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Zhu Y, Shao Y, Tian C, Zhang W, Zhang T, Shao Y, Ma J. Preparation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash/ granite sawing mud ceramsite and the morphological transformation and migration properties of chlorine. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 173:1-9. [PMID: 37951037 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a hazardous waste containing high chlorine and harmful substances generated during the waste incineration disposal, and its resource utilization has a positive effect on reducing environmental pollution. In this study, the feasibility of preparing lightweight MSWI fly ash/granite sawing mud ceramsite (MG ceramsite) was investigated by evaluating the influence of Al2O3 addition, MSWI fly ash content and sintering temperature on the ceramsite properties. The microstructure of MG ceramsite was investigated by using SEM, the chlorine morphological transformation and migration behaviors were simultaneously explored by using the tube furnace experiment, XRD and XRF analyses. The experimental results show that the maximum MSWI fly ash content is about 30 wt%∼35 wt%, with the Al2O3 addition of at least 10 %. By controlling the MSWI fly ash content of 30 wt%, MG ceramsite can be obtained with bulk density of 986 kg/m3, cylindrical compressive strength of 19.67 MPa, 1 h water absorption of 0.31 %, and chlorine content of 0 after sintering at 1150 °C for 20 min. Chlorine in MG ceramsite enters into the tail gas or secondary fly ash in the form of chlorine salts and chlorine-containing gas when the sintering temperature is above 800 °C. The MG ceramsite prepared from MSWI fly ash meets the lightweight aggregate standard and are environmentally friendly. However, the disposal of tail gas and secondary fly ash needs attention when the MSWI fly ash is used as one of the main raw materials to prepare ceramsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co. LTD, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Chao Tian
- Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co. LTD, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanqiu Shao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinwei Ma
- Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co. LTD, Jinan 250000, China
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Zhang J, Chen T, Li H, Tu S, Zhang L, Hao T, Yan B. Mineral phase transition characteristics and its effects on the stabilization of heavy metals in industrial hazardous wastes incineration (IHWI) fly ash via microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162842. [PMID: 36924959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals in industrial hazardous waste incineration (IHWI) fly ash can be effectively stabilized by using microwave-assisted hydrothermal technology. However, few works have focused on the relationship between mineralogical conversion and stability of heavy metals of fly ash during hydrothermal process. This study investigated the effect of mineral phase transition process on the stabilization and migration behavior of heavy metals in IHWI fly ash using coal fly ash as silicon‑aluminum additive. Mineral composition analysis reveals that after microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment (MAHT) of IHWI fly ash, zeolite-like minerals (e.g., tobermorite, katoite and sodalite), secondary aluminosilicate minerals (e.g., prehnite and anorthite) and other newly-formed minerals (e.g., wollastonite, pectolite and larnite) were found. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in IHWI fly ash decrease sharply after MAHT with the most obvious decreases in Cu, Pb and Zn. Spearman correlation analysis show significantly negative correlation between the content of zeolite-like minerals and the leaching concentrations of most heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). These results suggest that the immobilization effects of heavy metals in IHWI fly ash can be effectively enhanced by promoting the formation of zeolite-like minerals during the MAHT. This study is expected to further promote the development of IHWI fly ash harmless treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuchen Tu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianyang Hao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Yan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li W, Yan D, Li L, Wen Z, Liu M, Lu S, Huang Q. Review of thermal treatments for the degradation of dioxins in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Proposing a suitable method for large-scale processing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162565. [PMID: 36889396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin degradation is considered essential for the environmentally sound management of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). Among the many degradation techniques, thermal treatment has shown good prospects owing to its high efficiency and wide range of applications. Thermal treatment is divided into high-temperature thermal, microwave thermal, hydrothermal, and low-temperature thermal treatments. High-temperature sintering and melting not only have dioxin degradation rates higher than 95 % but also remove volatile heavy metals, although energy consumption is high. High-temperature industrial co-processing effectively solves the problem of energy consumption, but with a low fly ash (FA) mixture, and the process is limited by location. Microwave thermal treatment and hydrothermal treatment are still in the experimental stage and cannot be used for large-scale processing. The dioxin degradation rate of low-temperature thermal treatment can also be stabilized at higher than 95 %. Compared to other methods, low-temperature thermal treatment is less costly and energy consumption with no restriction on location. This review comprehensively compares the current status of the above-mentioned thermal treatment methods and their ability to dispose of MSWIFA, especially the potential for large-scale processing. Then, the respective characteristics, challenges, and application prospects of different thermal treatment methods were discussed. Finally, based on the goal of low carbon and emission reduction, three possible approaches for improvement were proposed to address the challenges of large-scale processing of low-temperature thermal treatment, namely, adding a catalyst, changing the FA fraction, or supplementing with blockers, providing a reasonable development direction for the degradation of dioxins in MSWIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daihai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Meijia Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shengxin Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100085, China.
