Murcia University, "Mare Nostrum Excellence Campus - 3738", 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rubén S Rosales
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Francisco J Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Murcia University, "Mare Nostrum Excellence Campus - 3738", 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - David Risco
- Red de Grupos de Investigación Recursos Faunísticos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Spanish National Center of Biotechnology (CSIC), C/Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Jean-Pierre Frossard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Sophie B Morgan
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK. .,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7TE, UK.
| | - Trevor W Drew
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Tony S Strickland
- Department of Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK. .,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7TE, UK.
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Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Barranco I, Amarilla SP, García-Nicolás O, Salguero FJ, Carrasco L, Gómez-Laguna J. Activation of extrinsic- and Daxx-mediated pathways in lymphoid tissue of PRRSV-infected pigs. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:186-94. [PMID: 24939593 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a major infectious pathogen in pigs leading to huge economical losses worldwide. PRRSV is able to escape from host immunity and causes transient infections. In the present study, expression of different apoptotic markers and its connection with PRRSV were assessed in tonsil and mediastinal lymph node from PRRSV-infected pigs. Cleaved caspase (CCasp)8, CCasp9, Fas, Daxx, CCasp3 and PRRSV expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. An up-regulation of CCasp8, Fas and CCasp3 expression in lymphocytes and macrophages from both organs was found during PRRSV infection, indicating the activation of the extrinsic-mediated pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, Daxx expression was also enhanced in macrophages of both organs, suggesting a simultaneous caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis. A correlation between the expression of the different apoptotic markers and IL-10, IL-6 and TGF-β but not with PRRSV antigen was found in our study, which supports the hypothesis of an indirect mechanism in PRRSV-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, "International Excellence Agrifood Campus - CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Barranco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, "International Excellence Agrifood Campus - CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Shyrley P Amarilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, "International Excellence Agrifood Campus - CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Murcia University, "Mare Nostrum Campus of Excellence - 37 38", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Surrey University, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, "International Excellence Agrifood Campus - CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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García-Jiménez W, Salguero F, Fernández-Llario P, Martínez R, Risco D, Gough J, Ortiz-Peláez A, Hermoso-de-Mendoza J, Gómez L. Immunopathology of granulomas produced by Mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected wild boar. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rieger J, Twardziok S, Huenigen H, Hirschberg RM, Plendl J. Porcine intestinal mast cells. Evaluation of different fixatives for histochemical staining techniques considering tissue shrinkage. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e21. [PMID: 24085270 PMCID: PMC3794352 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staining of mast cells (MCs), including porcine ones, is critically dependent upon the fixation and staining technique. In the pig, mucosal and submucosal MCs do not stain or stain only faintly after formalin fixation. Some fixation methods are particularly recommended for MC staining, for example the fixation with Carnoy or lead salts. Zinc salt fixation (ZSF) has been reported to work excellently for the preservation of fixation-sensitive antigens. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable histological method for counting of MCs in the porcine intestinum. For this purpose, different tissue fixation and staining methods that also allow potential subsequent immunohistochemical investigations were evaluated in the porcine mucosa, as well as submucosa of small and large intestine. Tissues were fixed in Carnoy, lead acetate, lead nitrate, Zamboni and ZSF and stained subsequently with either polychromatic methylene blue, alcian blue or toluidine blue. For the first time our study reveals that ZSF, a heavy metal fixative, preserves metachromatic staining of porcine MCs. Zamboni fixation was not suitable for histochemical visualization of MCs in the pig intestine. All other tested fixatives were suitable. Alcian blue and toluidine blue co-stained intestinal goblet cells which made a prima facie identification of MCs difficult. The polychromatic methylene blue proved to be the optimal staining. In order to compare MC counting results of the different fixation methods, tissue shrinkage was taken into account. As even the same fixation caused shrinkagedifferences between tissue from small and large intestine, different factors for each single fixation and intestinal localization had to be calculated. Tissue shrinkage varied between 19% and 57%, the highest tissue shrinkage was found after fixation with ZSF in the large intestine, the lowest one in the small intestine after lead acetate fixation. Our study emphasizes that MC counting results from data using different fixation techniques can only be compared if the respective studyimmanent shrinkage factor has been determined and quantification results are adjusted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rieger
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute for Veterinary Anatomy Koserstr. 20 D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Histological and immunohistochemical characterisation of Mycobacterium bovis induced granulomas in naturally infected Fallow deer (Dama dama). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Souza-Lemos C, de-Campos SN, Teva A, Porrozzi R, Grimaldi Jr G. In situ characterization of the granulomatous immune response with time in nonhealing lesional skin of Leishmania braziliensis-infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 142:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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