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He Y, Jarvis P, Huang X, Shi B. Unraveling the characteristics of dissolved organic matter removed by aluminum species based on FT-ICR MS analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121429. [PMID: 38503184 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Given the complexity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its interactions with coagulant chemicals, the mechanisms of DOM removal by aluminum (Al) coagulants remains a significant unknown. In this study, six test waters containing DOM with molecular weight (MW, <1 kDa, 1-10 kDa and >10 kDa) and hydrophobicity (hydrophilic, transphilic and hydrophobic) were prepared and coagulated with Al0, Al13 and Al30. The molecular-level characteristics of DOM molecules that were removed or resistant to removal by Al species were analyzed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results showed that at the molecular level, saturated and reduced tannins and lignin-like compounds containing abundant carboxyl groups exhibited higher coagulation efficiency. Unsaturated and oxidized lipids, protein-like, and carbohydrates compounds were relatively resistant to Al coagulation due to their higher polarity and lower content of carboxyl groups. Al13 removed molecules across a wider range of molecular weights than Al0 and Al30, thus the DOC removal efficiency of Al13 was the highest. This study furthers the understanding of interactions between Al species and DOM, and provides scientific insights on the operation of water treatment plants to improve control of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian He
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Jarvis
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Huang X, Chen K, Zhang Z, Pang H, Huang X, Yang J, Wang X, Lu J. Continuation of a cleaning process: Application of MNBs-coagulation process to mitigate ultrafiltration membrane fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121032. [PMID: 38157598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The MNBs-coagulation process as a novel and cleaning enhanced coagulation process has been demonstrated to enhance the removal efficiency of hydrophilic organics. In this study, while continuing the concept of cleaning production, the MNBs-coagulation process was first applied to the ultrafiltration process and was expected to alleviate the ultrafiltration membrane fouling. This study investigated the effect of the involvement of MNBs in coagulation-ultrafiltration process (the MC-UF process) on the fouling behaviour of ultrafiltration membrane based on the calculation of membrane resistance distribution and the fitting of membrane fouling model. In addition, the NOM removal efficiency, floc characteristics analysis and membrane hydrophilicity analysis were used to illustrate the mechanism of mitigating ultrafiltration mebrane fouling by the MC-UF process. The experimental results showed that the involvement of MNBs in the coagulation-ultrafiltration process was able to reduce the irreversible fouling and TMP by 43.1 % and 41.6 % respectively. This phenomenon could be attributed to the involvement of MNBs in the coagulation process to improve the removal efficiency of hydrophilic organics and to enhance the characteristics of flocs, thus reducing the possibility of hydrophilic organics and broken flocs entering and blocking the membrane pores. In addition, the FT-IR spectral changes before and after the floc breakage were analyzed by 2D-COS technique in this study, and it was found for the first time that the participation of MNBs in the coagulation process could change the sequence of functional group transformation within the floc, and promote the generation of hydrogen bonds between flocs by hindering the generation of hydroxyl groups (-OH), and improve the shear resistance and regrowth capacity of flocs while reducing the possibility of broken flocs entering and blocking membrane pores. In summary, the MC-UF process proposed in this study can significantly mitigate ultrafiltration membrane fouling while meeting cleaning production, providing theoretical support for the application of the process to practical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kunyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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3
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Xu Y, Liu J, You G, Yang Z, Miao L, Wu J, Yang G, Hou J. A quaternary ammonium salt grafted tannin-based flocculant boosts the conjugative transfer of plasmid-born antibiotic resistance genes: The nonnegligible side of their flocculation-sterilization properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166515. [PMID: 37619725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This study developed dual-function tannin-based flocculants, namely tannin-graft-acrylamide-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (TGCC-A/TGCC-C), endowed with enhanced flocculation-sterilization properties. The impacts of these flocculants on proliferation and transformation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria during the flocculation-deposition process were examined. TGCC-A/TGCC-C exhibited remarkable flocculation capacities towards both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, encompassing a logarithmic range of initial cell density (108-109 CFU/mL) and a broad pH spectrum (pH 2-11). The grafted quaternary ammonium salt groups played pivotal parts in flocculation through charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms, concurrently contributing to sterilization by disrupting cellular membranes. The correlation between flocculation and sterilization entails a sequential progression, where an excess of TGCC, initially employed for flocculation, is subsequently consumed for sterilization purposes. The frequencies of ARGs conjugative transfer were enhanced in bacterial flocs across all TGCC treatments, stemming from augmented bacterial aggregation and cell membrane permeability, elicited stress response, and up-regulated genes encoding plasmid transfer. These findings underscore the indispensable role of flocculation-sterilization effects in mediating the propagation of ARGs, consequently providing substantial support for the scientific evaluation of the environmental risks associated with flocculants in the context of ARGs dissemination during the treatment of raw water featuring high bacterial density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang You
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lu J, Huang X, Zhang Z, Pang H, Chen K, Xia H, Sui Y, Chen R, Zhao Z. Co-coagulation of micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) for enhanced drinking water treatment: A study on the efficiency and mechanism of a novel cleaning process. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119245. [PMID: 36283233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MNBs (Micro-nano bubbles) are widely used in cleaning processes for environmental treatments, but few studies have examined the interaction of MNBs with coagulation. In this study, a novel process, i.e., MNBs-coagulation, was developed for enhanced drinking water treatment. The humic acid (HA) removal efficiency was used to evaluate the effectiveness of MNBs-coagulation for drinking water treatment. The hydrolysis component ratio of polymeric aluminum chloride (PACl) with and without MNBs, the complexation strength of HA and PACl, and flocculent functional group characterization were used to analyze the mechanism of the MNBs-coagulation process to enhance drinking water treatment. The results of a Jar test showed that the MNBs-coagulation process could improve the removal efficiency of HA (up to a 27.9% increase in DOC removal). In continuous-flow experiments to remove HA, MNBs-coagulation can increase the removal efficiency of UV254 by about 26.5% and with no significant change in turbidity. These results are attributed to the inherent hydroxyl radical generating properties of MNBs, the forced hydrolysis of PACl by MNBs to increase the Alc percentage, and the ability of MNBs to increase the complexation strength of HA with PACl. At the same time, the MNBs-coagulation process has a strong anti-interference ability, almost no interference from anions and cations such as Cl-, SO42- and Ca2+, and has a good performance in natural surface water. In summary, MNBs-coagulation has strong potential for practical applications to enhance the efficiency of drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kunyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haozhe Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yiyu Sui
