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Pannu MW, Huang A, Plumlee MH. Variable PFAS removal by adsorbent media with sufficient prediction of breakthrough despite reduced contact time at pilot scale. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11035. [PMID: 38761092 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
One alternative adsorbent (AA) and five ion exchange (IX) resins were tested for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater in pilot-scale columns for up to 19 months using empty bed contact times (EBCTs) representative of full-scale treatment. For the six detected PFAS in the pilot feed water, the long-chain PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS], and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid [PFHxS]) were well removed with only PFOA, which is a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) eventually breaking through as the media became exhausted. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a short-chain perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), was also well removed, whereas short-chain PFCAs (perfluoropentanoic acid [PFPeA] and perfluorobutanoic acid [PFBA]) were not removed (i.e., immediate breakthrough). Overall, IX and AA demonstrated superior removal of PFSAs compared to PFCAs (i.e., later breakthrough of PFSAs translating to longer media life). Media life varied, ranging from 6 to 15 months before adsorbents reached a significant PFOA breakthrough. The performance of the two adsorbents piloted at shorter EBCT reasonably predicted the longer (representative) pilot EBCT results (within ±20-30%) for the same adsorbents following data scaling. This suggests that pilot-scale testing may be conducted at a faster pace and therefore more economically. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Long-chain PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS) were well removed by five ion exchange and one alternative adsorbent tested herein. One short-chain PFAS (PFBS) was well removed with no removal of two other short-chain PFAS (PFBA and PFPeA). Performance of the two adsorbents piloted at shorter EBCT reasonably predicted the longer (representative) pilot EBCT results for the same adsorbents following data scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet W Pannu
- Research and Development Department, Orange County Water District, Anaheim, California, USA
| | - Andrew Huang
- Research and Development Department, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Megan H Plumlee
- Research and Development Department, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA
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2
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Ajaz S, Aly Hassan A, Michael RN, Leusch FDL. Removal of organic micropollutants in biologically active filters: A systematic quantitative review of key influencing factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120203. [PMID: 38325285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biofiltration utilizes natural mechanisms including biodegradation and biotransformation along with other physical processes for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and industrial compounds found in (waste)water. In this systematic review, a total of 120 biofiltration studies from 25 countries were analyzed, considering various biofilter configurations, source water types, biofilter media and scales of operation. The study also provides a bibliometric analysis to identify the emerging research trends in the field. The results show that granular activated carbon (GAC) either alone or in combination with another biofiltration media can remove a broad range of OMPs efficiently. The impact of pre-oxidation on biofilter performance was investigated, revealing that pre-oxidation significantly improved OMP removal and reduced the empty bed contact time (EBCT) needed to achieve a consistently high OMP. Biofiltration with pre-oxidation had median removals ranging between 65% and >90% for various OMPs at 10-45 min EBCT with data variability drastically reducing beyond 20 min EBCT. Biofiltration without pre-oxidation had lower median removals with greater variability. The results demonstrate that pre-oxidation greatly enhances the removal of adsorptive and poorly biodegradable OMPs, while its impact on other OMPs varies. Only 19% of studies we reviewed included toxicity testing of treated effluent, and even fewer measured transformation products. Several studies have previously reported an increase in effluent toxicity because of oxidation, although it was successfully abated by subsequent biofiltration in most cases. Therefore, the efficacy of biofiltration treatment should be assessed by integrating toxicity testing into the assessment of overall removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ajaz
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruby N Michael
- Green Infrastructure Research Labs (GIRLS), Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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3
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate Separating and Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Protection in the Era of Smart Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37384557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article critically and comprehensively reviews the most recent reports on smart sensors for determining glyphosate (GLP), an active agent of GLP-based herbicides (GBHs) traditionally used in agriculture over the past decades. Commercialized in 1974, GBHs have now reached 350 million hectares of crops in over 140 countries with an annual turnover of 11 billion USD worldwide. However, rolling exploitation of GLP and GBHs in the last decades has led to environmental pollution, animal intoxication, bacterial resistance, and sustained occupational exposure of the herbicide of farm and companies' workers. Intoxication with these herbicides dysregulates the microbiome-gut-brain axis, cholinergic neurotransmission, and endocrine system, causing paralytic ileus, hyperkalemia, oliguria, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. Precision agriculture, i.e., an (information technology)-enhanced approach to crop management, including a site-specific determination of agrochemicals, derives from the benefits of smart materials (SMs), data science, and nanosensors. Those typically feature fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers or immunochemical aptamer artificial receptors integrated with electrochemical transducers. Fabricated as portable or wearable lab-on-chips, smartphones, and soft robotics and connected with SM-based devices that provide machine learning algorithms and online databases, they integrate, process, analyze, and interpret massive amounts of spatiotemporal data in a user-friendly and decision-making manner. Exploited for the ultrasensitive determination of toxins, including GLP, they will become practical tools in farmlands and point-of-care testing. Expectedly, smart sensors can be used for personalized diagnostics, real-time water, food, soil, and air quality monitoring, site-specific herbicide management, and crop control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
- Modified Electrodes for Potential Application in Sensors and Cells Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Cosano D, Esquivel D, Romero-Salguero FJ, Jiménez-Sanchidrián C, Ruiz JR. Carboxymethylcellulose/Hydrotalcite Bionanocomposites as Paraben Sorbents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5294-5305. [PMID: 37022353 PMCID: PMC10849270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized several bionanocomposites of hydrotalcites containing carboxymethylcellulose as interlayer anion (HT-CMC) to be used as sorbents for parabens, a family of emergent pollutants (specifically, for 4-methyl-, 4-propyl- and 4-benzylparaben). Bionanocomposites were obtained by ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, fourier transform infrared and raman spectroscopies, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and X-ray fluorescence. All materials proved to be efficient sorbents for parabens through a process conforming to a pseudo second-order kinetics. The experimental adsorption data fitted the Freundlich model very closely and were also highly correlated with the Temkin model. The effects of pH, adsorbate concentration, amount of sorbent and temperature on the adsorption process was evaluated, obtaining the best results for methylparaben adsorption at pH 7, 25 mg of adsorbent and 348 K. The sorbent, HT-CMC-3, showed the highest adsorption capacity (>70%) for methylparaben. Furthermore, a reusability study showed that the bionanocomposite is reusable after its regeneration with methanol. The sorbent still retained its adsorption capacity for up to 5 times with a little loss of efficiency (<5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cosano
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y
el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Esquivel
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y
el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Salguero
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y
el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - César Jiménez-Sanchidrián
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y
el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y
el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Zhong T, Lin T, Zhang X, Jiang F, Chen H. Impact of biological activated carbon filtration and backwashing on the behaviour of PFASs in drinking water treatment plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130641. [PMID: 36580789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are present in surface water, tap water and even commercial drinking water and pose a risk to human health. In this study, the treatment efficiency of 14 PFASs was studied in a large drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using Taihu Lake as the source, and it was found that the ozone/biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) process was the most effective process for the removal of PFASs in DWTPs. For the O3-BAC process, there were differences in the removal of PFASs by BACs (1,4,7,13 years) of different ages. The sterilization experiments revealed that for GAC, its physical adsorption capacity reached saturation after one year, while for BAC with mature biofilms, biosorption was the main mechanism for the removal of PFASs. The abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria in biofilms was positively correlated with the age of the BAC. The microbial community with higher abundance is beneficial to the biodegradation of organic matter and thus provides more active sites for the adsorption of PFASs. PFASs can leak in the early stage of filtration after backwashing, so it is necessary to pay close attention to the influent and effluent concentrations of PFASs during biofilm maturation after backwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, PR China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, PR China
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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6