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4
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Zhao H, Yang F, Wang Z, Li Y, Guo J, Li S, Shu J, Chen M. Chlorine and heavy metals removal from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by electric field enhanced oxalic acid washing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117939. [PMID: 37141657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Electric field enhanced oxalic acid (H2C2O4) washing was conducted to examine the simultaneously removal efficiency of heavy metals (HMs) and chlorine, especially insoluble chlorine from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSW FA). Results show that chlorine and HMs can be effectively removed with a total chlorine, As, Ni and Zn removal rate of 99.10%, 79.08%, 75.42% and 71.43%, when the electrode exchange frequencies is 40 Hz, current density is 50 mA/cm2, H2C2O4 adding amount is 0.5 mol/L and the reaction time is 4 h. Insoluble chlorine removal efficiency is up to 95.32%, much higher than reported studies. And the chlorine content in the residue is lower than 0.14%. Meanwhile, HMs removal efficiency is remarkable, 41.62%-67.51% higher than that of water washing. The high-efficient removal effect is caused by the constantly changing direction of electrons hitting the fly ash surface, which provides more escape channels for internal chlorine and HMs. These results proved that electric field enhanced oxalic acid washing could be a promising method for removing contaminants from MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Feihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Zhaojia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - YinMing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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5
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Fan X, Yuan R, Gan M, Ji Z, Sun Z. Subcritical hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:160745. [PMID: 36586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous waste generated from the incineration process, and the harmless treatment of MSWI-FA has attracted widespread attention. Subcritical hydrothermal treatment is competitive in achieving the harmless treatment and resource recycling of MSWI-FA. It exhibits excellent performance in degrading dioxins, stabilizing heavy metals, and converting MSWI-FA into zeolite or tobermorite at low temperatures. This paper clearly introduces the characteristics of MSWI-FA, roundly summarizes the current research status of treating MSWI-FA by subcritical hydrothermal methods, and deeply clarifies the mechanisms of dioxins degradation, zeolite/tobermorite synthesis, and heavy metals stabilization. Considering the research status of handling MSWI-FA by subcritical hydrothermal methods, future research directions are proposed. Owing to the advantages of high efficiency, energy-saving, and environmental sustainability, subcritical hydrothermal treatment of MSWI-FA exhibits promising prospects for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Ruirui Yuan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zengqing Sun
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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Lin S, Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yan J. Zeolite greenly synthesized from fly ash and its resource utilization: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158182. [PMID: 35995162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash is an incineration byproduct of thermal power plants. Due to the complex composition of fly ash, improper disposal will seriously harm the ecological environment. Therefore, how to effectively use fly ash to safely and environmentally replace landfills is a worldwide concern. Considering the high silicon and aluminum contents in fly ash, it has the potential to synthesize zeolite, which has a wide range of applications in sewage treatment, gas adsorption, etc. Therefore, the synthesis of zeolites from fly ash is consistent with the theme of sustainable development. The synthesis mechanism of zeolite, various synthetic methods of zeolite from fly ash and their advantages and disadvantages was introduced in detail. In addition, combined with the current research hotspots, the application of synthetic zeolite from fly ash in the fields of sewage treatment and gas adsorption was introduced. Finally, the future development prospects and research directions of synthetic zeolite from fly ash to improve the utilization rate of fly ash were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University, Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University, Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University, Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Song M, Lan T, Meng Y, Ju T, Chen Z, Shen P, Du Y, Deng Y, Han S, Jiang J. Effect of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation treatment on the solidification and stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) - Based materials incorporated with metakaolin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136089. [PMID: 36028130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been considered as a potential treatment method for the solidification and stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA).The main obstacle for MICP treatment of MSWI-FA is the harsh environment which causes the bacteria fail to maintain their urease activity effectively, thus decreases the solidification effect and material properties. Currently, there is no research on blending metakaolin (MK) as a protective carrier for the bacteria into the MSWI-FA. The effect of the MICP process on the curing properties of MSWI FA-based cementing materials in the MK and MSWI-FA reaction system is largely unknown. In this study, different mixing ratios of MK were used to adjust the Ca/Si/Al ratio in the mixture, and the properties of the cementing material (MSWI-FA