1
|
Zhao T, Huang S, Zhang Y, Chow AT, Chen P, Wang Y, Lu Y, Xiong J. Removal of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in a sediment microbial fuel cell coupled with Vallisneria natans: Efficiency, microbial community structure, and functional genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141667. [PMID: 38485002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of the economy has led to an increase in the sulfur and nitrogen load in surface water, which has the potential to cause river eutrophication and the emission of malodorous gases. A lab-scale sediment microbial fuel cell coupled with Vallisneria natans (P-SMFC) was designed for surface water remediation. The enhancement of pollutant removal performance of P-SMFC was evaluated in contrast to the SMFC system without plants (SMFC), the open-circuit control system with plants (C-P), and the open-circuit control system without plants (C-S), while illustrating the mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen transformation process. The results demonstrated that the effluent and sediment of P-SMFC had lower concentrations of sulfide compared to other systems. Furthermore, P-SMFC exhibited higher removal efficiency for COD (73.1 ± 8.7%), NH4+-N (80.5 ± 19.8%), and NO3--N (88.5 ± 11.8%) compared to other systems. The closed-circuit conditions and growth of Vallisneria natans create a favorable ecological niche for functional microorganisms involved in power generation, sulfur oxidation, and nitrogen transformation. Additionally, metagenomic analysis revealed that multifunctional bacteria possessing both denitrification and sulfur oxidation genes, such as Thiobacillus, Dechloromonas, and Bacillus, may play simultaneous roles in metabolizing sulfur and nitrogen, thus serving as integral factors in maintaining the performance of P-SMFC. In summary, these findings provide a theoretical reference for the concurrent enhancement of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants removal in P-SMFC and will facilitate its practical application in the remediation of contaminated surface water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Alex T Chow
- Earth and Environmental Science Program, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yanling Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan JJ, Tan LY, Fan QQ, Cao XY, Huang J, Gu YK, Chen TM. Effect of different carbon sources on sulfate reduction and microbial community structure in bioelectrochemical systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18312-18324. [PMID: 36207637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have rapidly developed into a promising technology to treat sulfate-rich wastewater that lacks electron donors. Hence, a better understanding of the effect on the microbial community structure caused by different sources in bioelectrochemical systems is required. This study sought to investigate the effect of different carbon sources (NaHCO3, ethanol, and acetate were employed as sole carbon source respectively) on the performance of sulfate-reducing biocathodes. The sulfate reduction efficiency enhanced by the bioelectrochemical systems was 8.09 - 11.57% higher than that of open-circuit reference experiments. Furthermore, the optimum carbon source was ethanol with a maximum sulfate reduction rate of 170 mg L-1 d-1 in the bioelectrochemical systems. The different carbon sources induced significant differences in sulfate reduction efficiency as demonstrated by the application of a micro-electrical field. Microbial community structure and network analysis revealed that all three kinds of carbon source systems enriched large proportions of sulfate-reducing bacteria and electroactive bacteria but were significantly distinct in composition. The dominant sulfate-reducing bacteria that use NaHCO3 and acetate as carbon sources were Desulfobacter and Desulfobulbus, whereas those that use ethanol as carbon source were Desulfomicrobium and Desulfovibrio. Our results suggest that ethanol is a more suitable carbon source for sulfate reduction in bioelectrochemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Lu-Yu Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Qing-Qing Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Yu-Kang Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Tian-Ming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, 224051, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen PM, Arslan M, Kappelmeyer U, Mäusezahl I, Wiessner A, Müller JA. Spatial characterization of microbial sulfur cycling in horizontal-flow constructed wetland models. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136605. [PMID: 36179921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a cost-effective technology for wastewater treatment in which plant-microorganism relationships play a key role in transforming pollutants. However, there is little knowledge about the spatial organization of microbial metabolic processes in CWs. Here we show the structuring of microbial transformation of inorganic sulfur compounds (ISCs) in two horizontal subsurface-flow CW models fed with sulfate-rich artificial wastewater. One model was fully planted with Juncus effusus, while the other was planted only in the middle to investigate further the influence of the plant on ISC transformations. Chemical analyses revealed that sulfate reduction and re-oxidation of sulfide/sulfur occurred simultaneously along the flow paths, with net reduction at the beginning of the CWs, where organic carbon from the