1
|
Li W, Hu J. Photodegradation of the novel herbicide pyraclonil in aqueous solution: Kinetics, identification of photoproducts, mechanism, and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124381. [PMID: 38906402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyraclonil is a new type of pyrazole herbicide, whose photochemical fate in aqueous solution has not been reported yet. In this study, effects on the photolysis rate such as light source, pH, NO3-, Fe3+, fulvic acid (FA) and riboflavin (RF) were investigated. Pyraclonil photodegraded in pure water under both UV and simulated sunlight with half-lives of 32.29 min and 42.52 h, respectively. Under UV, the degradation rate of pyraclonil in pH 4 solution (0.0299 ± 0.0033 min-1) was about twice higher than that in pH 9 (0.0160 ± 0.0063 min-1). Under simulated sunlight, low concentration (0.1-1 mg/L) of FA, NO3-, Fe3+ and RF noticeably promoted the photodegradation of pyraclonil. Then, with the combination of experimental UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and computational calculation of density functional theory (DFT), fourteen transformation products (TPs) of pyraclonil were identified with possible mechanism of C-N bond cleavage, photorearrangement, demethylation, hydroxylation and oxidation. Additionally, acute toxicity assessment was conducted through ECOSAR prediction and laboratory bioassays. The prediction results indicated that toxicity of TP157 to daphnid and green algae was 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than that of the parent, respectively. The bioassay results indicated that toxicities of TP157 and TP263 to C. vulgaris were about 1.6 and 5.9 times higher than that of the parent, respectively. The results provided a reference for elucidating the potential hazards of pyraclonil to non-target organisms and promoting its rational use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bose S, Kumar M. Comparative evaluation of α-Bi 2O 3/CoFe 2O 4 and ZnO/CoFe 2O 4 heterojunction nanocomposites for microwave induced catalytic degradation of tetracycline. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143071. [PMID: 39128776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Two microwave (MW) responsive heterojunction nanocomposite catalysts, i.e., α-Bi2O3/CoFe2O4 (BO/CFO) and ZnO/CoFe2O4 (ZO/CFO), with weight% ratio of 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 were synthesized by sequential thermal decomposition and co-precipitation methods, and used for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under MW irradiation. The formation of desired catalysts was confirmed through the characterization results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM, VSM, UV-DRS, XPS, BET, etc. Using batch MW experiments, the catalyst dose, pH, initial TC concentration, reaction temperature, and MW power were optimized for TC removal. Under the following reaction conditions: catalyst dose ∼1 g/L, initial TC concentration ∼1 mg/L, temperature ∼90 °C, MW ∼450 W, BO/CFO, and ZO/CFO showed ∼97.55% and 88.23% TC degradation, respectively, after 5 min. The difference in the catalytic response against TC degradation indicated the difference in reflective loss (RL) between these two catalysts. The presence of other competitive anions has affected the removal efficiency of TC due to the scavenging effect. The radical trapping study revealed the significant contribution of TC degradation by hydroxyl radicals in the case of ZO/CFO, whereas for BO/CFO, superoxide (●O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (●OH) both played influential roles. The Z-scheme heterojunction of BO/CFO allowed the formation of ●O2- but the same was inhibited in type-II heterojunction of ZO/CFO due to the valance band position. The dielectric loss, magnetic loss, interfacial polarization, and high electrical conductivity, 'hotspots' were produced over the catalyst surface alongside electron-hole separation at heterojunctions, which were responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Co3+/Co2+ and Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycles have promoted ●O2- and sulfate radical production during persulfate application. Among the two MW responsive catalysts, BO/CFO could be a potential material for rapidly destroying emerging organic pollutants from wastewater without applying other oxidative chemicals under MW irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Bose
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathava Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh S, Sahu M. Ultrasound for the degradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous solution: A review on mechanisms, influence of operating parameters and cost estimation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140864. [PMID: 38061558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Availability of drinking water is one of the basic humanitarian goals but remains as a grand challenge that the world is facing today. Currently, water bodies are contaminated not only with conventional pollutants but also with numerous recalcitrant pollutants, such as PPCPs, endocrine disrupting compounds, etc. These emerging pollutants require special attention because of their toxicity to living organisms, bio-resistant and can sustain even after primary and secondary treatments of wastewater. Among different treatment technologies, sonolysis is found to be an innovative and promising technique for the treatment of emerging pollutants present in aqueous solution. Sonolysis is the use of ultrasound to enhance or alter chemical reactions by