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Dai YC, Yeh SY, Cheng YY, Huang WH, Liou GG, Yang TY, Chang CY, Fang TF, Chang CW, Su MT, Lee CP, Chen MR. BGLF4 kinase regulates the formation of the EBV cytoplasmic assembly compartment and the recruitment of cellular IQGAP1 for virion release. J Virol 2024; 98:e0189923. [PMID: 38294245 PMCID: PMC10878254 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01899-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
After Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome replication and encapsidation in the nucleus, nucleocapsids are translocated into the cytoplasm for subsequent tegumentation and maturation. The EBV BGLF4 kinase, which induces partial disassembly of the nuclear lamina, and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFLF2 coordinately facilitate the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids. Here, we demonstrate that within EBV reactivated epithelial cells, viral capsids, tegument proteins, and glycoproteins are clustered in the juxtanuclear concave region, accompanied by redistributed cytoplasmic organelles and the cytoskeleton regulator IQ-domain GTPase-activation protein 1 (IQGAP1), close to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). The assembly compartment (AC) structure was diminished in BGLF4-knockdown TW01-EBV cells and BGLF4-knockout bacmid-carrying TW01 cells, suggesting that the formation of AC structure is BGLF4-dependent. Notably, glycoprotein gp350/220 was observed by confocal imaging to be distributed in the perinuclear concave region and surrounded by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane marker calnexin, indicating that the AC may be located within a globular structure derived from ER membranes, adjacent to the outer nuclear membrane. Moreover, the viral capsid protein BcLF1 and tegument protein BBLF1 were co-localized with IQGAP1 near the cytoplasmic membrane in the late stage of replication. Knockdown of IQGAP1 did not affect the AC formation but decreased virion release from both TW01-EBV and Akata+ cells, suggesting IQGAP1-mediated trafficking regulates EBV virion release. The data presented here show that BGLF4 is required for cytoskeletal rearrangement, coordination with the redistribution of cytoplasmic organelles and IQGAP1 for virus maturation, and subsequent IQGAP1-dependent virion release.IMPORTANCEEBV genome is replicated and encapsidated in the nucleus, and the resultant nucleocapsids are translocated to the cytoplasm for subsequent virion maturation. We show that a cytoplasmic AC, containing viral proteins, markers of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and endosomes, is formed in the juxtanuclear region of epithelial and B cells during EBV reactivation. The viral BGLF4 kinase contributes to the formation of the AC. The cellular protein IQGAP1 is also recruited to the AC and partially co-localizes with the virus capsid protein BcLF1 and tegument protein BBLF1 in EBV-reactivated cells, dependent on the BGLF4-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement. In addition, virion release was attenuated in IQGAP1-knockdown epithelial and B cells after reactivation, suggesting that IQGAP1-mediated trafficking may regulate the efficiency of virus maturation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Dai
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yun Yeh
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Cheng
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Office of Research and Development, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fang Fang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tzu Su
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cai M, Xiao B, Wang Y, Wang K, Luo W, Fu J, Wang S, Deng S, Li B, Gong L, Zhong J, Hu L, Pan L, Wang L, Liu Y, Huang C, Li X, Zeng Q, Kang H, Li L, Zan J, Peng T, Yang H, Li M. Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoprotein 110 inhibits NF-κB activation by interacting with NF-κB subunit p65. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104613. [PMID: 36931391 PMCID: PMC10173782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the lymphotropic virus family, and is highly correlated with some human malignant tumors. It has been reported that envelope glycoprotein 110 (gp110) plays an essential role in viral fusion, DNA replication, and nucleocapsid assembly of EBV. However, it has not been established whether gp110 is involved in regulating the host's innate immunity. In this study, we found that gp110 inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-mediated NF-κB promoter activity and the downstream production of NF-κB-regulated cytokines under physiological conditions. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we showed that gp110 might impede the NF-κB promoter activation downstream of NF-κB transactivational subunit p65. Subsequently, we used co-immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that gp110 interacts with p65 during EBV lytic infection, and that the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of gp110 is the key interaction domain with p65. Furthermore, we determined gp110 can bind to the N-terminal Rel homologous and C-terminal domains of p65. Alternatively, gp110 might not disturb the association of p65 with non-transactivational subunit p50, but we showed it restrains activational phosphorylation (at Ser536) and nuclear translocation of p65, which we also found to be executed by the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of gp110. Altogether, these data suggest that the surface protein gp110 may be a vital component for EBV to antagonize the host's innate immune response, which is also helpful for revealing the infectivity and pathogenesis of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kezhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangqin Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenyu Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingxia Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liding Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yintao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyuan Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoran Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meili Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Möhl BS, Chen J, Park SJ, Jardetzky TS, Longnecker R. Epstein-Barr