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Sunyer-Caldú A, Golovko O, Kaczmarek M, Asp H, Bergstrand KJ, Gil-Solsona R, Gago-Ferrero P, Diaz-Cruz MS, Ahrens L, Hultberg M. Occurrence and fate of contaminants of emerging concern and their transformation products after uptake by pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120958. [PMID: 36603758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recovery and reuse of nutrients is a major challenge in agriculture. A new process contributing to a circular economy is the anaerobic digestion of food waste, which is a sustainable way of recycling nutrients as the digestate can be used as fertiliser in agriculture and horticulture. However, the digestate may be polluted with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that can be circulated back into the food chain, posing a risk to the environment and human health. In this work, the nutrient solution was spiked with 18 selected CECs frequently detected in food waste biogas facilities, and subsequent uptake and fate of these CECs were evaluated in pak choi grown in two different nutrient solutions (mineral and organic). All spiked compounds except two (propylparaben, fenbendazole) were taken up by pak choi plants, with perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and sertraline displaying the highest concentrations (270 and 190 μg/kg fresh weight, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in uptake between mineral and organic nutrient solutions. Uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was negatively correlated with perfluorocarbon chain length and dependent on the functional group (r = -0.73). Sixteen transformation products (TPs) were tentatively identified using suspect screening, most of which were Phase II or even Phase III metabolites. Six of these TPs were identified for the first time in plant metabolism and their metabolic pathways were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michał Kaczmarek
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Asp
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Bergstrand
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Hultberg
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
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7
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Shen G, Lei S, Li H, Yu Q, Wu G, Shi Y, Xu K, Ren H, Geng J. Occurrence and removal of four artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:75-84. [PMID: 36476784 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners discharged into aquatic environments have raised concern because of their ubiquitous occurrence and potential biological effect. And some of them, such as sucralose (SUC) and acesulfame (ACE), have been identified as emerging contaminants. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as important sources and sinks of artificial sweeteners discharged into the environment. In this study, the occurrence and removal of four representative artificial sweeteners in 12 WWTPs located in different provinces of China were investigated. The results showed that artificial sweeteners were detected widely in the investigated WWTPs. The median concentrations of the four target artificial sweeteners were detected in influents at levels of 0.03-3.85 μg L-1 and decreased in the order of SUC > ACE > aspartame (APM) > neotame (NTM). Additionally, the per capita mass loads of total artificial sweeteners in the WWTPs could be affected by the location of the WWTPs and were higher in southern cities than in northern cities. It was also found that there was a distinct linear correlation between the per capita mass load of ACE in influents and population density. During the treatment of WWTPs, the overall removal efficiency of artificial sweeteners ranged from -116% to 99.1%. Among the target artificial sweeteners, SUC and ACE might have potential risk to aquatic environments based on the calculation of the risk quotient. Thus, advanced treatment processes were carried to further remove SUC and ACE to reduce their long-term cumulative effect. Overall, UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS showed a better effect than granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption in the removal of artificial sweeteners. The reaction constants of ACE by UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS were higher than those of SUC, which is related to molar extinction coefficients. Meanwhile, the adsorption ability of GAC adsorption for SUC was better than that of ACE, which is in correlation with the octanol-water partition coefficient. By comparison of removal efficiency, UV/PDS was considered as the most suitable advanced treatment process to remove ACE and SUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shaoting Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yufei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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8
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Cao Y, Li X, Yu G, Wang B. Regulating defective sites for pharmaceuticals selective removal: Structure-dependent adsorption over continuously tunable pores. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130025. [PMID: 36166908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient adsorbents with proper pore size for pharmaceutical removal is challenging. Water stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials within the three-dimensional frameworks, which have already aroused increasing attention for their potential advantages with high surface area and abundant channels. However, whether or not the existing ones are performing their full capacities needs to be seriously considered. Herein, we precisely designed a series of fine-tuning hierarchically porous materials based on the water-stable Zr-based MOFs. The adsorption capacity and uptake rate of as-synthesized materials for pharmaceuticals are significantly improved. Fifteen isostructural frameworks with increasing finely tuned pore structures were successfully constructed with seven monocarboxylic modulators of increasing alkyl chain lengths. A strong correlated relationship between the mesoporous proportion and trapping kinetics can be found. Adsorption performance of 17 pharmaceuticals with various typical categories has been systematically studied over these as-synthesized materials. Competitors in natural wastewater were studied systematically. The competitive adsorption can selectively trap the target compounds in HA (humic acid), BSA (bovine serum albumin), and BHB (bovine hemoglobin) by an efficient size exclusion effect. Thus, this study offers helpful guidance for MOF modification to enhance the removal of micropollutants in natural wastewater and a fundamental understanding of the porosity-performance relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Wang X, Liang X, Guo X. Global distribution and potential risks of artificial sweeteners (ASs) with widespread contaminant in the environment: The latest advancements and future development. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Chan WN, Harrison RG. Separation of perfluoroalkyl substances by ion chromatography with a resorcinarene stationary phase. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ning Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
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11
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Sörengård M, Travar I, Kleja D, Ahrens L. Fly ash-based waste for ex-situ landfill stabilization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-contaminated soil. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Ordonez D, Podder A, Valencia A, Sadmani AA, Reinhart D, Chang NB. Continuous fixed-bed column adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from canal water using zero-valent Iron-based filtration media. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Fenni F, Sunyer-Caldú A, Ben Mansour H, Diaz-Cruz MS. Contaminants of emerging concern in marine areas: First evidence of UV filters and paraben preservatives in seawater and sediment on the eastern coast of Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119749. [PMID: 35820572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UV filters (UVFs) and paraben preservatives (PBs) are widely used components in many personal care products. However, there has been a rising concern for their endocrine-disrupting effects on wildlife once they reach aquatic ecosystems via recreative activities and wastewater treatment plants effluents. This study addresses UVFs and PBs occurrence in seawater and sediment impacted by tourism and sewage discharges along the coast of Mahdia, center East Tunisia. Samples of water and sediment were collected for 6 months from 3 coastal areas. Among the 14 investigated UVFs, 8 were detected in seawater and 4 were found in sediment. All PBs were present in seawater and only methylparaben (MePB) was detected in sediment. Benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone, BP3), benzocaine (EtPABA), and MePB were present in all water samples with concentrations in the ranges 16.4-66.9, 7.3-37.7, and 17.6-222 ng/L, respectively. However, the highest value, 1420 ng/L, corresponded to octinoxate (EHMC). In sediments, avobenzone (AVO), 4-methyl benzylidene camphor (4MBC), EHMC, 5-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole (MeBZT), and MePB were detected at concentrations within the range 1.1-17.6 ng/g dw, being MePB the most frequently detected (89%). MePB and MBZT presented the highest sediment-water partition coefficients and MePB also showed a positive correlation with total suspended solids' water content. Overall, pollutants concentrations remained rather constant along the sampling period, showing little seasonal variation. This study constitutes the first monitoring of UVFs and PBs on the Tunisian coastline and provides occurrence data for reference in further surveys in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaws Fenni
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Celma A, Gago-Ferrero P, Golovko O, Hernández F, Lai FY, Lundqvist J, Menger F, Sancho JV, Wiberg K, Ahrens L, Bijlsma L. Are preserved coastal water bodies in Spanish Mediterranean basin impacted by human activity? Water quality evaluation using chemical and biological analyses. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107326. [PMID: 35696846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Spanish Mediterranean basin is particularly susceptible to climate change and human activities, making it vulnerable to the influence of anthropogenic contaminants. Therefore, conducting comprehensive and exhaustive water quality assessment in relevant water bodies of this basin is pivotal. In this work, surface water samples from coastal lagoons or estuaries were collected across the Spanish Mediterranean coastline and subjected to target and suspect screening of 1,585 organic micropollutants by liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility separation and high resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 91 organic micropollutants could be confirmed and 5 were tentatively identified, with pharmaceuticals and pesticides being the most prevalent groups of chemicals. Chemical analysis data was compared with data on bioanalysis of those samples (recurrent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, and estrogenic receptor (ER) inhibition in wetland samples affected by wastewater streams). The number of identified organic contaminants containing aromatic rings could explain the AhR activation observed. For the ER antagonistic effects, predictions on estrogenic inhibition potency for the detected compounds were used to explain the activities observed. The integration of chemical analysis with bioanalytical observations allowed a comprehensive overview of the quality of the water bodies under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló E-12071, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló E-12071, Spain
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló E-12071, Spain
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló E-12071, Spain.
