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Yoon Y, Seo YS, Cho M. Assessment of elimination efficacy on foodborne pathogenic microbes and foulant precipitates using phytic acid and sulfamic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142706. [PMID: 38936490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the comparative efficacy of sulfamic acid (SA) and phytic acid (PA), both individually and in combination, for treating potential foodborne pathogens and pre-formed foulants. Pathogens studied included Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli DH5α, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and vegetative Bacillus cereus, in suspended aqueous solutions, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces. Inactivation kinetics for Listeria monocytogenes revealed concentration-dependent rate constants (k) of 6.6(±0.2) × 10-6 M and 2.8(±0.1) × 10-8 M for single treatments of SA and PA, respectively, and ranged from 6.9(±0.3) to 50.7(±2.3) × 10-6 M for combined treatments with PA pre-treatment concentrations of 75-758 μM. Observable cellular abnormalities in Listeria monocytogenes, such as membrane vesiculation, chelation, cellular disruption, biomolecule leakage, and lipid peroxidation, were identified after exposure to PA or SA, either individually or in combination. The optimized combined treatment of PA and SA achieved significant removal (i.e., >3-log; 99.9%) of potential foodborne pathogens under simulated food-washing process conditions. Additionally, over 90% descaling efficacy was observed for pre-formed foulants such as CaCO3 precipitates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces with the combined treatment. These findings provide novel insights into the versatile utility of PA and SA for optimizing combinational water disinfection systems and addressing (in)organic foulant scaling on surfaces in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- GwangJu Institute, 55, Jingoksandanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62465, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- R&D Center, Sanigen Co, Ltd., Iksan, 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Xu S, Wang P, Xie L, Du Y, Zhang W. Reverse Osmosis with Intermediate Chemical Demineralization: Scale Inhibitor Selection, Degradation, and Seeded Precipitation. Molecules 2024; 29:2163. [PMID: 38792025 PMCID: PMC11124285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) processes with intermediate concentrate demineralization (ICD) provide an efficient strategy to treat brines with high CaSO4 contents and reduce concentrate discharge. In this paper, an SRO concentrate is treated using ICD to remove CaSO4 and then mixed with a PRO concentrate for further desalination in SRO, thereby reducing the discharge of the concentrate. We investigate the selection and degradation of scale inhibitors, as well as seeded precipitation in the two-stage RO process with ICD, to achieve a high water recovery rate. A scale inhibitor is added to restrain CaSO4 crystallization on the membrane surface, and the optimized scale inhibitor, RO-400, is found to inhibit calcium sulfate scaling effectively across a wide range of the saturation index of gypsum (SIg) from 2.3 to 6. Under the optimized parameters of 40 W UV light and 70 mg/L H2O2, UV/H2O2 can degrade RO-400 completely in 15 min to destroy the scale inhibitor in the SRO concentrate. After scale inhibitor degradation, the SRO concentrate is desaturated by seeded precipitation, and the reaction degree of CaSO4 reaches 97.12%, leading to a concentrate with a low SIg (1.07) for cyclic desalination. Three UVD-GSP cycle tests show that the reused gypsum seeds can also ensure the effect of the CaSO4 precipitation process. This paper provides a combined UVD-GSP strategy in two-stage RO processes to improve the water recovery rate for CaSO4-contained concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.X.); (P.W.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.X.); (P.W.)
| | - Lixin Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.X.); (P.W.)
| | - Yawei Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.X.); (P.W.)
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Bai G, Guo M, Mao S, Yin F. Graphene Oxide Inhibits Calcium Carbonate Nucleation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4592-4600. [PMID: 38381623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Formation of minerals such as calcium carbonate often causes energy consumption and even safety risk increase due to the hindrance on heat/mass transfer. However, the current antiscalants are not efficient enough because of the poor understanding of the scale inhibition mechanisms. Here, we report an ultrahigh-performance antiscalant, graphene oxide (GO), which exhibits an outstanding nucleation inhibition effect far better than the current state-of-the-art antiscalants even on a subppm dosage. Our experiments reveal that the superior nucleation inhibition effect of GO is attributed to its limiting effect on the nucleation kinetics of ions and its ability to increase the nucleation barrier of calcium carbonate by altering the normal pathway of calcium carbonate polymorph formation. Further analysis indicates that the ion-limiting effect and the polymorph control ability of GO may stem from its oxygen functional group-rich surface chemistry and two-dimensional (2D) planar features, which endow GO with a Ca2+ binding ability and additional steric hindrance for CO32- diffusion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Mengzi Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Shuaipeng Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Fuxing Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
- Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Li L, Lu J, Pang H, Zhang Z, Yang J, Li P, Yan X, Fan M. New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca 2+/Mg 2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:901-914. [PMID: 36182193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+), preventing the Ca2+ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO32-). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca2+ and magnesium ions (Mg2+). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca2+ and Mg2+, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca2+ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H+) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO3-) from producing CO32- when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Spitsov D, Aung HZ, Pervov A. The Selection of Efficient Antiscalant for RO Facility, Control of Its Quality and Evaluation of the Economical Efficiency of Its Application. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 36676892 PMCID: PMC9867422 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of polymeric inhibitor molecules to calcium carbonate crystal surface was investigated. Inhibiting efficiencies of phosphonic acid-based antiscalants are dependent on the amount of adsorbed material on the growing crystal surface. A strong antiscalant even at a small dose provides the necessary rate of adsorption. Comparison of two phosphonic-based antiscalants was made both in laboratory and industrial conditions. A distinguishing feature of the strong antiscalant is the presence of aminotris (metylene-diphosphonic acid) ATMP. Experimental dependencies of antiscalant adsorption rates on the antiscalant dosage values were determined. Emphasis is given to the use of nanofiltration membranes that possess lower scaling propensities. Modernization is presented to reduce operational costs due to antiscalant and nanofiltration membranes. The main conclusion is that control of scaling should be implemented together with the use of nanofiltration membranes.
