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Major G, Ahn M, Cho WW, Santos M, Wise J, Phillips E, Wise SG, Jang J, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Woodfield T, Lim KS. Programming temporal stiffness cues within extracellular matrix hydrogels for modelling cancer niches. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101004. [PMID: 38420142 PMCID: PMC10900776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening is a common occurrence during the progression of many diseases, such as breast cancer. To accurately mimic the pathophysiological context of disease within 3D in vitro models, there is high demand for smart biomaterials which replicate the dynamic and temporal mechanical cues of diseased states. This study describes a preclinical disease model, using breast cancer as an example, which replicates the dynamic plasticity of the tumour microenvironment by incorporating temporal (3-week progression) biomechanical cues within a tissue-specific hydrogel microenvironment. The composite hydrogel formulation, integrating adipose-derived decellularised ECM (AdECM) and silk fibroin, was initially crosslinked using a visible light-mediated system, and then progressively stiffened through spontaneous secondary structure interactions inherent between the polymer chains (∼10-15 kPa increase, with a final stiffness of 25 kPa). When encapsulated and cultured in vitro, MCF-7 breast cancer cells initially formed numerous, large spheroids (>1000 μm2 in area), however, with progressive temporal stiffening, cells demonstrated growth arrest and underwent phenotypic changes resulting in intratumoral heterogeneity. Unlike widely-investigated static mechanical models, this stiffening hydrogel allowed for progressive phenotypic changes to be observed, and fostered the development of mature organoid-like spheroids, which mimicked both the organisation and acinar-structures of mature breast epithelium. The spheroids contained a central population of cells which expressed aggressive cellular programs, evidenced by increased fibronectin expression and reduction of E-cadherin. The phenotypic heterogeneity observed using this model is more reflective of physiological tumours, demonstrating the importance of establishing temporal cues within preclinical models in future work. Overall, the developed model demonstrated a novel strategy to uncouple ECM biomechanical properties from the cellular complexities of the disease microenvironment and offers the potential for wide applicability in other 3D in vitro disease models through addition of tissue-specific dECM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Major
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Miguel Santos
- Applied Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessika Wise
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven G Wise
- Applied Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinah Jang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Light-Activated Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
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Álvarez F, Arena M, Auteri D, Leite SB, Binaglia M, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, De Magistris I, Egsmose M, Fait G, Ferilli F, Gouliarmou V, Halling K, Nogareda LH, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Lanzoni A, Lava R, Leuschner R, Linguadoca A, Louisse J, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Mioč A, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Padricello V, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Rizzuto S, Romac A, Rortais A, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Vianello G, Villamar‐Bouza L. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance clove oil. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8671. [PMID: 38585212 PMCID: PMC10995819 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Malta, for the pesticide active substance clove oil are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions for the amendment of approval were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of clove oil as a preharvest nematicide on tomatoes and cucumbers (permanent greenhouse use). The representative use evaluated for the renewal of approval of clove oil was as post-harvest fungicide and bactericide on apples, pears and peaches (indoor uses). The reliable endpoints appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Endpoints not relevant to the scope of the proposed amendment of approval conditions will be addressed in the context of the renewal of approval procedure of clove oil running in parallel (AIR IV, EFSA Q-2016-00809). Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
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Santos M, Michael PL, Mitchell TC, Lam YT, Robinson TM, Moore MJ, Tan RP, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Lim KS, Wise SG. On-Demand Bioactivation of Inert Materials With Plasma-Polymerized Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2024:e2311313. [PMID: 38483292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Conventional gas plasma treatments are crucial for functionalizing materials in biomedical applications, but have limitations hindering their broader use. These methods require exposure to reactive media under vacuum conditions, rendering them unsuitable for substrates that demand aqueous environments, such as proteins and hydrogels. In addition, complex geometries are difficult to treat, necessitating extensive customization for each material and shape. To address these constraints, an innovative approach employing plasma polymer nanoparticles (PPN) as a versatile functionalization tool is proposed. PPN share similarities with traditional plasma polymer coatings (PPC) but offer unique advantages: compatibility with aqueous systems, the ability to modify complex geometries, and availability as off-the-shelf products. Robust immobilization of PPN on various substrates, including synthetic polymers, proteins, and complex hydrogel structures is demonstrated in this study. This results in substantial improvements in surface hydrophilicity. Materials functionalization with arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)-loaded PPN significantly enhances cell attachment, spreading, and substrate coverage on inert scaffolds compared to passive RGD coatings. Improved adhesion to complex geometries and subsequent differentiation following growth factor exposure is also demonstrated. This research introduces a novel substrate functionalization approach that mimics the outcomes of plasma coating technology but vastly expands its applicability, promising advancements in biomedical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Praveesuda L Michael
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy C Mitchell
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas M Robinson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew J Moore