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15
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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16
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Malnes D, Ahrens L, Köhler S, Forsberg M, Golovko O. Occurrence and mass flows of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and associated rivers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133825. [PMID: 35114267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a concern in aquatic environments due to possible adverse effects on the environment and humans. This study assessed the occurrence and mass flows of CECs in Sweden's three largest lakes and 24 associated rivers. The occurrence and distribution of 105 CECs was investigated, comprising 71 pharmaceuticals, 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), eight industrial chemicals, four personal care products (PCPs), three parabens, two pesticides, and four other CECs (mostly anthropogenic markers). This is the first systematic study of CECs in Sweden's main lakes and one of the first to report environmental concentrations of the industrial chemicals tributyl citrate acetate and 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl-ether. The ∑CEC concentration was generally higher in river water (31-5200 ng/L; median 440 ng/L) than in lake water (36-900 ng/L; median 190 ng/L). At urban lake sites, seasonal variations were observed for PCPs and parabens, and also for antihistamines, antidiabetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, and fungicides. The median mass CEC load in river water was 180 g/day (range 4.0-4300 g/day), with a total mass load of 5000 g/day to Lake Vänern, 510 g/day to Lake Vättern, and 5600 g/day to Lake Mälaren. All three lakes are used as drinking water reservoirs, so further investigations of the impact of CECs on the ecosystem and human health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden; Uppsala Water and Waste AB, Uppsala, SE, 754 50, Sweden
| | - Malin Forsberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
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17
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Golovko O, Kaczmarek M, Asp H, Bergstrand KJ, Ahrens L, Hultberg M. Uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals, and parabens by oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and exposure risk in human consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132898. [PMID: 34780735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (MPs) pose potential threats to environmental ecosystems and human health. This study investigated uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pharmaceuticals, and paraben by edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), cultivated on spiked growth substrate. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and paraben in substrate showed a decreasing trend over a 20-day harvesting period, whereas PFAS concentrations were variable over the harvesting period. However, only propylparaben, clarithromycin, and PFASs were detected in fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom. Uptake of PFASs by oyster mushroom fruit bodies was negatively correlated with perfluorocarbon chain length. An impact of MPs on fungal colonization was observed, with decreased respiration in treatments with the highest concentration of MPs, but production of fruiting bodies was not affected by exposure level. The potential human risk from ingestion of MPs was evaluated for oyster mushrooms exposed to the highest concentration of MPs in substrate, based on acceptable daily intake (ADI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michał Kaczmarek
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Asp
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Bergstrand
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Hultberg
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
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18
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Liu YT, Xia Q, Huang WW, Yi XS, Dong LL, Yang F. Comparison of pharmaceutical removal in two membrane bioreactors with/without powdered activated carbon addition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20958-20967. [PMID: 35919144 PMCID: PMC9302323 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the removal of six selected pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater in two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with and without powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition. Two approaches were carried out for obtaining different carbon dosages related to the influent: (1) with a fixed solids retention time (SRT) and varying PAC concentrations; (2) with varying SRTs and a fixed PAC concentration. The results reveal that a PAC dosage related to influent of 21 mg L−1 and SRT of 20 d are optimal. The first approach achieved a better removal performance than the second. The removal of amidotrizoic acid (up to 46%), bezafibrate (>92%) and iopromide (around 85%) were mainly caused by biological process, but were also enhanced by PAC addition. Efficient removal (>95%) of sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac were highly dependent on the PAC dosage. However, carbamazepine shows re-metabolization properties during biological processing. Decreasing the SRT as done in the second approach, not only increased the PAC amount, but also decreased the mass of activated sludge and reduced the capability to degrade complex organic matter. Consequently, biodegradability and adsorbability played decisive roles in the removal of each compound. The present study investigates the removal of six selected pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater in two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with and without powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Yi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue 58, 570228 Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China
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19
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Barisci S, Suri R. Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3442-3468. [PMID: 34928819 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Barisci
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
| | - Rominder Suri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
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20
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Ivančev-Tumbas I, Lužanin Z, Česen M, Bogunović M, Sekulić TD, Heath D, Heath E. Insight into selected emerging micropollutant interactions with wastewater colloidal organic carbon: implications for water treatment and analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59368-59381. [PMID: 33146819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports how adding a membrane filter (0.45-μm cellulose nitrate filter) between a glass fibre filter and the solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge affected the GC/MS analysis of 48 emerging organic micropollutants in wastewater. Most of them are widely used as active pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and packaging material ingredients including classes of parabens, benzophenones and bisphenols among other chemicals tested. A high artificial organic carbon (OC) content in wastewater (DOC = 280 ± 14 mg/L) was investigated to gain insight into micropollutants/colloidal OC filter cake interactions. The results show that even with the use of matrix-matched calibration, the introduction of a second (membrane) filtration step can affect the analysis. Both positive, negative and no effects on the theoretical concentrations calculated from the calibration curves with and without additional filtration were observed. Positive effects on the concentration for the same analyte peak area relative to its surrogate standard were the consequence of a reduced signal for the same concentration, while the negative effects are the consequence of increasing signal for the same concentration. Effect types were dependent on the concentration and the nature of the analytes. Results show that bisphenols and parabens significantly interact with colloidal OC. Statistical analysis of molecular descriptor distribution with effect type showed that micropollutants that have a stronger interaction with colloidal OC have significantly higher ability to act as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and have larger molar volume (MV). All compounds that experienced either positive or negative effects have a significantly higher median logD. However, further exploration within a single class of compounds (parabens, benzophenones and bisphenols) revealed that selected descriptors are unrelated to an effect type. Pearson's correlations showed that a correlation exists for certain concentration levels and groups of compounds between a negative effect and MV and logD and a positive effect with MV, MW and rotatable bond (RB) count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Zorana Lužanin