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Application of a smart dosing pump algorithm in identifying real-time optimum dose of antiscalant in reverse osmosis systems. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of chemical inhibitors on the scaling behaviors of calcite and the associated surface interaction mechanisms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:507-517. [PMID: 35366478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS It is hypothesized that the performance of a chemical inhibitor to interfere with the precipitation and scaling of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) is achieved through its chelating interaction with calcium ions. The effectiveness of a chemical inhibitor in removing existing scales from the mineral surfaces is proposed to rely on its ability to modify the calcite crystal structures. EXPERIMENTS Bulk scaling tests and dynamic adsorption experiments using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were conducted to systematically investigate the scaling behaviours (i.e., buildup and breakup processes) of calcite crystals, in the absence and presence of chemical inhibitors, that include polyacrylic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid). Scanning electron microscope imaging and thermodynamic characterization using isothermal titration calorimetry were further applied to reveal the surface interactions that contributed to the differences among the effects of the four additives. FINDINGS The results indicate that sodium hexametaphosphate is most efficient in alleviating the amount of CaCO3 deposited by reducing the concentration of free Ca2+, and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) shows an outstanding ability to clean the mineral surface by destroying the ordered crystal layers of the scales so that they can be washed away with water. This work provides useful insights into the fundamental interactions of chemical inhibitors and calcite, with implications for the development of effective chemical solutions for anti-scaling and descaling applications.
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Foulant Identification and Performance Evaluation of Antiscalants in Increasing the Recovery of a Reverse Osmosis System Treating Anaerobic Groundwater. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030290. [PMID: 35323764 PMCID: PMC8950045 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to assess the performance of antiscalants in increasing the recovery (≥85%) of a reverse osmosis (RO) plant treating anaerobic groundwater (GW) in Kamerik (the Netherlands), and to identify scalants/foulant that may limit RO recovery. Five different commercially available antiscalants were compared on the basis of their manufacturer-recommended dose. Their ability to increase the recovery from 80% to a target of 85% was evaluated in pilot-scale measurements with anaerobic GW and in once-through lab-scale RO tests with synthetic (artificial) feedwater. A membrane autopsy was performed on the tail element(s) with decreased permeability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that calcium phosphate was the primary scalant causing permeability decline at 85% recovery and limiting RO recovery. The addition of antiscalant had no positive effect on RO operation and scaling prevention, since at 85% recovery, permeability of the last stage decreased with all five antiscalants, while no decrease in permeability was observed without the addition of antiscalant at 80% recovery. In addition, in lab-scale RO tests executed with synthetic feed water containing identical calcium and phosphate concentrations as the anaerobic GW, calcium phosphate scaling occurred both with and without antiscalant at 85% recovery, while at 80% recovery without antiscalant, calcium phosphate did not precipitate in the RO element. In brief, calcium phosphate appeared to be the main scalant limiting RO recovery, and antiscalants were unable to prevent calcium phosphate scaling or to achieve a recovery of 85% or higher.