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rongwen Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ziang Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Huang Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Yan H, Chen C, Yan D, Ji X. Abatement technology of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by means of enhanced coagulation and ozonation for wastewater reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131515. [PMID: 34265705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the purification efficiency during enhanced coagulation, ozone oxidation and their combined processes for the removal of trace amounts of EDCs in different DOM matrices. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiency of EDCs occurred at or near pH 7.0 when measured over a pH range of 4.0-10.0. The addition of natural colloids had a two-part influence. While the floc generated by polyaluminium chloride (PAC) significantly increased in size from 198.0 μm to 290.4 μm with a simultaneous improvement in the removal efficiency of EDCs, the floc size generated by polyferric sulfate (PFS) had no worthwhile change except for a slight decrement. The removal efficiency of EDCs and the decrease in spectral parameters including UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence during ozonation processes with and without pre-coagulation were investigated. During the ozonation process, efficient elimination of target EDCs are achieved at low O3 doses (O3/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) < 0.2) in different water matrices. The pH-titration differential absorbance spectra technique further demonstrated that the high reactivity of O3 to EDCs is owing to their phenolic moieties. In addition, when mgO3/mgDOC ratio reaches to ~0.40, >90% of estrogenic activity was eliminated. In a nutshell, ozonation with pre-coagulation together leads to considerably higher abatement of EDCs and estradiol (E2) equivalent values (EEQ) at the same ozone dosage than ozonation only process for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Hanlu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Dandan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
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Wang P, Ding S, Xiao R, An G, Fang C, Chu W. Enhanced coagulation for mitigation of disinfection by-product precursors: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102518. [PMID: 34507242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The unintended formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) has received considerable attention as it may pose risks to human health. Coagulation is the most common process for removing particulates as well as dissolved organic matter (DOM) (i.e., DBP precursors) during drinking water and wastewater treatments. With the improvement of water quality standards and the increased fluctuation in source water quality, conventional coagulation becomes challenging. Thus, significant efforts have been made to enhance coagulation to promote the removal of DOM in source water and mitigate the formation of DBPs in drinking water. This review provides a brief summary of the properties of DBP precursors and summarizes the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation involving three types of coagulants (metal-based coagulants, organic polymers, and organic-inorganic hybrid coagulants) in controlling the formation of DBPs during chlor(am)ination disinfection. Metal-based coagulants can achieve a reduction in DBP formation potential of approximately 20%-60% in natural water under enhanced coagulation conditions. Both the organic polymers (used as coagulant aids) and novel hybrid coagulants increase the removal of DOM and exhibit high potential for mitigating DBP formation. In addition, integrated treatments combining coagulation with other treatment processes (e.g., oxidation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, and adsorption) to enhance DBP precursor removal are evaluated in terms of performance, mechanisms, and features. Advanced treatments, such as membrane filtration and activated carbon adsorption, are effective coagulation-assisted processes, and can further control chlorinated DBPs; however, the elevated formation of bromate or highly brominated DBPs is of particular concern.
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Peydayesh M, Suta T, Usuelli M, Handschin S, Canelli G, Bagnani M, Mezzenga R. Sustainable Removal of Microplastics and Natural Organic Matter from Water by Coagulation-Flocculation with Protein Amyloid Fibrils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8848-8858. [PMID: 34170128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination is a global threat due to its damaging effects on the environment and human health. Water pollution by microplastics (MPs), dissolved natural organic matter (NOM), and other turbid particles is ubiquitous in water treatment. Here, we introduce lysozyme amyloid fibrils as a novel natural bio-flocculant and explore their ability to flocculate and precipitate the abovementioned undesired colloidal objects. Thanks to their positively charged surface in a very broad range of pH, lysozyme amyloid fibrils show an excellent turbidity removal efficiency of 98.2 and 97.9% for dispersed polystyrene MPs and humic acid (HA), respectively. Additionally, total organic carbon measurements confirm these results by exhibiting removal efficiencies of 93.4 and 61.9% for purifying water from dispersed MPs and dissolved HA, respectively. The comparison among amyloid fibrils, commercial flocculants (FeCl3 and polyaluminumchloride), and native lysozyme monomers points to the superiority of amyloid fibrils at the same dosage and sedimentation time. Furthermore, the turbidity of pristine and MP-spiked wastewater and lake water decreased after the treatment by amyloid fibrils, validating their coagulation-flocculation performance under natural conditions. All these results demonstrate lysozyme amyloid fibrils as an appropriate natural bio-flocculant for removing dispersed MPs, NOM, and turbid particles from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Peydayesh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Toni Suta
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Usuelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Canelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bagnani
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Yu KF, Li P, Li H, Zhang B, Yang J, Huang FY, Li R, He Y. Potential of coagulation to remove particle-associated and free-living antibiotic resistome from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124295. [PMID: 33153783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation has been accepted as a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method to remove pollutants. In our recent work, two coagulants of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) with dosage gradients, and one coagulant aid of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to investigate their potential to remove particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) ARGs and MGEs detected by high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) method. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiencies of PA- and FL-ARGs (4.67- and 3.18-logs) were obtained at the PAFC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. Excessive PAFC dosage can hamper the removal of size-fractionated ARGs. As PAC aid, anionic PAM (1.0 mg/L) had limited effects to promote the removal of PA-ARG, while FL-ARG removal was enhanced by 0.34 log at the PAC dosage of 50.0 mg/L. The fitted curves suggested that the optimal chemical dosages of PAC, PAFC and PAC coupled with PAM in the removal of total ARGs and MGEs were 40.5, 64.7 and 50.0 mg/L, respectively. In addition, we found that much more coagulants were needed to remove FL-ARGs compared to that of PA-ARGs. The removal efficiencies of size-fractionated ARGs by flocculation can be affected by coagulant type, dosage, coagulant aid, Zeta potential and microorganism lifestyle (PA or FL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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9