the formation of free radicals and shock waves which ultimately helps in degradation of pollutants. This review summarizes several studies in the sonochemical literature, including mechanisms of sonochemical process, physical and chemical effects of ultrasound, and the influence of several process variables such as ultrasound frequency, power density, temperature and pH of the medium on degradation performance for endocrine disrupting compounds. In addition, this review highlighted techno-economic perspectives focusing on the total cost required for translating the ultrasound-based processes on a large scale. Overall, the objective of this study is to exhibit a critical review of information available in the literature to encourage and promote future research on sonolysis for the degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Manoranjan Sahu
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pirsaheb M, Nouri M, Hossini H. Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of phthalate esters (PAEs) in aqueous matrices: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:265-279. [PMID: 35390247 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, phthalate esters (PAEs) used as additives to improve the persistence and flexibility of polymeric materials. They are also used in cosmetics, insect repellents, and propellants, and their continuous input into drinking waters has constituted a serious risk to human health and the environment. DBPs are compounds classified as hazardous substances and have teratogenic properties. Due to the high bioaccumulation of DBP, they have toxic properties in different organisms, making it very important to remove PAEs before discharging them into environments. In this study a systematic review was designed to evaluate Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) studies which have successfully treated contaminated water with PAEs. Among AOPs, particularly photocatalytic, UV/H2O2 photolysis, sonolysis, and ozone-based processes were more tried to degrade PAEs in aqueous solutions. Additionally, a more detail of each AOPs was explained. Findings showed that all advanced oxidation processes, especially combined AOPs have good results in the degradation of PAEs in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Monireh Nouri
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumari M, Pulimi M. Phthalate esters: occurrence, toxicity, bioremediation, and advanced oxidation processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2090-2115. [PMID: 37186617 PMCID: wst_2023_119 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters are emerging pollutants, commonly used as plasticizers that are categorized as hazardous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A rise in anthropogenic activities leads to an increase in phthalate concentration in the environment which leads to various adverse environmental effects and health issues in humans and other aquatic organisms. This paper gives an overview of the research related to phthalate ester contamination and degradation methods by conducting a bibliometric analysis with VOS Viewer. Ecotoxicity analysis requires an understanding of the current status of phthalate pollution, health impacts, exposure routes, and their sources. This review covers five toxic phthalates, occurrences in the aquatic environment, toxicity studies, biodegradation studies, and degradation pathways. It highlights the various advanced oxidation processes like photocatalysis, Fenton processes, ozonation, sonolysis, and modified AOPs used for phthalate removal from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kumari
- Centre of Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail:
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre of Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiao B, Wang K, Chang Y, Dong F, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Liu X, Zheng Y. Photodegradation of the Novel Herbicide Pyraquinate in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Photoproducts, Mechanisms, and Toxicity Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4249-4257. [PMID: 36877166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyraquinate, a newly developed 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase class herbicide, has shown excellent control of resistant weeds in paddy fields. However, its environmental degradation products and corresponding ecotoxicological risks after field application remain ambiguous. In this study, we systematically investigate the photolytic behaviors of pyraquinate in aqueous solutions and in response to xenon lamp irradiation. The degradation follows first-order kinetics, and its rate depends on pH and the amount of organic matter. No vulnerability to light radiation is indicated. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and UNIFI software analysis reveals six photoproducts generated by methyl oxidation, demethylation, oxidative dechlorination, and ester hydrolysis. Gaussian calculation suggests that activities due to hydroxyl radicals or aquatic oxygen atoms caused these reactions on the premise of obeying thermodynamic criteria. Practical toxicity test results show that the toxicity of pyraquinate to zebrafish embryos is low but increases when the compound is combined with its photoproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang P, Gu X, Qin N, Hu Y, Wang X, Zhang YN. Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance for degradation of dimethyl phthalate over well-designed 3D hierarchical TiO 2/Ti photoelectrode coupled dual heterojunctions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129896. [PMID: 36096059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel A/R-TiO2 NSs/NRs photoelectrode was constructed through electrodeposition of anatase TiO2 nanosheets (A-TiO2 NSs) with highly exposed {001} facet onto the 1D upright rutile TiO2 nanorods (R-TiO2 NRs). At first, A/R-TiO2 NSs/NRs exhibited enhanced adsorption of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) due to the specific recognition between Lewis acid sites of {001} facet and Lewis basic DMP. NH3-TPD and Py-IR revealed that the Lewis acidity on the {001} facet of A-TiO2 NSs was much stronger than that of R-TiO2 NRs, demonstrating superior adsorption capacity to DMP. DFT theoretical calculations coupled with in-situ ATR-FTIR spectra were performed to investigate the binding adsorption behavior of DMP on A/R-TiO2 NSs/NRs. Secondly, the rapid separation of excited charges and strong oxidation of h+ were achieved by the synergistic effect of dual heterojunctions (A/R "phase heterojunction" and {111}/{110} "facet heterojunction"). The A/R-TiO2 NSs/NRs exhibited 100% degradation efficiency for the target pollutant DMP within 3 h, whose rate constant (k) was 18.02 × 10-3 min-1, 2.16 times that of pure R-TiO2 NRs. In real wastewater application, A/R-TiO2 NSs/NRs achieved 93.8% elimination of DMP during 4 h and preserved excellent stability after 5 cycles, promising a wide-range of applications in water environment remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Gu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ning Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yiqiong Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hydrogen-based sono-hybrid catalytic degradation and mitigation of industrially-originated dye-based pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Jiao B, Zhu Y, Xu J, Dong F, Wu X, Liu X, Zheng Y. Identification and ecotoxicity prediction of pyrisoxazole transformation products formed in soil and water using an effective HRMS workflow. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127223. [PMID: 34600378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrisoxazole, an isoxazoline-class fungicide, has been registered and used for approximately 19 years. However, its environmental transformation products (TPs) and corresponding ecotoxicological effects remain ambiguous. In this study, the photolysis, hydrolysis, and soil transformation behavior of pyrisoxazole were systematically investigated by indoor simulation experiments and analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and UNIFI software. Transformation products in different environemnts were effectively identfied by a proposed workflow, which organically combined suspect and non-target screening strategies. In total, 17 TPs were screened out. Eight TPs were confirmed using the corresponding reference standards. Structures of another 9 compounds were tentatively proposed based on diagnostic evidence. Among them, 14 products were reported for the first time. The transformation pathways of pyrisoxazole in soil and water were proposed. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the different pH of aqueous solutions had little effect on the pathways, while the influence of different soil types and oxygen conditions was evident. Finally, the toxicity of the proposed TPs to fish and daphnids was predicted using ECOSAR software. These proposed TPs in soil and water, transformation pathways, and predicted ecotoxicity information could provide systematic insight into the fate and environmental risks of pyrisoxazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chauhan R, Dinesh GK, Alawa B, Chakma S. A critical analysis of sono-hybrid advanced oxidation process of ferrioxalate system for degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130324. [PMID: 33789218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emerging contaminants in wastewater discharged from numerous chemical process industries, pharmaceutical industries, textile, and wineries have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. The conventional techniques are incompetent to treat many of such recalcitrant toxic pollutants. To achieve high mineralization, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are found to be more efficient for the degradation of these organic pollutants without producing secondary pollutants with no/less amount of sludge. The primary oxidation agents for AOPs are in-situ generated free radicals, which are highly reactive and effective oxidants for degrading any type of organic molecules present in the wastewater. In the past decades, the combination of AOPs or simultaneous application of more than one AOP has been investigated extensively for wastewater treatment and these hybrid-AOPs have been reported to be beneficial for high-level mineralization of organic pollutants. This paper presented the characteristics, properties and influence of parameters in sono-photo-ferrioxalate system. The primary operating parameters in sono-photo-ferrioxalate system that affect the kinetics are defined as the solution pH, temperature, molar ratio of Fe3+/C2O42-, H2O2 concentration, source of light, ultrasound intensity, dissolved gases, and size of cavitation bubble. In this process, several oxidizing radicals are generated such as HO•, HO2•, C2O4•-, CO2•- and O2•- which are also responsible for degradation. In this review, we have mainly addressed the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants using the sono-photo-ferrioxalate system and a critical analysis of process parameters that influence mineralization efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Kumaravel Dinesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bablu Alawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patidar R, Srivastava VC. Evaluation of the sono-assisted photolysis method for the mineralization of toxic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
