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Xu P, Liu J, Yi Y, Cai Z, Yin Y, Cai W, Zhang J, Gong Z, Xiao Y. A dew-responsive pectin-based herbicide for enhanced photodynamic inactivation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122114. [PMID: 38670775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been fully demonstrated as a biodegradable, without resistance, and pollution-free pesticide. However, the lack of targeting and the poor adhesion result in a low utilization rate, limiting its practical application. Herein, a dew-responsive polymer pro-pesticide Pec-hyd-ALA was successfully synthesized by grafting 5-ALA onto the pectin (PEC) backbone via acid-sensitive acylhydrazone bonds. When the pro-pesticide is exposed to acid dew on plant surfaces at night, 5-ALA is released and subsequently converted to photosensitize (Protoporphyrin IX, PpIX)in plant cells, leading to its accumulation and promoting photodynamic inactivation (PDI). An inverted fluorescence microscope has verified the accumulation of tetrapyrrole in plant cells. In addition, the highly bio-adhesive PEC backbone effectively improved the wetting and retention of 5-ALA on leaves. The pot experiment also demonstrated the system's control effect on barnyard grass. This work provides a promising approach to improving the herbicidal efficacy of 5-ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Weihai Research Institute, Weihai 264300, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Ying Yi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Weihai Research Institute, Weihai 264300, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhi Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
| | - Yihua Yin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Weihai Research Institute, Weihai 264300, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Weiquan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingli Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhixia Gong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Weihai Research Institute, Weihai 264300, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yaqi Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Wuhan University of Technology Weihai Research Institute, Weihai 264300, Shandong, PR China
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2
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Orlando RM, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Electroextraction of methylene blue from aqueous environmental samples using paper points coupled with hollow fiber membranes. Talanta 2024; 273:125849. [PMID: 38490026 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a novel approach by coupling paper points with hollow fiber membrane for electroextraction (PP-HF-EE). The method was innovatively applied to extract methylene blue (MB) from large water volumes (up to 580 mL). A comprehensive study of six key parameters - organic filter, acceptor and donor phase composition, extraction time, applied voltage, and sample volume - was conducted using conventional flatbed scanning and digital image analysis. Our results revealed that extraction performance was primarily influenced by time, with low voltages (50 V) and low-conductivity organic filters (1-decanol) yielding comparable results to higher settings (300 V or 1-pentanol). Under optimized conditions (50 V, 60 min, 1-decanol as the organic filter), analytical performance parameters were assessed, demonstrating acceptable precision (RSD <18% for intra- and inter-day measurements) within a linear range of 5-100 μg L-1 (r = 0.98). PP-HF-EE demonstrated reliability through stable and reproducible electric current measurements during all extraction studies. Utilizing an extremely cost-effective detection system, PP-HF-EE achieved detection limits in the low ppb range, highlighting its potential as a promising variation of electromembrane extraction for environmental sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mathias Orlando
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Separations, LaMS, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Viana JDS, Kubáň P, Botelho BG, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction of malachite green from surface water and its determination using digital imaging and chemometric tools. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel method for the quantification of malachite green (MG), a pervasive cationic dye, in surface water by synergizing multiphase electroextraction (MPEE) with digital image analysis (DIA) and partial least square discriminant analysis. Aimed at addressing the limitations of conventional DIA methods in terms of quantitation limits and selectivity, this study achieves a significant breakthrough in the preconcentration of MG using magnesium silicate as a novel sorbent. Demonstrating exceptional processing efficiency, the method allows for the analysis of 10 samples within 20 min, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and specificity (over 0.95 and 0.90, respectively) across 156 samples in both training and test sets. Notably, the method detects MG at low concentrations (0.2 µg L-1) in complex matrices, highlighting its potential for broader application in environmental monitoring. This approach not only underscores the method's cost-effectiveness and simplicity but also its precision, making it a valuable tool for the preliminary testing of MG in surface waters. This study underscores the synergy among MPEE, DIA, and chemometric tools, presenting a cost-efficient and reliable alternative for the sensitive detection of water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Dos Santos Viana
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Botelho
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Toth J, Fugère V, Yargeau V. Relationship between stream size, watershed land use, and pesticide concentrations in headwater streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123940. [PMID: 38599268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative multiresidue study of current-use pesticides in multiple matrices was undertaken with field sampling at 32 headwater streams near Lac Saint-Pierre in Québec, Canada. A total of 232 samples were collected in five campaigns of stream waters and streambed sediments from streams varying in size and watershed land use. Novel multiresidue analytical methods from previous work were successfully applied for the extraction of pesticide residues from sediments via pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and quantitative analysis using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with online sample preparation on a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) column. Of the 31 target compounds, including 29 pesticides and two degradation products of atrazine, 29 compounds were detected at least once. Consistent with other studies, atrazine and metolachlor were the most widely-detected herbicides. Detections were generally higher in water than sediment samples and the influence of land use on pesticide concentrations was only detectable in water samples. Small streams with a high proportion of agricultural land use in their watershed were generally found to have the highest pesticide concentrations. Corn and soybean monoculture crops, specifically, were found to cause the greatest impact on pesticide concentration in headwater streams and correlated strongly with many of the most frequently detected pesticides. This study highlights the importance of performing multiresidue pesticide monitoring programs in headwater streams in order to capture the impacts of agricultural intensification on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Toth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C5, Canada.