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard P Tan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Khoon S Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Álvarez F, Arena M, Auteri D, Leite SB, Binaglia M, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, De Magistris I, Egsmose M, Fait G, Ferilli F, Gouliarmou V, Halling K, Nogareda LH, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Lanzoni A, Lava R, Leuschner R, Linguadoca A, Louisse J, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Mavriou G, Mioč A, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Padricello V, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Rizzuto S, Romac A, Rortais A, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Vianello G, Villamar‐Bouza L. Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dichlorprop-P and variant dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8658. [PMID: 38505476 PMCID: PMC10949385 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Ireland, and co-rapporteur Member State, Poland, for the pesticide active substance dichlorprop-P and the variant dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dichlorprop-P as a herbicide on cereals, grassland and grass seed crops and of the variant dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl as a plant growth regulator on citrus. MRLs were assessed in mandarin and lemon. The conclusions from 2018 were updated in 2024 following the request from the European Commission with regard to the endocrine-disrupting properties. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the proposed MRLs, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
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Álvarez F, Arena M, Auteri D, Leite SB, Binaglia M, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, De Magistris I, Egsmose M, Fait G, Ferilli F, Gouliarmou V, Halling K, Nogareda LH, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Lanzoni A, Lava R, Leuschner R, Linguadoca A, Louisse J, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Mavriou G, Mioč A, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Padricello V, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Rizzuto S, Rortais A, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Vianello G, Villamar‐Bouza L. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance quinolin-8-ol. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8670. [PMID: 38510325 PMCID: PMC10952017 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Spain, and co-rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance quinolin-8-ol are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of quinolin-8-ol as a fungicide and bactericide against soil-borne pathogens in tomato cultivation in permanent greenhouses applied by drip irrigation. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
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Moreno R, Baptista SB, Valencia J, Gomez-Menchero A, Bouisset F, Ruiz-Arroyo JR, Bento A, Besutti M, Jimenez-Valero S, Rivero-Santana B, Olhmann P, Santos M, Vaquerizo B, Cuissetm T, Lemoine J, Pinar E, Fiarresga A, Urbano C, Marliere S, Braga C, Amat-Santos I, Morgado G, Sarnago F, Telleria M, Van Belle E, Díaz-Fernandez J, Borrego JC, Amabile N, Meneveau N. OPTImized coronary interventions eXplaIn the bEst cliNical outcomEs (OPTI-XIENCE) study. Rationale and study design. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2024; 59:93-98. [PMID: 37723011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical events may occur after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly in complex lesions and complex patients. The optimization of PCI result, using pressure guidewire and intracoronary imaging techniques, may reduce the risk of these events. The hypothesis of the present study is that the clinical outcome of patients with indication of PCI and coronary stent implantation that are at high risk of events can be improved with an unrestricted use of intracoronary tools that allow PCI optimization. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Observational prospective multicenter international study, with a follow-up of 12 months, including 1064 patients treated with a cobalt‑chromium everolimus-eluting stent. Inclusion criteria include any of the following: Lesion length > 28 mm; Reference vessel diameter < 2.5 mm or > 4.25 mm; Chronic total occlusion; Bifurcation with side branch ≥2.0 mm;Ostial lesion; Left main lesion; In-stent restenosis; >2 lesions stented in the same vessel; Treatment of >2 vessels; Acute myocardial infarction; Renal insufficiency; Left ventricular ejection fraction <30 %; Staged procedure. The control group will be comprised by a similar number of matched patients included in the "extended risk" cohort of the XIENCE V USA study. The primary endpoint will be the 1-year rate of target lesion failure (TLF) (composite of ischemia-driven TLR, myocardial infarction (MI) related to the target vessel, or cardiac death related to the target vessel). Secondary endpoints will include overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, TVR, TLR, target vessel failure, and definitive or probable stent thrombosis at 1 year. IMPLICATIONS The ongoing OPTI-XIENCE study will contribute to the growing evidence supporting the use of intra-coronary imaging techniques for stent optimization in patients with complex coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Moreno
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Olhmann
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires of Strasbourg, France
| | - Miguel Santos
- Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Van Belle
- Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, France
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Vellinga RE, Rippin HL, Gonzales BG, Temme EHM, Farrand C, Halloran A, Clough B, Wickramasinghe K, Santos M, Fontes T, Pires MJ, Nascimento AC, Santiago S, Burt HE, Brown MK, Jenner KH, Alessandrini R, Marczak AM, Flore R, Sun Y, Motta C. Nutritional composition of ultra-processed plant-based foods in the out-of-home environment: a multi-country survey with plant-based burgers. Br J Nutr 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38221826 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-processed plant-based foods, such as plant-based burgers, have gained in popularity. Particularly in the out-of-home (OOH) environment, evidence regarding their nutritional profile and environmental sustainability is still evolving. Plant-based burgers available at selected OOH sites were randomly sampled in Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Lisbon and London. Plant-based burgers (patty, bread and condiment) (n 41) were lab analysed for their energy, macronutrients, amino acids and minerals content per 100 g and serving and were compared with reference values. For the plant-based burgers, the median values per 100 g were 234 kcal, 20·8 g carbohydrates, 3·5 g dietary fibre and 12·0 g fat, including 0·08 g TFS and 2·2 g SFA. Protein content was 8·9 g/100 g, with low protein quality according to amino acid composition. Median Na content was 389 mg/100 g, equivalent to 1 g salt. Compared with references, the median serving provided 31% of energy intake based on a 2000 kcal per day and contributed to carbohydrates (17-28%), dietary fibre (42%), protein (40%), total fat (48%), SFA (26%) and Na (54%). One serving provided 15-23% of the reference values for Ca, K and Mg, while higher contributions were found for Zn, Mn, P and Fe (30-67%). The ultra-processed plant-based burgers provide protein, dietary fibre and essential minerals and contain relatively high levels of energy, Na and total fats. The amino acid composition indicated low protein quality. The multifaceted nutritional profile of plant-based burgers highlights the need for manufacturers to implement improvements to better support healthy dietary habits, including reducing energy, Na and total fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Vellinga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H L Rippin
- Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B G Gonzales
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - E H M Temme
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Farrand
- Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Halloran
- Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Clough
- Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Wickramasinghe
- Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Santos
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Fontes
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M J Pires
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A C Nascimento
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Santiago
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - H E Burt
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M K Brown
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - K H Jenner
- Obesity Health Alliance, Wells Lawrence House, London, UK
| | - R Alessandrini
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Physicians Association for Nutrition International, Munich, Germany
| | - A M Marczak
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Flore
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Y Sun
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Motta
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
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Álvarez F, Arena M, Auteri D, Leite SB, Binaglia M, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, De Magistris I, Egsmose M, Fait G, Ferilli F, Gouliarmou V, Halling K, Nogareda LH, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Lanzoni A, Lava R, Leuschner R, Linguadoca A, Louisse J, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Mioč A, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Padricello V, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Rizzuto S, Romac A, Rortais A, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Vianello G, Villamar‐Bouza L. Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance pydiflumetofen. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8559. [PMID: 38288395 PMCID: PMC10823393 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, and co-rapporteur Member State, Austria, for the pesticide active substance pydiflumetofen and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of pydiflumetofen as a fungicide field application on pome fruits, grapes, potato, fruiting vegetables, cucurbits and Brassica vegetables and updated following the request from Commission to consider additional information submitted and review the risk assessment. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the proposed MRLs, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Szot M, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review and modification of the existing maximum residue levels for aluminium phosphide and magnesium phosphide. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8446. [PMID: 38196994 PMCID: PMC10774992 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The applicant Detia Freyberg GmbH submitted to the competent national authority in Germany two requests to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for tree nuts, oilseeds, cereals and commodities of animal origin in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available and two requests in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 to increase the existing MRL for the active substance aluminium phosphide in peanuts, barley, oat, rye, rice and wheat, roots of herbal infusions, cocoa beans and seed spices and for the active substance magnesium phosphide in oilseeds (except peanuts) and pistachios. The four applications were combined by EFSA under the current assessment. To address the data gaps, validation data for the method of analysis for enforcement of phosphide in high-oil content commodities and new residue trials were submitted. The data gaps on additional residue trials supporting authorisations on oilseeds and cereal grains, on clarifications regarding the discrepancies observed in the residue trial results for pistachios, and on data confirming the negligible occurrence of phosphane and its oxidation products in livestock products were considered addressed. The data gap on independent laboratory validation (ILV) and a confirmatory method for monitoring of phosphide in high-oil content commodities was considered not fully addressed. The information provided justified a lowering of the current tentative MRLs for the whole group of cereals (except rice and 'others'), an increase of the current tentative MRLs for pistachios, the whole group of oilseeds, rice and 'other' cereals, herbal infusions from roots, cocoa beans and seed spices, and a revision of the risk assessment performed for phosphane and its phosphide salts. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of AlP and Mg3P2 according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Further risk management considerations are required.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Szot M, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the temporary maximum residue levels for mepiquat in cultivated fungi and oyster mushrooms. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8476. [PMID: 38229873 PMCID: PMC10790192 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in Finland to modify the temporary maximum residue level (MRL) to a permanent MRL for the active substance mepiquat in cultivated fungi (with a specific MRL for oyster mushrooms). The data submitted in support of the request (monitoring data from food business operators) are not sufficient to derive permanent MRL proposals. The assessment of these data, complemented by an analysis of the most recent monitoring data available from EU monitoring programmes, supports the conclusion that the existing t-MRL for cultivated fungi is still sufficient to account for the residue uptake in cultivated mushrooms other than oyster mushrooms. It was also noted that lower t-MRLs could be derived based on the assessment of the most recent monitoring data. A risk management decision is still needed on whether to maintain the existing t-MRL value. Regarding oyster mushrooms, EFSA derived different options for risk managers to eventually update the values of the temporary MRLs based on the most recent monitoring data from food business operators. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of mepiquat (expressed as mepiquat chloride) in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the cross-contamination of untreated cultivated fungi (including oyster mushrooms) from cereal straw lawfully treated with mepiquat according to the current agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Gamez J, Carmona F, Gamez A, Santos M. Evidence of high compliance and fatigue in mask adherence in two mandates in Barcelona, Spain: a naturalistic observational study. Public Health 2023; 225:63-65. [PMID: 37922587 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated a possible pandemic fatigue effect, comparing adherence to compulsory mask use outdoors in Barcelona during the fourth and sixth waves of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN We used naturalistic observation to determine the degree of pedestrians' compliance. METHODS We assessed mask use outdoors in a sample of pedestrians in Barcelona between 28 December 2021 and 9 February 2022 (during the sixth wave in Spain), and compared it with the fourth wave (which was between 5 April 2021 and 29 April 2021). Masks were compulsory in both periods. RESULTS The population studied amounted to 45,116 people (21,246 in the fourth wave and 23,870 in the sixth wave). In the sixth wave, only 67.3% wore a mask correctly, 18.6% did so incorrectly and 14.1% did not wear a mask, while the figures for the fourth wave were 78.2%, 16.3% and 5.5%, respectively (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adherence was high in the population studied, but with an evident fatigue effect when the two waves were compared, as the proportion of individuals wearing a mask correctly declined compared to the fourth wave. These results suggest that policymakers need guidance on adopting clear and enforceable guidelines during future mask mandates, assessing advantages and drawbacks in terms of the population's behavior to prevent the fatigue effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gamez
- Department of Medicine, GMA Clinic, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Carmona
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gamez
- Ophtalmology Department, Hospital San Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Santos
- Communication and Public Health Informatic Department, Hospital San Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Szot M, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for sulfoxaflor in various commodities. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8481. [PMID: 38125974 PMCID: PMC10731995 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the Federal Public Service (FPS) Health, Food chain Safety and Environment submitted a request on behalf of Belgium (evaluating Member State, EMS) to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) in okra/lady's fingers and various leaf vegetables, herbs and edible flowers. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all crops under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of sulfoxaflor in plant matrices under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of sulfoxaflor according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Szot M, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Setting of an import tolerance for lambda-cyhalothrin in avocados. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8464. [PMID: 38111918 PMCID: PMC10726281 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to set an import tolerance for the active substance lambda-cyhalothrin in avocados. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive maximum residue level (MRL) proposals for avocados. Since the general data gap related to toxicity of degradation products formed under sterilisation conditions and identified in the framework of the MRL review has not yet been addressed, a risk management decision is required as to whether it is appropriate to take over the proposed MRLs in the MRL legislation. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of lambda-cyhalothrin according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. However, the consumer exposure calculation shall be considered provisional, pending the toxicological assessment of the compounds formed under sterilisation conditions.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Review of the existing maximum residue levels for zoxamide according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 and setting of an import tolerance for onions, garlic and shallots. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8427. [PMID: 38111917 PMCID: PMC10726275 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance zoxamide. To assess the occurrence of zoxamide residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the European authorisations reported by Member States and the UK (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived, and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and some MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers. Furthermore, in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the Applicant Gowan Crop Protection Ltd, submitted a request to the competent national authority in Latvia to set an import tolerance for zoxamide in onions (extrapolated to garlic and shallots) based on the use authorised in USA. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all crops under assessment. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of zoxamide according to the agricultural practices on onions, garlic and shallots is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue level for mandipropamid in radish leaves. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8421. [PMID: 38130323 PMCID: PMC10733801 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance mandipropamid in radish leaves (classified under the subgroup of kales), based on an intended indoor use on radishes. The residue data in radish leaves submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for this commodity. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of mandipropamid on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of mandipropamid according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Chukwubike K, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Martinez J, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for profenofos. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8445. [PMID: 38046200 PMCID: PMC10690445 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance profenofos in view of the possible lowering of the MRL. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. Existing EU MRLs are based on Codex Maximum Residue Limits still in place or reflect temporary MRLs set from monitoring data. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For some commodities, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.
