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Zhao X, He C, Gao D, Xu T, Li X, Liu J, Li S, Wang H. Construction of Infectious cDNA Clone of Brassica Yellows Virus Isolated from Strawberry and Establishment of TaqMan RT-qPCR. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36501425 PMCID: PMC9735513 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The natural host range for brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is generally limited to Cruciferae. However, we found that BrYV can naturally infect strawberry. The full-length genome sequences of BrYV-MB (accession No. MZ666129) and BrYV-HY (accession No. ON060762) identified in strawberry from Yantai and Beijing, China, were obtained by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) combined with the RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The complete genome sequences of BrYV-MB and BrYV-HY are 5666 nt and contain six open reading frames (ORFs). The two isolates have the highest nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of 99.0%. The infectious cDNA clone of BrYV-HY was constructed through homologous recombination and used to agroinfiltrate Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. The inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana showed necrotic symptoms after 4 days of inoculation (dpi), and the systematic leaves of A. thaliana exhibited purple symptoms at 14 dpi. To develop a rapid and high-sensitive method for the detection of BrYV, a TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method (TaqMan RT-qPCR) was established. Under optimum reaction conditions, the sensitivity of the detection was as low as 100 fg and approximately 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR, so it can be used in large-scale testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengyong He
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dehang Gao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu L, Ren Q, Peng B, Kang B, Wu H, Gu Q. Construction of an Agrobacterium-mediated infectious cDNA clone of melon aphid-borne yellows virus. Virus Res 2022; 315:198779. [PMID: 35427675 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melon aphid-borne yellows virus (MABYV), a member of the genus Polerovirus in the family Solemoviridae, has widely spread in recent years and cause yellowing disease on cucurbits. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of MABYV bottle guard (Lagenaria siceraria) isolate MABYV-KF, and constructed its infectious cDNA clone under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter by Gibson assembly. The 5,677 nt of its genome shared more than 94.00% sequence identity with the two known MABYV isolates. The inoculation results showed that MABYV infectious cDNA clone could systemically infect bottle guard, cucumber and muskmelon plants, and cause typical yellowing symptom. The virus progeny from the infectious clone could be transmitted between bottle guard plants by aphid. Further analyses revealed that point mutations in the F-box-like motif (Pro57) and C-terminal conserved sequence (Phe211) of P0 cause low viral accumulations in systematic leaves and failed to induce symptom. The infectious clone will be potentially a tool in the investigation of viral pathogenesis, virus-virus interaction and virus-host/-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Baoshan Kang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Huijie Wu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China.
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Niu E, Liu H, Zhou H, Luo L, Wu Y, Andika IB, Sun L. Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:2189. [PMID: 34834995 PMCID: PMC8619118 DOI: 10.3390/v13112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus Citrivirus, family Betaflexiviridae) activated autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation. Impairment of autophagy through silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 (NbATG5) and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV; however, it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established. Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation. Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (E.N.); (H.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China;
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (E.N.); (H.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (E.N.); (H.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (E.N.); (H.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (E.N.); (H.Z.); (L.L.)
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Comparative Analysis of Biological Characteristics among P0 Proteins from Different Brassica Yellows Virus Genotypes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111076. [PMID: 34827069 PMCID: PMC8614689 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Polerovirus P0 proteins are multifunctional proteins. Besides their viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) functions, several P0 proteins can induce a cell death phenotype within the infiltrated region of Nicotiana benthamiana or Nicotiana glutinosa. Recently, the Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) genotype A P0 protein (P0BrA) was identified as a strong viral suppressor of RNAi. In this study, we compared the features of the P0 proteins encoded by different genotypes of BrYV and revealed their difference in inducing cell death in N. benthamiana. Key residues in P0BrA for inducing cell death were also identified. We also showed that all three BrYV genotypes had synergistic interaction with PEMV 2 in N. benthamiana. This study provides theoretical guidance for controlling the viral disease caused by poleroviruses in the future. Abstract Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is a tentative species of the genus Polerovirus, which has at least three genotypes (A, B, and C) in China. The P0 protein of BrYV-A (P0BrA) has been identified as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), which can also induce cell death in infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. In this study, we demonstrated that the cell death induced by P0BrA was accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased Pathogenesis-related protein genes-1 (PR1) expression. Meanwhile, this cell death phenotype was delayed by salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment. Biological function comparison of the three P0 proteins showed that transiently expressed P0BrB or P0BrC induced a significantly delayed and milder cell death response compared with P0BrA. However, like P0BrA, they also suppressed local and systemic RNA silencing. Six residues of P0BrA essential for inducing cell death were identified by comparative analysis and amino acid substitution assay. We also show that all three BrYV genotypes have synergistic interactions with pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2) in N. benthamiana. This study provides theoretical guidance for controlling the viral disease caused by poleroviruses in the future.