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5
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Schürings C, Globevnik L, Lemm JU, Psomas A, Snoj L, Hering D, Birk S. River ecological status is shaped by agricultural land use intensity across Europe. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121136. [PMID: 38246083 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture impacts the ecological status of freshwaters through multiple pressures such as diffuse pollution, water abstraction, and hydromorphological alteration, strongly impairing riverine biodiversity. The agricultural effects, however, likely differ between agricultural types and practices. In Europe, agricultural types show distinct spatial patterns related to intensity, biophysical conditions, and socioeconomic history, which have been operationalised by various landscape typologies. Our study aimed at analysing whether incorporating agricultural intensity enhances the correlation between agricultural land use and the ecological status. For this, we aggregated the continent's agricultural activities into 20 Areas of Farming-induced Freshwater Pressures (AFFP), specifying individual pressure profiles regarding nutrient enrichment, pesticides, water abstraction, and agricultural land use in the riparian zone to establish an agricultural intensity index and related this intensity index to the river ecological status. Using the agricultural intensity index, nearly doubled the correlative strength between agriculture and the ecological status of rivers as compared to the share of agriculture in the sub-catchment (based on the analysis of more than 50,000 sub-catchment units). Strongest agricultural pressures were found for high intensity cropland in the Mediterranean and Temperate regions, while extensive grassland, fallow farmland and livestock farming in the Northern and Highland regions, as well as low intensity mosaic farming, featured lowest pressures. The results provide advice for pan-European management of freshwater ecosystems and highlight the urgent need for more sustainable agriculture. Consequently, they can also be used as a basis for European Union-wide and global policies to halt biodiversity decline, such as the post-2027 renewal of the Common Agricultural Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schürings
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, Essen D-45141, Germany.
| | - Lidija Globevnik
- TC VODE, Thematic Center for Water Research, Studies and Project Development TC Vode, Trnovski pristan 10, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jan U Lemm
- City of Wolfsburg, Department Data, Strategies, Urban Development Unit, Germany
| | - Alexander Psomas
- Brilliant Solutions Engineering & Consulting, V. Hugo St. 15, Rethymno 74100, Greece
| | - Luka Snoj
- TC VODE, Thematic Center for Water Research, Studies and Project Development TC Vode, Trnovski pristan 10, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Hering
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, Essen D-45141, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, Essen D-45141, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
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Li L, Wang Y, Liu L, Gao C, Ru S, Yang L. Occurrence, ecological risk, and advanced removal methods of herbicides in waters: a timely review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3297-3319. [PMID: 38095790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Coastal pollution caused by the importation of agricultural herbicides is one of the main environmental problems that directly affect the coastal primary productivity and even the safety of human seafood. It is urgent to evaluate the ecological risk objectively and explore feasible removal strategies. However, existing studies focus on the runoff distribution and risk assessment of specific herbicides in specific areas, and compared with soil environment, there are few studies on remediation methods for water environment. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current situation of herbicide pollution in global coastal waters and the dose-response relationships of various herbicides on phytoplankton and higher trophic organisms from the perspective of ecological risks. In addition, we believe that compared with the traditional single physical and chemical remediation methods, biological remediation and its combined technology are the most promising methods for herbicide pollution remediation currently. Therefore, we focus on the application prospects, challenges, and management strategies of new bioremediation systems related to biology, such as constructed wetlands, membrane bioreactor processes, and microbial co-metabolism, in order to provide more advanced methods for reducing herbicide pollution in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liqiang Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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7
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Wang X, Diao Z, Liu Z, Qi P, Wang Z, Cang T, Chu Y, Zhao H, Zhang C, Xu H, Di S. Development of S-penthiopyrad for bioactivity improvement and risk reduction from the systemic evaluation at the enantiomeric level. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122012. [PMID: 37307862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of screening high-efficiency and low-risk green pesticides, a systematic study on fungicide penthiopyrad was conducted at the enantiomeric level. The bioactivity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad (median effective concentration (EC50), 0.035 mg/L) against Rhizoctonia solani was 988 times higher than R-(-)-penthiopyrad (EC50, 34.6 mg/L), which would reduce 75% usage of rac-penthiopyrad under the same efficacy. Furthermore, their antagonistic interaction (toxic unit (TUrac), 2.07) indicated the existence of R-(-)-penthiopyrad would reduce the fungicidal activity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad. AlphaFold2 modeling and molecular docking illustrated that S-(+)-penthiopyrad had the higher binding ability with the target protein than R-(-)-penthiopyrad, showing higher bioactivity. For model organism Danio rerio, S-(+)-penthiopyrad (median lethal concentrations (LC50), 3.02 mg/L) and R-(-)-penthiopyrad (LC50, 4.89 