12
|
Enhancement of Sono-Fenton by P25-Mediated Visible Light Photocatalysis: Analysis of Synergistic Effect and Influence of Emerging Contaminant Properties. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose is to figure out the involved synergistic effects by combining sono-Fenton using in situ generated H2O2 and the photocatalytic process of P25 under visible light (Vis/P25). Two emerging contaminants, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP), with similar structure but different properties were selected to examine the influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of target pollutants. Results show that there is synergy between sono-Fenton and Vis/P25, and more significant synergy can be obtained with low dose of Fe3+ or Fe2+ (0.02 mM) and for more hydrophilic DMP. Based on systematic analysis, the primary mechanism of the synergy is found to be the fast regeneration of Fe2+ by photo-electrons from P25 photocatalysis, which plays the dominant role when the Fe3+/Fe2+ concentration is low (0.02 mM). However, at high Fe3+/Fe2+ concentration (0.5 mM), the photoreduction of Fe(III) to Fe2+ can play a key role with relatively low efficiency. By studying the degradation intermediates of both DMP and DEP, the degradation pathways can be determined as the hydroxylation of aromatic ring and the oxidation of the aliphatic chain. Better mineralization performance is achieved for DMP than that for DEP due to the enhanced utilization efficiency of H2O2 by accelerating Fe2+ regeneration.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu L, Zhang X, Han J, Gong H, Meng L, Mei X, Sun Y, Qi L, Gan L. Degradation of emerging contaminants by sono-Fenton process with in situ generated H 2O 2 and the improvement by P25-mediated visible light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122229. [PMID: 32044626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing advanced treatment methods to minimize the release of emerging contaminants to natural water has become a matter of considerable interest. Sono-Fenton process was investigated to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) and sulfadiazine (SDZ). The H2O2 generated in situ was used as the exclusive source. Results showed that, the 400 kHz ultrasound is more efficient in creating homogeneous sono-Fenton than the 20 kHz apparatus due to the higher production of OH. Influence of Fe2+ was more remarkable on the degradation of hydrophilic SDZ, and its degradation kinetics was well fitted by two-stage kinetic model. However, the Fe2+ and H2O2 were unproductively wasted, which could not be improved by changing the dosing modes of Fe2+. The presence of P25 under visible light irradiation could significantly accelerate SDZ degradation at small amount of iron precursors, mainly via promoting the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling by the photoelectrons. Moreover, SDZ degradation in sono-Fenton process was significantly inhibited at pH > 7, but the inhibition was very weak in P25-assisted sono-Fenton process. The presence of P25 also improved the mineralization. Three primary degradation pathways of SDZ degradation were proposed, including the attacking of the benzene ring, the oxidation of the amino group and the extrusion of SO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Gong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Mei
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyue Qi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of dissociation constant (pKa) of natural organic matter on photo-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of dimethyl phthalate esters by MWCNTs-anatase TiO2 nanocomposites using the UHPLC/Orbitrap/MS technique. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
16
|
Wang C, Wang Z, You Y, Xu W, Lv Z, Liu Z, Chen W, Shi Y. Response of Arthrobacter QD 15-4 to dimethyl phthalate by regulating energy metabolism and ABC transporters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:146-152. [PMID: 30825737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous dimethyl phthalate (DMP) has severely threatened environmental safety and the health of organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to degrade DMP, removing it from the environment. Microbiological degradation is an efficient and safe method for degrading DMP. In this study, the response of Arthrobacter QD 15-4 to DMP was investigated. The results showed that the growth of Arthrobacter QD 15-4 was not impacted by DMP and Arthrobacter QD 15-4 could degrade DMP. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR results showed that DMP treatment caused some changes in the expression of key genes in Arthrobacter QD 15-4. The transcriptional expressions of pstSCAB and phoU were downregulated by DMP. The transcriptional expressions of potACD, gluBC, oppAB, pdhAB, aceAF, gltA were upregulated by DMP. The genes are mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The increasing of pyruvic acid and citrate in Arthrobacter QD 15-4 further supported the energy metabolism was improved by DMP. It was clearly shown that Arthrobacter QD 15-4 made response to dimethyl phthalate by regulating energy metabolism and ABC transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China.