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A Simple Method for the Acquisition and Transmission of Brassica Yellows Virus from Transgenic Plants and Frozen Infected Leaves by Aphids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091944. [PMID: 34579476 PMCID: PMC8471377 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is a tentative species of the genus Polerovirus, which occurs widely, and mostly damages Brassicaceae plants in East Asia. Because BrYV cannot be transmitted mechanically, an insect-based transmission method is required for further virus research. Here, a reliable and unrestricted method is described, in which non-viruliferous aphids (Myzus persicae) acquired BrYV from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, harboring the full-length viral genome germinated from seeds and its frozen leaves. The aphids then transmitted the virus to healthy plants. There was no significant difference in acquisition rates between fresh and frozen infected leaves, although the transmission rate from frozen infected leaves was lower compared to fresh infected leaves. This simple novel method may be used to preserve viral inocula, evaluate host varietal resistance to BrYV, and investigate interactions among BrYV, aphids, and hosts.
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Li Y, Sun Q, Zhao T, Xiang H, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhou C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li D, Yu J, Dinesh‐Kumar SP, Han C. Interaction between Brassica yellows virus silencing suppressor P0 and plant SKP1 facilitates stability of P0 in vivo against degradation by proteasome and autophagy pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1458-1473. [PMID: 30664234 PMCID: PMC6593998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
P0 protein of some polerovirus members can target ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) to suppress RNA silencing. Although P0 harbors an F-box-like motif reported to be essential for interaction with S phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) and RNA silencing suppression, it is the autophagy pathway that was shown to contribute to AGO1 degradation. Therefore, the role of P0-SKP1 interaction in silencing suppression remains unclear. We conducted global mutagenesis and comparative functional analysis of P0 encoded by Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) (P0Br ). We found that several residues within P0Br are required for local and systemic silencing suppression activities. Remarkably, the F-box-like motif mutant of P0Br , which failed to interact with SKP1, is destabilized in vivo. Both the 26S proteasome system and autophagy pathway play a role in destabilization of the mutant protein. Furthermore, silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana SKP1 ortholog leads to the destabilization of P0Br . Genetic analyses indicated that the P0Br -SKP1 interaction is not directly required for silencing suppression activity of P0Br , but it facilitates stability of P0Br to ensure efficient RNA silencing suppression. Consistent with these findings, efficient systemic infection of BrYV requires P0Br . Our results reveal a novel strategy used by BrYV for facilitating viral suppressors of RNA silencing stability against degradation by plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Cuiji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Savithramma P. Dinesh‐Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome CenterCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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7
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Brassica yellows virus' movement protein upregulates anthocyanin accumulation, leading to the development of purple leaf symptoms on Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16273. [PMID: 30389981 PMCID: PMC6215002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are widely distributed and often of great economic importance because they cause a variety of symptoms, such as the rolling of young leaves, leaf color changes, and plant decline, in infected plants. However, the molecular mechanism behind these viral-induced symptoms is still unknown. Here, we verified the pathogenicity of the polerovirus Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) by transforming its full-length amplicon into Arabidopsis thaliana, which resulted in many abnormal phenotypes. To better understand the interactions between BrYV and its host, global transcriptome profiles of the transgenic plants were compared with that of non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants. An association between the BrYV- induced purple leaf symptoms and the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was noted. Using the transgenic approach, we found that movement protein of BrYV was responsible for the induction of these coloration symptoms. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the BrYV’ pathogenicity and show that the BrYV-induced purple leaf symptom resulted from its movement protein stimulating anthocyanin accumulation.