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Carvalho S, Moreira L, Santos JI, Gaspar P, Gonçalves M, Matos L, David H, Encarnação M, Ribeiro D, Duarte AJ, Amaral O, Rocha H, Diogo L, Ferreira S, Santos C, Martins E, Neuparth T, Soares J, Ribeiro M, Ribeiro Pinho B, Oliveira N, Ascenção Oliveira JM, Prata MJ, Santos M, Alves S, Coutinho MF. Help Comes from Unexpected Places: How a Tiny Fairy and a Tropical Fish may help us Model Mucopolysaccharidoses. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023:EMIDDT-EPUB-135862. [PMID: 37937567 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303277318231024055425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When it comes to disease modeling, countless models are available for Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSD). Historically, two major approaches are well-established: in vitro assessments are performed in patient fibroblasts, while in vivo pre-clinical studies are performed in mouse models. Still, both platforms have a series of drawbacks. Thus, we implemented two alternative and innovative protocols to mimic a particular sub-group of LSDs, the Mucopolysaccharidoses both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The first one relies on a non-invasive approach using dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth (SHEDs). SHEDs are multipotent neuronal precursors that can easily be collected. The second uses a state-of-the-art gene editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9) to generate zebrafish disease models. RESULTS Even though this is an ongoing project, we have already established and characterized two MPS II and one MPS VI SHED cell models. These cells self-maintain through several passages and can give rise to a variety of cells including neurons. Furthermore, all MPS-associated sub-cellular phenotypes we have assessed so far are easily observable in these cells. Regarding our zebrafish models, we have successfully knocked down both naglu and hgsnat and the first results we got from the behavioral analysis are promising ones, as we can observe altered activity and sleep patterns in the genetically modified fish. For this particular approach we chose MPS III forms as our target disorders, since their neurological features (hyperactivity, seizures and motor impairment) and lifespan decrease would be easily recognizable in zebrafish. CONCLUSION Now that these methods are well-established in our lab, their potential is immense. On one hand, the newly developed models will be of ultimate value to understand the mechanisms underlying MPS sub-cellular pathology, which have to be further elucidated. On the other hand, they will constitute an optimal platform for drug testing in house. Also noteworthy, our models will be published as lab resources and made available for the whole LSD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
- Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, UTAD
| | - Liliana Matos
- University of Porto Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA Porto Portugal
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Hugo David
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto
| | - Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Diogo Ribeiro
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
| | - Ana Joana Duarte
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Olga Amaral
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, CHUC
| | - Sara Ferreira
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, CHUC
| | - Constança Santos
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, CHUC
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, CHUdSA
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- Endocrine Disrupters and Emerging Contaminants Group, CIMAR/CIIMAR, LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
| | - Joana Soares
- Endocrine Disrupters and Emerging Contaminants Group, CIMAR/CIIMAR, LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
| | - Marta Ribeiro
- Endocrine Disrupters and Emerging Contaminants Group, CIMAR/CIIMAR, LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
| | - Brígida Ribeiro Pinho
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto i4HB
| | - Nuno Oliveira
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto i4HB
| | - Jorge Miguel Ascenção Oliveira
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto i4HB
| | - Maria João Prata
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto
- 13i3S - Health research and innovation institute, University of Porto
| | - Miguel Santos
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto
- Endocrine Disrupters and Emerging Contaminants Group, CIMAR/CIIMAR, LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4 Animals
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Chukwubike K, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Martinez J, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for dicofol. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08425. [PMID: 38027437 PMCID: PMC10664694 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance dicofol in view of the possible lowering of the MRL. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. All existing EU MRLs reflect previously authorised uses in the EU or are based on obsolete Codex Maximum Residue Limits. Furthermore, in view of the limitations of the toxicological dataset and related uncertainties, the existing toxicological reference values derived at the EU level cannot be confirmed for dicofol. EFSA therefore proposed lowering all existing EU MRLs for dicofol to the limit of quantification.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue level for propamocarb in honey. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08422. [PMID: 38027435 PMCID: PMC10668633 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer AG Crop Science Division submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance propamocarb in honey. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for honey. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of propamocarb on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of propamocarb according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Chukwubike K, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Martinez J, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for diazinon. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08426. [PMID: 38035145 PMCID: PMC10687764 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance diazinon in view of the possible lowering of the MRL. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex MRLs, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For some commodities, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.
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21
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review for S-metolachlor. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08374. [PMID: 37886612 PMCID: PMC10598600 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for S-metolachlor in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. To address the data gaps, a new freezer storage stability study for S-metolachlor in commodities with high acid content was submitted. However, the data gap on storage stability was considered only partially addressed for strawberries because, in the absence of information on the storage time interval of the samples of the residue trials performed on strawberries, no conclusion on the validity of these trials could be drawn. The data gap on the lack of trials to support the good agricultural practice (GAP) on pineapples was not addressed. Consequently, the existing tentative MRLs for strawberries and pineapple cannot be confirmed and EFSA recommends lowering these MRLs to the enforcement limit of quantification (LOQ). Since a new lower LOQ for enforcement in high acid content commodities of 0.01 mg/kg has been validated, it is proposed to change the existing MRL value from 0.05* to 0.01* mg/kg for these two commodities.