mixed with MK and water) and the MICP-treated material (MSWI-FA mixed with MK and bacterial solution) were investigated. This study contributes to find suitable additives to promote effect of MICP on the solidification of MSWI-FA and the improvement of material properties. The results showed when the mixing ratio of MSWI FA was 90 wt %, the MICP treatment was able to increase the compressive strength of the samples up to 0.99 Mp, and the compressive strength of samples reached 1.46 MPa, when the mixing ratio of MSWI FA was 80 wt %. Though the metakaolin did not show inhibitory effect on the urease activity, the compressive strength of the MICP-treated samples did not further show a significant increase when the mixture of MK was increased from 20 wt% to 30 wt%. Further investigation suggested that MICP activities of bacteria utilizing calcium sources could have an impact on the formation/deformation of calcium-containing hydration products in the reaction system, thus affecting the mechanical and chemical properties of MSWI based materials. MICP treatment is effective in the immobilization of certain heavy metals of MSWI FA, especially for Pb, Cd and Zn. This research shows the potential of using MICP to treat the MSWI fly ash, meanwhile, it is necessary to find suitable reaction system with the proper additives in order to further improve the properties of the MSWI FA based material in terms of mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Song
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongyao Ju
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhehong Chen
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongchi Deng
- China Tiegong Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yan J. Disposal technology and new progress for dioxins and heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119878. [PMID: 35944780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration has gradually become the most effective way to deal with MSW due to its obvious volume reduction and weight reduction effects. However, since heavy metals and organic pollutants carried by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI FA) pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, they need to be handled carefully. In this study, the current status of MSWI FA disposal was first reviewed, and the harmless and resourceful disposal technologies of heavy metals and organic pollutants in MSWI FA are summarized as well. A summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, including sintering, melting/vitrification, hydrothermal treatment, mechanochemistry, solidification/stabilization of MSWI FA, is compared. Finally, the research work that needs to be strengthened in the future (such as codisposal of multiple wastes, long-term stability research of disposal products, etc.) was proposed. Through comprehensive analysis, some reasonable and feasible suggestions were provided for the effective and safe disposal of MSWI FA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
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Zhao B, Hu X, Lu J. Analysis and discussion on formation and control of dioxins generated from municipal solid waste incineration process. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1063-1082. [PMID: 35816420 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with extremely toxic. Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process has become one of the most dominant discharge sources of dioxins. A comprehensive discussion about dioxin formation mechanisms was reviewed in this paper, and the mechanisms of high-temperature gas-phase reaction and "de novo" synthesis were systematically illustrated in the form of diagrams. What's more, the effects of various influencing factors on the formation of PCDD/Fs were briefly analyzed in the form of a table. We believed that temperature, catalyst, chlorine source, carbon source, oxygen concentration and moisture were necessary factors for PCDD/Fs formation. Control technologies of dioxins in MSWI process were summarized subsequently from three stages: pre-combustion, in-combustion and post-combustion, and a device for synergistic removal of dioxins based on multi-field force coupling and technical routes for controlling dioxin emissions were proposed, so as to provide mechanisms and methods for effectively reducing the emission concentration of dioxins. An introduction was also conducted of dioxin control technologies in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) in this paper, and their mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages and technical maturity were illustrated in the form of diagrams, which can provide theory and reference for in-depth research of follow-up scholars and industrial application of dioxin control technologies. Finally, current research hotspots, challenges and future research directions were proposed.Implications: In this paper, the main research contents and achievements are as follows: With the emphasis placed on the formation mechanism of dioxins and effects of various influencing factors on the formation of PCDD/Fs. The control technology of dioxins in MSWI process is summarized subsequently from three stages: pre-combustion, in-combustion and post-combustion.A device for synergistic removal of dioxins based on multi-field force coupling and technical routes for controlling dioxin emissions are proposed.A systematic review is conducted of the research progress on control technologies of dioxins in MSWI fly ash in the most recent years.The mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages and technical maturity of PCDD/Fs degradation technologies in MSWI fly ash are illustrated in the form of diagrams.Current research hotspots, challenges and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiude Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianyi Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