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Hu Y, Chen C, Liu S. State of art bio-materials as scale inhibitors in recirculating cooling water system: a review article. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1500-1521. [PMID: 35290228 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the operation of the circulating cooling water system, inorganic scale deposition may cause technical problems, such as reduction of heat transfer efficiency in cooling systems and obstruction of pipes. In the industry, chemicals are often used as scale inhibitors in scale deposition control, antiscalants popular in industry are generally phosphorus and nitrogen-containing chemicals, which may lead to eutrophication. However, increasing environmental concern and discharge limitations have guided antiscalants to move toward biodegradability, nontoxicity and cost-effectiveness. This paper reviews current research on the application of using bio-materials as scale inhibitors, including proteins and amino acids, polysaccharides, plant extracts, microbial reagents, and microbiological products. The non-bioaccumulation, low cost, readily biodegradability and sustainably available characters promote the development of green-scale inhibitor chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Hu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China E-mail: ; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chuanmin Chen
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China E-mail: ; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China E-mail: ; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Zhang SR, Cai SK, Wang GQ, Cui JZ, Gao CZ. One-step synthesis of N, P-doped carbon quantum dots for selective and sensitive detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and scale inhibition. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Courtney C, Randall DG. Precipitation to remove calcium ions from stabilized human urine as a pre-treatment for reverse osmosis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3755-3768. [PMID: 34928841 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of Ca(OH)2 stabilized urine by reverse osmosis (RO) has the potential to cause CaCO3 scaling on the membranes. The aim of this research was to determine whether the addition of carbonate salts could be used to precipitate CaCO3 prior to RO concentration and how to accurately dose the salts. Dosing of NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 reduced the calcium concentration to <0.18 mmol L-1, whilst maintaining a pH > 11. This is the pH threshold for enzymatic urea hydrolysis in urine, but above the operating pH range of most membranes. However, the pH could be decreased by adding an acid. Measuring conductivity as a proxy for the calcium concentration was found to be an effective method to determine the dose of salt required. Simulations with other carbonate-producing salts (KHCO3, MgCO3, and NH4HCO3) were also shown to be effective. However, NH4HCO3 ($0.53 m-3 urine) was the only other salt comparable in cost to NaHCO3 ($0.49 m-3 urine) and resulted in a final pH within the normal operating range of membranes. The addition of NH4HCO3 would add extra N to the urine rather than sodium ions when dosing NaHCO3. The choice of salt will ultimately depend on what liquid fertilizer composition is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Courtney
- Civil Engineering Department & Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Dyllon G Randall
- Civil Engineering Department & Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa E-mail:
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Ansari A, Peña-Bahamonde J, Wang M, Shaffer DL, Hu Y, Rodrigues DF. Polyacrylic acid-brushes tethered to graphene oxide membrane coating for scaling and biofouling mitigation on reverse osmosis membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Zhang K, Chen F, Han J, Tian T, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Chen J. Evaluation of Arginine‐Modified Polyepoxysuccinic Acid as Anti‐scaling and Anti‐corrosion Agent. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunfei Zhang
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Fengjiang Chen
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Jian Han
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Tian Tian
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Yunhan Jin
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Zhixuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Hebei University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology 300130 Tianjin China
- Hebei University of Technology National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization 300130 Tianjin China
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Mangal MN, Salinas-Rodriguez SG, Dusseldorp J, Kemperman AJ, Schippers JC, Kennedy MD, van der Meer WG. Effectiveness of antiscalants in preventing calcium phosphate scaling in reverse osmosis applications. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Drenkova-Tuhtan A, Sheeleigh EK, Rott E, Meyer C, Sedlak DL. Sorption of recalcitrant phosphonates in reverse osmosis concentrates and wastewater effluents - influence of metal ions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:934-947. [PMID: 33617499 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic microparticles functionalized with tailored ZnFeZr oxyhydroxide adsorbent were used for the reversible sorption of orthophosphate and recalcitrant organo-phosphonates from wastewater. The loaded particles were harvested magnetically from water, regenerated in an alkaline solution and reused numerous times. The applicability of the technology to treat brackish water reverse osmosis concentrates was tested under controlled synthetic conditions by investigating the influence of typical metals (Ca2+, Pb2+, Cu2+) on the removal of common phosphonates (HEDP, NTMP, EDTMP), and vice versa. When present at equimolar concentrations, metal cations enhanced the adsorption of phosphonates and were co-adsorbed at pH 4.0-4.5 (with removals of 83-93% for Pb2+ and 53-73% for Cu2+), likely through ternary complex formation. In the absence of metals, at pH > pHPZC ∼ 7 (the material point of zero charge), a drop in adsorption efficiency was observed for orthophosphate and all phosphonates. Thus, at pH 7, an increased adsorbent dose (>0.1 g/L) was necessary to remove 1 mg/L NTMP-P in 30 min. The reusability and effluent polishing potential of the ZnFeZr particles was demonstrated in a pilot test with municipal wastewater throughout 55 adsorption/desorption cycles without any drop in performance. Consistent removal of the non-reactive phosphorus species to ultra-low concentrations (<0.05 mg/L Ptot) and complete orthophosphate elimination (<0.005 mg/L PO4-P) was maintained under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany E-mail: ; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB/KBFI), Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Emily K Sheeleigh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eduard Rott