influent was still present, and predominant re-oxidation in the downstream sections. Porewater ISC concentrations hardly differed between the two CWs. However, analysis of the bacterial communities showed that sulfur cycling in the fully planted CW was much higher. Total bacterial abundances were about 50 times and 3-4 orders of magnitude higher in the rhizoplane than in porewater and on gravel, respectively, as quantified by qPCR determination of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that bacterial communities on the roots and in the porewater differed substantially, apparently a consequence of the fluxes of oxygen and exudates from the roots. Furthermore, we observed partitioning of ISC transforming bacteria into different niches of the CWs. The results of the chemical and microbial analyses collectively support that extensive sulfur cycling occurred in the rhizospheres of the CW models. The study is relevant to the treatment of sulfur-containing wastewater and the elucidation of microbial communities involved in biogeochemical activities to improve water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Mäusezahl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Y, Chow AT, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang S, Zhang Y. Effects of Vallisneria natans on H 2S and S 2- releases in black-odorous waterbody under additional nitrate: Comprehensive performance and microbial community structure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115226. [PMID: 35550963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Releases of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur ions (S2-) through sulphate reduction in black-odorous waterbody is a great environmental health concern. Aquatic planting for blackening and odour controls has received great attention in research and practice. Nitrate concentration in black-odorous waterbody can vary significantly but little is known about the responses of aquatic plants on H2S and S2- releases under different nitrate levels. This controlled laboratory study explored the changes of H2S and S2- releases in simulated black-odorous waterbody planted with Vallisneria natans and artificial plants (control). V. natans growth was stimulated by additional nitrate (6.6 mg/L NO3--N), resulting in an increase of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in overlying water and an 11.0% decrease in removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD). At relatively low nitrate level (i.e., 2.0 mg/L NO3--N in the absence of additional nitrate), V. natans after the 48th day inhibited H2S and S2- releases by 81.5% and 66.8%, respectively, and their inhibition efficiencies were improved to 95.7% and 98.8% by the presence of additional nitrate. Additional nitrate reduced the relative abundance of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sediments while increased the relative abundance of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and nitrate-reducing sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) in the leaf biofilms of V. natans and artificial plants. Genus compositions in leaf biofilms showed host specificity. Pearson correlation analysis showed that DO, pH, and nitrate concentration had a positive correlation with the relative abundance of SOB (Aeromonas) and NR-SOB (Hydrogenophaga), while were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of SRB (MSBL7). These results indicated that V. natans under additional nitrate altered microbial community to be unfavourable for H2S and S2- releases. This study clarified the inhibition of H2S and S2- releases by aquatic planting under additional nitrate and provided theoretical basis for improving black-odorous waterbody restoration technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, 29442, USA.
| | - Lijie Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yanling Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Ecological Environment Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chand N, Kumar K, Suthar S. Enhanced wastewater nutrients removal in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland: Effect of biochar addition and tidal flow operation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131742. [PMID: 34352544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon stock in substrate medium play a vital role in the nutrient removal mechanism in a constructed wetland (CW). This study compiles the results of dynamics of DO, ammonium N (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3-N), sulfate (SO4-2), phosphate (PO4-3), chemical oxygen demand (COD), in three setups of vertical-flow constructed wetlands (TFCWs) (SB: substrate + biochar; SBP: substrate + biochar + Colocasia esculenta plantation; SP: substrate + Colocasia esculenta (SP), operated with tidal flow cycles. Experimental analyses illustrated the continuous high DO level (2.743-5.66 mg L-1) in SB and SBP after the I and II cycle of tidal flow (72 h flooding and 24 h dry phase). COD reduction efficiencies increased from 15.75 - 61.86% to 48.55-96.80% after tidal operation among operating TFCWs. N (NH4+-N) and N (NO3-N) removal were found to be 88.16%, and 76.02%; 49.32, and 57.85%; and 40.23%, and 48.94 % in SBP, SP and SB, respectively. The theory of improved nitrification and adsorption through biochar amended substratum was proposed for TFCW systems. PO4-3 and SO4-2 removal improved from 22.63 to 80.50%, and 19.69 to 75.20%, respectively after first tidal operation in all TFCWs. The microbial inhabitation on porous biochar could promote the transformation of available P into microbial biomass and also helped by the plant uptake process while SO4-2 reduction in TFCWs could be mainly due to sulfate-reducing bacterial activity and nitrate reduction process, mainly facilitated by high DO and biochar addition in such setups. The study suggests that effluent re-circulation through tidal operation and biochar supplementation in the substratum could be an effective mechanism for the improvement of the working efficiencies of CWs operated with low energy input systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chand