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Zhang J, Liu B, Zhang X, Shen H, Liu J, Zhang S. Co-vitrification of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and bottom slag: Glass detoxifying characteristics and porous reformation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113995. [PMID: 36007319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Safety and efficient dispose of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash with high toxicity has emerged as a worldwide challenge. Vitrification provides the advantages of capacity reduction, detoxification, and solidification of heavy metals, which has the potential to dispose of hazardous waste on a large scale. Herein, co-vitrification of MSWI fly ash and bottom slag has been accomplished based on the characteristics of calcium and silicon composition. A novel approach for producing glass ceramic foams by alkaline activation-crystallization was developed to realize the disposal of the obtained glass. The effect of MSWI fly ash/bottom slag ratios on the glass network, crystallization ability of the basic glass, pore structure, and physical properties of the porous green body was investigated. The results revealed that with increasing MSWI fly ash proportion, the Si-O of [SiO4] in the basic glass changed significantly and the crystallization ability steadily reduced. Si-O and Al-O in basic glass are easy to corrode under alkaline conditions, releasing Ca2+ and forming a low solubility product, calcium silicate hydrate. When the crystallization temperature increases from 950 ℃ to 1150 ℃, it is more conducive to the precipitation of the gehlenite phase. Extending the crystallization time promotes three-dimensional growth of crystals that are coupled with each other to form a network structure and a multi-stage pore structure. The pore structure was developed with the help of NH3 and H2 generated by the secondary aluminum ash (SAA). Through the preparation of glass ceramic foams, the raw materials were detoxified. The toxic heavy metals showed extremely low leaching concentrations, which were smaller than the limit of TCLP. The prepared samples had 70.22-80.61% of porosity, 0.78-1.19 g/cm3 of low bulk density, and 0.54-7.86 MPa of compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Xinjiang Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Urumqi 830009, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hanlin Shen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Anshassi M, Smallwood T, Townsend TG. Life cycle GHG emissions of MSW landfilling versus Incineration: Expected outcomes based on US landfill gas collection regulations. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 142:44-54. [PMID: 35176598 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
From a GHG perspective, most LCA studies find incineration (MSWI) to be preferred over landfilling because of high energy recovery offsets. In some studies, however, landfilling results in less greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions than MSWI. We investigated using LCA, the landfill gas (LFG) collection efficiencies and waste composition that led to landfills resulting in less GHG emissions. Then, we explored what theoretical minimum lifetime gas collection efficiencies can be expected when following US LFG regulations. Only landfills with high LFG collection efficiencies (at least 81%) and recovery of methane for energy resulted in less GHG emissions compared to the management of the same waste stream in MSWI; required efficiency increased to 93% without LFG energy recovery. Expected theoretical lifetime LFG collection efficiencies were modeled in the range of 30-80%, with the lower rates associated with landfills having smaller input masses, high decay rates, and low concentrations of nonmethane organic compounds (CNMOC). Our modeling found that only under a limited combination of conditions (e.g., high CNMOC, high waste input rate, low decay rate) could a landfill expect to achieve a LFG collection efficiency as high as 80%, and that this value falls just under the 81-93% collection efficiency threshold needed for a landfill to result in less GHG emissions than MSWI. When exploring the influence of higher oxidation rates, changing decay rates, varying electricity grids, and inclusion of nonferrous metals recovery offsets the collection effciency range needed increased in nearly all cases; the electricity grid and nonferrous metals offsets had the greatest influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Anshassi
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Thomas Smallwood
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
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12
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Wang X, Gao M, Wang M, Wu C, Wang Q, Wang Y. Removal of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using lactic acid fermentation broth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62716-62725. [PMID: 34215983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is considered as a hazardous solid waste because of the high mobility of heavy metals. In this study, the removal of heavy metals in MSWIFA using lactic acid fermentation broth (LAFB) under various leaching protocols (i.e. LAFB addition amount and timing) was investigated. Results revealed that compared with that in pure lactic acid solution, the synergistic effect of various substances in LAFB was more favourable to the dissolution of heavy metals. Although the content of acid-soluble heavy metals in MSWIFA decreased after leaching with LAFB, the leaching toxicity measured by acetic acid buffer solution method increased to varying degrees (except that of Cr). Moreover, the maximum leaching concentration of Pb was 14.1 mg/L (standard limit, 0.25 mg/L), which was not conducive to the landfill treatment of MSWIFA. However, if the LAFB-treated MSWIFA was used in cement kiln for co-disposal, the amount of MSWIFA entering the kiln was 6.0 percentage points higher than