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Cybulak M, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P. The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5698. [PMID: 33707615 PMCID: PMC7952729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on the fertility of fallow and grassland soils, as well as on the properties of their humic acids (HAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate with a 3-year field experiment the influence of BioC on the organic matter (OM) in Haplic Luvisol. BioC (obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C) was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg m-2. The soil samples were collected eight times. The physicochemical properties were determined for the soil and BioC by analysing the density, pH, surface charge, ash, and organic carbon content. Based on the changes in the structure of the HAs and their quantity in the soils, the chemical properties of the HAs were determined. The maximum BioC dose caused an increase in the content of Corg and HAs. BioC did not influence the humification degree coefficients of the HAs originated from fallow, whereas in the grassland, there were significant changes observed in these coefficient values, indicating that BioC may stimulate and accelerate the humification process of soil HAs. Increasing the BioC doses caused an increase in the soil's HA content, suggesting an increase in soil sorption capacity. The fluorescence data showed BioC addition to the soil caused an increase in the number of structures characterised by low molecular weight and a low degree of humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cybulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Sokołowska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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10
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Kong Y, Ma Y, Ding L, Ma J, Zhang H, Chen Z, Shen J. Coagulation behaviors of aluminum salts towards humic acid: Detailed analysis of aluminum speciation and transformation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Che M, Gong Y, Xu M, Kang C, Lv C, He S, Zheng J. Effects of elevation and slope aspect on the distribution of the soil organic carbon associated with Al and Fe mineral phases in alpine shrub-meadow soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141933. [PMID: 32891998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems store a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) sensitive to global climate change. The SOC associated with Al and Fe minerals is important for SOC retention because of the ubiquitous nature and highly reactive surface properties of these minerals. Topography is also known to impact the distribution and transformation of SOC by creating different microclimates. However, the effect of topography on the distribution of organo-mineral associations has seldom been reported. This study uses a selective dissolution method to quantify the soil carbon (C) fractions associated with Al and Fe minerals in alpine shrub-meadow soil. Na-pyrophosphate (PP), HCl-hydroxylamine (HH) and dithionite-HCl (DH) were used to quantify organo-metal complexes, SOC associated with short-range order (SRO) phases and crystalline phases, respectively. Results suggest that the Al and Fe mineral-associated C accounted for a small proportion of SOC (less than 30%) in each extraction. A higher concentration coupled with a lower percentage of SOC was found in the A horizon compared to the B horizon. A significant correlation was observed between Fe and C in PP and HH extractions, whereas Al was significantly correlated with C in DH extractions. Elevation and slope aspect strongly influenced soil biotic and abiotic parameters, as well as organo-mineral associations. The C fractions extracted by PP and HH were significantly higher in the NE slope aspect than the SW slope aspect. These fractions were positively correlated with soil water content and negatively correlated with soil pH. The C fractions extracted using DH decreased with increasing elevation and were positively correlated with DH extractable Al. Our results highlight the role of topography on the distribution of organo-mineral associations, which should be considered during the assessment of SOC stability in alpine soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Che
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanbo Gong
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Manjing Xu
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengfang Kang
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chen Lv
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuqin He
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jiangkun Zheng
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Lartiges B, El Samrani AG, Montargès-Pelletier E, Bihannic I, Briois V, Michot L. Aggregating ability of ferric chloride in the presence of phosphate ligand. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114960. [PMID: 31408758 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complexing anions such as phosphate or silicate play an ambivalent role in the performance of hydrolyzing metal coagulants: On one hand, they significantly interfere with the hydrolytic pathway of conventional iron or aluminum coagulants, the associated destabilization mechanism remaining rather elusive; on the other hand, they have been shown to be key ingredients in the formulation of innovative coagulant solutions exhibiting improved removal efficiency, their action mechanism at the molecular scale being presently poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the effect of small additions of phosphate ligand on the chemical coagulation of silica nanoparticles with ferric chloride. Transmission Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM-EDXS) combined with Extended X-ray absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS) at the Fe K-edge are used to provide an insight into the nature of coagulant species, whereas jar-tests, laser diffraction, Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), and electrophoretic mobility, are used to investigate the aggregation dynamics of silica particles in the presence of phosphate ligand. We show that, in spite of a slight increase in the consumption of iron coagulant, the addition of phosphate significantly improves the formation of silica aggregates provided that the elemental Fe/P ratio remains above 7. Such effects originate from both a large increase in the overall number of coagulant species, the binding of a phosphate ligand terminating the growth of polymeric chains of edge-sharing Fe octahedra, and a change in the nature of the coagulant species that evolves with the Fe/P ratio, small polycations built-up from Fe-oligomers linked by phosphate tetrahedra being eventually formed. Those non-equilibrium nanosize Fe-P coagulant species assemble the silica nanoparticles to form hetero-aggregates whose structure is consistent with a Diffusion-Limited Cluster Aggregation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lartiges
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. E. Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - A G El Samrani
- Lebanese University, Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Sciences, P.O Box. 5, Campus Rafic Hariri, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - E Montargès-Pelletier
- University of Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR CNRS 7360, 54501, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - I Bihannic
- University of Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR CNRS 7360, 54501, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - V Briois