mg/L) were both less toxic than rac-penthiopyrad (LC50, 2.73 mg/L), and the existence of R-(-)-penthiopyrad could synergistically enhance the toxicity of S-(+)-penthiopyrad (TUrac, 0.73), using S-(+)-penthiopyrad would reduce at least 23% toxicity to fish. The enantioselective dissipation and residues of rac-penthiopyrad were tested in three kinds of fruits, and their dissipation half-lives ranged from 1.91 to 23.7 d. S-(+)-penthiopyrad was dissipated preferentially in grapes, which was R-(-)-penthiopyrad in pears. On the 60th d, the residue concentrations of rac-penthiopyrad in grapes were still higher than its maximum residue limit (MRL), but the initial concentrations were lower than their MRL values in watermelons and pears. Thus, more tests in different cultivars of grapes and planting environments should be encouraged. Based on the acute and chronic dietary intake risk assessments, the risks in the three fruits were all acceptable. In conclusion, S-(+)-penthiopyrad is a high-efficiency and low-risk alternative to rac-penthiopyrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Ziyang Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; College of Food Science & Engineering, Hainan University, No. 158 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570100, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Tang Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China/ Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Hainan University, No. 158 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570100, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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Schäfer RB, Jackson M, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Osakpolor SE, Posthuma L, Schneeweiss A, Spaak J, Vinebrooke R. Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1915-1936. [PMID: 37036219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915-1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Stephen E Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Heß S, Hof D, Oetken M, Sundermann A. Effects of multiple stressors on benthic invertebrates using Water Framework Directive monitoring data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162952. [PMID: 36948311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors affect freshwater systems and cause a deficient ecological status according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To select effective mitigation measures and improve the ecological status, knowledge on the stressor hierarchy and individual and joined effects is necessary. However, compared to common stressors like nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation, the relative importance of micropollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is largely unaddressed. We used WFD monitoring data from Saxony (Germany) to investigate the importance of 85 environmental variables (including 34 micropollutants) for 18 benthic invertebrate metrics at 108 sites. The environmental variables were assigned to five groups (natural factors, nutrient enrichment, metals, micropollutants and morphological degradation) and were ranked according to their relative importance as group and individually within and across groups using Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs). Overall, natural factors contributed the most to the total explained deviance of the models. This variable group represented not only typological differences between sampling sites but also a gradient of human impact by strongly anthropogenically influenced variables such as electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These large-scale effects can mask the individual importance of the other variable groups, which may act more specifically at a subset of sites. Accordingly, micropollutants were not represented by a few dominant variables but rather a diverse palette of different chemicals with similar contribution. As a group, micropollutants contributed similarly as metals, nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation. However, the importance of micropollutants might be underestimated due to limitations of the current chemical monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heß
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Delia Hof
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Sundermann
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Zhang W, Di S, Yan J. Chiral pesticides levels in peri-urban area near Yangtze River and their correlations with water quality and microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3817-3831. [PMID: 36586031 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are considered to be the second-largest non-point source pollution in water. Our research assayed the river network of typical agricultural areas in the middle and lower Yangtze River as the study area. Pesticides residues in aquatic environment were determined by QuEChERS, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. At chiral pesticides' levels, we detected pesticides contents in water, classified and counted the types of pesticides, and analyzed their environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, potential correlations between chiral pesticides concentrations and water quality indicators were assayed. Additionally, we explored their relations with microbial communities at species levels. Enantiomers of Diclofop-methyl, Ethiprole, Difenoconazole and Epoxiconazole were enantioselectively distributed. More interestingly, due to various chiral environment of the sampling site, the enantiomers of Tebuconazole Acetochlor, Glufosinate ammonium and Bifenthrin had completely different distributions at different sites. Based on that, the chiral pesticides Diclofop-methyl, Bifenthrin, Ethiprole, Tebuconazole and Difenoconazole are enantioselective to the risk of aquatic environment. Generally, enantiomeric selectivity had high positive correlations with total nitrogen and phosphorus. Then we found that chiral fate behavior of Tebuconazole and Paichongding in water might be affected by prokaryotes. In addition, the chiral behavior of Diclofop-methyl, Propiconazole, Difenoconazole, and Tebuconazole isomers in water might be negatively affected by eukaryotes. That research helped us to comprehensively understand the impact of non-point source pollution of chiral pesticides in aquatic environment and provided basic data support for developing biological and water quality indicators for monitoring pollution in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development On Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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11