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marjeta Česen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Minja Bogunović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djaković Sekulić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Birgersson L, Jouve J, Jönsson E, Asker N, Andreasson F, Golovko O, Ahrens L, Sturve J. Thyroid function and immune status in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from lakes contaminated with PFASs or PCBs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112495. [PMID: 34265536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment contains a multitude of man-made chemicals, some of which can act as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), while others can be immunotoxic. We evaluated thyroid disruption and immunotoxic effects in wild female perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected from two contaminated areas in Sweden; one site contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and two sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with one reference site included for each area. The hepatic mRNA expression of thyroid receptors α and β, and the thyroid hormone metabolising iodothyronine deiodinases (dio1, dio2 and dio3) were measured using real-time PCR, while the levels of thyroid hormone T3 in plasma was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. In addition, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes were counted microscopically. Our results showed lower levels of T3 as well as lower amounts of lymphocytes and granulocytes in perch collected from the PFAS-contaminated site compared to reference sites. In addition, expressions of mRNA coding for thyroid hormone metabolising enzymes (dio2 and dio3) and thyroid receptor α (thra) were significantly different in these fish compared to their reference site. For perch collected at the two PCB-contaminated sites, there were no significant differences in T3 levels or in expression levels of the thyroid-related genes, compared to the reference fish. Fish from one of the PCB-contaminated sites had higher levels of thrombocytes compared with both the second PCB lake and their reference lake; hence PCBs are unlikely to be the cause of this effect. The current study suggests that lifelong exposure to PFASs could affect both the thyroid hormone status and immune defence of perch in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Justin Jouve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andreasson
- Department for Nature and Climate, County Administrative Board of Blekinge, SE-371 86 Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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22
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Copper and Zinc Removal Efficiency of Two Reactive Filter Media Treating Motorway Runoff—Model for Service Life Estimation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The predominant techniques used for road runoff treatment are sedimentation and filtration. In filtration systems, the ability of the media to adsorb the contaminants is a finite process. Consequently, construction, operation and maintenance managers of such systems should know in advance the service life, i.e., when the used medium should be replaced, and associated costs of operation and maintenance. A batch experiment followed by a packed bed reactor (PBR) experiment addressed the kinetics of the studied media argon oxygen decarburization slag (AOD) and Polonite, followed by the development of a 1D-model to describe the change of concentration of Cu and Zn within time. The batch test results showed that Cu and Zn adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherms for AOD and Polonite. Those results coupled with the linear driving force model and the developed model resulted in good agreement between the PBR results and the simulation. The model was capable to predict (i), the service life at the hydraulic load of 0.18 m/h for AOD (Cu: 395 d; Zn: 479 d) and Polonite (Cu: 445 d; Zn: 910 d), to show (ii) the profile concentration in the PBR within time and the gradient of the concentration along the height of the reactor.
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23
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Rao A, Kumar A, Dhodapkar R, Pal S. Adsorption of five emerging contaminants on activated carbon from aqueous medium: kinetic characteristics and computational modeling for plausible mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21347-21358. [PMID: 33415639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) do not have standard regulations for discharge in the environment and are categorized as contaminants of emerging concern as they pose potential threats to ecology as well as humans even at low concentrations. Conventional treatment processes generally employed in the wastewater treatment plants are not adequately engineered for effective removal of PPCPs. Identifying cost-effective tertiary treatment is therefore, important for complete removal of PPCPs from wastewater prior to discharge or reuse. Present study demonstrates adsorption using granular-activated carbon (GAC) as a possible tertiary treatment for simultaneous removal of five PPCPs from aqueous media. Adsorbent was characterized in terms of morphology, surface area, surface charge distribution, and presence of functional groups. Performance of GAC was investigated for sorption of three hydrophilic (ciprofloxacin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) and two hydrophobic (benzophenone and irgasan) PPCPs from aqueous solution varying the process parameters (initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, agitation time). Langmuir isotherm model (correlation coefficients (R2): 0.993 to 0.998) appeared to fit the isotherm data better than Temkin isotherm model for these adsorbates. Adsorption efficiencies of these compounds (8.26 to 20.40 mg g-1) were in accordance with their log Kow values. While the adsorption kinetics was best explained in terms of a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the data suggested that adsorption mechanism was mainly governed by the intraparticle diffusion. The role of physical factors like molecular volume, molecular size, and area of targeted PPCPs were investigated through computational studies which in turn can help predicting their uptake onto GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Rita Dhodapkar
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sukdeb Pal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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24
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Kah M, Oliver D, Kookana R. Sequestration and potential release of PFAS from spent engineered sorbents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142770. [PMID: 33071146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have contaminated land and water at numerous sites worldwide that now require remediation. The most common approach for treating contaminated water currently relies on removal of PFAS by sorption. The spent sorbents loaded with PFAS can potentially be disposed of at landfills, provided the sorbed contaminants remain sequestered and certain risk criteria are met. Hence, it is essential that remediation sorbents (i) rapidly adsorb a large variety of PFAS under varying water chemistry conditions, and (ii) do not release the adsorbed PFAS in due course. This review aims at establishing the current state of knowledge about the potential release of PFAS that may occur during and after treatment. The scientific literature currently provides data for a very restricted range of long-chain PFAS. Our knowledge of the dynamics of PFAS adsorption processes on engineered sorbents is limited, and even less is known about their desorption processes. The sorption of PFAS can be strongly affected by changes in the solution pH, ionic strength and dissolved organic matter content, and the process is also subject to complex competition mechanisms in the presence of other PFAS as well as organic contaminants and inorganic salts. Several studies suggest that changes in one or several of these factors may trigger the release of PFAS from engineered sorbents. This phenomenon is more likely to occur for PFAS with shorter carbon chain lengths (<C8), at high pH and in the presence of other PFAS or other anionic sorbates. The release of PFAS from spent sorbent materials, stored or deposited under conditions that vary over time, is highly undesirable, as they can potentially become a secondary source of PFAS in the environment. Our analysis identifies a number of knowledge-gaps that should be urgently addressed in order to design sustainable remediation solutions, including an improved management of spent sorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kah
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Danielle Oliver
- CSIRO, Land & Water, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Rai Kookana
- CSIRO, Land & Water, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Locked bag 1, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia
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25