that in pure water leaching. Therefore, LAFB leaching instead of water leaching is expected to be an effective pre-treatment method for the utilisation of MSWIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chengdu Environmental Investment Group Co., LTD, Building 1, Tianfushijia, No. 1000 Jincheng Street, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wong G, Gan M, Fan X, Ji Z, Chen X, Wang Z. Co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and bottom slag: A novel method of low temperature melting treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124438. [PMID: 33229258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional melting for disposing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash or bottom slag needed high temperature and consumed high energy. High calcium content in fly ash and high silicon content in bottom slag brought them high melting point, respectively. Based on the analysis of chemical composition and phase diagram, suitable contents, namely 30%-40% CaO, 45%-60% SiO2 and 10%-15% Al2O3, were proposed to obtain a lower-melting-point mixture system. When the mass ratio of fly ash to bottom slag was 1:5, lowest melting point can be obtained. It was 1,190 ℃, lower than that of fly ash (1,448 ℃) and bottom slag (1,310 ℃). The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure of slags obtained from low melting treatment met the leaching toxicity of Chinese standard GB 5085.3-2007, and the slags containing about 25 wt% CaO, 10 wt% Al2O3 and 45 wt% SiO2 can be used for preparing CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics. The co-process of fly ash and bottom slag realized the low temperature melting treatment with low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Wong
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xuling Chen
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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14
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Liu J, Hu L, Tang L, Ren J. Utilisation of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash with metakaolin for preparation of alkali-activated cementitious material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123451. [PMID: 32688190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The proper treatment on hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is important. The application of alkali-activation technology to prepare alkali-activated MSWIFA (AAFA) material provides a potential not only to immobilise the heavy metals, but also to trigger its pozzolanic property in manufacturing building material. In this study, in addition to investigate the feasibility of alkaline activation technology in preparing AAFA with sodium silicate activator, the effect of metakaolin in AAFA (AAFM) was also explored to enhance its performance. The results showed that, compared to the AAFA, blending 10 % metakaolin in AAFA significantly improved both 28-day and 90-days compressive strengths, which was almost 200 % higher than that of AAFA. The compressive strength was increased with increasing the dosage of sodium silicate. The C-S-H gel was observed as the main hydration product of AAFA and AAFM. Moreover, the ettringite was observed in AAFM due to the reaction between the CaSO4 in MSWIFA and aluminate phase from metakaolin. Finally, the 28 and 210-day leaching behaviours of AAFM on Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were successfully suppressed to less than 1 % of that originally from MSWIFA, which can meet the requirement from Chinese standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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15
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Luo Z, Chen L, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhao J, Mu Y. Analysis of melting reconstruction treatment and cement solidification on ultra-risk municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash-blast furnace slag mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32139-32151. [PMID: 32577969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High temperature melting treatment and cement solidification are technologies currently used to reduce the leaching of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash. In this paper, to ascertain the feasibility of melting MSWI fly ash with blast furnace (BF) slag, ultra-risk MSWI(U-MSWI) fly ash having high heavy metal (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr) contents were blended with BF slag, then melted and quenched into water to prepare reconstructed slag. The melting and solidification behaviors, phase composition and microstructure, and heavy metal leachability of reconstructed slag were studied. In addition, to study the further solidification and utilization of reconstructed slag in cement, the compressive strength and leaching concentration of cement composites with reconstructed slag were also investigated. The results indicate that the presence of heavy metals in the U-MSWI fly ash had a little influence on the microstructure and phase composition of reconstructed slag. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in the reconstructed slag increased with the increasing of U-MSWI fly ash content, and when the content of U-MSWI fly ash was less than 50 wt%, the reconstructed slag could meet the environmental requirements. The reconstructed slag further solidified by cement could be applied to landfill and construction materials. The technology of melting reconstruction treatment with cement solidification was a technical-economical choice for the industrial treatment of U-MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liugang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, China Building Materials Academy, Beijing, 100024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhao HL, Liu F, Liu HQ, Wang L, Zhang R, Hao Y. Comparative life cycle assessment of two ceramsite production technologies for reusing municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:447-455. [PMID: 32604007 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmless treatment and reuse of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash are challenging. Two reuse technologies of converting incinerator fly ash to ceramsites via rotary kiln sintering and non-sintering have been demonstrated in China. Field monitoring results reveal that the destruction efficiency of PCDD/Fs are both higher than 99% in two processes. The leaching rate of heavy metals in both ceramsite products, their pollutant emissions in production process meet the standards. Environmental impacts of two ceramsite products were compared using life cycle assessment approach. Rotary kiln sintering ceramsite has lower environmental impacts in most categories and delivers a smaller integrated impacts index than non-sintering ceramsite. For rotary kiln sintering ceramsite, transportation, electricity and curing agent in dust disposal are the most significant contributors to most of environmental impacts categories results, accounting for 33.7%, 29.0% and 24.6% to the integrated impacts index, respectively. For non-sintering ceramsite, curing agent and electricity contribute 69.6% and 15.8% to the integrated impacts index, respectively. Based on these life cycle assessment results, recommendations for current plant operation and new plants planning are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Zhao
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Han-Qiao Liu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300384, China
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17
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Chen Y, Xu L, Tan SN, Sun X, Deng Y, Yang W. Solidification and multi-cytotoxicity evaluation of thermally treated MSWI fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122041. [PMID: 31954298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash produced in waste-to-energy plants possesses a serious threat to human health. Although the traditional methods including toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and sequential extraction approach can partially evaluate the reduction of heavy metals leaching from thermally treated MSWI fly ash, the potential threat towards organisms is frequently ignored in previous literature. Considering this, herein we systematically assess the cytotoxicity of heat-treated samples using multiple cells from different biological tissues/organs for the first time. The results indicate that the leachability and transferability of heavy metals are declined after treatment. The biological assays demonstrate that the leachates from the treated residues induce lower phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity compared with the original samples. Moreover, according to the cellular responses of multiple cells to the leachates, normal cells (MC3T3-E1, HUVEC, and L929) are more tolerant to the leachates than cancerous cells (4T1, MG63), and the skin fibroblasts (L929), which often interact with the external circumstance, have the best cellular tolerance. This work provides a novel platform to determine the potential biosecurity of MSWI fly ash-derived products towards organisms, when they are served as secondary building materials in the constructional industry that may be contact with animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Swee Ngin Tan
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore; Zerowaste Asia Co. Ltd., Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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18
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Liang S, Chen J, Guo M, Feng D, Liu L, Qi T. Utilization of pretreated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash for cement-stabilized soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:425-432. [PMID: 32126370 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) as additive for the strengthening of pretreated cement-stabilized soil was evaluated. Results indicated that the leaching concentrations of chromium and lead in MSWIFA after the water washing process and addition of 4% ferrous sulphate were reduced by 67% and 89%, respectively, which was lower than the limit value of Identification standard for hazardous waste (GB 5085.3-2007). After pretreatment, MSWIFA samples with ratios of 5% and 10% were blended into cement-stabilized soil with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) content of 10%, 15% and 20%. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS), internal friction angle and cohesion of the cement-stabilized soil increased with OPC and pretreated MSWIFA (PFA) content. The same effect was observed on UCS after the addition of 10% PFA as replacement of 5% OPC. In the subsequent X-ray powder diffraction test, scanning electron microscopy and leaching tests, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals in cement-stabilized soil became far lower than the limit value under the synergistic effects of the physical encapsulation of hydration products and stabilization of chemical agents. The incorporation of PFA as a supplementary material can effectively accelerate the formation of hydration products and can thus provide cleaner options for foundation reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deluan Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Dongguan Institute of Building Research, Lianma Road, Dongguan 523820, China
| | - Tian Qi
- Guangzhou Environmental Protection Investment Group Co., Ltd, No. 1226 Xingang East Road, Guangzhou 510330, China
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19