- Environmental Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110040, India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110040, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Zheng X, Zhang H, Yu X, Lian Y, Yang X, Yu H, Hu R, He Z, Xiao F, Yan Q. Metagenomic insights into the effects of submerged plants on functional potential of microbial communities in wetland sediments. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:405-415. [PMID: 37073260 PMCID: PMC10077182 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Submerged plants in wetlands play important roles as ecosystem engineers to improve self-purification and promote elemental cycling. However, their effects on the functional capacity of microbial communities in wetland sediments remain poorly understood. Here, we provide detailed metagenomic insights into the biogeochemical potential of microbial communities in wetland sediments with and without submerged plants (i.e., Vallisneria natans). A large number of functional genes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycling were detected in the wetland sediments. However, most functional genes showed higher abundance in sediments with submerged plants than in those without plants. Based on the comparison of annotated functional genes in the N and S cycling databases (i.e., NCycDB and SCycDB), we found that genes involved in nitrogen fixation (e.g., nifD/H/K/W), assimilatory nitrate reduction (e.g., nasA and nirA), denitrification (e.g., nirK/S and nosZ), assimilatory sulfate reduction (e.g., cysD/H/J/N/Q and sir), and sulfur oxidation (e.g., glpE, soeA, sqr and sseA) were significantly higher (corrected p < 0.05) in vegetated vs. unvegetated sediments. This could be mainly driven by environmental factors including total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and C:N ratio. The binning of metagenomes further revealed that some archaeal taxa could have the potential of methane metabolism including hydrogenotrophic, acetoclastic, and methylotrophic methanogenesis, which are crucial to the wetland methane budget and carbon cycling. This study opens a new avenue for linking submerged plants with microbial functions, and has further implications for understanding global carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycling in wetland ecosystems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-021-00100-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiafei Zheng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yingli Lian
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Huang Yu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ruiwen Hu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Fanshu Xiao
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo W, Cecchetti AR, Wen Y, Zhou Q, Sedlak DL. Sulfur Cycle in a Wetland Microcosm: Extended 34S-Stable Isotope Analysis and Mass Balance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5498-5508. [PMID: 32275414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur cycle is an important part of constructed wetland biogeochemistry because it is intimately intertwined with the carbon, nitrogen, and iron cycles. However, to date, no quantitative investigation has been conducted on the sulfur cycle in constructed wetlands because of the complexity of wetland systems and the deficiencies in experimental methodology. In this study, 34S-stable isotope analysis was extended in terms of the calculation for the enrichment factor and the kinetic analysis for bacterial sulfate reduction. With this extended method, we attempted for the first time to assess the true rate of bacterial sulfate reduction when sulfide oxidation co-occurs. The joint application of the extended 34S-stable isotope and mass balance analyses made it possible to quantitatively investigate the primary sulfur transformation in a wetland microcosm. Accordingly, a sulfur cycle model for constructed wetlands was quantified and validated. Approximately 75% of the input sulfur was discharged. The remainder was mainly removed through deposition as acid volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur. Plant uptake was negligible. These findings improve our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological transformations of sulfur among plants, sediments, and microorganisms, and their interactions with carbon, nitrogen, and iron cycles, in constructed wetlands and similar systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Room 504, Mingjing Building, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | | | - Yue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Room 504, Mingjing Building, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Room 504, Mingjing Building, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Lin Z, Wang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Zhou J, He Q. Sulfur and iron cycles promoted nitrogen and phosphorus removal in electrochemically assisted vertical flow constructed wetland treating wastewater treatment plant effluent with high S/N ratio. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:20-30. [PMID: 30579051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (PO43--P) and nitrate (NO3--N) in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants are the predominant sources of eutrophication. In this study, a bench-scale electrochemically assisted vertical flow constructed wetland (E-VFCW) was developed, which exhibited favorable PO43--P (89.7-99.4%), NO3--N (82.7-99.6%), and TN (51.9-93.7%) removal efficiency in tertiary wastewater treatment. In addition, little N2O accumulation (0.32-2.19% of △NO3--N) was observed. The study further elucidated that PO43--P was removed mainly in the anode chamber by co-precipitation (Fe(n+)OH-PO4) and adsorption (FeOOH-PO4) pathways. Multi-pathway of NO3--N reduction was proposed, with 13.9-30.2% of NO3--N predominantly eliminated in the anode chamber by ferrous-dependent NO3--N reduction bacteria. In the cathode chamber, electrons storage and resupply modes during S cycle exerted crucial roles in NO3--N reduction, which enhanced the resilience capabilities of the E-VFCW to shock loadings. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that 3.3-6.6 mmol e-/cycle were stored in the form of S0, FeS, and FeS2 in the E-VFCW under longer HRT or higher current density. However, the deposited S resupplied 19.6% and 28.3% of electrons for NO3--N reduction under shorter HRT (1 h) or lower current density (0.01 mA cm-2). Moreover, ferrous-driven NO3--N-reducing or DNRA bacteria also promoted NO3--N elimination in the cathode chamber. These findings provide new insight into the coupling interactions among S, Fe and H cycles, as well as N and P transformations in electrochemically assisted NO3--N reduction systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou J, Guo W, Wen Y. Effect of Sulfate Load on Sulfur Removal in Model Constructed Wetlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/186/3/012078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Saber A, Tafazzoli M, Mortazavian S, James DE. Investigation of kinetics and absorption isotherm models for hydroponic phytoremediation of waters contaminated with sulfate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:276-291. [PMID: 29179117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two common wetland plants, Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana) and Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana), were used in hydroponic cultivation systems for the treatment of simulated high-sulfate wastewaters. Plants in initial experiments at pH 7.0 removed sulfate more efficiently compared to the same experimental conditions at pH 6.0. Results at sulfate concentrations of 50, 200, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 3000 mg/L during three consecutive 7-day treatment periods with 1-day rest intervals, showed decreasing trends of both removal efficiencies and uptake rates with increasing sulfate concentrations from the first to the second to the third 7-day treatment periods. Removed sulfate masses per unit dry plant mass, calculated after 23 days, showed highest removal capacity at 600 mg/L sulfate for both plants. A Langmuir-type isotherm best described sulfate uptake capacity of both plants. Kinetic studies showed that compared to pseudo first-order kinetics, pseudo-second order kinetic models slightly better described sulfate uptake rates by both plants. The Elovich kinetic model showed faster rates of attaining equilibrium at low sulfate concentrations for both plants. The dimensionless Elovich model showed that about 80% of sulfate uptake occurred during the first four days' contact time. Application of three 4-day contact times with 2-day rest intervals at high sulfate concentrations resulted in slightly higher uptakes compared to three 7-day contact times with 1-day rest intervals, indicating that pilot-plant scale treatment systems could be sized with shorter contact times and longer rest-intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Milad Tafazzoli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soroosh Mortazavian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - David E James
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McCarter CPR, Branfireun BA, Price JS. Nutrient and mercury transport in a sub-arctic ladder fen peatland subjected to simulated wastewater discharges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:1349-1360. [PMID: 28793404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Safely treating wastewater in remote communities and mining operations in sub-arctic Canada is critical to protecting the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Undisturbed fen peatlands have been used to minimize the release of contaminants to the aquatic ecosystems; however, there is a limited understanding of wastewater transport or polishing in undisturbed fen peatlands. To elucidate these processes, a small (9800m2, ~250m long) ladder fen was continuously injected with a wastewater surrogate derived from a custom fertilizer blend and 38m3day-1 of water for 51days. The simulated wastewater included sulphate (27.2mgL-1), nitrate (7.6mgL-1), ammonium (9.1mgL-1), phosphate (7.4mgL-1), and chloride (47.2mgL-1). Major ion, total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) pore water concentrations were measured throughout the study period. No wastewater contaminants were detected in the