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, UR1-CNRS, l'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Michot
- Laboratoire PHENIX CNRS Sorbonne Université UMR 8234, 4 Place Jussieu, 72522, Paris Cedex 5, France
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Chen KY, Tzou YM, Chan YT, Wu JJ, Teah HY, Liu YT. Removal and simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) by organo-Fe(III) composites produced during coprecipitation and coagulation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 376:12-20. [PMID: 31100491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Composites formed during the coprecipitation and/or coagulation of ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe in natural and waste water systems might be potential scavengers for Cr(VI) in terms of sorption and reduction. Our objective here was to determine sorption and simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) on organo-Fe(III) composites (OFC) in relation coprecipitated pH and C/(C + Fe) ratios. Results showed the greatest Cr sorption of 51.8 mg g-1 on the OFC sample that was precipitated at pH 3 and contained the C/(C + Fe) molar ratio of 0.71. Wherein the Cr(VI) removal subsequent to the coprecipitation was dominated by the sorption on Fe hydroxides. Although amounts of total sorbed Cr decreased with increasing C/(C + Fe) molar ratio, the reverse trend on Cr(VI) reducibility compensated the Cr(VI) removal capability of OFC samples. With C/(C + Fe) molar ratios ≥ 0.89, the increasing amounts of coprecipitated organic matter that homogeneously distributed with Fe domains on OFC surfaces could trigger a significantly pronounced Cr reduction. Collectively, our results suggested an alternative method for Cr(VI) remediation by manipulating C/Fe ratios in suspensions. After the sorption of most Cr(VI) on Fe hydroxides, increasing C/Fe ratio in systems could further improve the Cr(VI) removal efficiency by the reduction of remaining Cr(VI) to Cr(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Chen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jzung Wu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Teah
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Yang R, Li Z, Huang M, Luo N, Wen J, Zeng G. Characteristics of fulvic acid during coprecipitation and adsorption to iron oxides‑copper aqueous system. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kulishenko AE, Klimenko NA, Grechanik SV, Kravchenko TB, Kostyuk VA, Avramenko LP, Kosogina IV. The Use of Products of Recycling Waste of Aluminum Manufacturing as a Coagulant when Purifying Highly Colored Natural Water. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x1805003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jin X, Zhang W, Ji Z, Zhou L, Jin P, Wang XC, Zhang Y. Application and mechanism of nucleation-induced pelleting coagulation (NPC) in treatment of fracturing wastewater with high concentration of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1082-1090. [PMID: 30223323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the separation efficiency of fluffy flocs during coagulation of fracturing wastewater with high concentration of dissolved organic matter, a novel nucleation-induced pelleting coagulation (NPC) process is proposed based on pelleting coagulation in this study. In the NPC process, nucleation agents were added to act as pellet seeds to generate high-density pellet flocs. The results implied that the necessary condition for the NPC process was to control the metastable state, i.e. zeta potential around -10 mV after addition of the coagulant, polyaluminium chloride (PAC). Diatomite, which was added after rapid mixing, was used as the nucleation agent, and its optimal dosage was about 100 mg/L with particle size 100-200 μm. In addition, the dosage of the coagulant aid, polyacrylamide (PAM), significantly affected the performance of the NPC process, and the optimal PAM dosage was 10 mg/L in this study. It was found that 60 rpm (G = 55.1 s-1) was the optimal hydraulic condition for pellet growth during slow mixing. The pellet floc settling velocity reached 14.9 mm/s and the particle size (d50) reached 4.6 mm with an effective density of 0.021 g/cm3 at the optimal condition, which was one order higher than that of conventional aluminium flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Zhonglun Ji
- Changqing Petroleum and Gas Technology Research Institute, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Changqing Petroleum and Gas Technology Research Institute, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China.
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
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17
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Chen KY, Hsu LC, Chan YT, Cho YL, Tsao FY, Tzou YM, Hsieh YC, Liu YT. Phosphate Removal in Relation to Structural Development of Humic Acid-Iron Coprecipitates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10363. [PMID: 29985471 PMCID: PMC6037709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation of Fe-hydroxide (FH) critically influences the sequestration of PO4 and organic matter (OM). While coatings of pre-sorbed OM block FH surfaces and decrease the PO4 adsorption capacity, little is known about how OM/Fe coprecipitation influences the PO4 adsorption. We aimed to determine the PO4 adsorption behaviors on humic acid (HA)-Fe coprecipitates in relation to surface and structural characteristics as affected by HA types and C/(C + Fe) ratios using the Fe and P X-ray absorption spectroscopy. With increasing C/(C + Fe) ratios, the indiscernible changes in the proportion of near-surface C for coprecipitates containing HA enriched in polar functional groups implied a relatively homogeneous distribution between C and Fe domains. Wherein PO4 adsorbed on FH dominated the P inventory on coprecipitates, yielding PO4 sorption properties nearly equivalent to that of pure FH. Structural disruptions of FH caused by highly associations with polar functional groups of HA enhanced the C solubilisation. While polar functional groups were limited, coprecipitates consisted of core FH with surface outgrowth of HA. Although surface-attached HA that was vulnerable to solubilisation provided alternatively sites for PO4 via ternary complex formation with Fe bridges, it also blocked FH surfaces, leading to a decrease in PO4 adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Chen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Rd., Hsinchu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Cho
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsao
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsieh
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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18
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Jin P, Song J, Yang L, Jin X, Wang XC. Selective binding behavior of humic acid removal by aluminum coagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:290-298. [PMID: 29096301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity characteristics of humic acid (HA) with aluminium coagulants at different pH values was investigated. It revealed that the linear complexation reaction occurred between aluminum and humic acid at pH < 7, and the reaction rate increased as the pH increased from 2 to 6. While at pH = 7, most of the dosed aluminum existed in the form of free aluminum and remained unreacted in the presence of HA until the concentration reached to trigger Al(OH)3(s) formation. Differentiating the change of functional groups of HA by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra analysis, it elucidated that there was a selective complexation between HA and Al with lower Al dosage at pH 5, which was probably due to coordination of the activated functional groups onto aluminium. While almost all components were removed proportionally by sweep adsorption without selectivity at pH 7, as well as that with higher Al dosage at pH 5. This study provided a promising pathway to analyse the mechanism of the interaction between HA and metal coagulants in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China.