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Golovko O, Örn S, Sörengård M, Frieberg K, Nassazzi W, Lai FY, Ahrens L. Occurrence and removal of chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving water systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142122. [PMID: 32920399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered the main sources of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments, and can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. In this study, WWTP influent, effluent, and sludge, and upstream and downstream waters from the WWTP recipient were investigated at 15 locations for a total of 164 CECs, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and pesticides. In addition, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity tests (ZFET) were applied to WWTP influent and effluent, and upstream and downstream waters from WWTP recipients. A total of 119 CECs were detected in at least one sample, mean concentrations ranging from 0.11 ng/L (propylparaben) to 64,000 ng/L (caffeine), in wastewater samples and from 0.44 ng/L (ciprofloxacin) to 19,000 ng/L (metformin) in surface water samples. Large variations of CEC concentrations were found between the selected WWTPs, which can be explained by differences in CEC composition in influent water and WWTP treatment process. The sludge-water partitioning coefficient (Kd) of CECs showed a significant linear correlation to octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) (p < 0.001), and thus could be used for predicting their fate in the aqueous and solid phase. The ΣCEC concentrations in WWTPs declined by on average 60%, based on comparisons of WWTP influent and effluent concentrations. The high concentrations of CECs in WWTP effluent resulted in, on average, 50% higher concentrations of CECs in water downstream of WWTPs compared with upstream. Some WWTP samples showed toxicity in ZFET compared with the respective control group, but no individual CECs or groups of CECs could explain this toxicity. These results could provide a theoretical basis for optimization of existing treatment systems of different designs, and could significantly contribute to protecting recipient waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Winnie Nassazzi
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Sörengård M, Gago-Ferrero P, B Kleja D, Ahrens L. Laboratory-scale and pilot-scale stabilization and solidification (S/S) remediation of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123453. [PMID: 32707463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is critical due to the high persistence and mobility of these compounds. In this study, stabilization and solidification (S/S) treatment was evaluated at pilot-scale using 6 tons of soil contaminated with PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam. At pilot-scale, long-term PFAS removal over 6 years of precipitation (simulated using irrigation) in leachate from non-treated contaminated reference soil and S/S-treated soil with 15 % binder and 0.2 % GAC was compared. PFAS removal rate from leachate, corresponding to reduction in leaching potential after 6 years, was >97 % for four dominant PFASs (perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)), but low (3%) for short-chain perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA). During the pilot-scale experiment, PFAS sorption strength (i.e., soil-water partitioning coefficient (Kd)) increased 2- to 40-fold for both reference and S/S-treated soil, to much higher levels than in laboratory-scale tests. However, PFAS behavior in pilot-scale and laboratory-scale tests was generally well-correlated (p < 0.001), which will help in future S/S recipe optimization. In addition, seven PFASs were tentatively identified using an automated suspect screening approach. Among these, perfluorohexanesulfonamide and 3:2 fluorotelomer alcohol were tentatively identified and the latter had low removal rates from leachate (<12 %) in S/S treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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Wang Q, Yang M, Qi X, Wang J, Sun K, Li Z, Deng G. A novel graphene oxide decorated with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs/GO) composite used for the removal of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in a wide pH range. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel HNTs/GO composite used for the removal of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaodan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiexue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhonghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guowei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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28
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Golovko O, Rehrl AL, Köhler S, Ahrens L. Organic micropollutants in water and sediment from Lake Mälaren, Sweden. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127293. [PMID: 32535449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 111 organic micropollutants (OMPs) were evaluated in water and sediment samples from Lake Mälaren, Sweden, using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The partitioning of contaminants between lake compartments was estimated using solid water distribution coefficients (Kd) and organic carbon-water partitioning coefficients (KOC). In total, 30 and 24 OMPs were detected in lake water and sediment, respectively. Concentrations ranged from low ng/L to 89 ng/L (lamotrigine) in lake water and from low ng/g dry weight (dw) to 28 ng/g dw (citalopram) in sediment. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, caffeine, and tolyltriazole were the dominant compounds in Lake Mälaren samples (both water and sediment). Seventeen OMPs were detected in both water and sediment samples, including carbamazepine, DEET, tolyltriazole, bicalutamide, caffeine, lamotrigine, and cetirizine. Log Kd values varied between 0.84 for lamotrigine and 4.4 for citalopram, while log KOC values varied between 2.1 for lamotrigine and 5.9 for citalopram. These results indicate that sorption to sediment plays a minor role in removal of all OMPs analyzed in the aqueous phase except for citalopram and cetirizine, which showed high sorption potential. The environmental risks of OMPs were assessed based on the RQ values. The worst-case scenario for environmental risk assessment was conducted using the maximum measured environment concentration. For most of the target OMPs, including tolyltriazole, bicalutamide, fexofenadine, oxazepam, cetirizine, and diclofenac, the RQ values were below 0.01, indicating low or no risk to lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Lena Rehrl
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Tagliavini M, Weidler PG, Njel C, Pohl J, Richter D, Böhringer B, Schäfer AI. Polymer-based spherical activated carbon - ultrafiltration (UF-PBSAC) for the adsorption of steroid hormones from water: Material characteristics and process configuration. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116249. [PMID: 32777598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European Union has proposed the value of 1 ng L-1 as a drinking water quality standard for estradiol. With conventional technologies only partially removing estradiol, the investigation of novel alternatives is more than ever required. Tagliavini and Schäfer proposed that the use of a thin activated carbon layer combined with a membrane is worth considering. In this work, the process was further advanced through a systematic investigation of the role of activated carbon size, activation and surface chemistry on the removal of estradiol. The use of smaller carbon particles allows reaching the ambitious target value of 1 ng L-1 in a millimetric layer. Further, adsorption kinetic enhancement by increasing the oxygen content on the carbon improves the removal from 96 to 99 % (for a layer of 2 mm) for OH-containing pollutants such as estradiol. High removal, together with low pressure and no by-product formation, are characteristics that make the UF-PBSAC a promising and competitive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tagliavini
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Georg Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- Blücher GmbH, Mettmanner Straße 25, 40699 Erkrath, Germany
| | - Dennis Richter
- Blücher GmbH, Mettmanner Straße 25, 40699 Erkrath, Germany
| | | | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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30
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Moreira VR, Lebron YAR, da Silva MM, de Souza Santos LV, Jacob RS, de Vasconcelos CKB, Viana MM. Graphene oxide in the remediation of norfloxacin from aqueous matrix: simultaneous adsorption and degradation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34513-34528. [PMID: 32557024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the simultaneous adsorption degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) by graphene oxide from aqueous matrix was verified. Graphene oxide (GO, ~ 8 layers) was prepared using modified Hummers method through the oxidation/exfoliation of expanded graphite. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the NOR adsorption onto GO surface and the partial antibiotic degradation promoted by hydroxyl radicals derived from GO. Furthermore, the mass spectra after the adsorption-degradation processes showed NOR degradation intermediates that was compared and confirmed by other studies. The nanomaterial showed a removal capacity of 374.9 ± 29.8 mg g-1, observing greater contribution from the NOR in the zwitterionic form and removals up to 94.8%. The intraparticle diffusion process, assessed by Boyd's model and Fick's law, presented a greater contribution in the removal process, reaching the equilibrium 30 min after the beginning. In addition, the temperature increase would disadvantage the process, which was considered thermodynamically viable throughout the evaluated temperature range. Finally, the process was scaled-up in a single stage batch adsorber considering a NOR removal efficiency of 95%. This resulted in mass requirement of 63.6 g of GO in order to treat 0.5 m3 of contaminated water. In general, the simultaneous adsorption-degradation process was considered innovative and promising in pharmaceutical compounds remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Marielle Mara da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Karina Barbosa de Vasconcelos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Machado Viana