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8
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Wetzel V, Brault V, Varrelmann M. Production of a Beet chlorosis virus full-length cDNA clone by means of Gibson assembly and analysis of biological properties. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1522-1527. [PMID: 30215595 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Beet chlorosis virus (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae), which is persistently transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae, is part of virus yellows in sugar beet and causes interveinal yellowing as well as significant yield loss in Beta vulgaris. To allow reverse genetic studies and replace vector transmission, an infectious cDNA clone under cauliflower mosaic virus 35S control in a binary vector for agrobacterium-mediated infection was constructed using Gibson assembly. Following agroinoculation, the BChV full-length clone was able to induce a systemic infection of the cultivated B. vulgaris. The engineered virus was successfully aphid-transmitted when acquired from infected B. vulgaris and displayed the same host plant spectrum as wild-type virus. This new polerovirus infectious clone is a valuable tool to identify the viral determinants involved in host range and study BChV protein function, and can be used to screen sugar beet for BChV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Wetzel
- 1Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Sugar Beet Research, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Véronique Brault
- 2SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, INRA, Equipe Virologie Vection, 28 Rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Mark Varrelmann
- 1Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Sugar Beet Research, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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Bally J, Jung H, Mortimer C, Naim F, Philips JG, Hellens R, Bombarely A, Goodin MM, Waterhouse PM. The Rise and Rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: A Plant for All Reasons. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:405-426. [PMID: 30149789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A decade ago, the value of Nicotiana benthamiana as a tool for plant molecular biologists was beginning to be appreciated. Scientists were using it to study plant-microbe and protein-protein interactions, and it was the species of choice with which to activate plasmid-encoded viruses, screen for gene functions with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and transiently express genes by leaf agroinfiltration. However, little information about the species' origin, diversity, genetics, and genomics was available, and biologists were asking the question of whether N. benthamiana is a second fiddle or virtuoso. In this review, we look at the increased knowledge about the species and its applications over the past decade. Although N. benthamiana may still be the sidekick to Arabidopsis, it shines ever more brightly with realized and yet-to-be-exploited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Cara Mortimer
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Fatima Naim
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Roger Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0002, USA
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA;
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Sun Q, Li YY, Wang Y, Zhao HH, Zhao TY, Zhang ZY, Li DW, Yu JL, Wang XB, Zhang YL, Han CG. Brassica yellows virus P0 protein impairs the antiviral activity of NbRAF2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3127-3139. [PMID: 29659986 PMCID: PMC5972614 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In interactions between poleroviruses and their hosts, few cellular proteins have been identified that directly interact with the multifunctional virus P0 protein. To help explore the functions of P0, we identified a Brassica yellows virus genotype A (BrYV-A) P0BrA-interacting protein from Nicotiana benthamiana, Rubisco assembly factor 2 (NbRAF2), which localizes in the nucleus, cell periphery, chloroplasts, and stromules. We found that its C-terminal domain (amino acids 183-211) is required for self-interaction. A split ubiquitin membrane-bound yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that NbRAF2 interacted with P0BrA, and co-localized in the nucleus and at the cell periphery. Interestingly, the nuclear pool of NbRAF2 decreased in the presence of P0BrA and during BrYV-A infection, and the P0BrA-mediated reduction of nuclear NbRAF2 required dual localization of NbRAF2 in the chloroplasts and nucleus. Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing of NbRAF2 promoted BrYV-A infection in N. benthamiana, and the overexpression of nuclear NbRAF2 inhibited BrYV-A accumulation. Potato leafroll virus P0PL also interacted with NbRAF2 and decreased its nuclear accumulation, indicating that NbRAF2 may be a common target of poleroviruses. These results suggest that nuclear NbRAF2 possesses antiviral activity against BrYV-A infection, and that BrYV-A P0BrA interacts with NbRAF2 and alters its localization pattern to facilitate virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang XY, Zhao TY, Li YY, Xiang HY, Dong SW, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Conserved Proline18 in the Polerovirus P3a Is Important for Brassica Yellows Virus Systemic Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29670592 PMCID: PMC5893644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF3a, a newly identified non-AUG-initiated ORF encoded by members of genera Polerovirus and Luteovirus, is required for long-distance movement in plants. However, the mechanism of action of P3a in viral systemic movement is still not clear. In this study, sequencing of a brassica yellows virus (BrYV) mutant defective in systemic infection revealed two-nucleotide variation at positions 3406 and 3467 in the genome. Subsequent nucleotide substitution analysis proved that only the non-synonymous substitution (C→U) at position 3406, resulting in P3aP18L, abolished the systemic infection of BrYV. Preliminary investigation showed that wild type BrYV was able to load into the petiole of the agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, whereas the mutant displayed very low efficiency. Further experiments revealed that the P3a and its mutant P3aP18L localized to the Golgi apparatus and near plasmodesmata, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Both P3a and P3aP18L were able to self-interact in vivo, however, the mutant P3aP18L seemed to form more stable dimer than wild type. More interestingly, we confirmed firstly that the ectopic expression of P3a of other poleroviruses and luteoviruses, as well as co-infection with Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2), restored the ability of systemic movement of BrYV P3a defective mutant, indicating that the P3a is functionally conserved in poleroviruses and luteoviruses and is redundant when BrYV co-infects with PEMV 2. These observations provide a novel insight into the conserved function of P3a and its underlying mechanism in the systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology–Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhou CJ, Zhang XY, Liu SY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. Synergistic infection of BrYV and PEMV 2 increases the accumulations of both BrYV and BrYV-derived siRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45132. [PMID: 28345652 PMCID: PMC5366869 DOI: 10.1038/srep45132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral synergism is caused by co-infection of two unrelated viruses, leading to more severe symptoms or increased titres of one or both viruses. Synergistic infection of phloem-restricted poleroviruses and umbraviruses has destructive effects on crop plants. The mechanism underlying this synergy remains elusive. In our study, synergism was observed in co-infections of a polerovirus Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and an umbravirus Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2) on Nicotiana benthamiana, which led to (1) increased titres of BrYV, (2) appearance of severe symptoms, (3) gain of mechanical transmission capacity of BrYV, (4) broader distribution of BrYV to non-vascular tissues. Besides, profiles of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) from BrYV and PEMV 2 in singly and doubly infected plants were obtained by small RNA deep sequencing. Our results showed that accumulation of BrYV vsiRNAs increased tremendously and ratio of positive to negative strand BrYV vsiRNAs differed between singly infected and co-infected plants. Positions to which the BrYV vsiRNAs mapped to the viral genome varied considerably during synergistic infection. Moreover, target genes of vsiRNAs were predicted and annotated. Our results revealed the synergistic characteristics during co-infection of BrYV and PEMV 2, and implied possible effects of synergism have on vsiRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Sandra N, Jailani AAK, Jain RK, Mandal B. Genome characterization, infectivity assays of in vitro and in vivo infectious transcripts of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus from India reveals a novel short mild genotype. Virus Res 2017; 232:96-105. [PMID: 28215614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequence of a distinct soybean yellow mottle mosaic virusisolate from Vignaradiata (mungbean isolate, SYMMV-Mb) from India was determined and compared with othermembers of the family Tombusviridae. The complete monopartite single-stranded RNA genome of SYMMV-Mb consisted of 3974nt with six putative open reading frames and includes 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 35 and 254nt, respectively. SYMMV-Mb genome shared 75% nt sequence identity at complete genome level and 67-92% identity at all ORFs level with SYMMV Korean and USA isolates (soybean isolates) followed by CPMoV, whereas it shared very low identity with other tombusviridae members (5-41%). A full-length infectious cDNA