| | - Jina Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, 056038, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
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19
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An environmentally friendly electro-oxidative approach to recover valuable elements from NdFeB magnet waste. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Davis CC, Edwards M. Role of Calcium in the Coagulation of NOM with Ferric Chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11652-11659. [PMID: 28937218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is capable of interfering with Fe hydrolysis and influencing the size, morphology, and identity of Fe precipitates. Conversely, Ca2+ raises surface potential and increases the size and aggregation of Fe precipitates, leading to more effective coagulation and widening the pH range of water treatment. Experiments and modeling were conducted to investigate the significance of the Fe/NOM ratio and the presence of Ca2+ in coagulation. At the high Fe/NOM ratio, sufficient or excess Fe was available for NOM removal, and coagulation proceeded according to expectations based upon the literature. At the low Fe/NOM ratio, however, NOM inhibited Fe hydrolysis, reduced zeta potential, and suppressed the formation of filterable Fe flocs, thereby interfering with NOM removal. In these dose-limited systems without Ca2+, complexation of Fe species by NOM appears to be the mechanism by which coagulation is disrupted. Equilibrating NOM with 1 mM Ca2+ in dose-limited systems prior to dosing with FeCl3 increased Fe hydrolysis and zeta potential, decreased the fraction of colloidal Fe, and improved NOM removal. In systems with Ca2+, data and modeling indicate that Ca2+ complexation by NOM neutralizes some of the negative organic charge and minimizes Fe complexation, making Fe species available for hydrolysis and effective coagulation. This finding represents an important advance in understanding not only how Ca2+ may improve coagulation outcomes, but also in predicting the conditions under which Ca2+ may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , 407 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marc Edwards
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , 407 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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21
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Vera M, Cruz S, Boleda MR, Mesa J, Martín-Alonso J, Casas S, Gibert O, Cortina JL. Fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis as a dissolved organic monitoring tool to assess treatment performance in drinking water trains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1212-1220. [PMID: 28169026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy was used to evaluate its applicability as a tool to track dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) that incorporates a conventional line (consisting in ozonation and GAC filtration) and a membrane-based line (consisting in ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and mineralization) working in parallel. Seven sampling points within the different process stages were characterized monthly during 2014. A global Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was used to pull out underlying organic fractions from the fluorescence spectra. Accordingly a five components model was selected to describe the system and the pros and cons of the model were discussed by analysis of the residuals. Among the five fluorescent components, those associated to humic-like matter (C1, C3 and C4) showed a similar season variability in the river water feeding the DWTP (which resembled that of UV254 and TOC), whereas the two components associated to protein-like matter (C2 and C5) exhibited a different behavior. The maximum fluorescence intensity values (Fmax) were used to quantify DOM removals across the plant. Compared to the conventional line, water from the UF/RO membrane-based line showed between 6 and 14 times lower fluorescence intensity signal for the humic-like components and between 1 and 3 for the protein-like components as compared to the conventional line. The differences in DOM composition due to seasonal variations and along the treatment trains point out the suitability of using fluorescence measurements over other parameters such as UV254 as a monitoring tool to help optimize operation conditions of each treatment stage and improve produced water quality in a DWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vera
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, Gral. Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Cruz
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, Gral. Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M R Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, Gral. Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Mesa
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, Gral. Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Martín-Alonso
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, Gral. Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Casas
- CETAQUA, Water Technology Center, Ctra. d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - O Gibert
- Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CETAQUA, Water Technology Center, Ctra. d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CETAQUA, Water Technology Center, Ctra. d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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22
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Vadasarukkai YS, Gagnon GA. Influence of the Mixing Energy Consumption Affecting Coagulation and Floc Aggregation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3480-3489. [PMID: 28206742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The operational significance of energy-intensive rapid mixing processes remains unaddressed in coagulation and flocculation of insoluble precipitates (flocs), which play an important role in the removal of impurities from drinking water supplies. In this study, the influence of rapid mixing and associated mixing energy on floc aggregation was examined for a surface water source characterized by a high fraction of aquatic humic matter. Infrared spectral analyses showed that the colloidal complexes resulting from ligand exchange between iron and dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) were not substantially influenced by the mixing energy input. This signified that DOM removal by coagulation can be achieved at lower mixing intensity, thereby reducing energy consumption. In contrast, macroscopic investigations showed the coagulation mixing energy affected floc size distributions during the slow mixing stage in flocculation and, to some extent, their settling characteristics. The results from analysis of floc properties clearly showed that more mixing energy was expended than necessary in coagulation, which is typically designed at a high mixing intensity range of 600-1000 s-1 in treatment plants. The key findings from this study have practical implications to water utilities to strategically meet water quality goals while reducing energy demands.