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany E-mail:
| | - Carsten Meyer
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany E-mail:
| | - David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Yu W, Song D, Chen W, Yang H. Antiscalants in RO membrane scaling control. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:115985. [PMID: 32619802 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) plays an important role in freshwater production. Mineral scaling is an inevitable problem in the RO desalination process. Various methods, including the pretreatment of feed water, the optimization of operational processes, the development of novel membrane materials, and the addition of antiscalants, have been developed to mitigate scale formation in RO systems. Among these methods, the addition of antiscalants is a relatively cost-effective and convenient technique for membrane scaling control. In the current work, various kinds of antiscalants, scale inhibition mechanisms, and their applications to RO membrane scaling control are reviewed. Weakness of existing antiscalants and challenge arising from their practical applications, such as membrane fouling caused by antiscalants, increased bacterial growth, dosing control, and the disposal of resultant concentrates, are also presented. To effectively alleviate scaling on RO membrane by using antiscalants, the development of novel, high-performance, and environment-friendly antiscalants on the basis of an in-depth study of the inhibition mechanisms and well-established structure-activity relationships is urgently necessary. The optimization of antiscalants and their combinations with other pretreatments in practical RO operations are essential in efficient scaling control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Di Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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17
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Spatial variation of fouling behavior in high recovery nanofiltration for industrial reverse osmosis brine treatment towards zero liquid discharge. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Ansari A, Peña-Bahamonde J, Fanourakis SK, Hu Y, Rodrigues DF. Microbially-induced mineral scaling in desalination conditions: Mechanisms and effects of commercial antiscalants. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115863. [PMID: 32402860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is promising in the sustainable production of fresh water. However, expansion of RO use has been hindered by membrane fouling, mainly inorganic fouling known as scaling. Although membrane mineral scaling by chemical means have been investigated extensively, mineral scaling triggered by microbial activity has been largely neglected. In this study, the simultaneous biomineralization of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in the presence of three different microbial communities from fresh water, wastewater, and seawater was investigated. In the presence of either 13 or 79 mM of Ca2+ and SO42- in the media, the fresh water microbial community produced calcite/vaterite and vaterite/gypsum, respectively; the wastewater community produced vaterite and vaterite/gypsum, respectively; and the seawater community produced aragonite in both conditions. The results showed that the concentration of salts and the microbial composition influence the types of precipitates produced. The mechanisms of crystal formation of CaCO3 and gypsum by these communities were also investigated by determining the need for metabolic active cells, the effect of a calcium channel blocker, and the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The results showed that metabolically active cells can lead to production of EPS and formation of Ca2+ gradient along the cells through calcium channels, which will trigger formation of biominerals. The prevention of biomineralization by these consortia was also investigated with two common polymeric RO antiscalants, i.e. polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polymaleic acid (PMA). Results showed that these antiscalants do not prevent the formation of the bio-precipitates suggesting that novel approaches to prevent biomineralization in RO systems still needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Janire Peña-Bahamonde
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Sofia K Fanourakis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Yandi Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Debora F Rodrigues
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
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19
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Lee HJ, Halali MA, Baker T, Sarathy S, de Lannoy CF. A comparative study of RO membrane scale inhibitors in wastewater reclamation: Antiscalants versus pH adjustment. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Rioyo J, Aravinthan V, Bundschuh J. The effect of ‘High-pH pretreatment’ on RO concentrate minimization in a groundwater desalination facility using batch air gap membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Guo X, Bai Y, Sun X. Effective removal of calcium and magnesium sulfates from wastewater in the rare earth industry. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33922-33930. [PMID: 35528910 PMCID: PMC9073705 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater discharged from the rare earth (RE) industry generally contains a high level of calcium and magnesium sulfates, which confers permanent hardness and causes difficulties in recycling this wastewater. In this study, the alkyl phenoxy acetic acid derivatives including 4-methyl phenoxy acetic acid (M-POAA), 4-tert-butyl phenoxy acetic acid (B-POAA) and 4-tert-octyl phenoxy acetic acid (O-POAA), were synthesized via the Williamson reaction and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Synthesis of the POAAs were simple and green, and the raw materials used for their production are widely available and low-cost. The potential for removal of Ca and Mg sulfates from industrial wastewater using POAAs as the organic precipitants was assessed. The total precipitation efficiencies of Ca and Mg from wastewater with the use of POAAs increased with the following order: M-POAA < B-POAA < O-POAA. The residual concentrations of Ca and Mg using O-POAA as the precipitant were lower than 0.099 and 0.089 g L-1, respectively. The O-POAA could be regenerated five times without any significant change in its structure and precipitation performance. Thus, the use of the novel precipitants is a prospective alternative to the conventional processes for softening wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
| | - Xiangguang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
| | - Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
- Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co.,Ltd. Ganzhou 341000 China
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22
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Zhu X, Jassby D. Electroactive Membranes for Water Treatment: Enhanced Treatment Functionalities, Energy Considerations, and Future Challenges. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1177-1186. [PMID: 31032611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for water, potable water providers are turning toward unconventional waters, such as seawater and wastewater. These highly saline and/or heavily contaminated water sources are difficult to treat, demanding the use of advanced technology not typically used to treat conventional water sources such as river water or fresh groundwater. Of these advanced technologies, membrane separation processes are fast becoming the most widely used methods to convert these marginal waters into useful resources. The main factors contributing to the widespread adoption of membrane separation processes for water treatment include their modular nature, small physical footprint, and relative energy efficiency compared to traditional distillation processes. In addition, membranes present a physical barrier to pathogens, which is an attractive feature in terms of disinfection credits. However, traditional membrane materials suffer from several distinct drawbacks, which include membrane fouling (the accumulation of material on the membrane surface that blocks the flow of water), the need for high-pressure membranes (such as reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF)) or membrane/thermal processes (e.g., membrane distillation (MD)) to remove small contaminant compounds (e.g., trace metals, salt, endocrine disrupting compounds), and a pressure-driven membrane's inability to effectively remove small, uncharged molecules (e.g., N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), phenol, acetone, and boron). Electrically driven physical and chemical phenomena, such as electrophoresis, electrostatic repulsion, dielectrophoresis, and electricity-driven redox reactions, have long been coupled to membrane-based separation processes, in a process known as electrofiltration. However, it is only in recent years that appropriate membrane materials (i.e., electrically conducting membranes (EMs)) have been developed that enable the efficient use of these electro-driven processes. Specifically, the development of EM materials (both polymeric and inorganic) have reduced the energy consumption of electrofiltration by using the membrane as an electrode in an electrochemical circuit. In essence, a membrane-electrode allows for the concentrated delivery of electrical energy directly to the membrane/water interface where the actual separation process takes place. In the past, metal electrodes were placed on either side of the membrane, which resulted in large potentials needed to drive electrochemical/electrokinetic phenomena. The use of a membrane-electrode dramatically reduces the required potentials, which reduces energy consumption and can also eliminate electrocorrosion and the formation of undesirable byproducts. In this Account, we review recent developments in the field of electrofiltration, with a focus on two water treatment applications: desalination and water reuse (wastewater or contaminated groundwater recycling). Specifically, we discuss how EMs can be used to minimize multiple forms of fouling (biofouling, mineral scaling, organic fouling); how electrochemical reactions at the membrane/water interface are used to destroy toxic contaminants, clean a membrane surface, and transform the local pH environment, which enhances the rejection of certain contaminants; how electric fields and electrostatic forces can be used to reorient molecules at the membrane/water interface; and how electrical energy can be transformed into thermal energy to drive separation processes. A special emphasis is placed on explicitly defining the additional energy consumption associated with the electrochemical phenomena, as well as the additional cost associated with fabricating EM materials. In addition, we will discuss current limitations of the electrofiltration process, with particular attention given to the current limitations of membrane materials and the future research needs in the area of membrane materials and module development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Shahid MK, Pyo M, Choi YG. Inorganic fouling control in reverse osmosis wastewater reclamation by purging carbon dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1094-1102. [PMID: 28432627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic fouling on the membrane surface is one of the major prevalent issues affecting the performance and cost of reverse osmosis system. Chemical dosage is a widely adopted method for the inhibition of inorganic scale on the membrane surface. In this study, CO2 was used to control inorganic scale formation on surface of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in wastewater reclamation. The pH of influent could be lowered by purging CO2. It caused an increase in solubility of inorganic salts in water resulting in discharge of principle ions in concentrate stream. A pilot plant study was conducted with four different RO modules including control, with dosage of antiscalant, with purging CO2 and with co-addition of antiscalant and CO2. The effectiveness of CO2 purging was assessed on the basis of operational analysis, in-line analysis and morphological results. Ryznar stability index was used to determine the scaling potential of system. The examined data indicated that CO2 purging was successful to inhibit scale formation on the membrane surface. Moreover, CO2 was found more eco-friendly than antiscalant, as no by-products were generated in concentrate stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Pyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 712-714, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Studies of membrane scaling during water desalination by membrane distillation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Yu W, Wang Y, Li A, Yang H. Evaluation of the structural morphology of starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) on its scale-inhibition efficiency. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:86-95. [PMID: 29778068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of phosphorus-free and biodegradable scale inhibitors has been paid considerable attention. Two series of starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (St-g-PAA) samples with different grafting ratios and grafted-chain distributions, that is, the number and length of grafted PAA chains on the starch backbone, were designed and prepared in this study. Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were used to further characterize the molecular structures of the St-g-PAAs. In addition to dose, the effects of the structural morphologies of St-g-PAA, namely, grafting ratio and grafted-chain distribution, on the scale-inhibition performance against calcium carbonate were investigated systematically. Structural morphology significantly influenced the scale-inhibition performance of St-g-PAA. St-g-PAA with relatively low grafting ratio (≤97%) displayed better scale-inhibition effect than samples with similar grafted-chain distributions. Meanwhile, under the similar grafting ratios, samples with higher number of branched chains with shorter grafted chains displayed better antiscaling performance. Thus, higher scale-inhibition rate and lower corresponding optimal dose were obtained. Different scale-inhibition mechanisms were involved in the effects of the structural morphology. These mechanisms were investigated in detail from the molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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26