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Ding J, Zeng S, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang B, Zhang B, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Fan J, Wang M. Metal coordinating-induced self-assembly of cyclic lipopeptides into high-performance antimicrobial supramolecules. Food Chem 2023; 422:136203. [PMID: 37121207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study designed a green hydrothermally-chelating approach to generate robust antimicrobial complexes via metal-coordinated supramolecular self-assembly of cyclic lipopeptides (CLs). The metal ion (Ca2+ and Zn2+)-coordinated CL (Ca/CL or Zn/CL complex; 1 mg/mL) demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against fungi (A. niger) and bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) respectively, and in particular, completely suppressed the microbial resistance. Further physicochemical and spectal analysis showed that this coordination approach led to CL with enhanced hydrophobic and intermolecular electrostatic interactions, forming β-sheet-rich secondary structures allowing the complexes easily contact with and destroy the membrane of microorganisms. Practical application experiments validated that the Ca/CL and Zn/CL complexes strongly avoided table grape and fresh tomato from the contamination of pathogen. The findings of this study laid foundation for the utilization of metal ions to improve the biological activity of natural antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Ding
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shufan Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shandong Xu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiangfu Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mengze Wang
- School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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12
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Cadenas JM, Garrido MC, Martínez-España R. A Methodology Based on Machine Learning and Soft Computing to Design More Sustainable Agriculture Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3038. [PMID: 36991748 PMCID: PMC10056061 DOI: 10.3390/s23063038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in new technologies are allowing any field of real life to benefit from using these ones. Among of them, we can highlight the IoT ecosystem making available large amounts of information, cloud computing allowing large computational capacities, and Machine Learning techniques together with the Soft Computing framework to incorporate intelligence. They constitute a powerful set of tools that allow us to define Decision Support Systems that improve decisions in a wide range of real-life problems. In this paper, we focus on the agricultural sector and the issue of sustainability. We propose a methodology that, starting from times series data provided by the IoT ecosystem, a preprocessing and modelling of the data based on machine learning techniques is carried out within the framework of Soft Computing. The obtained model will be able to carry out inferences in a given prediction horizon that allow the development of Decision Support Systems that can help the farmer. By way of illustration, the proposed methodology is applied to the specific problem of early frost prediction. With some specific scenarios validated by expert farmers in an agricultural cooperative, the benefits of the methodology are illustrated. The evaluation and validation show the effectiveness of the proposal.
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13
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Rheinheimer Dos Santos D, Camotti Bastos M, Monteiro De Castro Lima JA, Le Guet T, Vargas Brunet J, Fernandes G, Zanella R, Damian Prestes O, Mondamert L, Labanowski J. Epilithic biofilms, POCIS, and water samples as complementary sources of information for a more comprehensive view of aquatic contamination by pesticides and pharmaceuticals in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:273-284. [PMID: 36861268 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2182583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial-temporal monitoring of the presence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in water requires rigor in the choice of matrix to be analyzed. The use of matrices, isolated or combined, may better represent the real state of contamination. In this sense, the present work contrasted the effectiveness of using epilithic biofilms with active water sampling and with a passive sampler-POCIS. A watershed representative of South American agriculture was monitored. Nine sites with different rural anthropic pressures (natural forest, intensive use of pesticides, and animal waste), and urban areas without sewage treatment, were monitored. Water and epilithic biofilms were collected during periods of intensive pesticide and animal waste application. After the harvest of the spring/summer crop, a period of low agrochemical input, the presence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals was monitored using the POCIS and epilithic biofilms. The spot water sampling leads to underestimation of the level of contamination of water resources as it does not allow discrimination of different anthropic pressures in rural areas. The use of endogenous epilithic biofilms as a matrix for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals is a viable and highly recommended alternative to diagnose the health of water sources, especially if associated with the use of POCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratoire E2Lim - Eau et Environnement Limoges, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Laboratoire E2Lim - Eau et Environnement Limoges, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jocelina Vargas Brunet
- Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gracieli Fernandes
- Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Departamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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14
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Li Y, Wang Y, Jin J, Tian Z, Yang W, Graham NJD, Yang Z. Enhanced removal of trace pesticides and alleviation of membrane fouling using hydrophobic-modified inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants in the flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration process for surface water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119447. [PMID: 36476382 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide concentrations in surface water occasionally exceed regulated values due to seasonal events (rainy season in high intensity agricultural areas) or intermittent discharges (leakage, spillage, or other emergency events). The need to remove pesticide compounds in these situations poses a challenge for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). In this work, the performance of dosing hydrophobic-modified inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants (HOC-M; lower acute toxicity than corresponding metal salt coagulants; acceptable economic costs when M=Al or Fe; prepared in large-scale quantities), for the removal of four different pesticides (each initial concentration: 0.25 μg/L) from Yangtze River water, and in mitigating membrane fouling, by an integrated flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration (FSUF) process, was evaluated over a period of 40 days; the FSUF is well-established in many DWTPs. The mechanisms underlying the treatment were unveiled by employing a combination of instrumental characterizations, chemical computations, material flow analyses, and statistical analyses. Efficient pesticide removal (80.3%∼94.3%) and membrane fouling reduction (26.6%∼37.3% and 28.3%∼57.6% for reversible and irreversible membrane resistance, respectively) in the FSUF process were achieved by dosing HOC-M, whereas conventional inorganic coagulants were substantially inferior for pesticide removal (< 50%) and displayed more severe fouling development. Hydrophobic association between the pesticides and the hydrophobic organic chain of HOC-M played a predominant role in the improvement in pesticide removal; coexisting particulate/colloid inorganic minerals and natural organic matter with HOC-M adsorbed on the surface, acting as floc building materials, provided sites for the indirect combination of pesticides into flocs. The observed fouling alleviation from dosing HOC-M was ascribed to both the pre-removal of fouling-causing materials in the flocculation-sedimentation prior to UF, and a stable hydrophilization modification effect of residual HOC-M in the UF unit. The latter effect resulted from a hydrophobic association between the PVDF substrate of the membranes and the hydrophobic organic chains of the HOC-M, causing the hydrophilic ends of the HOC-M to be exposed away from the membrane surface, thereby inhibiting foulant accumulation. This work has not only demonstrated the superior performance of dosing HOC-M in the FSUF process for trace pesticide removal in DWTPs, but also clarified the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Schneeweiss A, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Osakpolor S, Scharmüller A, Scheu S, Schreiner VC, Ashauer R, Escher BI, Leese F, Schäfer RB. Three perspectives on the prediction of chemical effects in ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:21-40. [PMID: 36131639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production, use and emission of synthetic chemicals into the environment represents a major driver of global change. The large number of synthetic chemicals, limited knowledge on exposure patterns and effects in organisms and their interaction with other global change drivers hamper the prediction of effects in ecosystems. However, recent advances in biomolecular and computational methods are promising to improve our capacity for prediction. We delineate three idealised perspectives for the prediction of chemical effects: the suborganismal, organismal and ecological perspective, which are currently largely separated. Each of the outlined perspectives includes essential and complementary theories and tools for prediction but captures only part of the phenomenon of chemical effects. Links between the perspectives may foster predictive modelling of chemical effects in ecosystems and extrapolation between species. A major challenge for the linkage is the lack of data sets simultaneously covering different levels of biological organisation (here referred to as biological levels) as well as varying temporal and spatial scales. Synthesising the three perspectives, some central aspects and associated types of data seem particularly necessary to improve prediction. First, suborganism- and organism-level responses to chemicals need to be recorded and tested for relationships with chemical groups and organism traits. Second, metrics that are measurable at many biological levels, such as energy, need to be scrutinised for their potential to integrate across levels. Third, experimental data on the simultaneous response over multiple biological levels and spatiotemporal scales are required. These could be collected in nested and interconnected micro- and mesocosm experiments. Lastly, prioritisation of processes involved in the prediction framework needs to find a balance between simplification and capturing the essential complexity of a system. For example, in some cases, eco-evolutionary dynamics and interactions may need stronger consideration. Prediction needs to move from a static to a real-world eco-evolutionary view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | | | - Stephen Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), UMR 7063, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg-ENGEES, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastian Scheu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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16