| | - Yimin You
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Zhihang Lv
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Zeping Liu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Expósito AJ, Patterson DA, Monteagudo JM, Durán A. Sono-photo-degradation of carbamazepine in a thin falling film reactor: Operation costs in pilot plant. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:496-503. [PMID: 27773274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photo-Fenton degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) assisted with ultrasound radiation (US/UV/H2O2/Fe) was tested in a lab thin film reactor allowing high TOC removals (89% in 35min). The synergism between the UV process and the sonolytic one was quantified as 55.2%. To test the applicability of this reactor for industrial purposes, the sono-photo-degradation of CBZ was also tested in a thin film pilot plant reactor and compared with a 28L UV-C conventional pilot plant and with a solar Collector Parabolic Compound (CPC). At a pilot plant scale, a US/UV/H2O2/Fe process reaching 60% of mineralization would cost 2.1 and 3.8€/m3 for the conventional and thin film plant respectively. The use of ultrasound (US) produces an extra generation of hydroxyl radicals, thus increasing the mineralization rate. In the solar process, electric consumption accounts for a maximum of 33% of total costs. Thus, for a TOC removal of 80%, the cost of this treatment is about 1.36€/m3. However, the efficiency of the solar installation decreases in cloudy days and cannot be used during night, so that a limited flow rate can be treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Expósito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSII, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D A Patterson
- Bath Process Intensification Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Separation Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - J M Monteagudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSII, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Durán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSII, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khataee A, Saadi S, Vahid B. Kinetic modeling of sonocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 29 in the presence of lanthanide-doped ZnO nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:98-106. [PMID: 27773330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sonocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 29 (RO29) was examined from the reaction kinetics point of view. Sonochemically synthesized lanthanides (Ho3+ and Er3+)-doped ZnO nanoparticles were utilized as catalyst during the sonocatalytic process. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The aqueous RO29 solution was irradiated with a 36kHz ultrasonic bath (150W) for investigation of the degradation kinetics by varying of the initial dye concentration (10-30mg/L) and catalyst dosage (0.25-1g/L). A novel kinetic model was developed and validated for prediction of the RO29 sonocatalytic degradation efficiency using generally accepted intrinsic elementary reactions. The proposed kinetic model clearly demonstrates the dependence of the apparent first-order rate constant on the mentioned operational parameters. The predicted values of degradation efficiency and experimental results were in good agreement with appropriate correlation coefficient (R2>0.945).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Saadi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Babu SG, Ashokkumar M, Neppolian B. The Role of Ultrasound on Advanced Oxidation Processes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:75. [PMID: 27709554 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of ultrasound in remediation of wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants in the absence and presence of other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as sonolysis, sono-ozone process, sonophotocatalysis, sonoFenton systems and sonophoto-Fenton methods in detail. All these methods are explained with the suitable literature illustrations. In most of the cases, hybrid AOPs (combination of ultrasound with one or more AOPs) resulted in superior efficacy to that of individual AOP. The advantageous effects such as additive and synergistic effects obtained by operating the hybrid AOPs are highlighted with appropriate examples. It is worth to mention here that the utilization of ultrasound is not only restricted in preparation of modern active catalysts but also extensively used for the wastewater treatment. Interestingly, ultrasound coupled AOPs are operationally simple, efficient, and environmentally benign, and can be readily applied for large scale industrial processes which make them economically viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Ganesh Babu
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and c*change (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Bernaurdshaw Neppolian
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao J, Wang C, Lyu S, Liu H, Jiang C, Lei Y. Enhancement of Fenton degradation by catechol in a wide initial pH range. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Xu LJ, Chu W, Lee PH, Wang J. The mechanism study of efficient degradation of hydrophobic nonylphenol in solution by a chemical-free technology of sonophotolysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:386-393. [PMID: 26855185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol is a hydrophobic endocrine disrupting compound, which can inhibit the growth of sewage bacteria in biological processes. This study investigated the degradation of 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) in water by a chemical-free technology of sonophotolysis with emphasis on the impacts of several important parameters, including light intensity, solution pH, two commonly seen inorganic ions (i.e. NO3(-) and HCO3(-)), and principally on the examination of degradation mechanisms. It was found that, solution pH could significantly influence both NP degradation efficiency and the synergistic effect of sonophotolytic process, where higher synergistic effect was obtained at more acidic condition. In addition, the presence of NO3(-) accelerated NP degradation by both