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Shahid MK, Choi YG. The comparative study for scale inhibition on surface of RO membranes in wastewater reclamation: CO 2 purging versus three different antiscalants. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Paukert Vankeuren AN, Hakala JA, Jarvis K, Moore JE. Mineral Reactions in Shale Gas Reservoirs: Barite Scale Formation from Reusing Produced Water As Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9391-9402. [PMID: 28723084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing for gas production is now ubiquitous in shale plays, but relatively little is known about shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) reactions within the reservoir. To investigate reactions during the shut-in period of hydraulic fracturing, experiments were conducted flowing different HFFs through fractured Marcellus shale cores at reservoir temperature and pressure (66 °C, 20 MPa) for one week. Results indicate HFFs with hydrochloric acid cause substantial dissolution of carbonate minerals, as expected, increasing effective fracture volume (fracture volume + near-fracture matrix porosity) by 56-65%. HFFs with reused produced water composition cause precipitation of secondary minerals, particularly barite, decreasing effective fracture volume by 1-3%. Barite precipitation occurs despite the presence of antiscalants in experiments with and without shale contact and is driven in part by addition of dissolved sulfate from the decomposition of persulfate breakers in HFF at reservoir conditions. The overall effect of mineral changes on the reservoir has yet to be quantified, but the significant amount of barite scale formed by HFFs with reused produced water composition could reduce effective fracture volume. Further study is required to extrapolate experimental results to reservoir-scale and to explore the effect that mineral changes from HFF interaction with shale might have on gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia N Paukert Vankeuren
- Geology Department, California State University Sacramento , Sacramento, California 95819, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - J Alexandra Hakala
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Karl Jarvis
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Morgantown, West Virginia 26507, United States
- AECOM , Morgantown, West Virginia 26507, United States
| | - Johnathan E Moore
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Morgantown, West Virginia 26507, United States
- AECOM , Morgantown, West Virginia 26507, United States
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28
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Liu G, Xue M, Liu Q, Yang H, Yang J, Zhou Y. Maleic anhydride–allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer as an effective and environmentally benign inhibitor for calcium carbonate in industrial cooling systems. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the control of calcium carbonate scales, a novel environmentally friendly type of scale inhibitor MLn was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqing Liu
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Mengwei Xue
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Qinpu Liu
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
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29
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Ou HH, Chiang Hsieh LH. A synergistic effect of sodium gluconate and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid on the inhibition of CaCO 3 scaling formation. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Al Omari MMH, Rashid IS, Qinna NA, Jaber AM, Badwan AA. Calcium Carbonate. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2016; 41:31-132. [PMID: 26940168 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3 formed by three main elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world (most notably as limestone), and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. CaCO3 exists in different polymorphs, each with specific stability that depends on a diversity of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M H Al Omari
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
| | - I S Rashid
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
| | | | - A M Jaber
- Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - A A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
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31
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Kinetics and thermodynamics of chromate and phosphate uptake by polypyrrole: batch and column studies. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Phosphate Adsorption Removal by Dolomite Mineral. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/853105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of dolomite to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal of phosphate by dolomite was rapid (the removal rate over 95% in 60 min) when the initial phosphate concentration is at the range of 10–50 mg/L. Several kinetic models including intraparticle diffusion model, pseudo-first-order model, Elovich model, and pseudo-second-order model were employed to evaluate the kinetics data of phosphate adsorption onto dolomite and pseudo-second-order model was recommended to describe the adsorption kinetics characteristics. Further analysis of the adsorption kinetics indicated that the phosphate removal process was mainly controlled by chemical bonding or chemisorption. Moreover, both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the experimental data. The results indicated that Langmuir isotherm was more suitable to describe the adsorption characteristics of dolomite. Maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate by dolomite was found to be 4.76 mg phosphorous/g dolomite. Thermodynamic studies showed that phosphate adsorption was exothermic. The study implies that dolomite is an excellent low cost material for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment process.
