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Mach N. The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38606662 PMCID: PMC11018052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Boonlaos A, Wechsirisan W, Chaibuth P, Chupia V, Chotinun S, Chuammitri P. Quercetin enhances and modulates the fungal killing efficacy of chicken heterophils through immunological recognition, effector functions, and resolution. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101582. [PMID: 33242719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herbal compound, quercetin, has previously been shown its modulatory effects on mammalian neutrophils and avian counterpart. However, at this instance it is not clear how quercetin promotes its effects on fungal and yeast killing in chicken heterophils. In the present study, we have proved that quercetin exerts the significant modulatory effects against pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans) in freshly isolated heterophils from Thai native broiler chicken. This substance is shown to facilitate heterophil effector functions through the reduction of ROS generation, and promotion of phagocytosis and candidacidal killing. The quercetin effects on zymosan recognition and migration of cells toward zymosan are subtle, but insignificant differed from control, whereas cell migration towards live Candida is markedly differed. We also find the abundant release of heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) from quercetin-primed cells. From a gene expression standpoint, cells received quercetin display the up-regulation of fungal recognition and migratory genes. The quercetin shows anti-inflammatory function by suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes as well as most of ROS-related genes. Collectively, our findings highlight and provide clues for a promising utilization of quercetin in chicken innate immunity to further combat the fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antika Boonlaos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wiriyachayon Wechsirisan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pawitree Chaibuth
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vena Chupia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suwit Chotinun
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences (CEVB), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Pieper J, Locke M, Ruzaike G, Voigt S, Methner U, Berndt A. In vitro and in vivo generation of heterophil extracellular traps after Salmonella exposure. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 188:1-11. [PMID: 28615122 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The release of extracellular traps (ETs) by granulocytes is a unique strategy to stop the dissemination of microbial pathogens. This study was undertaken to elucidate the potential of avian granulocytes (heterophils) to form ETs that can arrest and kill Salmonella organisms. After in vitro exposure of isolated heterophils and in vivo infection of day-old chicks with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Infantis (SI) or Enteritidis (SE), the generation of ETs as well as the trapping and survivability of Salmonella organisms in the ET meshwork were determined by means of microscopy and spectrophotometry. In vitro, heterophils were able to form ETs within 15min after SE and SI inoculation. At 120min and with a multiplicity of infection of 1 and 5, SI induced significantly more ETs and DNA release than SE. Both SE and SI were found to be associated with the ET structures. Live-dead staining showed most of the microorganisms within the extracellular scaffold alive. In vivo, heterophils were detected in cecal lumen of SE-, but not SI-infected chicks. In cecum of the SE-exposed chicks, ET formations were scarcely detected whereas intact heterophils with phagocytosed bacteria were frequently found. The results evidence the capability of heterophils to generate ETs after SE and SI exposure in vitro. However, an infection of chicks with Salmonella did not significantly induce the formation of ET structures in cecum. Thus, the process to form ETs (ETosis) seems not to be of special relevance for Salmonella defense within the cecal lumen of young chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pieper
- University of Applied Sciences, Department for Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Locke
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gunda Ruzaike
- University of Applied Sciences, Department for Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Voigt
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Methner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Berndt
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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