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23
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Li N, Sheng GP, Lu YZ, Zeng RJ, Yu HQ. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treatment plant effluent by coagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:204-212. [PMID: 28088717 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, have become a threat to human health. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants is a significant point source of ARGs released into the environment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of coagulation technology in the removal of ARGs from treated wastewater. Specifically, we measured the removal of five ARGs (two sulfonamide resistance genes, sulI and sulII, and three tetracycline resistance genes, tetO, tetW and tetQ) and the class 1 integron intI1 gene via the application of two coagulants: FeCl3 and polyferric chloride (PFC). Moreover, the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH3N and total phosphorus (TP) in the coagulation process was investigated. The coagulation process effectively removed ARGs from the effluent with 0.5-log to 3.1-log reductions. Significant removal correlations were observed between dissolved NH3N and DOC, intI1 and sulI, sulII and tetO, sulII and tetW, and tetO and tetW, implying that the co-removal of DOC, dissolved NH3N, the intI1 gene and different ARGs played an important role in ARG loss during coagulation with Fe-based coagulants. These results indicate that coagulation may play a promising role in ARG reduction in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yong-Ze Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Raymond J Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Chen KY, Chen TY, Chan YT, Cheng CY, Tzou YM, Liu YT, Teah HY. Stabilization of Natural Organic Matter by Short-Range-Order Iron Hydroxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12612-12620. [PMID: 27782386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is capable of modifying the surfaces of soil minerals (e.g., Fe hydroxides) or even forming stable co-precipitates with Fe(III) in a neutral environment. The DOM/Fe co-precipitation may alter biogeochemical carbon cycling in soils if the relatively mobile DOM is sorbed by soil minerals against leaching, runoff, and biodegradation. In this study, we aimed to determine the structural development of DOM/Fe co-precipitates in relation to changes in pH and C/(C + Fe) ratios using XRD, XPS, Fe K-edge XAS, FTIR, and C-NEXAFS techniques. The results showed that in the system with bulk C/(C + Fe) molar ratios ≤0.65, the ferrihydrite-like Fe domains were precipitated as the core and covered by the C shells. When the C/(C + Fe) molar ratio ranged between 0.71 and 0.89, the emerging Fe-C bonding suggested a more substantial association between Fe domains including edge- and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra and DOM. With C/(C + Fe) bulk molar ratios ≥0.92, only corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra along with Fe-C bonding were found. The homogeneously distributed C and Fe domains caused the enhancement of Fe and C solubilization from co-precipitates. The C/(C + Fe) ratios dominated structural compositions and stabilities of C/Fe co-precipitates and may directly affect the Fe and C cycles in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Chen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsan-Yao Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Sciences, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Ting Chan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Yun Cheng
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Heng-Yi Teah
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 332 Building of Environmental Studies, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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Sieliechi J, Lartiges B, Skali-Lami S, Kayem J, Kamga R. Floc compaction during ballasted aggregation. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:361-369. [PMID: 27643750 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ballasted aggregation, a process using the addition of a ballasting agent to improve the settling performance of flocs, appears particularly appropriate for the treatment of humic rich waters that leads to low-density aggregates. In that context, using an aquagenic humic acid coagulated by ferric chloride in the presence of pozzolana particles as ballasting agent, we show that the origin of improved floc settling in ballasted aggregation is not simply related to an increased specific weight of flocs, but also to a significant restructuring of flocs to a more compact structure induced by the added particles. The floc restructuring is evidenced from the increased lag time before measurable floc growth in the presence of the ballasting agent, the higher fractal dimension of flocs above the micron scale range after incorporation of the particles into the aggregates, and a much smaller sediment volume after settling. A simple model of floc compaction based on the turbulent viscous effects that act on an elastic floc, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sieliechi
- ENSAIT-IUT, University of Ngaoudere, P.O. Box 455, Cameroon.
| | - B Lartiges
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Geosciences Environment Toulouse, UMR CNRS-UPS 5563, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - S Skali-Lami
- University of Lorraine, LEMTA-ENSEM/INPL-CNRS, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 160, 54504, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - J Kayem
- ENSAIT-IUT, University of Ngaoudere, P.O. Box 455, Cameroon
| | - R Kamga
- ENSAIT-IUT, University of Ngaoudere, P.O. Box 455, Cameroon
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Gar Alalm M, Nasr M, Ookawara S. Assessment of a novel spiral hydraulic flocculation/sedimentation system by CFD simulation, fuzzy inference system, and response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shirshin EA, Budylin GS, Grechischeva NY, Fadeev VV, Perminova IV. Experimental evidence of incomplete fluorescence quenching of pyrene bound to humic substances: implications for Koc measurements. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:889-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence quenching (FQ) is extensively used for quantitative assessment of partition coefficients (KOC) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to natural organic materials – humic substances (HS).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Shirshin
- Department of Physics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - G. S. Budylin
- Department of Physics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - N. Yu. Grechischeva
- Russian State University for Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkin
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - V. V. Fadeev
- Department of Physics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - I. V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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29
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Vadasarukkai YS, Gagnon GA. Application of low-mixing energy input for the coagulation process. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 84:333-341. [PMID: 26275637 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-mixing tanks with mechanical mixers are a common design used in treatment plants. Yet, the role of such rapid-mixing systems on the effectiveness of the coagulation performance is unclear. This study looked at optimizing the direct energy used in the coagulation process for removal of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). The role of coagulation mixing intensity (G-value) on total organic carbon (TOC) and turbidity removal was examined for the water types with high organic content, with a specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) of at least 2-2.5 units of m(-1) of absorbance per mg/L. A standard jar test using ferric sulfate coagulant was performed to optimize the chemical condition in coagulation for removal of dissolved organics as well as particles. The jar test analysis at an acidic pH (4.5 ± 0.3) required an iron dose <0.3 mM to arrive at an optimal coagulant concentration and resulted in above 75% of TOC removal. The influence of coagulation mixing on TOC and turbidity removal was evaluated at G varying from 0 to 1500 s(-1) at the optimized coagulant dose and pH conditions for enhanced coagulation. In this study, a combined effective removal of TOC and turbidity was achieved at a low-mixing intensity range of 110 s(-1) < G < 450 s(-1). Coagulation operated at G greater than 450 s(-1) showed negligible improvement in TOC removal. Minimizing energy consumption in enhanced coagulation is feasible at the proposed mixing intensity range (i.e., 110 s(-1) < G < 450 s(-1)), without sacrificing the effectiveness of DOM removal by coagulation. These findings represent an opportunity for energy savings for the water industry without sacrificing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna S Vadasarukkai
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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30