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Casás C, Garcia-Velasco N, Santos M, Tarazona JV, Soto M. Predicting environmental concentrations and the potential risk of Plant Protection Products (PPP) on non-target soil organisms accounting for regional and landscape ecological variability in european soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135045. [PMID: 35609662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant Protection Products (PPP) raise concerns as their application may cause effects on some soil organisms considered non-target species which could be highly sensitive to some pesticides. The European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA), in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, has developed guidance and a software tool, Persistence in Soil Analytical Model (PERSAM), for conducting soil exposure assessments. EFSA PPR Panel has published recommendations for the risk assessment of non-target soil organisms. We have used PERSAM for calculating PPPs predicted environmental concentrations (PECs); and used the estimated PEC for assessing potential risks using Toxicity Exposure Ratios (TER) for selected soil organisms and good agricultural practices. Soil characteristics and environmental variables change along a latitudinal axis through the European continent, influencing the availability of PPP, their toxicity upon soil biota, and hence, impacting on the risk characterization. Although PERSAM includes as input geographical information, the information is aggregated and not further detailed in the model outputs. Therefore, there is a need to develop landscape based environmental risk assessment methods addressing regional variability. The objective was to integrate spatially explicit exposure (PECs) and effect data (biological endpoints i.e. LC50, NOEC, etc.) to estimate the risk quotient (TER) of four PPP active substances (esfenvalerate, cyclaniliprole, picoxystrobin, fenamidone) on non-target species accounting European landscape and agricultural variability. The study was focused on the effects produced by the above-mentioned pesticides on two soil organisms: E. fetida earthworms and Folsomia sp. collembolans. After running PERSAM assuming a worst case application of PPPs, PECs in total soil and pore water were obtained for different depths in northern, central and southern European soils. With this data, soil variability and climatic differences among soils divided in three large Euroregions along a latitudinal transect (Northern, Central, Southern Europe) were analysed. Summarising, a trend to accumulate higher PECs and TERs in total soil was observed in the north decreasing towards the south. Higher PECs and TERs could be expected in pore water in southern soils, decreasing towards the north. The risk disparity between pollutant concentrations at different soils compartments should be taken into account for regulatory purposes, as well as the potential landscape variabilities among different Euroregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carmen Casás
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miguel Santos
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, I-43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Jose V Tarazona
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, I-43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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17
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Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Reemtsma T, Liess M, Schäfer RB. Potential propagation of agricultural pesticide exposure and effects to upstream sections in a biosphere reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155688. [PMID: 35525352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, several studies have shown that pesticides frequently occur above water quality thresholds in small streams draining arable land and are associated with changes in invertebrate communities. However, we know little about the potential propagation of pesticide effects from agricultural stream sections to least impacted stream sections that can serve as refuge areas. We sampled invertebrates and pesticides along six small streams in south-west Germany. In each stream, the sampling was conducted at an agricultural site, at an upstream forest site (later considered as "refuge"), and at a transition zone between forest and agriculture (later considered as "edge"). Pesticide exposure was higher and the proportion of pesticide-sensitive species (SPEARpesticides) was lower in agricultural sites compared to edge and refuge sites. Notwithstanding, at some edge and refuge sites, which were considered as being least impacted, we estimated unexpected pesticide toxicity (sum toxic units) exceeding thresholds at which field studies suggested adverse effects on freshwater invertebrates. We conclude that organisms in forest sections within a few kilometres upstream of agricultural areas can be exposed to ecologically relevant pesticide levels. In addition, although not statistically significant, the abundance of pesticide-sensitive taxa was slightly lower in edge compared to refuge sites, indicating a potential influence of adjacent agriculture. Future studies should further investigate the influence of spatial relationships, such as the distance between refuge and agriculture, for the propagation of pesticide effects and focus on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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18
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Link M, Schreiner VC, Graf N, Szöcs E, Bundschuh M, Battes KP, Cîmpean M, Sures B, Grabner D, Buse J, Schäfer RB. Pesticide effects on macroinvertebrates and leaf litter decomposition in areas with traditional agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154549. [PMID: 35302011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional forms of agriculture have created and preserved heterogeneous landscapes characterized by semi-natural meadows and pastures, which have high conversation value for biodiversity. Landscapes in Central and Eastern European countries with traditional agriculture are a stronghold for pollinators, butterflies and amphibians, which have declined in other parts of Europe. Despite different landscape structures, agriculture-associated pesticide exposure in streams can be similarly high as in Western Europe. This raises the question whether the heterogeneous landscape can buffer a temporary water quality decline by agriculture. We investigated the influence of landscape heterogeneity and water quality, in particular pesticide