clone of the SYMMV-Mb placed under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase and the CaMV35S promoters was generated and French bean plants on mechanical inoculation with in vitro RNA transcripts, p35SSYMMV-O4 plasmid and agroinoculation with p35SSYMMV-O4 showed symptoms typical of SYMMV-Mb infection. The infection was confirmed by DAC-ELISA, ISEM, RT-PCR and mechanical transmission to new plant species. Further testing of different plant species with agroinoculation of p35SSYMMV-O4 showed delay in symptoms but indistinguishable from mechanical sap inoculation and the infection was confirmed by DAC-ELISA, RT-PCR and mechanical transmission to new plants. The system developed here will be useful for further studies on pathogenecity, viral gene functions, plant-virus-vector interactions of SYMMV-Mb and to utilize it as a gene expression and silencing vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Sandra
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - A Abdul Kader Jailani
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Zhang X, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li D, Yu J, Han C. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of three genotypes of Brassica yellows virus by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virol J 2016; 13:189. [PMID: 27876078 PMCID: PMC5120529 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), proposed to be a new polerovirus species, three distinct genotypes (BrYV-A, BrYV-B and BrYV-C) have been described. This study was to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of three genotypes of BrYV. RESULTS In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the three genotypes of BrYV. The three genotypes of BrYV and Tunip yellows virus (TuYV) could be differentiated simultaneously using six optimized specific oligonucleotide primers, including one universal primer for detecting BrYV, three BrYV genotype-specific primers, and a pair of primers for specific detection of TuYV. Primers were designed from conserved regions of each virus and their specificity was confirmed by sequencing PCR products. The mRT-PCR products were 278 bp for BrYV-A, 674 bp for BrYV-B, 505 bp for BrYV-C, and 205 bp for TuYV. Amplification of three target genotypes was optimized by increasing the PCR annealing temperatures to 62 °C. One to three fragments specific for the virus genotypes were simultaneously amplified from infected samples and identified by their specific molecular sizes in agarose gel electrophoresis. No specific products could be amplified from cDNAs of other viruses which could infect crucifer crops. Detection limits of the plasmids for multiplex PCR were 100 fg for BrYV-A and BrYV-B, 10 pg for BrYV-C, and 1 pg for TuYV, respectively. The mRT-PCR was applied successfully for detection of three BrYV genotypes from field samples collected in China. CONCLUSIONS The simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective mRT-PCR was developed successfully for detection and differentiation of the three genotypes of BrYV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen S, Jiang G, Wu J, Liu Y, Qian Y, Zhou X. Characterization of a Novel Polerovirus Infecting Maize in China. Viruses 2016; 8:E120. [PMID: 27136578 PMCID: PMC4885075 DOI: 10.3390/v8050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel virus, tentatively named Maize Yellow Mosaic Virus (MaYMV), was identified from the field-grown maize plants showing yellow mosaic symptoms on the leaves collected from the Yunnan Province of China by the deep sequencing of small RNAs. The complete 5642 nucleotide (nt)-long genome of the MaYMV shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (73%) to Maize Yellow Dwarf Virus-RMV. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggested that MaYMV represents a new member of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae. Furthermore, the P0 protein encoded by MaYMV was demonstrated to inhibit both local and systemic RNA silencing by co-infiltration assays using transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying the GFP reporter gene, which further supported the identification of a new polerovirus. The biologically-active cDNA clone of MaYMV was generated by inserting the full-length cDNA of MaYMV into the binary vector pCB301. RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses showed that this clone was systemically infectious upon agro-inoculation into N. benthamiana. Subsequently, 13 different isolates of MaYMV from field-grown maize plants in different geographical locations of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of China were sequenced. Analyses of their molecular variation indicate that the 3' half of P3-P5 read-through protein coding region was the most variable, whereas the coat protein- (CP-) and movement protein- (MP-)coding regions were the most conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guangzhuang Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yajuan Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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