site outlet (~250m down-gradient) and most wastewater contaminants, except for SO42- and Cl-, remained relatively immobile. Within the SO42- plume, MeHg and THg concentrations became highly elevated relative to background (up to 10ngL-1, ~ three to five-fold increase) and MeHg comprised 60-100% of dissolved THg in the pore water. No MeHg or THg was exported at the outflow. The large increase in THg cannot be solely accounted for by the increase in MeHg and was likely due to enhanced decomposition of the peat substrate by increased microbial activity due to electron acceptor loading. Since the added nutrients were effectively transformed, sequestered or otherwise removed from pore waters in this experimental system, it appears that fen peatlands have a large capacity to safely treat residential wastewater nutrients; however, the inadvertent increases in THg and MeHg require further investigation and potential management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P R McCarter
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - B A Branfireun
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environment & Sustainability, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J S Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wiessner A, Kuschk P, Nguyen PM, Müller JA. The sulfur depot in the rhizosphere of a common wetland plant, Juncus effusus, can support long-term dynamics of inorganic sulfur transformations. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:375-383. [PMID: 28605708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur cycle in the rhizosphere of constructed wetlands is frequently interlaced with transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Knowledge about the manifold sulfur transformations may thus aid in improving treatment performance of constructed wetlands. In this study, two laboratory-scale constructed wetland models (planted fixed bed reactors; PFR1 and PFR2) were used to investigate inorganic sulfur transformations at various total loads of sulfate and organic carbon. Sulfate, sulfide and elemental sulfur were the most abundant sulfur compounds detected, thus providing evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of dissimilatory sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation. This co-occurrence was likely enabled by oxygen micro-gradients in the root-near environment, i.e. aerobic sulfide and elemental sulfur oxidation took place mostly at the roots while sulfate and elemental sulfur reduction occurred in the pore water under reduced redox conditions. The rhizosphere was found to be first sink, then source for sulfur during the course of the experiment. Immobilization of reduced sulfur was triggered by catabolism of organic matter coupled to dissimilatory sulfate reduction and the subsequent partial oxidation of generated sulfide. Good plant status was critical for sulfur deposition in the systems. Without externally provided sulfate the sulfur depot of the rhizosphere was a prolonged source for sulfur, which was remobilized into the pore water. Oscillations between sulfide and sulfur (PFR1) or sulfide and sulfate (PFR2) suggested a dynamic interplay between plants and various microbial guilds, i.e. dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur reducers on one side and sulfide and sulfur oxidizers on the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bernardes FS, de Oliveira Diniz RC, Araújo JC, Paulo PL. Studies of filter media for zero-discharge systems collecting light greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 27809703 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1249414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zero-discharge constructed wetland environments are more prone to the accumulation of pollutants. The relationship between filter media and microbial communities in this type of environment is still poorly known. We conducted bench-scale studies of different filter media (polyurethane foam, blast-furnace slag, and loofah) in these systems by simulating the batch operation with light greywater for 433 days. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses (scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction electrophoresis denaturing gradient gel) were used. In all systems, anoxic environments prevailed. These environments were crucial for methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis processes, which are primarily responsible for organic material conversion. The chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (COD/SO42-) ratio was the limiting factor in the competition of microorganisms involved in these processes. This condition, combined with the neutral-alkaline pH, also allowed Chloroflexi phylum bacteria to oxidize sulfide to sulfate and elemental sulfur in all studied media. The results showed strong evidence supporting that the microbial community formed in the present study is more related to operational/environmental conditions than to the different tested filter media. Thus, this demonstrates that the control of interactive effects between pH, redox potential, and the COD/SO42- ratio can prevent the accumulation and/or release of sulfide in anoxic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Silva Bernardes
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
| | - Renata Cortes de Oliveira Diniz
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Juliana Calábria Araújo
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Paula Loureiro Paulo