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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31
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Liu G, Dong B, Zhou J, Li J, Jin R, Wang J. Facilitated bioreduction of nitrobenzene by lignite acting as low-cost and efficient electron shuttle. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125978. [PMID: 31995734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The searching for efficient and economical redox mediators to promote the treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant organic compounds is greatly needed. In this study, the redox mediator activities of four different lignite samples to facilitate the bioreduction of nitrobenzene by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were tested for the first time. The initial nitrobenzene reduction rate was increased by 40.4%-90.3% in the presence of 50 mg/L of different lignite samples. Lignite collected from Xinjiang (XJL) having more oxygenated groups performed better in enhancing nitrobenzene bioreduction. The stimulating effects increased with the increase of lignite dosage (0-200 mg/L) and the decrease of lignite particle size (150-0.1 μm). However, the pristine XJL samples with assorted sizes of particles exhibited better stimulating effects than size-fractionated ones, implying that different-sized XJL particles might have synergetic effects on the bioreduction process. When humic acid or iron was removed from XJL, its promoting effects were decreased, demonstrating the crucial roles of both components in lignite-enhanced nitrobenzene bioreduction. Nitric acid treatment could form more oxygenated moieties on lignite surface, which played vital roles in promoting nitrobenzene bioreduction. The initial nitrobenzene bioreduction rate in the presence of HNO3-treated XJL was 80.8% higher than that obtained with pristine XJL. This study proposed an effective and readily available redox mediator that could be applied to promote the bioreduction of recalcitrant electrophilic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Shanxi Academy for Environmental Planning, Taiyuan 030002, PR China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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32
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Rehrl AL, Golovko O, Ahrens L, Köhler S. Spatial and seasonal trends of organic micropollutants in Sweden's most important drinking water reservoir. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126168. [PMID: 32086062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the surface water in Lake Mälaren over a period of one year and assess the spatial (horizontal and vertical) distribution and seasonal trends of OMPs. The applied multi-residue method comprised 111 OMPs covering compounds with wide range of physicalal-chemical properties. In total, 46 OMPs were detected at least once above limit of quantification (LOQ). DEET (diethyltoluamide), lamotrigine, bicalutamide, tolyltriazole, caffeine, carbamazepine, metoprolol, oxazepam, cetirizine, fexofenadine, lidocaine and tramadol were detected in more than 75% of the sampling points. The highest detected concentration was found for lamotrigine with 140 ng/L. The locations Ekoln and Västeråsfjärden were identified to be most affected by OMPs pollution. In the surface water (0.5 m depth) most highest concentrations of OMPs were observed in spring and lower concentrations in summer. Antihistamine demonstrated a seasonal trend that can be related to seasonal consumption patterns. The investigation of the vertical distribution of OMPs demonstrated that thermal lake stratification can lead to different concentrations within the water column. For instance, in February the highest concentration for most OMPs was observed in the deepest sampled water depth (30 m). Two industrial chemicals, tolyltriazole and tris(2-butoxylethyl)phosphate were detected frequently and it is recommended to incorporate these compounds more regularly in future analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one to report the occurrence and distribution of OMPs representing such wide physico-chemical properties, including industrial chemicals, in a Swedish lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Rehrl
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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33
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Zeng C, Atkinson A, Sharma N, Ashani H, Hjelmstad A, Venkatesh K, Westerhoff P. Removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwaters using activated carbon and ion exchange resin packed columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Ariel Atkinson
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Naushita Sharma
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Harsh Ashani
- Corona Environmental Consulting Fremont California
| | - Annika Hjelmstad
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Krishishvar Venkatesh
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology‐Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
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34
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Dixit F, Barbeau B, Mostafavi SG, Mohseni M. Efficient removal of GenX (HFPO-DA) and other perfluorinated ether acids from drinking and recycled waters using anion exchange resins. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121261. [PMID: 31574386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic GenX chemicals, heptafluoropropylene-oxide-dimer-acid (HFPO-DA), have been recently detected in surface, ground and recycled water sources worldwide. However, GenX removals under the influence of variable characteristics of the organic and inorganic compounds present in the natural water sources, have often been overlooked in scientific literature. This is critically important given that the ionic composition and characteristics of organic matter in natural waters are spatially and seasonally variable. A strongly basic anion exchange (IX) resin was used to remove GenX and two other perfluorinated ether acids (PFEAS) from natural surface and recycled water sources. Factors influencing the uptake behavior included the PFEAS concentrations, resin dosage, and background anion characteristics. The equivalent background compound was employed to evaluate the competitive uptake between natural organic matter (NOM), inorganic ions and PFEAS in natural water matrices. Experimental data were compared with different mathematical and physical models and it was depicted that approximately 4-6% of the initial NOM competed with PFEAS for active exchange sites. Further, IX was able to achieve complete PFEAS removal (Cfinal<10 ng/L) with simultaneous removal of>60% NOM and >80% inorganic ions. Results of this study indicate that IX exhibits great potential for PFEAS removal from natural drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhar Dixit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shadan Ghavam Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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35
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Bachour RL, Golovko O, Kellner M, Pohl J. Behavioral effects of citalopram, tramadol, and binary mixture in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124587. [PMID: 31425864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are emerging as environmentally problematic compounds. As they are often not appropriately removed by sewage treatment plants, pharmaceutical compounds end up in surface water environments worldwide at concentrations in the ng to μg L-1 range. There is a need to further explore single compound and mixture effects using e.g. in vivo test model systems. We have investigated, for the first time, behavioral effects in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to a binary mixture of an antidepressant drug (citalopram) and a synthetic opioid (tramadol). Citalopram and tramadol have a similar mode of action (serotonin reuptake inhibition) and are known to produce drug-drug interactional effects resulting in serotonin syndrome (SS) in humans. Zebrafish embryo-larvae were exposed to citalopram, tramadol and 1:1 binary mixture from fertilization until 144 h post-fertilization. No effects on heart rate, spontaneous tail coiling, or death/malformations were observed in any treatment at tested concentrations. Behavior (hypoactivity in dark periods) was on the other hand affected, with lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) of 373 μg L-1 for citalopram, 320 μg L-1 for tramadol, and 473 μg L-1 for the 1:1 mixture. Behavioral EC50 was calculated to be 471 μg L-1 for citalopram, 411 μg L-1 for tramadol, and 713 μg L-1 for the 1:1 mixture. The results of this study conclude that tramadol and citalopram produce hypoactivity in 144 hpf zebrafish larvae. Further, a 1:1 binary mixture of the two caused the same response, albeit at a higher concentration, possibly due to SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raougina-Laouisa Bachour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Kellner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johannes Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Sörengård M, Campos-Pereira H, Ullberg M, Lai FY, Golovko O, Ahrens L. Mass loads, source apportionment, and risk estimation of organic micropollutants from hospital and municipal wastewater in recipient catchments. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:931-941. [PMID: 31519102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the occurrence and sources of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aquatic environments is essential for environmental risk assessment and adequate interventions to secure good status of aquatic environments. The occurrence and source apportionment of 77 OMPs in the River Fyris catchment (Uppsala, Sweden) were investigated by comparing hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and surface water. Hospital wastewater was identified as an important source for some classes of OMPs, e.g., antibiotics (number of OMPs (n) = 6) and antidepressants (n = 4), contributing 38% and 31%, respectively, of the mass loads in total WWTP influent. Painkillers (n = 5) and hormones (n = 3), originating mainly from urban Uppsala, contributed 94% and 95%, respectively. WWTP removal efficiency varied from 100% for acetaminophen to <0% for i.e. clindamycin, lamotrigine, bicalutamide, and sucralose. In the recipient River Fyris, the ΣOMP concentration downstream of the WWTP (738 ng L-1) was more than double that upstream (338 ng L-1), demonstrating the high impact of the WWTP on recipient water quality. Surface water risk quotients (RQs) showed a moderate risk of adverse chronic effects (RQ > 0.1) for trimethoprim, norsertraline, and metoprolol downstream of the WWTP, and for norsertraline in the recipient river upstream and Lake Ekoln downstream of the WWTP. Recipient metoprolol and trimethoprim, compounds poorly removed in the WWTP, mainly (>90%) originated from wastewater from urban Uppsala, whereas recipient norsertraline originated upstream of the city. No risk compound was apparently sourced from hospital wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Sörengård
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P. O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hugo Campos-Pereira
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Ullberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P. O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P. O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P. O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P. O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ng A, Weerakoon D, Lim E, Padhye LP. Fate of environmental pollutants. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1294-1325. [PMID: 31502369 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This annual review covers the literature published in 2018 on topics related to the occurrence and fate of environmental pollutants in wastewater. Due to the vast amount of literature published on this topic, we have discussed only a portion of the quality research publications, due to the limitation of space. The abstract search was carried out using Web of Science, and the abstracts were selected based on their relevance. In a few cases, full-text articles were referred to understand new findings better. This review is divided into the following sections: antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), drugs of abuse (DoAs), estrogens, heavy metals, microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), pesticides, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), with the addition of two new classes of pollutants to previous years (DoAs and PFAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dilieka Weerakoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin Lim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sörengård M, Niarchos G, Jensen PE, Ahrens L. Electrodialytic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal mechanism for contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:224-231. [PMID: 31154183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a global problem, in particular at fire-fighter training sites due to the usage of PFAS-containing aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFFs). In this study, an electrodialytic remediation method was applied for the first time to remove PFASs from contaminated soil. The electrodialytic remediation system was evaluated in a laboratory-scale experiment with current densities of 0.19 mA cm-2 and 0.38 mA cm-2 over 21 days, using PFAS-contaminated soil from a fire-fighter training site at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden. Of the 23 PFASs targeted, significant (p < 0.05) PFAS electromigration towards the anode was observed for C3-C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFOA) and C4, C6, and C8 perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) (PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) since these PFASs were predominantly negatively charged. In contrast to the electromigration of the charged PFASs, N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (MeFOSA), perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (FOSAA) and ethyl FOSAA (EtFOSAA) showed significant (p < 0.05) transport towards the cathode, which is probably attributed to electro-osmotic flow of these predominantly neutral PFASs. Mass balance calculations showed that for the shortest-chained PFASs (i.e., PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFBS, and PFHxS), up to 20% was extracted from the soil to the anolyte, which showed that electrodialysis is a possible in-situ remediation technique for PFAS-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Sörengård
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, P. O. Box 7050, SE, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Georgios Niarchos
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, P. O. Box 7050, SE, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernille Erland Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil Engineering, Brovej, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, P. O. Box 7050, SE, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang W, Gago-Ferrero P, Gao Q, Ahrens L, Blum K, Rostvall A, Björlenius B, Andersson PL, Wiberg K, Haglund P, Renman G. Evaluation of five filter media in column experiment on the removal of selected organic micropollutants and phosphorus from household wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:920-928. [PMID: 31279249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale column experiment was performed to study the removal of 31 selected organic micropollutants (MPs) and phosphorus by lignite, xyloid lignite (Xylit), granular activated carbon (GAC), Polonite® and sand over a period of 12 weeks. In total 29 out of the 31 MPs showed removal efficiency >90% by GAC with an average removal of 97 ± 6%. Xylit and lignite were less efficient with an average removal of 80 ± 28% and 68 ± 29%, respectively. The removal efficiency was found to be impacted by the characterization of the sorbents and physicochemical properties of the compounds, as well as the interaction between the sorbents and compounds. For instance, Xylit and lignite performed well for relatively hydrophobic (log octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) ≥3) MPs, while the removal efficiency of moderately hydrophilic, highly hydrophilic and negatively charged MPs were lower. The organic sorbents were found to have more functional groups at their surfaces, which might explain the higher adsorption of MPs to these sorbents. The removal of several MPs improved after four weeks in sand, Xylit, GAC and lignite which may be related to increased biological activity and biofilm development. GAC and sand had limited ability to remove phosphorus (12 ± 27% and 14 ± 2%, respectively), while the calcium-silicate material Polonite® precipitated phosphorus efficiently and increased the total phosphorus removal from 12% to 96% after the GAC filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Qiuju Gao
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kristin Blum
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ande Rostvall
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Berndt Björlenius
- Dept. of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik L Andersson
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Peter Haglund
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Gunno Renman
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Modelling Phosphorus Sorption Kinetics and the Longevity of Reactive Filter Materials Used for On-Site Wastewater Treatment. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of reactive filter media (RFM) is an emerging technology in small-scale wastewater treatment to improve phosphorus (P) removal and filter material longevity for making this technology sustainable. In this study, long-term sorption kinetics and the spatial dynamics of sorbed P distribution were simulated in replaceable P-filter bags filled with 700 L of reactive material and used in real on-site treatment systems. The input data for model calibration were obtained in laboratory trials with Filtralite P®, Polonite® and Top16. The P concentration breakthrough threshold value was set at an effluent/influent (C/C0) ratio of 1 and simulations were performed with P concentrations varying from 1 to 25 mg L−1. The simulation results showed that influent P concentration was important for the breakthrough and longevity, and that Polonite performed best, followed by Top16 and Filtralite P. A 100-day break in simulated intermittent flow allowed the materials to recover, which for Polonite involved slight retardation of P saturation. The simulated spatial distribution of P accumulated in the filter bags showed large differences between the filter materials. The modelling insights from this study can be applied in design and operation of on-site treatment systems using reactive filter materials.