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Manzoni S, Santos M, Leveugle A, Dekerle B, Garnier P, Maurice E, Decambron A, Mortier J, Manassero M, Viateau V. Preoperative computed tomography, surgical treatment and long-term outcomes of dogs with abscesses on migrating vegetal foreign bodies and oropharyngeal stick injuries: 39 cases (2010-2021). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:581-589. [PMID: 37382056 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated success rates of surgical treatment of head and neck abscesses and draining tracts for suspected migrating vegetal foreign body and oropharyngeal penetrating injuries, and compared the outcomes according to whether a vegetal foreign body was identified in preoperative computed tomography (CT) examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study involved 39 dogs that underwent CT and subsequent surgical exploration of abscesses and/or draining tracts in the head and neck, in a single institution between 2010 and 2021. Recorded data included signalment, history, physical examination, CT and surgical findings. The postoperative follow-up period was at least 8 months. Cases were classified according to whether a foreign body was identified on CT or was only suspected because of the presence of cavities and/or draining tracts on CT. RESULTS A vegetal foreign body was identified on CT in 11 of 39 cases and later confirmed at surgery in 10 cases. In 28 of 39 cases, a vegetal foreign body was not identified on CT, but in seven of these 28 cases it was found at surgery. Resolution of clinical signs was achieved in 11 of 11 cases when a vegetal foreign body was identified on CT and in 26 of 28 cases without a foreign body identified on CT. Two cases of recurrence were observed in animals in which no foreign body was detected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this population of dogs undergoing surgery after preoperative CT scan, we observed resolution of clinical signs after a single surgical procedure in 95% of the cases. All animals in which a foreign body was identified were cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manzoni
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Santos
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Leveugle
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - B Dekerle
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Garnier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E Maurice
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Decambron
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Mortier
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Manassero
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - V Viateau
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Correia Barão R, Santos M, Marques RE, Quintas AM, Guerra P. Keratoconus tomographic indices in osteogenesis imperfecta. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2585-2592. [PMID: 37074408 PMCID: PMC10432331 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare inherited disease affecting collagen-rich tissues. Ocular complications have been reported such as thin corneas, low ocular rigidity, keratoconus, among others. The purpose of this study is to characterize corneal tomographic features in OI patients compared to unaffected patients, with particular focus on commonly studied keratoconus indices. METHODS Cross-sectional case-control study including 37 OI patients and 37 age-matched controls. Patients and controls underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination including corneal Scheimpflug tomography with a Pentacam HR device (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) to analyse and compare topometric, tomographic, pachymetric and Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display III (BAD-D) data of both eyes of each patient. RESULTS Most OI patients had type I disease (n = 24; 65%) but type III-VII patients were also included. Two patients had clinically overt bilateral keratoconus. OI patients had significantly higher maximum keratometry (45.2 ± 2.1 vs. 43.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.0416), front and back elevation (3.0 ± 3.3 vs. 2.1 ± 1.3, p = 0.0201; 11.1 ± 8.2 vs. 5.0 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001), index of surface variance (25.5 ± 13 vs. 17.4 ± 8.3; p = 0.0016), index of vertical asymmetry (0.21 ± 0.14 vs. 0.15 ± 0.06; p = 0.0215), index of height asymmetry (9.2 ± 14 vs. 6.0 ± 4.5; p = 0.0421), index of height decentration (0.02 ± 0.01 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01; p < 0.0001) and average pachymetric progression (1.01 ± 0.19 vs. 0.88 ± 0.14; p < 0.0001) readings. Thinnest corneal thickness and maximum Ambrósio relational thickness were significantly lower (477 ± 52 vs. 543 ± 26; 387 ± 95 vs. 509 ± 49; p < 0.0001). Two-thirds of OI patients had corneas with a minimum thickness < 500 µm. BAD-D value was significantly higher in OI patients (2.1 ± 1.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION OI patients showed significant changes in corneal profiles compared with healthy subjects. A high proportion of patients had tomographically suspect corneas when using keratoconus diagnostic indices. Further studies are warranted to assess the true risk of corneal ectasia in OI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Correia Barão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Esteves Marques
- Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Miguel Quintas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
- Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
- Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for mefentrifluconazole in various commodities. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08237. [PMID: 37719918 PMCID: PMC10502649 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF Agro B.V. Arnhem (NL) Freienbach Branch submitted a request to the competent national authority in Austria to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance mefentrifluconazole in various crops and swine liver and other swine products. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of mefentrifluconazole in the plant commodities under consideration and in animal matrices at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. New data relevant to the data gaps on storage stability and feeding studies of triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs), that were identified during the peer review of confirmatory data of the TDMs, were submitted in support of the present MRL application. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of mefentrifluconazole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. EFSA noted a narrow safety margin with regard to acute exposure to mefentrifluconazole residues from the intake of spinaches if residues occur at the level of the proposed MRL. EFSA also performed an indicative risk assessment for the TDMs based on uses of mefentrifluconazole only. The estimated exposure for TDMs did not exceed the toxicological reference values.