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhou Q, Huang J, Vymazal J, Kuschk P. Sulfate removal and sulfur transformation in constructed wetlands: The roles of filling material and plant biomass. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:572-581. [PMID: 27423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate in effluent is a challenging issue for wastewater reuse around the world. In this study, sulfur (S) removal and transformation in five batch constructed wetlands (CWs) treating secondary effluent were investigated. The results showed that the presence of the plant cattail (Typha latifolia) had little effect on sulfate removal, while the carbon-rich litter it generated greatly improved sulfate removal, but with limited sulfide accumulation in the pore-water. After sulfate removal, most of the S was deposited with the valence states S (-II) and S (0) on the iron-rich gravel surface, and acid volatile sulfide was the main S sink in the litter-added CWs. High-throughput pyrosequencing revealed that sulfate-reducing bacteria (i.e. Desulfobacter) and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (i.e. Thiobacillus) were dominant in the litter-added CWs, which led to a sustainable S cycle between sulfate and sulfide. Overall, this study suggests that recycling plant litter and iron-rich filling material in CWs gives an opportunity to utilize the S in the wastewater as both an electron acceptor for sulfate reduction and as an electron donor for nitrate reduction coupled with sulfide oxidation. This leads to the simultaneous removal of sulfate, nitrate, and organics without discharging toxic sulfide into the receiving water body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jingang Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saad RAB, Kuschk P, Wiessner A, Kappelmeyer U, Müller JA, Köser H. Role of plants in nitrogen and sulfur transformations in floating hydroponic root mats: A comparison of two helophytes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:333-342. [PMID: 27393940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the roles helophytes play in constructed wetlands (CWs) is limited, especially regarding their provision of organic rhizodeposits. Here, transformations of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur were monitored in a CW variety, floating hydroponic root mat (FHRM), treating synthetic wastewater containing low concentration of organic carbon. Two helophytes, Phragmites australis and Juncus effusus, were compared in duplicates. Striking differences were found between the FHRM of the two helophytes. Whereas ammonium was removed in all FHRMs to below detection level, total nitrogen of 1.15 ± 0.4 g m(-2) d(-1) was removed completely only in P. australis systems. The mats with J. effusus displayed effective nitrification but incomplete denitrification as 77% of the removed ammonium-nitrogen accumulated as nitrate. Furthermore, the P. australis treatment units showed on average 3 times higher sulfate-S removal rates (1.1 ± 0.45 g m(-2) d(-1)) than the systems planted with J. effusus (0.37 ± 0.29 g m(-2) d(-1)). Since the influent organic carbon was below the stoichiometric requirement for the observed N and S transformation processes, helophytes' organic rhizodeposits apparently contributed to these transformations, while P. australis provided about 6 times higher bioavailable organic rhizodeposits than J. effusus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania A B Saad
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heinz Köser
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, FVST Chair Environmental Technology, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Injection of hydrogen gas stimulates acid mine drainage treatment in laboratory-scale hydroponic root mats. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
17
|
Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhou J, Tang Z, Li L, Zhou Q, Vymazal J. Effects of cattail biomass on sulfate removal and carbon sources competition in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 59:1-10. [PMID: 24768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is frequently found in the influent of subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) used as tertiary treatments. To reveal the effects of plants and litters on sulfate removal, as well as the competition for organic carbon among microorganisms in SSF CWs, five laboratory-scale SSF CW microcosms were set up and were operated as a batch system with HRT 5 d. The results showed that the presence of Typha latifolia had little effect on sulfate removal in CWs, with or without additional carbon sources. Cattail litter addition greatly improved sulfate removal in SSF CWs. This improvement was linked to the continuous input of labile organic carbon, which lowers the redox level and supplies a habitat for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The presence of SRB in cattail litter indicated the possibility of sulfate removal around the carbon supplier, but the quantity of microbes in cattail litter was much lower than that in gravel. Stoichiometry calculations showed that the contribution of SRB to COD removal (21-26%) was less than that of methane-producing bacteria (MPB) (47-61%) during the initial stage but dominated COD removal (42-65%) during the terminal stage. The contributions of aerobic bacteria (AB) and denitrification bacteria (DB) to COD removal were always lower than that of SRB. It was also observed that the variations in COD: S ratio had a great influence on the relative abundance of genes between SRB and MPB and both of them could be used as good predictors of carbon competition between SRB and MPB in CWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Junwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16521, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gruyer N, Dorais M, Alsanius BW, Zagury GJ. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and sulfate from greenhouse wastewater by constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1256-1266. [PMID: 24216377 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of C-enriched subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in reducing high concentrations of nitrate (NO) and sulfate (SO) in greenhouse wastewaters. Constructed wetlands were filled with pozzolana, planted with common cattail (), and supplemented as follows: (i) constructed wetland with sucrose (CW+S), wetland units with 2 g L of sucrose solution from week 1 to 28; (ii) constructed wetland with compost (CW+C), wetland units supplemented with a reactive mixture of compost and sawdust; (iii) constructed wetland with compost and no sucrose (CW+CNS) from week 1 to 18, and constructed wetland with compost and sucrose (CW+CS) at 2 g L from week 19 to 28; and (iv) constructed wetland (CW). During 28 wk, the wetlands received a typical reconstituted greenhouse wastewater containing 500 mg L SO and 300 mg L NO. In CW+S, CW+C, and CW+CS, appropriate C:N ratio (7:3.4) and redox potential (-53 to 39 mV) for denitrification resulted in 95 to 99% NO removal. Carbon source was not a limiting factor for denitrification in C-enriched constructed wetlands. In CW+S and CW+CS, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/SO ratios of 0.36 and 0.28 resulted in high sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) counts and high SO removal (98%), whereas low activities were observed at DOC/SO ratios of 0.02 (CW) to 0.11 (CW+C, CW+CNS). On week 19, when organic C content was increased by sucrose addition in CW+CS, SRB counts increased from 2.80 to 5.11 log[CFU+1] mL, resulting in a level similar to the one measured in CW+S (4.69 log[CFU+1] mL). Consequently, high sulfate reduction occurred after denitrification, suggesting that low DOC (38-54 mg L) was the limiting factor. In CW, DOC concentration (9-10 mg L) was too low to sustain efficient denitrification and, therefore, sulfate reduction. Furthermore, the high concentration of dissolved sulfides observed in CW+S and CW+CS treated waters were eliminated by adding FeCl.
Collapse
|
19
|
Essandoh HMK, Tizaoui C, Mohamed MHA. Removal of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen during simulated soil aquifer treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:3559-3572. [PMID: 23726692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil aquifer treatment was simulated in 1 m laboratory soil columns containing silica sand under saturated and unsaturated soil conditions to examine the effect of travel length through the unsaturated zone on the removal of wastewater organic matter, the effect of soil type on dissolved organic carbon removal and also the type of microorganisms involved in the removal process. Dissolved organic carbon removal and nitrification did enhance when the wastewater travelled a longer length through the unsaturated zone. A similar consortium of microorganisms was found to exist in both saturated and unsaturated columns. Microbial concentrations however were lowest in the soil column containing silt and clay in addition to silica sand. The presence of silt and clay was detrimental to DOC removal efficiency under saturated soil conditions due to their negative effect on the hydraulic performance of the soil column and microbial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M K Essandoh
- School of Engineering Design and Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of Nitrate on Sulphur Transformations Depending on Carbon Load in Laboratory-Scale Wetlands Treating Artificial Sewage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two laboratory-scale constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus were used to investigate the dynamics of sulphur transformations under varying nitrate and organic carbon loads as well as its interactions with microbial carbon and nitrogen transformations. The removal of dissolved organic carbon was obtained to be around 65-87% with specific removal load of 1.40-2.63 g/m2 d. 94% of nitrate removal (under inflow concentration of 15 mg/L) irrespective of organic carbon loads indicated a highly active denitrification process in wetlands. Sulphate reduction was performed at a high level of 83% in a low redox potential (about -300 mV) under condition of inflow organic carbon concentration of 50 mg/L. The dosage of nitrate in the inflow can strongly hinder the process ofdissimilatory microbial sulphate. The coexist of sulphide with concentration of 1.65-2.65 mg/L and elemental sulphur of 0.17-2.18 mg/L in the pore water of wetlands demonstrated a simultaneous occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation. A lower ammonium oxidation removal was initiated, which was probably caused by the toxic effect of sulphide with concentration of about 3 mg/L in the pore water. The sulphide concentration in the pore water was highly exponentially correlated with the redox potential, indicating the control of sulphide in wetlands could be performed by the adjustment of redox potential via aeration and/or nitrate dosage.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu S, Wiessner A, Dong R, Pang C, Kuschk P. Performance of two laboratory-scale horizontal wetlands under varying influent loads treating artificial sewage. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of the Ministry of Agricultural; College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ; Leipzig; Germany