exposure, on macroinvertebrate communities in 19 small streams in Central Romania. We sampled the macroinvertebrate community, assessed the ecosystem function of leaf litter decomposition and analyzed the parasite prevalence in Baetis sp. and Gammarus balcanicus. No association between pesticide toxicity towards macroinvertebrates and several macroinvertebrate metrics was found. However, the level of pesticide toxicity was generally high, constituting a rather short gradient, and the pesticide indicator SPEARpesticides implied pesticide-driven community change in all sites. Landscape heterogeneity and forested upstream sections were among the most important drivers for the macroinvertebrate metrics, indicating increased dispersal and recolonization success. Agricultural land use in the catchment was negatively associated with vulnerable macroinvertebrate taxa such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera. G. balcanicus dominated the shredder taxa and its abundance was positively associated with the pesticide indicator SPEARpesticides. Parasite prevalence in G. balcanicus increased with extensive land use (pastures and forests), whereas it decreased with arable land. Our results suggest that heterogeneous landscapes with structures of low-intensive land use may buffer the effects of agricultural land use and facilitate dispersal and recolonization processes of pesticide-affected macroinvertebrate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Link
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Nadin Graf
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karina P Battes
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Cîmpean
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Center for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Center for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jörn Buse
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Application of fenitrothion on Heteropneustes fossilis causes alteration in morphology of erythrocytes via modifying hematological parameters. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang J, Xu S, Shen W. Regulation of chlorothalonil degradation by molecular hydrogen. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127291. [PMID: 34583156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can accumulate throughout the food chain to potentially endanger human health. Although molecular hydrogen (H2) is widely used in industry and medicine, its application in agriculture is just beginning. This study showed that H2 enhances the degradation of the fungicide chlorothalonil (CHT) in plants, but does not reduce its antifungal efficacy. Pharmacological evidence confirmed the contribution of H2-stimulated brassinosteroids (BRs) in the above responses. The genetic increased endogenous H2 with overexpression of hydrogenase 1 gene (CrHYD1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Arabidopsis not only increased BRs levels, but also eventually intensified the degradation of CHT. Expression of genes encoding some enzymes responsible for detoxification in tomato and Arabidopsis were also stimulated. Contrasting responses were observed after the pharmacological removal of endogenous BR. We further proved that H2 control of CHT degradation was relatively universal, with at least since its degradation in Chinese cabbage, cucumber, radish, alfalfa, rice, and rapeseed were differentially enhanced by H2. Collectively, above results clearly indicated that both exogenously and endogenously applied with H2 could stimulate degradation of CHT partially via BR-dependent detoxification. These results may open a new window for environmental-friendly hydrogen-based agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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21
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Weisner O, Arle J, Liebmann L, Link M, Schäfer RB, Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Vormeier P, Liess M. Three reasons why the Water Framework Directive (WFD) fails to identify pesticide risks. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117848. [PMID: 34781190 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) demands that good status is to be achieved for all European water bodies. While governmental monitoring under the WFD mostly concludes a good status with regard to pesticide pollution, numerous scientific studies have demonstrated widespread negative ecological impacts of pesticide exposure in surface waters. To identify reasons for this discrepancy, we analysed pesticide concentrations measured in a monitoring campaign of 91 agricultural streams in 2018 and 2019 using methodologies that exceed the requirements of the WFD. This included a sampling strategy that takes into account the periodic occurrence of pesticides and a different analyte spectrum designed to reflect current pesticide use. We found that regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) were exceeded for 39 different pesticides at 81% of monitoring sites. In comparison, WFD-compliant monitoring of the same sites would have detected only eleven pesticides as exceeding the WFD-based environmental quality standards (EQS) at 35% of monitoring sites. We suggest three reasons for this underestimation of pesticide risk under the WFD-compliant monitoring: (1) The sampling approach - the timing and site selection are unable to adequately capture the periodic occurrence of pesticides and investigate surface waters particularly susceptible to pesticide risks; (2) the measuring method - a too narrow analyte spectrum (6% of pesticides currently approved in Germany) and insufficient analytical capacities result in risk drivers being overlooked; (3) the assessment method for measured concentrations - the protectivity and availability of regulatory thresholds are not sufficient to ensure a good ecological status. We therefore propose practical and legal refinements to improve the WFD's monitoring and assessment strategy in order to gain a more realistic picture of pesticide surface water pollution. This will enable more rapid identification of risk drivers and suitable risk management measures to ultimately improve the status of European surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weisner
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany.