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Dalahmeh SS, Alziq N, Ahrens L. Potential of biochar filters for onsite wastewater treatment: Effects of active and inactive biofilms on adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in laboratory column experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:155-164. [PMID: 30669083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of biochar filters as a replacement for, or complement to, sand filters for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from wastewater in on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). Concentrations and removal of nine perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs; C3-11) and three perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs; C4, 6, 8) and one perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA; C8) were investigated over 22 weeks in four treatments with column filters: biochar (BC) without biofilm (BC-no-biofilm), biochar with active biofilm (BC-active-biofilm), biochar with inactive biofilm (BC-inactive-biofilm) and sand with active biofilm (Sand-active-biofilm). The filters were operated under hydraulic loading (50 L m-2 day-1) to mimic the loading rate in on-site filtration beds. The initial concentrations of the ΣPFASs in the influent were in the range of 1500-4900 ng L-1. In BC-no-biofilm, the removal efficiency (20-60%) and adsorption capacity (0-88 ng ΣPFASs g-1 BC) of short-chain PFCAs (C3-6) and PFSA (C4) was low, whereas the removal efficiency (90-99%) and the adsorption capacity (73-168 ng g-1) was high for C7-C11 PFCAs, C6, C8 PFSAs and FOSA. The relative removal was generally lower for C3-9 PFCAs and C4, C6, C8 PFSAs using BC-active-biofilm and BC-inactive-biofilm compared with BC-no-biofilm. This can be explained by the presence of biofilm and solids in BC-active-biofilm and the presence of wastewater solids in BC-inactive-biofilm, which decreased the availability and number of adsorption sites for PFASs compared with BC-no-biofilm. On the other hand, inactivation of the biofilm resulted in lower removal efficiencies for C5-11 PFCAs, C4, C6, C8 PFSAs and FOSA, probably because the biofilm degraded organic matter and thus increased the availability and number of adsorption sites compared with BC-inactive-biofilm. Sand-active-biofilm showed poor removal (0-70%) for all PFASs except FOSA (90%) and its adsorption capacity was low (0.0-7.5 ng g-1). In general, for all biochar treatments, shorter-chain PFASs were more resistant to removal than longer-chain PFASs. In addition, C4, C6 and C8 PFSAs showed 10-30%, 10-50% and 20-30% higher average removal efficiency, respectively, than PFCAs with corresponding perfluoroalkyl chain length. In conclusion, biochar is a promising filter medium for removal of PFASs in OWTSs, especially for PFASs with a perfluorocarbon chain longer than C6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Dalahmeh
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nancy Alziq
- Centre for Water and Environment, Royal Scientific Society, Box 1438, 11941, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Luo J, Zhang Q, Cao M, Wu L, Cao J, Fang F, Li C, Xue Z, Feng Q. Ecotoxicity and environmental fates of newly recognized contaminants-artificial sweeteners: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1149-1160. [PMID: 30759555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are used in countless application in daily life. ASs are newly recognized as pollutants due to their high detection frequency in various environmental media, which has aroused great concern. This review presents the current knowledge of AS ecotoxicity and possible elimination routes in the environment. The obtained results indicate that the negative impacts of ASs are more severe than previously expected. More attention should be paid to the chronic and metabolite toxicities of ASs. Moreover, numerous processes (physical, chemical and biological) have been reported to be able to degrade ASs. However, the elimination efficiency varies greatly depending on the specific AS and the particular experimental conditions. Cyclamate and saccharin are easily removed, while sucralose and acesulfame are generally persistent. Additionally, there is a large gap in the ASs removal efficiency between bench tests and full-scale studies. The potential for microbial degradation of persistent ASs was reported in some regions, but clarification of the underlying mechanisms is necessary to increase the likelihood of using this approach in wide applications with a satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University Wentian College, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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43
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Gao Q, Blum KM, Gago-Ferrero P, Wiberg K, Ahrens L, Andersson PL. Impact of on-site wastewater infiltration systems on organic contaminants in groundwater and recipient waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1670-1679. [PMID: 30317168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-site sewage treatment facilities, particularly septic systems combined with soil infiltration, can be an important source of emerging organic contaminants in groundwater and surface water and thus represent a significant source of environmental and human exposure. Two infiltration systems in Åre municipality, Sweden, were examined to assess the occurrence of contaminants in groundwater and their fate and transport during infiltration. Groundwater samples, recipient surface water samples, and wastewater samples from septic tanks were collected from 2016 to 2017 covering all climatological seasons. These samples were analysed for a total of 103 contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, organic phosphorus flame-retardants, plasticisers, perfluoroalkyl substances, and food additives. Fourteen of 103 contaminants showed 100% detection frequency in groundwater at concentrations in the low ng L-1 to low μg L-1 range. Of the compounds analysed, tris(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate, sucralose, caffeine, and benzophenone showed high abundancy with maximum concentrations in the μg L-1 range. The data were normalised for dilution using chloride and sucralose as commonly applied tracers; however, the level of sucralose decreased significantly during infiltration and it is thus suboptimal as a sewage water tracer. Large differences between the two infiltration sites were observed in detection frequencies and concentrations in groundwater, which could be attributed to the system design and the contaminant's migration time from release to sampling point. Seasonal variation was observed for selected chemicals, and the more hydrophobic chemicals showed a higher tendency for attenuation, indicating sorption as a major retention mechanism. A moderate environmental risk to aquatic organisms was estimated in adjacent surface water for galaxolide, tris(1‑chloro‑2‑propyl) phosphate, and tris(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate. Due to this site-dependency and potential environmental risks, further studies are needed on infiltration systems in different settings and on alternative treatment techniques to reduce the contaminant discharge from on-site sewage treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Gao
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristin M Blum
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-756 55 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-756 55 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-756 55 Uppsala, Sweden
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Delhiraja K, Vellingiri K, Boukhvalov DW, Philip L. Development of Highly Water Stable Graphene Oxide-Based Composites for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Delhiraja
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Kowsalya Vellingiri
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Danil W. Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ligy Philip
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
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45
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Rosenmai AK, Lundqvist J, Gago-Ferrero P, Mandava G, Ahrens L, Wiberg K, Oskarsson A. Effect-based assessment of recipient waters impacted by on-site, small scale, and large scale waste water treatment facilities - combining passive sampling with in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17200. [PMID: 30464315 PMCID: PMC6249289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste water treatment facilities are a major sources of organic micropollutants (MPs) in surface water. In this study, surface water samples were collected from seven sites along a river system in Uppsala, Sweden, during four seasons and evaluated based on the occurrence of MPs in the samples and bioactivity using in vitro bioassays. The sampling sites were differentially impacted by on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs), small scale, and large scale waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). The bioassays used included activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and androgen receptor (AR). Occurrence of 80 MPs, were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Most water samples induced AhR activity, and all sampling sites showed a similar profile regarding this activity. With the exception of one water sample, we did not detect any NFkB, Nrf2 or AR activity of the water samples. The exception was a sample impacted by OSSFs, which showed an activity in multiple bioassays, but the activity could not be explained by the occurrence of target MPs. The occurrence of MPs showed a spatial trend, with the highest number and amount of MPs detected in the samples collected downstream of the WWTPs, where up to 47 MPs were detected in one single sample. A seasonal variation was observed with highest levels of MPs and highest AhR activities in samples collected in June and September 2015. However, neither the seasonal activity nor the on-site activity could be explained by the measured MPs, suggesting unknown contributory agents in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geeta Mandava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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