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Ang W, Mohammad A, Teow Y, Benamor A, Hilal N. Hybrid chitosan/FeCl3 coagulation–membrane processes: Performance evaluation and membrane fouling study in removing natural organic matter. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Yen HY, Yen LS. Reducing THMFP by H2O2/UV oxidation for humic acid of small molecular weight. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:417-423. [PMID: 25518984 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.951075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the merits of using H2O2/UV oxidation for reducing trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), colour, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of smaller molecular humic acid were investigated, especially the energy consumption based on EEO. The results show that THMFP decreases by increasing oxidation time, H2O2 dose and UV intensity. The reaction constant in descending order is kColour>kDOC>kTHMFP. Furthermore, EEO shows three trends. First, it decreases as H2O2 dose increases. That is, by increasing the amount of H2O2 dose, the electrical energy efficiency becomes better. Second, EEO,9 W>EEO,13 W, implying that higher UV power would result in a higher electrical energy efficiency. Third, EEO,THMFP>EEO,DOC>EEO,colour. That is, the electric energy efficiency is the best for colour removal, second for DOC removal, and third for THMFP reduction. The operation costs for 90% removal of colour, DOC, and THMFP are from 0.31 to 0.69, from 0.78 to 1.72, and from 1.11 to 2.29 US$/m3, respectively. However, reducing THMs to Taiwan's drinking water standard of 80 µg/L needs only 0.25-0.60 US$/m3. Therefore, the condition with UV of 9 W, H2O2 of 50 mg/L, and oxidation time of 23 min can be applied for THMs reduction as the cost is the smallest of 0.25 US$/m3, even lower than current Taiwan's drinking water price of 0.3 US$/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing Yuan Yen
- a Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department , Kao Yuan University , Lujhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151 , Taiwan, Republic of China
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32
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Lin JL, Huang C, Dempsey B, Hu JY. Fate of hydrolyzed Al species in humic acid coagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:314-324. [PMID: 24704984 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of Al-based coagulants in acidic conditions is necessary for the removal of organic matter by the coagulation/sedimentation process. However, interactions between hydrolyzed Al species and organic matter are complicated and this makes it difficult to optimize coagulant dosing for organics removal. The goal of this study was to investigate the reactions of hydrolyzed Al species in the coagulation of organic matter. Two polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants, a commercial product with sulfate (PACl-C) and lab-prepared material (PACl-Al13) containing 7% and 96% of total Al as Al13, respectively, have been applied to investigate the coagulation of humic acid (HA). At pH 6, a lower dosage of PACl-Al13 than of PACl-C was required for optimized HA removal through coagulation/sedimentation due to the strong complexation and charge neutralization by Al13. Observation of the coagulation process using wet scanning electron microscopy showed that PACl-C produced both clustered flocs and linear precipitates in the presence of sulfate while PACl-Al13 produced curled precipitates due to the formation of intermolecular complex, when both coagulants were added at the optimum doses. Investigation of Al-HA floc by (27)Al-NMR and Al 2p XPS suggested that monomeric Al (Alm) was hydrolyzed into Al(OH)3 with tetrahedron for PACl-C coagulation while a half of Al13 slowly decomposed into octahedral Al-HA precipitates for PACl-Al13 coagulation. Meanwhile, C ls XPS indicated that aromatic CC of HA was preferentially removed from solution to Al-HA flocs for both PACl-C and PACl-Al13 coagulation. It was concluded that Al-HA complexation strongly affects the reaction pathways for Al hydrolysis and the final nature of the precipitates during PACl coagulation of HA and that the hydrolysis products are also strongly affected by the characteristics of the PACl coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Lin Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chihpin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Brian Dempsey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jing-Yi Hu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Angelico R, Ceglie A, He JZ, Liu YR, Palumbo G, Colombo C. Particle size, charge and colloidal stability of humic acids coprecipitated with Ferrihydrite. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:239-47. [PMID: 24315181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HA) have a colloidal character whose size and negative charge are strictly dependent on surface functional groups. They are able to complex large amount of poorly ordered iron (hydr)oxides in soil as a function of pH and other environmental conditions. Accordingly, with the present study we intend to assess the colloidal properties of Fe(II) coprecipitated with humic acids (HA) and their effect on Fe hydroxide crystallinity under abiotic oxidation and order of addition of both Fe(II) and HA. TEM, XRD and DRS experiments showed that Fe-HA consisted of Ferrihydrite with important structural variations. DLS data of Fe-HA at acidic pH showed a bimodal size distribution, while at very low pH a slow aggregation process was observed. Electrophoretic zeta-potential measurements revealed a negative surface charge for Fe-HA macromolecules, providing a strong electrostatic barrier against aggregation. Under alkaline conditions HA chains swelled, which resulted in an enhanced stabilization of the colloid particles. The increasing of zeta potential and size of the Fe-HA macromolecules, reflects a linear dependence of both with pH. The increase in the size and negative charge of the Fe-HA precipitate seems to be more affected by the ionization of the phenolic acid groups, than by the carboxylic acid groups. The main cause of negative charge generation of Fe/HA is due to increased dissociation of phenolic groups in more expanded structure. The increased net negative surface potential induced by coprecipitation with Ferrihydrite and the correspondent changes in configuration of the HA could trigger the inter-particle aggregation with the formation of new negative surface. The Fe-HA coprecipitation can reduce electrosteric repulsive forces, which in turn may inhibit the aggregation process at different pH. Therefore, coprecipitation of Ferrihydrite would be expected to play an important role in the carbon stabilization and persistence not only in organic soils, but also in waters containing dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Angelico
- University of Molise, Dept. Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DIAAA, v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy; Consorzio per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceglie
- University of Molise, Dept. Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DIAAA, v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy; Consorzio per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- University of Molise, Dept. Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DIAAA, v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy
| | - Claudio Colombo
- University of Molise, Dept. Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DIAAA, v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy.
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Chalmin E, Perrette Y, Fanget B, Susini J. Investigation of organic matter entrapped in synthetic carbonates--a multimethod approach. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:132-144. [PMID: 23257196 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612013773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) entrapped in calcite is regularly used for environmental studies; however, insertion mechanisms and types of interaction remain poorly understood. The present study used a new methodology to investigate interactions between OM and the calcite matrix during crystallization processes with humic acid (HA) entrapment. A multimethod approach confirmed that HA is both adsorbed onto the calcite surface and incorporated into the calcite lattice during crystallization. Our results also confirm the log-linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and calcite matrix HA concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that HA in colloidal conformation is adsorbed onto the calcite surface as a result of the structure of the OH stretching band. We also developed a new method based on synchrotron analysis that uses sulfur as a tracer element for entrapped HA and that localizes the OM electrostatically adsorbed onto the calcite surface. Changes in the sulfur environment, determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, indicated more complex insertion mechanisms than simple adsorption of HA during calcite crystallization. Desorption experiments revealed the stability of the OM atomic structure and its layered nature. These results allowed us to draw up a general model of OM insertion in calcite.