| | - Jens Arle
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau 06844, Germany
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Moritz Link
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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22
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la Cecilia D, Dax A, Ehmann H, Koster M, Singer H, Stamm C. Continuous high-frequency pesticide monitoring to observe the unexpected and the overlooked. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 13:100125. [PMID: 34816114 PMCID: PMC8593654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic Plant Protection Products (PPPs) are a key element for a large part of today's global food systems. However, the transport of PPPs and their transformation products (TPs) to water bodies has serious negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. Small streams in agricultural catchments may experience pronounced concentration peaks given the proximity to fields and poor dilution capacity. Traditional sampling approaches often prevent a comprehensive understanding of PPPs and TPs concentration patterns being limited by trade-offs between temporal resolution and duration of the observation period. These limitations result in a knowledge gap for accurate ecotoxicological risk assessment and the achievement of optimal monitoring strategies for risk mitigation. We present here high-frequency PPPs and TPs concentration time-series measured with the autonomous MS2Field platform that combines continuous sampling and on-site measurements with a high-resolution mass spectrometer, which allows for overcoming temporal trade-offs. In a small agricultural catchment, we continuously measured 60 compounds at 20 minutes resolution for 41 days during the growing season. This observation period included 8 large and 15 small rain events and provided 2560 concentration values per compound. To identify similarities and differences among the compound-specific concentration time-series, we analysed the entire dataset with positive matrix factorisation. Six factors sufficiently captured the overall complexity in concentration dynamics. While one factor reflected dilution during rainfall, five factors identified PPPs groups that seemed to share a common history of recent applications. The investigation per event of the concentration time-series revealed a surprising complexity of dynamic patterns; physico-chemical properties of the compounds did not influence the (dis)similarity of chemographs. Some PPPs concentration peaks led while others lagged by several hours the water level peaks during large events. During small events, water level peaks always preceded concentration peaks, which were generally only observed when the water levels had almost receded to pre-event levels. Thus, monitoring schemes relying on rainfall or water level as proxies for triggering sampling may lead to systematic biases. The high temporal resolution revealed that the Swiss national monitoring integrating over 3.5 days underestimated critical concentration peaks by a factor of eight to more than 32, captured 3 out of 11 exceedances of legal acute quality standards (the relevant values in the Swiss Water Protection Law) and recorded 1 out of 9 exceedances of regulatory acceptable concentrations (the relevant values for the PPPs registration process). MS2Field allowed for observing unexpected and overlooked pesticide dynamics with consequences for further research but also for monitoring. The large variability in timing of concentration peaks relative to water level calls for more in-depth analyses regarding the respective transport mechanisms. To perform these analyses, spatially distributed sampling and time-series of geo-referenced PPPs application data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. la Cecilia
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. Dax
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - H. Ehmann
- Cantonal Office for the Environment, Thurgau 8510, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - M. Koster
- Cantonal Office for the Environment, Thurgau 8510, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - H. Singer
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - C. Stamm
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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23
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Mahler BJ, Nowell LH, Sandstrom MW, Bradley PM, Romanok KM, Konrad CP, Van Metre PC. Inclusion of Pesticide Transformation Products Is Key to Estimating Pesticide Exposures and Effects in Small U.S. Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4740-4752. [PMID: 33689310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improved analytical methods can quantify hundreds of pesticide transformation products (TPs), but understanding of TP occurrence and potential toxicity in aquatic ecosystems remains limited. We quantified 108 parent pesticides and 116 TPs in more than 3 700 samples from 442 small streams in mostly urban basins across five major regions of the United States. TPs were detected nearly as frequently as parents (90 and 95% of streams, respectively); 102 TPs were detected at least once and 28 were detected in >20% samples in at least one region-TPs of 9 herbicides, 2 fungicides (chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl), and 1 insecticide (fipronil) were the most frequently detected. TPs occurred commonly during baseflow conditions, indicating chronic environmental TP exposures to aquatic organisms and the likely importance of groundwater as a TP source. Hazard quotients based on acute aquatic-life benchmarks for invertebrates and nonvascular plants and vertebrate-centric molecular endpoints (sublethal effects) quantify the range of the potential contribution of TPs to environmental risk and highlight several TP exposure-response data gaps. A precautionary approach using equimolar substitution of parent benchmarks or endpoints for missing TP benchmarks indicates that potential aquatic effects of pesticide TPs could be underestimated by an order of magnitude or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, Texas 78754, United States
| | - Lisa H Nowell
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Mark W Sandstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, Strategic Laboratory Science Branch, P.O. Box 25585, Denver, Colorado 80225-0585, United States
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, 720 Gracern, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | - Kristin M Romanok
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, 3450 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Christopher P Konrad
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, Washington 98467, United States
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, Texas 78754, United States
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24
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Goeb J, Lupi F. Showing pesticides' true colors: The effects of a farmer-to-farmer training program on pesticide knowledge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111821. [PMID: 33340964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Information plays an important role in technology adoption and behavior change. This may be particularly true for pesticide decisions, which affect farmer income, health, and the environment. Pesticide use is increasing, and farmers often have incomplete knowledge of how pesticides affect crop production and health. Researchers regularly recommend information interventions to improve pesticide knowledge. This study uses a randomized controlled trial of a pesticide training program in Zambia to identify the effects of information on farmer knowledge of both the health risks and the production benefits of pesticides. We use detailed knowledge assessments covering identification and interpretation of toxicity color labels, pest control properties, and exposure to reveal a more complete picture of pesticide knowledge and to identify where information can have the greatest impact. Our results show that training significantly improved farmer knowledge, particularly for the more complicated pesticide characteristics that are harder to learn from experience. We also find that more experienced farmers had worse prior knowledge of pesticide toxicity, though they also had larger increases from training. Overall, our results suggest that pesticide information interventions should focus on the pest control properties of pesticides and on showing pesticides' true colors through toxicity identification by color labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Goeb
- Michigan State University, 55(E) Inya Myaing Rd, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar.
| | - Frank Lupi
- Michigan State University, 446 W. Circle, Dr., Rm 301B, Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1039, USA.
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