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Lam YT, Lee BSL, Hung J, Michael P, Santos M, Tan RP, Liu R, Wise SG. Delivery of Therapeutic miRNA via Plasma-Polymerised Nanoparticles Rescues Diabetes-Impaired Endothelial Function. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2360. [PMID: 37630945 PMCID: PMC10459051 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognised as key regulators of the development and progression of many diseases due to their ability to modulate gene expression post-translationally. While this makes them an attractive therapeutic target, clinical application of miRNA therapy remains at an early stage and in part is limited by the lack of effective delivery modalities. Here, we determined the feasibility of delivering miRNA using a new class of plasma-polymerised nanoparticles (PPNs), which we have recently isolated and characterised. We showed that PPN-miRNAs have no significant effect on endothelial cell viability in vitro in either normal media or in the presence of high-glucose conditions. Delivery of a miRNA inhibitor targeting miR-503 suppressed glucose-induced miR-503 upregulation and restored the downstream mRNA expression of CCNE1 and CDC25a in endothelial cells. Subsequently, PPN delivery of miR-503 inhibitors enhanced endothelial angiogenesis, including tubulogenesis and migration, in culture conditions that mimic diabetic ischemia. An intramuscular injection of a PPN-miR-503 inhibitor promoted blood-perfusion recovery in the hindlimb of diabetic mice following surgically induced ischemia, linked with an increase in new blood vessel formation. Together, this study demonstrates the effective use of PPN to deliver therapeutic miRNAs in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Lam
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Bob S. L. Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Juichien Hung
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Praveesuda Michael
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Richard P. Tan
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review for fenbuconazole. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08205. [PMID: 37575616 PMCID: PMC10416013 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicant Corteva Agrosciences submitted a request to the competent national authority in Slovenia to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for fenbuconazole in the framework of the MRL review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. To address the Article 12 confirmatory data gaps, new residue trials analysing triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs) were submitted on grapefruits, lemons, apples, pears, peaches, cherries and blueberries. Following the assessment of submitted data, EFSA concluded that Article 12 confirmatory data gaps are considered addressed for grapefruits, oranges, lemons, limes, pome fruits, peaches, cherries and blueberries. The calculated livestock dietary burdens indicated that for the individual TDMs, the trigger value of 0.004 mg/kg bw day is not exceed from the intake of apple pomace and citrus dried pulp. The new information provided required the assessment of consumer exposure to TDMs, which identified no consumer intake concerns for the crops under consideration. No data were submitted to address the Article 12 confirmatory data gaps for tree nuts, apricots, plums, table grapes, wine grapes, cranberries, bananas, sweet peppers/bell peppers, cucurbits with edible/inedible peel, peanuts/groundnuts, sunflower seeds and rapeseeds/canola seeds, barley, rye and wheat. For these commodities, the existing EU MRL could be lowered to the enforcement LOQ.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue level for azoxystrobin in hops. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08124. [PMID: 37575615 PMCID: PMC10415988 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance azoxystrobin in hops. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for hops. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of azoxystrobin on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, noting that an acute risk assessment was not deemed necessary for azoxystrobin, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of azoxystrobin according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for difenoconazole in wheat and rye. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08207. [PMID: 37583943 PMCID: PMC10424063 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted an application to the competent national authority in Germany (evaluating Member State, EMS) to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance difenoconazole in wheat and rye grain. The data submitted in support of the request were found sufficient to derive MRL proposals for wheat and rye grain. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of difenoconazole in plant matrices under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. The submitted data indicate no need to modify the EU MRLs in animal commodities for the existing enforcement residue definition. EFSA concluded that the dietary exposure to difenoconazole residues from the intake of wheat and rye grain is low, noting that the impact of intended uses on the residues in animal commodities and the consumer exposure could not be properly addressed. Overall, the present risk assessment confirms a very narrow margin of safety for the overall chronic exposure and is considered provisional, pending the submission of confirmatory data on possible preferential metabolism/degradation of the four stereo isomers of difenoconazole in plants and animals and the impact of isomerisation on the toxicity of difenoconazole. The assessment is also affected by uncertainties related to the toxicological profile of animal metabolite CGA205375 and, additionally, it does not take into consideration triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs).