Virus Fusion with Epithelial Cells Triggered by gB Is Restricted by a gL Glycosylation Site. J Virol 2017; 91:e01255-17. [PMID: 28956769 PMCID: PMC5686762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01255-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) entry into epithelial cells is mediated by the conserved core fusion machinery, composed of the fusogen gB and the receptor-binding complex gH/gL. The heterodimeric gH/gL complex binds to the EBV epithelial cell receptor or gp42, which binds to the B-cell receptor, triggering gB-mediated fusion of the virion envelope with cellular membranes. Our previous study found that the gL glycosylation mutant N69L/S71V had an epithelial cell-specific hyperfusogenic phenotype. To study the influence of this gL mutant on the initiation and kinetics of gB-driven epithelial cell fusion, we established a virus-free split-green fluorescent protein cell-cell fusion assay that enables real-time measurements of membrane fusion using live cells. The gL_N69L/S71V mutant had a large increase in epithelial cell fusion activity of up to 300% greater than that of wild-type gL starting at early time points. The hyperfusogenicity of the gL mutant was not a result of alterations in complex formation with gH or alterations in cellular localization. Moreover, the hyperfusogenic phenotype of the gL mutant correlated with the formation of enlarged syncytia. In summary, our present findings highlight an important role of gL in the kinetics of gB-mediated epithelial cell fusion, adding to previous findings indicating a direct interaction between gL and gB in EBV membrane fusion.IMPORTANCE EBV predominantly infects epithelial cells and B lymphocytes, which are the cells of origin for the EBV-associated malignancies Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Contrary to the other key players of the core fusion machinery, gL has the most elusive role during EBV-induced membrane fusion. We found that the glycosylation site N69/S71 of gL is involved in restricting epithelial cell fusion activity, strongly correlating with syncytium size. Interestingly, our data showed that the gL glycosylation mutant increases the fusion activity of the hyperfusogenic gB mutants, indicating that this gL mutant and the gB mutants target different steps during fusion. Our studies on how gL and gB work together to modulate epithelial cell fusion kinetics are essential to understand the highly tuned tropism of EBV for epithelial cells and B lymphocytes and may result in novel strategies for therapies preventing viral entry into target host cells. Finally, making our results of particular interest is the absence of gL syncytial mutants in other herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta S Möhl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seo Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Söllner J, Heinzel A, Summer G, Fechete R, Stipkovits L, Szathmary S, Mayer B. Concept and application of a computational vaccinology workflow. Immunome Res 2010; 6 Suppl 2:S7. [PMID: 21067549 PMCID: PMC2981879 DOI: 10.1186/1745-7580-6-s2-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last years have seen a renaissance of the vaccine area, driven by clinical needs in infectious diseases but also chronic diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Equally important are technological improvements involving nano-scale delivery platforms as well as third generation adjuvants. In parallel immunoinformatics routines have reached essential maturity for supporting central aspects in vaccinology going beyond prediction of antigenic determinants. On this basis computational vaccinology has emerged as a discipline aimed at ab-initio rational vaccine design.Here we present a computational workflow for implementing computational vaccinology covering aspects from vaccine target identification to functional characterization and epitope selection supported by a Systems Biology assessment of central aspects in host-pathogen interaction. We exemplify the procedures for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), a clinically relevant pathogen causing chronic infection and suspected of triggering malignancies and autoimmune disorders. RESULTS We introduce pBone/pView as a computational workflow supporting design and execution of immunoinformatics workflow modules, additionally involving aspects of results visualization, knowledge sharing and re-use. Specific elements of the workflow involve identification of vaccine targets in the realm of a Systems Biology assessment of host-pathogen interaction for identifying functionally relevant targets, as well as various methodologies for delineating B- and T-cell epitopes with particular emphasis on broad coverage of viral isolates as well as MHC alleles.Applying the workflow on EBV specifically proposes sequences from the viral proteins LMP2, EBNA2 and BALF4 as vaccine targets holding specific B- and T-cell epitopes promising broad strain and allele coverage. CONCLUSION Based on advancements in the experimental assessment of genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes for both, pathogen and (human) host, the fundaments for rational design of vaccines have been laid out. In parallel, immunoinformatics modules have been designed and successfully applied for supporting specific aspects in vaccine design. Joining these advancements, further complemented by novel vaccine formulation and delivery aspects, have paved the way for implementing computational vaccinology for rational vaccine design tackling presently unmet vaccine challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Söllner
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Rathausstrasse 5/3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Rathausstrasse 5/3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Georg Summer
- University of Applied Sciences, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Raul Fechete
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Rathausstrasse 5/3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Susan Szathmary
- Galenbio Kft., Erdőszél köz 21, 1037 Budapest, Hungary and GalenBio, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Bernd Mayer
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Rathausstrasse 5/3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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