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Akibekov OS, Syzdykova AS, Lider LA, Zhumalin AK, Zhagipar FS, Gajimuradova AM, Borovikov SN, Suranshiyev ZA, Ashimov SA. Trichinellosis dissemination among wild carnivores in the Republic of Kazakhstan: A 10-year study. Vet World 2023; 16:1840-1848. [PMID: 37859970 PMCID: PMC10583871 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1840-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Trichinellosis is caused by a species of roundworm called Trichinella and is an invasive disease causing severe medical, veterinary, and socioeconomic problems worldwide. More than 100 mammalian species are Trichinella hosts. Among domestic animals, pigs and dogs are prone to trichinellosis. An essential aspect of controlling the spread of infection is to identify the number and level of infections in wild carnivores in the country. However, the number, habitats, and movements of wild animal Trichinella hosts in Kazakhstan have not been reported yet. This study aimed to monitor the wild animal habitat nearby the settlements for tracking the trichinellosis speading among carnivores. Materials and Methods Wild carnivorous animals were captured in seven regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The carcasses of corsacs, wolves, foxes, wild boars, and badgers were studied. Muscle tissue samples from spontaneously infected wild animals were collected. The digestion method in "GASTROS-2M" was used to isolate Trichinella spp. from animal muscles. The species of the parasite was determined by a polymerase chain reaction for 5S spacer of Trichinella ribosomal DNA with subsequent sequencing by Senger. Statistical analysis methods were performed for average value in Microsoft Excel 2010. Results The results of the research showed that among 155 animals wolves (20.4%) and foxes (26.7%) were the most infected with invasive Trichinella larvae. The invasion intensity was 503.6% in foxes and 289.7% in wolves. However, badgers (164%), wild boars (0%), and corsacs (0%) presented lower invasion levels. Using specific primers, larvae samples were identified as Trichinella nativa. Conclusion The results of monitoring revealed the spread of trichinosis among wild animals: wolves, foxes, badgers. The Karaganda, Kostanay, Western Kazakhstan, and Akmola regions had the largest distribution of wild animals infected with trichinellosis. In total, 20% of the 155 studied animals were infected. The greatest invasion intensity was typical for wolves, foxes and badgers. It is necessary to monitor the spread of trichinellosis among wild carnivores to control the epidemiological situation and reduce the level of spontaneous infection among animals. Regular monitoring of habitats and carnivores must be conducted within the country and in the border areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orken S. Akibekov
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfiya S. Syzdykova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyudmila A. Lider
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aibek Kh. Zhumalin
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Fariza S. Zhagipar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aissarat M. Gajimuradova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey N. Borovikov
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanbolat A. Suranshiyev
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sagandyk A. Ashimov
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, 62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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Różycki M, Korpysa-Dzirba W, Bełcik A, Bilska-Zając E, Gontarczyk A, Kochanowski M, Samorek-Pieróg M, Karamon J, Rubiola S, Chiesa F, Cencek T. Validation Parameters of the Magnetic Stirrer Method for Pooled Sample Digestion for Trichinella spp. in Horse Meat Based on Proficiency Tests Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14356. [PMID: 36361233 PMCID: PMC9655762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat of horses may be infested with nematodes of the genus Trichinella spp. and can cause serious disease in humans. Rules for the carcasses sampling of species susceptible to Trichinella spp. infection and examination are laid down in Commission Regulation 1375/2015, where the magnetic stirrer method for pooled-sample digestion is recommended (Commission Regulation 1478/2020). All personnel involved in the examination should be properly trained and participate in quality control programs. Proficiency tests (PTs) play a key role in the quality verification process. This paper presents the results of PTs organized for 68 Polish laboratories in 2014-2019. Results were assessed qualitatively at three levels of sample contamination (0, 3, 5 larvae) and quantitatively at one level (5 larvae). The laboratories have achieved the average correct qualitative results 100%, 96.2% and 96.8% for the samples contaminated with 0, 3 and 5 larvae, respectively. In the quantitative evaluation, an average 94.1% of the reported results were correct. The data from PTs enabled us to define, for the first time, validation parameters of the digestion method for the horse meat matrix in a large-scale experiment including: specificity (100%), sensitivity (95.6%), accuracy (97.1%), the limit of detection (LOD) (1.14 ≈ 1) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) (3.42 ≈ 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Różycki