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Byelov DV, Meijer JM, Snigireva I, Snigirev A, Rossi L, van den Pol E, Kuijk A, Philipse A, Imhof A, van Blaaderen A, Vroege GJ, Petukhov AV. In situ hard X-ray microscopy of self-assembly in colloidal suspensions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Rigobello ES, Dantas ADB, Di Bernardo L, Vieira EM. Influence of the apparent molecular size of aquatic humic substances on colour removal by coagulation and filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1767-1777. [PMID: 22439564 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.555423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to verify the influence of the apparent molecular size of aquatic humic substances (AHSs) on the effectiveness of coagulation with aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride. Coagulation-filtration tests using the jar test and bench-scale sand filters were carried out with water samples having a true colour of approximately 100 Hazen units and prepared with AHSs of different molecular sizes. Stability diagrams are presented showing regions of > or = 90% and > or = 95% apparent colour removal delineated for each water sample using plots of total metal ion concentration (Al3+ and Fe3+) versus coagulation pH. To achieve the same degree of colour removal, the water samples with smaller apparent molecular sizes and a higher percentage of fulvic acids required higher dosages of both aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride.
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37
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Effect of polyferric chloride (PFC) doses and pH on the fractal characteristics of PFC–HA flocs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Henneberry YK, Kraus TEC, Fleck JA, Krabbenhoft DP, Bachand PM, Horwath WR. Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:631-637. [PMID: 21075424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface waters is a health concern worldwide. This study assessed the removal potential use of metal-based coagulants as a means to remove both dissolved IHg and MeHg from natural waters and provides information regarding the importance of Hg associations with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction and metal hydroxides. Previous research indicated coagulants were not effective at removing Hg from solution; however these studies used high concentrations of Hg and did not reflect naturally occurring concentrations of Hg. In this study, water collected from an agricultural drain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta was filtered to isolate the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction. The DOM was then treated with a range of coagulant doses to determine the efficacy of removing all forms of Hg from solution. Three industrial-grade coagulants were tested: ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Coagulation removed up to 85% of DOM from solution. In the absence of DOM, all three coagulants released IHg into solution, however in the presence of DOM the coagulants removed up to 97% of IHg and 80% of MeHg. Results suggest that the removal of Hg is mediated by DOM-coagulant interactions. There was a preferential association of IHg with the more aromatic, higher molecular weight fraction of DOM but no such relationship was found for MeHg. This study offers new fundamental insights regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko K Henneberry
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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40
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Matilainen A, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 159:189-97. [PMID: 20633865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is found in all surface, ground and soil waters. An increase in the amount of NOM has been observed over the past 10-20 years in raw water supplies in several areas, which has a significant effect on drinking water treatment. The presence of NOM causes many problems in drinking water and drinking water treatment processes, including (i) negative effect on water quality by causing colour, taste and odor problems, (ii) increased coagulant and disinfectant doses (which in turn results in increased sludge volumes and production of harmful disinfection by-products), (iii) promoted biological growth in distribution system, and (iv) increased levels of complexed heavy metals and adsorbed organic pollutants. NOM can be removed from drinking water by several treatment options, of which the most common and economically feasible processes are considered to be coagulation and flocculation followed by sedimentation/flotation and sand filtration. Most of the NOM can be removed by coagulation, although, the hydrophobic fraction and high molar mass compounds of NOM are removed more efficiently than hydrophilic fraction and the low molar mass compounds. Thus, enhanced and/or optimized coagulation, as well as new process alternatives for the better removal of NOM by coagulation process has been suggested. In the present work, an overview of the recent research dealing with coagulation and flocculation in the removal of NOM from drinking water is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Matilainen
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland
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Frochot C, Mascherin M, Haumont A, Viriot ML, Marie E. Fluorescence spectroscopy as a non invasive tool to follow in situ the polymerization in miniemulsion. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Jung AV, Frochot C, Villieras F, Lartiges BS, Parant S, Viriot ML, Bersillon JL. Interaction of pyrene fluoroprobe with natural and synthetic humic substances: Examining the local molecular organization from photophysical and interfacial processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:228-234. [PMID: 20451951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The direct and indirect interaction mechanisms of pyrene with: (i) various molecular weight fractions of a synthetic humic-like substance (SyHA) and (ii) extracts of natural humic acids (NHA) from Moselle River suspended matter were investigated using quenching fluorescence and surface tension measurements. Humic materials were characterized in a previous study. The Stern-Volmer associative constants were determined from the quenching technique. Surface tension measurements revealed an increase in surface activity as a function of concentration for each humic fraction independently of the pyrene presence in solution, even during the formation of humic micelles. The results obtained suggest the possibility of specific intermolecular interactions occurring during pyrene entrapment within humic acids. In addition, we show that molecular weight, aliphatic chains (especially those containing nitrogen groups) and number of acidic groups are determinant characteristics for pollutant entrapment capacity at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-V Jung
- Ecole des Métiers de l'Environnement, Campus de Ker Lann, Avenue Schuman, Bruz, France.
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43
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Pallier V, Feuillade-Cathalifaud G, Serpaud B, Bollinger JC. Effect of organic matter on arsenic removal during coagulation/flocculation treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 342:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Characteristics of BPA removal from water by PACl-Al13 in coagulation process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:408-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Coagulation characteristics of polyaluminum chlorides PAC-Al30 on humic acid removal from water. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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