acting as a photosensitizer and providing NO2˙ radicals, while HCO3(-) had little effect on NP degradation. Identification of intermediates of NP degradation indicated that NP sonophotolysis was mainly initiated by the formation of hydroxy-NP, and a new intermediate di-hydroxy-NP was identified for the first time ever in this study. Through thermodynamic analysis, results indicated that both ortho- and meta-hydroxy-NP species can coexist in the solution but the ortho-4-NBZQ (4-nonyl-benzoquinone) is dominant. In addition, the mechanism of ortho-hydroxy-NP formation was suggested by the addition of HO˙ and H˙ radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - W Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khataee A, Vahid B, Saadi S, Joo SW. Development of an empirical kinetic model for sonocatalytic process using neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:146-155. [PMID: 26584992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Acid Blue 92 (AB92) solution was investigated using a sonocatalytic process with pure and neodymium (Nd)-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The 1% Nd-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated the highest sonocatalytic activity for the treatment of AB92 (10 mg/L) with a degradation efficiency (DE%) of 86.20% compared to pure ZnO (62.92%) and sonication (45.73%) after 150 min. The results reveal that the sonocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics. An empirical kinetic model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis to estimate the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) as a function of the operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration (5-25 mg/L), doped-catalyst dosage (0.25-1 g/L), ultrasonic power (150-400 W), and dopant content (1-6% mol). The results from the kinetic model were consistent with the experimental results (R(2)=0.990). Moreover, DE% increases with addition of potassium periodate, peroxydisulfate, and hydrogen peroxide as radical enhancers by generating more free radicals. However, the addition of chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and t-butanol as radical scavengers declines DE%. Suitable reusability of the doped sonocatalyst was proven for several consecutive runs. Some of the produced intermediates were also detected by GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test using Lemna minor (L. minor) plant confirmed the considerable toxicity removal of the AB92 solution after treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Saadi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Xu LJ, Chu W, Graham N. Sonophotolytic degradation of phthalate acid esters in water and wastewater: influence of compound properties and degradation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 288:43-50. [PMID: 25682516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physicochemical properties on the sonolytic and sonophotolytic degradation of a group of short-chain phthalate acid esters (PAEs) was investigated in this study. A 400 kHz ultrasonic system and a photolytic system at 253.7 nm were employed separately and together, and both pure water and secondary effluent were used as the water matrices. It was found that PAEs with greater hydrophobicity demonstrated more rapid sonolysis and exhibited greater competitiveness in sonochemical reactions in the presence of other compounds. However, although a greater compound hydrophobicity is beneficial for the sonochemical degradation of PAEs, the observed synergy between ultrasound and UV in the sonophotolytic process is reduced owing to the lower accumulation of H₂O₂ in the aqueous phase. For the sonophotolysis of PAEs in secondary effluent, it was found that PAEs with greater hydrophobicity experienced less inhibition or competition from the background organic substances (expressed as TOC). Identification of prominent degradation intermediates of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), as a representative PAE, indicated that hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and butyl-scission of the aliphatic chain are the principal degradation mechanisms. The combined process of US/UV produced a greater degree of DBP mineralization than either US or UV alone (17% TOC reduction within 90 min).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - W Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ghafoori S, Mowla A, Jahani R, Mehrvar M, Chan PK. Sonophotolytic degradation of synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater: statistical experimental design and modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 150:128-137. [PMID: 25460426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The merits of the sonophotolysis as a combination of sonolysis (US) and photolysis (UV/H2O2) are investigated in a pilot-scale external loop airlift sonophotoreactor for the treatment of a synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater (SPWW). In the first part of this study, the multivariate experimental design is carried out using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The effluent is characterized by the total organic carbon (TOC) percent removal as a surrogate parameter. The results indicate that the response of the TOC percent removal is significantly affected by the synergistic effects of the linear term of H2O2 dosage and ultrasound power with the antagonistic effect of quadratic term of H2O2 dosage. The statistical analysis of the results indicates a satisfactory prediction of the system behavior by the developed model. In the second part of this study, a novel rigorous mathematical model for the sonophotolytic process is developed to predict the TOC percent removal as a function of time. The mathematical model is based on extensively accepted sonophotochemical reactions and the rate constants in advanced oxidation processes. A good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data indicates that the proposed model could successfully describe the sonophotolysis of the pharmaceutical wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghafoori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Amir Mowla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Ramtin Jahani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3.