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Wong S, Mah AXY, Nordin AH, Nyakuma BB, Ngadi N, Mat R, Amin NAS, Ho WS, Lee TH. Emerging trends in municipal solid waste incineration ashes research: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7757-7784. [PMID: 32020458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) threatens the environmental integrity and well-being of humans at a global level. Incineration is regarded as a technically sound technology for the management of MSW. However, the effective management of the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes remains a challenge. This article presents the global dynamics of MSWI ashes research from 1994 to 2018 based on a bibliometric analysis of 1810 publications (research articles and conference proceedings) extracted from the Web of Science database, followed by a comprehensive summary on the research developments in the field. The results indicate the rapid growth of annual publications on MSWI ashes research, with China observed as the most productive country within the study period. Waste Management, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Chemosphere and Waste Management & Research, which accounted for 35.42% of documents on MSWI research, are the most prominent journals in the field. The most critical thematic areas on this topic are MSWI ashes characterisation, dioxin emissions from fly ash, valorisation of bottom ash and heavy metal removal. The evolution of MSWI ashes treatment technologies is also discussed, together with the challenges and future research directions. This is the first bibliometric analysis on global MSWI ashes research based on a sufficiently large dataset, which could provide new insights for researchers to initiate further research with leading institutions/authors and ultimately advance this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syieluing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Angel Xin Yee Mah
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Laboratory, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Ramli Mat
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Shin Ho
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ting Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocess, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
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20
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Yao S, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wu J, Lu Z, Lu J. Evaluation of heavy metal element detection in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on LIBS sensor. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:492-498. [PMID: 31751921 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal elements are the main pollutants in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, the online detection of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash could benefit its subsequent solidification treatment and land-filling. In this paper, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was introduced to the rapid measurement of heavy metal elements in MSWI fly ash. Considering the serious matrix effect in MSWI fly ash, the multiple linear regression model combined with internal standard method was used to establish the calibration curves of heavy metals. Validated samples were used to evaluate the performance of quantitative analysis models. The results show that linear regression coefficients (R2) of the calibration curves for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn are 0.981, 0.988, 0.968, 0.978 and 0.993, respectively. The average relative error of the prediction results are from 6.8 to 20.3%. The detection limits of the heavy metal content are Cd (11.13 μg/g), Cr (44.87 μg/g), Cu (36.18 μg/g), Pb (10.83 μg/g), Zn (12.27 μg/g), respectively, which are far below those required in the Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB16889-2008). All results indicate the great potential of LIBS sensor for online rapid detection of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchun Yao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yeming Zhu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Junye Wu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jidong Lu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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21
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PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to discriminate between different emission sources and between natural and anthropogenic contributions is a key issue for planning efficient air pollution reduction and mitigation strategies. Moreover, the knowledge of the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition for the different size fractions is recognized as increasingly important, in particular with respect to health effects of exposed population. This study is focused on the characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 main sources located in the Civitavecchia harbor-industrial area (Central Italy), namely a large coal-fired power plant, a natural gas power plant, the harbor area, the vehicular traffic (due to both the local traffic and the highway crossing the area) and small industrial activities. The approach was based on PM10/PM2.5 samples monthly collected for one year and a further relative chemical characterization of organic and inorganic fractions. Wind-select sensors, allowing a selective PM10 and PM2.5 sampling downwind to specific emission sources, were used for the overall sampling. This methodology manages to explain specific emission patterns and to assess the concentration levels of the micro pollutants emitted by local sources and particularly toxic for health. A descriptive statistical analysis of data was performed, also verifying the occurrence of legislative threshold exceedances. Moreover, in order to highlight the contribution of specific sources, the differences in the measured micro pollutants concentrations between wind directions, PM size fractions and sampling sites have been investigated, as well as the seasonal trends of pollutants concentrations. These results allow to highlight that the applied methodology represents a valid support in source apportionment studies.