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Lu J, Liu D, Hao J, Zhang G, Lu B. Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by a nano-structured Fe–Ti bimetal oxide sorbent. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Muryanto S, Bayuseno A, Ma’mun H, Usamah M, Jotho. Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation in Pipes: Effect of Flow Rates, Temperature, and Malic Acid as Additives on the Mass and Morphology of the Scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Al-Roomi YM, Hussain KF. Antiscaling properties of novel maleic-anhydride copolymers prepared via iron (II) - chloride mediated ATRP. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaneez F. Hussain
- Chemical Engineering Department; Kuwait University; 13060 Safat Kuwait
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36
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Tang F, Hu HY, Wu QY, Tang X, Sun YX, Shi XL, Huang JJ. Effects of chemical agent injections on genotoxicity of wastewater in a microfiltration-reverse osmosis membrane process for wastewater reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:231-237. [PMID: 23770616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With combined microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process being widely used in municipal wastewater reclamation, RO concentrate with high level genotoxicity is becoming a potential risk to water environment. In this study, wastewater genotoxicity in a MF-RO process for municipal wastewater reclamation and also the effects of chemical agent injections were evaluated by SOS/umu genotoxicity test. The genotoxicity of RO concentrate ranged 500-559 μg 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide)/L and 12-22 μg 4-NQO/mg DOC, was much higher than that of RO influent. Further research suggested that Kathon biocide was a key chemical agent associated with the genotoxicity increase. Kathon biocide used in RO system was highly genotoxic in vitro and Kathon biocide retained in RO system could contribute to a higher genotoxicity of RO concentrate. Hence, treatments for biocides before discharging are necessary. Chlorination of secondary effluent could significantly decrease the genotoxicity and increasing chlorine dosage could be an efficacious method to decrease the genotoxicity of RO concentrate. According to the result of the experiment, the dosage of chlorine in dual-membrane process could be set to about 2.5 mg Cl₂/L. The effect of antiscalant (2-phosphomobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) was also investigated; it turned out to have no effect on genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR
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McCool BC, Rahardianto A, Cohen Y. Antiscalant removal in accelerated desupersaturation of RO concentrate via chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP). WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:4261-4271. [PMID: 22673342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study was carried out to demonstrate and quantify the feasibility of antiscalant (AS) removal from brackish water RO concentrate of high gypsum scaling propensity via lime treatment prior to seeded gypsum precipitation. Based on studies with model solutions, it was shown that sufficient AS removal (up to ∼90%) from RO concentrate is feasible via a lime treatment step (at a dose significantly lower than that required for conventional lime softening) to enable effective subsequent seeded gypsum precipitation. This two-step chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP) treatment of primary RO concentrate is suitable as an intermediate concentrate demineralization (ICD) stage for high recovery desalting employing secondary RO desalination. Analysis of gypsum precipitation and lime treatment kinetic data suggests that, after adequate CaCO(3) precipitation has been induced for effective AS scavenging, CaSO(4) desupersaturation can be achieved via seeded gypsum precipitation without retardation due to seed poisoning by AS. Also, the lime dose required to prevent seed poisoning during subsequent gypsum desupersaturation via seeded gypsum precipitation can be adequately assessed with a precipitation kinetics model that considers AS seed poisoning based on a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The degree of AS removal after lime treatment increased linearly with the logarithm of the single lime dose additions. Staged lime dosing (i.e., multiple lime additions), however, removed a higher degree of AS relative to an equivalent single lime dose addition since a higher driving force for CaCO(3) precipitation could be maintained over the course of the lime treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C McCool
- Water Technology Research Center, Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
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Hermosilla D, Merayo N, Ordóñez R, Blanco A. Optimization of conventional Fenton and ultraviolet-assisted oxidation processes for the treatment of reverse osmosis retentate from a paper mill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:1236-1243. [PMID: 22244652 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
According to current environmental legislation concerned with water scarcity, paper industry is being forced to adopt a zero liquid effluent policy. In consequence, reverse osmosis (RO) systems are being assessed as the final step of effluent treatment trains aiming to recover final wastewater and reuse it as process water. One of the most important drawbacks of these treatments is the production of a retentated stream, which is usually highly loaded with biorecalcitrant organic matter and inorganics; and this effluent must meet current legislation stringent constraints before being ultimately disposed. The treatment of biorefractory RO retentate from a paper mill by several promising advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) - conventional Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalysis - was optimized considering the effect and interaction of reaction parameters; particularly using response surface methodology (RSM) when appropriate (Fenton processes). The economical cost of these treatments was also comparatively assessed. Photo-Fenton process was able to totally remove the COD of the retentate, and resulted even operatively cheaper at high COD removal levels than conventional Fenton, which achieved an 80% reduction of the COD at best. In addition, although these optimal results were produced at pH=2.8, it was also tested that Fenton processes are able to achieve good COD reduction efficiencies (>60%) without adjusting the initial pH value, provided the natural pH of this wastewater was close to neutral. Finally, although TiO(2)-photocatalysis showed the least efficient and most expensive figures, it improved the biodegradability of the retentate, so its combination with a final biological step almost achieved the total removal of the COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Hermosilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-González A, Urtiaga AM, Ibáñez R, Ortiz I. State of the art and review on the treatment technologies of water reverse osmosis concentrates. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:267-283. [PMID: 22119366 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for fresh water is partially satisfied by desalination plants that increasingly use membrane technologies and among them reverse osmosis to produce purified water. Operating with water recoveries from 35% to 85% RO plants generate huge volumes of concentrates containing all the retained compounds that are commonly discharged to water bodies and constitute a potentially serious threat to marine ecosystems; therefore there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly management options of RO brines. This paper gives an overview on the potential treatments to overcome the environmental problems associated to the direct discharge of RO concentrates. The treatment options have been classified according to the source of RO concentrates and the maturity of the technologies. For the sake of clarity three different sources of RO concentrates are differentiated i) desalination plants, ii) tertiary processes in WWTP, and iii) mining industries. Starting with traditional treatments such as evaporation and crystallization other technologies that have emerged in last years to reduce the volume of the concentrate before disposal and with the objective of achieving zero liquid discharge and recovery of valuable compounds from these effluents are also reviewed. Most of these emerging technologies have been developed at laboratory or pilot plant scale (see Table 1). With regard to RO concentrates from WWTP, the manuscript addresses recent studies that are mainly focused on reducing the organic pollutant load through the application of innovative advanced oxidation technologies. Finally, works that report the treatment of RO concentrates from industrial sources are analyzed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-González
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y QI. ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Antony A, Low JH, Gray S, Childress AE, Le-Clech P, Leslie G. Scale formation and control in high pressure membrane water treatment systems: A review. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Comstock SEH, Boyer TH, Graf KC. Treatment of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis concentrates: comparison of precipitative softening, coagulation, and anion exchange. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:4855-4865. [PMID: 21774956 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Disposal and treatment of concentrate from nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are major challenges to implementing membrane treatment processes. Intermediate treatment of membrane concentrate, between primary and secondary membrane stages, has the potential to increase membrane recovery rates and decrease the volume of concentrate produced. To achieve this, however, there is a need to better understand treatment of membrane concentrate. As a result, this work systematically evaluated lime softening, ferric sulfate coagulation, and magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) as individual, intermediate treatment processes for membrane concentrate. Six membrane concentrates, from NF and RO, with varying concentrations of calcium, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and sulfate were chosen for this study. Maximum removal of calcium was achieved by lime softening, whereas maximum removals of DOM and sulfate were achieved by MIEX. The results of this work show that intermediate treatment of NF/RO concentrate is capable of producing treated concentrate with water quality approximately equal to the initial source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E H Comstock
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
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Effect of antiscalant degradation on salt precipitation and solid/liquid separation of RO concentrate. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boels L, Tervahauta T, Witkamp GJ. Adsorptive removal of nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) antiscalant from membrane concentrates by iron-coated waste filtration sand. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 182:855-862. [PMID: 20667427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron-coated waste filtration sand was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (NTMP) from membrane concentrates. The adsorption of this phosphonate-based antiscalant on this material was measured and compared with two commercially available anion exchange resins and activated carbon. Comprehensive adsorption experiments were conducted in several synthetic concentrate solutions and in a concentrate collected from a full scale nano-filtration brackish water desalination plant. The effect of pH, ionic strength and the presence of competitive anions on the equilibrium adsorption were investigated. The results showed that, in contrast to the anion exchange resins, the adsorption on coated filtration sand is not suppressed at increasing ionic strength and is much less affected by the competitive anions carbonate and sulphate. The adsorption decreased slightly when the pH was raised from 7.0 to 8.0. The adsorption isotherms in the real nano-filtration concentrate, measured in the concentration interval of 5-50 mg dm(-1) NTMP, showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of coated filtration sand was 4.06 mg g(-1). The adsorption capacity per unit mass of the adsorbents at low NTMP concentration (12.5 mg dm(-3)) followed the decreasing order Amberlite IRA-410>coated filtration sand>Amberlite IRA-900>Norit SAE Super. This demonstrates that the use of iron-coated waste filtration sand offers a promising means for the removal of NTMP from membrane concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boels
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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