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering; China Agricultural University; P. R. China
| | - Changle Pang
- College of Engineering; China Agricultural University; P. R. China
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ; Leipzig; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu S, Chen Z, Braeckevelt M, Seeger EM, Dong R, Kästner M, Paschke H, Hahn A, Kayser G, Kuschk P. Dynamics of Fe(II), sulphur and phosphate in pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating a sulphate-rich chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:1923-1932. [PMID: 22289675 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-term investigations were carried out in two pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (planted and unplanted) with an iron-rich soil matrix for treating sulphate-rich groundwater which was contaminated with low concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The temporal and spatial dynamics of pore-water sulphide, Fe(II) and phosphate concentrations in the wetland beds were characterized and the seasonal effects on sulphide production and nitrification inhibition were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pore-water sulphide concentrations gradually increased from less than 0.2 mg/L in 2005 to annual average concentrations of 15 mg/L in 2010, while the pore-water Fe(II) concentrations decreased from 35.4 mg/L to 0.3 mg/L. From 2005 to 2010, the phosphate removal efficiency declined from 91% to 10% under a relatively constant inflow concentration of 5 mg/L. The pronounced effect of plants was accompanied by a higher sulphate reduction and ammonium oxidation in the planted bed, as compared to the unplanted control. A high tolerance of plants towards sulphide toxicity was observed, which might be due to the detoxification of sulphide by oxygen released by the roots. However, during the period of 2009-2010, the nitrification was negatively impacted by the sulphide production as the reduction in the removal of ammonium from 75% to 42% (with inflow concentration of 55 mg/L) correlated with the increasing mean annual sulphide concentrations. The effect of the detoxification of sulphide and the immobilization of phosphate by the application of the iron-rich soil matrix in the initial years was proven; however, the life-span of this effect should not only be taken into consideration in further design but also in scientific studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu S, Jeschke C, Dong R, Paschke H, Kuschk P, Knöller K. Sulfur transformations in pilot-scale constructed wetland treating high sulfate-containing contaminated groundwater: a stable isotope assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6688-6698. [PMID: 22055121 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the dynamics of sulfur compounds inside constructed wetlands is still insufficient to allow a full description of processes involved in sulfur cycling. Experiments in a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating high sulfate-containing contaminated groundwater were carried out. Application of stable isotope approach combined with hydro-chemical investigations was performed to evaluate the sulfur transformations. In general, under inflow concentration of about 283 mg/L sulfate sulfur, sulfate removal was found to be about 21% with a specific removal rate of 1.75 g/m(2)·d. The presence of sulfide and elemental sulfur in pore water about 17.3 mg/L and 8.5 mg/L, respectively, indicated simultaneously bacterial sulfate reduction and re-oxidation. 70% of the removed sulfate was calculated to be immobilized inside the wetland bed. The significant enrichment of (34)S and (18)O in dissolved sulfate (δ(34)S up to 16‰, compared to average of 5.9‰ in the inflow, and δ(18)O up to 13‰, compared to average of 6.9‰ in the inflow) was observed clearly correlated to the decrease of sulfate loads along the flow path through experimental wetland bed. This enrichment also demonstrated the occurrence of bacterial sulfate reduction as well as demonstrated by the presence of sulfide in the pore water. Moreover, the integral approach shows that bacterial sulfate reduction is not the sole process controlling the isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate in the pore water. The calculated apparent enrichment factor (ɛ = -22‰) for sulfur isotopes from the δ(34)S vs. sulfate mass loss was significantly smaller than required to produce the observed difference in δ(34)S between sulfate and sulfide. It indicated some potential processes superimposing bacterial sulfate reduction, such as direct re-oxidation of sulfide to sulfate by oxygen released from plant roots and/or bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur. Furthermore, 41% of residual sulfate was calculated to be from sulfide re-oxidation, which demonstrated that the application of stable isotope approach combined with the common hydro-chemical investigations is not only necessary for a general qualitative evaluation of sulfur transformations in constructed wetlands, but also leads to a quantitative description of intermediate processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|