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Zhan X, Wang L, Wang L, Wang X, Gong J, Yang L, Bai J. Enhanced geopolymeric co-disposal efficiency of heavy metals from MSWI fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue using complex alkaline and calcining pre-treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 98:135-143. [PMID: 31446253 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The predominant heavy metals in MSWI fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) were determined to be Zn, Pb, Cd, and Mn, with lesser amounts of Cu and Cr. The curing efficiency of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash and EMR was improved using complex alkaline activators (NaOH and KOH), base addition (calcium hydroxide and complex Portland cement), and EMR calcining (at 800 °C for 3 h) based on a geopolymeric system. The best formulation of the geopolymeric system was composed of 75 wt% MSWI fly ash and 25 wt% EMR with a KOH/NaOH (1:1) complex solution (7.5 M OH-)/solid of 0.5. Calcium ions were dissolved aluminosilicate under the strongly basic conditions to form complex products (ternesite) which further improved the strength. The primary curing mechanism of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Cr, and Cu) mainly was primarily influenced by the acid-base buffering capacity of geopolymers, followed by the physical encapsulation of geopolymeric gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, PR China
| | - Li'ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, PR China
| | - Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Chong Qing Municipal Solid Waste Resource Utilization & Treatment Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Jisong Bai
- Chong Qing Municipal Solid Waste Resource Utilization & Treatment Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 401331, PR China
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Azam M, Setoodeh Jahromy S, Raza W, Wesenauer F, Schwendtner K, Winter F. Comparison of the Characteristics of Fly Ash Generated from Bio and Municipal Waste: Fluidized Bed Incinerators. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2664. [PMID: 31438623 PMCID: PMC6747597 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
European solid waste incinerator plants still primarily use grate furnace technology, although circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology is steadily expanding. Therefore, few investigations have reported on the environmental assessment of fly ash from fluidized incinerators. This research project aims to integrate information on fly ash derived from the combustion of municipal solid waste (FA1) and biomass (FA2) in fluidized bed incinerator facilities. Fly ash samples were comparatively analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to study the mineralogy, morphology, total heavy metal content, and leaching behavior, respectively. The analysis revealed that the two types of fly ash differ in their characteristics and leaching behavior. The concentration of most of the heavy metals in both is low compared to the literature values, but higher than the regulatory limits for use as a soil conditioner, whereas the high contents of Fe, Cu, and Al suggest good potential for metal recovery. The leaching ability of most elements is within the inert waste category, except for Hg, which is slightly above the non-hazardous waste limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Azam
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WIEN, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Saman Setoodeh Jahromy
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WIEN, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Waseem Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Florian Wesenauer
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WIEN, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Schwendtner
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Winter
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU WIEN, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Phua Z, Giannis A, Dong ZL, Lisak G, Ng WJ. Characteristics of incineration ash for sustainable treatment and reutilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16974-16997. [PMID: 31041714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) generates bottom ash, fly ash (FA), and air pollution control (APC) residues as by-products. FA and APC residues are considered hazardous due to the presence of soluble salts and a high concentration of heavy metals, and they should be appropriately treated before disposal. Physicochemical characterization using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have shown that FA and APC have potential for reuse after treatment as these contain CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3. Studies conducted on treatment of FA and APC are categorized into three groups: (i) separation processes, (ii) solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes, and (iii) thermal processes. Separation processes such as washing, leaching, and electrochemical treatment improve the quality and homogeneity of the ash. S/S processes such as chemical stabilization, accelerate carbonation, and cement solidification modify hazardous species into less toxic constituents. Thermal processes such as sintering, vitrification, and melting are effective at reducing volume and producing a more stable product. In this review paper, the treatment processes are analyzed in relation to ash characteristics. Issues concerning mixing FA and APC residues before treatment, true treatment costs, and challenges are also discussed to provide further insights on the implications and possibilities of utilizing FA and APC as secondary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Phua
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, 73100, Chania, Greece.
| | - Zhi-Li Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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