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Life Science, ul. Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Aneta Bełcik
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewa Bilska-Zając
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Aneta Gontarczyk
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Maciej Kochanowski
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Selene Rubiola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Trichinella spiralis infection and transplacental passage in human pregnancy. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pozio E. Trichinella spp. imported with live animals and meat. Vet Parasitol 2015; 213:46-55. [PMID: 25754352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are widely distributed throughout the world in omnivorous and carnivorous animals (mammals, birds, and reptiles) and in incidental hosts. To prevent the transmission of these zoonotic parasites to humans, meat samples from Trichinella spp. susceptible animals are tested at the slaughterhouse or in game processing plants. The aim of the present review was to collect documented cases on Trichinella infected animals, meat, or meat derived products which reached the international trade or were illegally introduced from one to another country in personal baggage. In the course of the last 60 years in the international literature, there have been 43 reports of importation of Trichinella spp. infected animals or meat, most of which (60%, 26/43) related to live horses or their meat. Meat or meat derived products from pigs, wild boar and bears, account only for 18.6% (8/43), 4.7% (3/43), and 14.3% (6/43), respectively. However, only live horses or their meat intended for human consumption, meat from a single wild boar, and live polar bears caught in the wild for zoos, were imported through the international market; whereas, meat from pigs, wild boars and bears were illegally introduced in a country in personal baggage. Trichinella infected animals or meat which were officially or illegally introduced in a country were the source of 3443 Trichinella infections in humans in a 40-year period (1975-2014). Most of these infections (96.8%) have been linked to horsemeat consumption, whereas meat from pigs, wild boars and bears accounted only for 2.2%, 0.7% and 0.3% of cases, respectively. This review shows the Trichinella spp. risk in the international animal and meat trade has been linked mainly to horses and only one time to wild boar, if they carcasses are not adequately tested, whereas pigs and other wild animals or their derived products infected with Trichinella spp. are unlikely to reach the international market by the official animal and meat trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pozio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Franssen F, Deksne G, Esíte Z, Havelaar A, Swart A, van der Giessen J. Trend analysis of Trichinella in a red fox population from a low endemic area using a validated artificial digestion and sequential sieving technique. Vet Res 2014; 45:120. [PMID: 25431178 PMCID: PMC4245726 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing of fox carcasses to minimize professional hazard of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis is recommended in endemic areas, but this could influence the detection of Trichinella larvae in the same host species. A method based on artificial digestion of frozen fox muscle, combined with larva isolation by a sequential sieving method (SSM), was validated using naturally infected foxes from Latvia. The validated SSM was used to detect dead Trichinella muscle larvae (ML) in frozen muscle samples of 369 red foxes from the Netherlands, of which one fox was positive (0.067 larvae per gram). This result was compared with historical Trichinella findings in Dutch red foxes. Molecular analysis using 5S PCR showed that both T. britovi and T. nativa were present in the Latvian foxes, without mixed infections. Of 96 non-frozen T. britovi ML, 94% was successfully sequenced, whereas this was the case for only 8.3% of 72 frozen T. britovi ML. The single Trichinella sp. larva that was recovered from the positive Dutch fox did not yield PCR product, probably due to severe freeze-damage. In conclusion, the SSM presented in this study is a fast and effective method to detect dead Trichinella larvae in frozen meat. We showed that the Trichinella prevalence in Dutch red fox was 0.27% (95% CI 0.065-1.5%), in contrast to 3.9% in the same study area fifteen years ago. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the efficacy of 5S PCR for identification of Trichinella britovi single larvae from frozen meat is not more than 8.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Franssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Neghina R. Trichinellosis, a Romanian Never-Ending Story. An Overview of Traditions, Culinary Customs, and Public Health Conditions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:999-1003. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Neghina
- Department of Parasitology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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A seroepidemiological study of exposure to Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Echinococcus and Trichinella in equids in Greece and analysis of risk factors. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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