| | - Philip K Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park B, Cho E, Son Y, Khim J. Distribution of electrical energy consumption for the efficient degradation control of THMs mixture in sonophotolytic process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1982-1987. [PMID: 24798228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonophotolytic degradation of THMs mixture with different electrical energy ratio was carried out for efficient design of process. The total consumed electrical energy was fixed around 50W, and five different energy conditions were applied. The maximum degradation rate showed in conditions of US:UV=1:3 and US:UV=0:4. This is because the photolytic degradation of bromate compounds is dominant degradation mechanism for THMs removal. However, the fastest degradation of total organic carbon was observed in a condition of US:UV=1:3. Because hydrogen peroxide generated by sonication was effectively dissociated to hydroxyl radicals by ultraviolet, the concentration of hydroxyl radical was maintained high. This mechanism provided additional degradation of organics. This result was supported by comparison between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide sole and combined process. Consequently, the optimal energy ratio was US:UV=1:3 for degradation of THMs in sonophotolytic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beomguk Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyungbuk 730-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyeong Khim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu LJ, Chu W, Graham N. Atrazine degradation using chemical-free process of USUV: analysis of the micro-heterogeneous environments and the degradation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 275:166-174. [PMID: 24862347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of sonolysis (US), photolysis (UV), and sonophotolysis (USUV) for the degradation of atrazine (ATZ) was investigated. An untypical kinetics analysis was found useful to describe the combined process, which is compatible to pseudo first-order kinetics. The heterogeneous environments of two different ultrasounds (20 and 400 kHz) were evaluated. The heterogeneous distribution of ATZ in the ultrasonic solution was found critical in determining the reaction rates at different frequencies. The presence of NaCl would promote/inhibit the rates by the growth and decline of "salting out" effect and surface tension. The benefits of combining these two processes were for the first time investigated from the aspect of promoting the intermediates degradation which were resistant in individual processes. UV caused a rapid transformation of ATZ to 2-hydroxyatrazine (OIET), which was insensitive to UV irradiation; however, US and USUV were able to degrade OIET and other intermediates through •OH attack. On the other hand, UV irradiation also could promote radical generation via H2O2 decomposition, thereby resulting in less accumulation of more hydrophilic intermediates, which are difficult to degradation in the US process. Reaction pathways for ATZ degradation by all three processes are proposed. USUV achieved the greatest degree of ATZ mineralization with more than 60% TOC removed, contributed solely by the oxidation of side chains. Ammeline was found to be the only end-product in both US and USUV processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - W Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dükkancı M, Gündüz G. Sonolytic degradation of butyric acid in aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:564-568. [PMID: 24029459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The sonolytic degradation of butyric acid was investigated in an ultrasonic reactor emitting waves at 850 kHz. The effects of the ultrasonic power, the initial concentration of butyric acid, and the addition of H2O2 were studied on the degradation of butyric acid. In the sonication of butyric acid, degradation degrees as high as 31.5% could be achieved at a power of 31 W, at an initial concentration of 2.8 mM butyric acid with the addition of 0.34 M H2O2 for a sonication time of 5 h. The degradation of butyric acid increased with irradiation time, indicating first order kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meral Dükkancı
- Ege University, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|