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Abongwa M, Marjanovic DS, Tipton JG, Zheng F, Martin RJ, Trailovic SM, Robertson AP. Monepantel is a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 8:36-42. [PMID: 29366967 PMCID: PMC5963102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zolvix® is a recently introduced anthelmintic drench containing monepantel as the active ingredient. Monepantel is a positive allosteric modulator of DEG-3/DES-2 type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in several nematode species. The drug has been reported to produce hypercontraction of Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus somatic muscle. We investigated the effects of monepantel on nAChRs from Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology, we studied the effects of monepantel on a nicotine preferring homomeric nAChR subtype from A. suum comprising of ACR-16; a pyrantel/tribendimidine preferring heteromeric subtype from O. dentatum comprising UNC-29, UNC-38 and UNC-63 subunits; and a levamisole preferring subtype (O. dentatum) comprising UNC-29, UNC-38, UNC-63 and ACR-8 subunits. For each subtype tested, monepantel applied in isolation produced no measurable currents thereby ruling out an agonist action. When monepantel was continuously applied, it reduced the amplitude of acetylcholine induced currents in a concentration-dependent manner. In all three subtypes, monepantel acted as a non-competitive antagonist on the expressed receptors. ACR-16 from A. suum was particularly sensitive to monepantel inhibition (IC50 values: 1.6 ± 3.1 nM and 0.2 ± 2.3 μM). We also investigated the effects of monepantel on muscle flaps isolated from adult A. suum. The drug did not significantly increase baseline tension when applied on its own. As with acetylcholine induced currents in the heterologously expressed receptors, contractions induced by acetylcholine were antagonized by monepantel. Further investigation revealed that the inhibition was a mixture of competitive and non-competitive antagonism. Our findings suggest that monepantel is active on multiple nAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Abongwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Djordje S Marjanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James G Tipton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Fudan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sasa M Trailovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Where Is the Breakthrough Innovation for Parasite Control? Trends Parasitol 2017; 34:99-101. [PMID: 29191558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The need to improve parasite control to overcome drug-resistant parasite populations, and to improve compliance by more convenient drug application methods, is evident. While a number of incremental stepwise improvements are visible, the big disruptive innovation, an iPhone-equivalent breakthrough, has been hard to find. Why?
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Hess J, Patra M, Rangasamy L, Konatschnig S, Blacque O, Jabbar A, Mac P, Jorgensen EM, Gasser RB, Gasser G. Organometallic Derivatization of the Nematocidal Drug Monepantel Leads to Promising Antiparasitic Drug Candidates. Chemistry 2016; 22:16602-16612. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Hess
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sandro Konatschnig
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Patrick Mac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112-0840 USA
| | - Erik M. Jorgensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112-0840 USA
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Preston S, Luo J, Zhang Y, Jabbar A, Crawford S, Baell J, Hofmann A, Hu M, Zhou HB, Gasser RB. Selenophene and thiophene-core estrogen receptor ligands that inhibit motility and development of parasitic stages of Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:346. [PMID: 27306029 PMCID: PMC4910235 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasitic worms represent a substantial disease burden in animals and humans worldwide. The control of parasitic roundworms (nematodes) relies heavily on the use of anthelmintic drugs. However, widespread drug resistance in nematodes seriously compromises the effectiveness of many anthelmintics around the world. Thus, there is a need to discover new drugs, with unique modes of action, against parasites. Methods Here, we synthesised and tested 74 selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for in vitro-activity on parasitic larvae of Haemonchus contortus (barber’s pole worm), one of the most important nematode pathogens of small ruminants (including sheep and goats) and a key representative of one of the largest groups of parasitic nematodes (the Strongylida) of animals. We also studied the morphology of treated and untreated larvae using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and assessed the agonistic/antagonistic activity of SERMs in a human embryonic kidney cell line using a luciferase reporter assay system. Results We identified three SERMs (one selenophene and two thiophene-core compounds) with potent inhibitory activities (at 3–25 μM) on the motility and development of parasitic stages of H. contortus. An SEM examination of treated H. contortus revealed considerable damage to the cuticle of fourth- but not exsheathed, third-stage larvae; this damage appeared to be consistent with that observed upon treatment with monepantel but not moxidectin (control compounds). Conclusion The potency of the three SERMs compared favourably with commercially available anthelmintics, such that they warrant further assessment as nematocides. Future studies could focus on assessing the selectivity of these SERMs to parasites, characterising their target(s) and/or designing analogs that are parasite-specific. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1612-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Junjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuezhou Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Hess J, Patra M, Jabbar A, Pierroz V, Konatschnig S, Spingler B, Ferrari S, Gasser RB, Gasser G. Assessment of the nematocidal activity of metallocenyl analogues of monepantel. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17662-17671. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03376h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl analogues of the nematocidal drug monepantel show organometallic-dependent activity against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Hess
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research
| | | | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Abstract
Monepantel (MOP), a new anthelmintic drug from a group of amino-acetonitrile derivatives, has been intensively studied during last years. Many authors examined this new drug from different perspectives, e.g. efficacy against different species and stages of parasites, mode of action, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance, ecotoxicity, etc. MOP is an anthelmintic for livestock (currently only sheep and goats), with molecular mode of action which is different to all other anthelmintics. MOP has a broad-spectrum of activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, including adults and L4 larvae of the most important species. The key feature of MOP is its full effectiveness against strains of nematodes resistant to benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones and closantel. After oral administration, MOP is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly metabolized to MOP sulfone that has a similar efficacy as the parent molecule. Several other MOP metabolites formed in ovine hepatocytes were described. MOP and its metabolites are considered to be non-toxic to environment and its components, such as soil microflora, aquatic organisms, dung organisms, vegetation, etc. The aim of the presented review was not to collect all reported data but to bring an overview of various approaches in the study of MOP and to evaluate their principal results.
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Lifschitz A, Ballent M, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Viviani P, Lanusse C. Accumulation of monepantel and its sulphone derivative in tissues of nematode location in sheep: pharmacokinetic support to its excellent nematodicidal activity. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:120-6. [PMID: 24647279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) are a new class of anthelmintic molecules active against a wide range of sheep gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes including those that are resistant to other anthelmintic families. The plasma disposition of monepantel (MNP) has been previously characterized in sheep. However, information on drug concentration profiles attained at tissues of parasite location is necessary to fully understand the pharmacological action of this novel compound. The current work aimed to study the relationship between the concentrations of MNP parent drug and its main metabolite monepantel sulphone (MNPSO₂), measured in the bloodstream and in different GI tissues of parasite location in sheep. Twenty two (22) uninfected healthy Romney Marsh lambs received MNP (Zolvix, Novartis Animal Health) orally administered at 2.5 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from six animals between 0 and 14 days post-treatment to characterize the drug/metabolite plasma disposition kinetics. Additionally, 16 lambs were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 96 h post-administration to assess the drug concentrations in the GI fluid contents and tissues. MNP and MNPSO₂ concentrations were determined by HPLC. MNP parent compound was rapidly oxidized into MNPSO₂. MNP systemic availability was significantly lower than that observed for MNPSO₂. The peak plasma concentrations were 15.1 (MNP) and 61.4 ng/ml (MNPSO₂). The MNPSO₂ to MNP plasma concentration profile ratio (values expressed in AUC) reached a value of 12. Markedly higher concentrations of MNP and MNPSO₂ were measured in both abomasal and duodenal fluid contents, and mucosal tissues compared to those recovered from the bloodstream. A great MNP availability was measured in the abomasal content with concentration values ranging between 2000 and 4000 ng/g during the first 48 h post-treatment. Interestingly, the metabolite MNPSO₂ was also recovered in abomasal content but its concentrations were significantly lower compared to MNP. The parent drug and its sulphone metabolite were detected in the different segments of the sheep intestine. MNPSO₂ concentrations in the different intestine sections sampled were significantly higher compared to those measured in the abomasum. Although MNP is metabolized to MNPSO₂ in the liver, the large concentrations of both anthelmintically active molecules recovered during the first 48 h post-treatment from the abomasum and small intestine may greatly contribute to the well-established pharmacological activity of MNP against GI nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - J Sallovitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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