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for prothioconazole in sugar beet and chicory roots. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08198. [PMID: 37575618 PMCID: PMC10413182 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer CropScience Deutschland GmbH submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance prothioconazole in sugar beet roots and chicory roots. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for sugar beet roots and chicory root. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of prothioconazole on the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of prothioconazole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. An indicative exposure assessment to triazole derivative metabolites from the intended uses of prothioconazole did not indicate consumer intake concerns.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for pyrimethanil in table grapes, garlic and honey. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08195. [PMID: 37621323 PMCID: PMC10445192 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Ascenza Agro S.A. submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance pyrimethanil in table grapes, garlic and honey. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for table grapes, garlic and honey. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of pyrimethanil in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of pyrimethanil according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels or for flonicamid in kales, Chinese cabbages and kohlrabies. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08202. [PMID: 37575620 PMCID: PMC10413957 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant DLR-Rheinpfalz submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance flonicamid in Chinese cabbages, kales and kohlrabies. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of flonicamid, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (TFNA) and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine (TFNG) (sum expressed as flonicamid) in the commodities under consideration at the validated combined limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 mg/kg and the residues of flonicamid and TFNA-AM in animal matrices at the validated combined LOQ of 0.02 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of flonicamid according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene in potatoes. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08190. [PMID: 37554421 PMCID: PMC10405148 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Dormfresh limited submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene in potatoes. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene in potatoes and residues of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, M23 and M23 conjugates in animal matrices. The data gaps identified during the MRL review relevant to the identity of metabolites found at significant levels in the processing studies and the analytical methods for enforcement in animal matrices were considered satisfactorily addressed. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue level for trifloxystrobin in honey. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08189. [PMID: 37560438 PMCID: PMC10407724 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer AG Crop Science Division submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to set a maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance trifloxystrobin in honey. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for the commodity under assessment. An adequate analytical method for enforcement is available to control the residues of trifloxystrobin in honey at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the potential transfer of residues into honey assessed in the present MRL application of trifloxystrobin is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative and affected by uncertainties.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for isofetamid in certain salad plants. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08206. [PMID: 37564192 PMCID: PMC10411322 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant ISK Biosciences Europe N.V. submitted a request to the competent national authority in Belgium to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance isofetamid in certain salad plants. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for lamb's lettuces/corn salads, escaroles/broad leaved endives, cresses and other sprouts and shoots, land cresses, Roman rocket/rucola, red mustards, baby leaf crops (including brassica species) and other lettuces and salad plants. An adequate analytical method for enforcement is available to enforce the residues of isofetamid on the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the uses of isofetamid according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for metazachlor in leeks and honey. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08220. [PMID: 37608965 PMCID: PMC10441177 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance metazachlor in leeks and honey. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of metazachlor metabolites 479 M04, 479 M08 and 479 M16 in plant matrices and honey at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg for each analyte. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of metazachlor according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for acibenzolar-S-methyl in grapes. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08208. [PMID: 37564187 PMCID: PMC10411321 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Italy to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance acibenzolar-S-methyl in grapes. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for table and wine grapes. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of acibenzolar-S-methyl residues and of the metabolite acibenzolar acid (free and conjugated) in plant matrices at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of acibenzolar-S-methyl according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for fenarimol. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08113. [PMID: 37492499 PMCID: PMC10363964 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance fenarimol in view of the possible lowering of the MRLs. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex maximum residue limits, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification. EFSA performed a chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For some commodities, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Giner Santonja G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Perez JM, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review for napropamide. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08125. [PMID: 37485252 PMCID: PMC10358196 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicant UPL Europe Ltd submitted a request to the competent national authority in Slovenia to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for napropamide in the framework of the maximum residue levels (MRLs) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. To address the data gaps, a new storage stability study on grapes (high acid content commodity) was submitted while a metabolism study in fruit crops following foliar treatment, residue trials on fresh herbs and edible flowers and an analytical method for matrices difficult to analyse were not submitted. Therefore, only the data gap for storage stability was satisfactorily addressed. The new information provided required a revision of the tentative MRLs for commodities where confirmatory data were indicated. An update of the consumer risk assessment for napropamide was performed considering the new data submitted and it did not indicate any consumer intake concerns in relation to the chronic exposure.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for endosulfan. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08114. [PMID: 37522102 PMCID: PMC10373131 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance endosulfan in view of the possible lowering of the MRLs. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex maximum residue limits, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification or to an alternative MRL. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For all commodities, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels and setting of import tolerances for flupyradifurone and DFA in various crops and animal commodities. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08081. [PMID: 37448444 PMCID: PMC10336656 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer CropScience SA-NV submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) and to set import tolerances for the active substance flupyradifurone and its metabolite difluoroacetic acid (DFA) in various plant and animal commodities. The data submitted in support of the requests were found sufficient to derive MRL proposals for flupyradifurone and/or DFA in the crops under consideration. The calculated EU livestock dietary burden indicated that for several animal matrices the EU MRLs for flupyradifurone and/or DFA would need to be modified. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of both compounds in the plant and animal commodities under consideration, and in honey. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the proposed and authorised uses of flupyradifurone on various crops and subsequent residues of flupyradifurone and DFA in plant and animal commodities will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values and therefore is unlikely to pose a risk to consumers' health.
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Clayton ZE, Santos M, Shah H, Lu J, Chen S, Shi H, Kanagalingam S, Michael PL, Wise SG, Chong JJH. Plasma polymerized nanoparticles are a safe platform for direct delivery of growth factor therapy to the injured heart. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127996. [PMID: 37409168 PMCID: PMC10319252 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Heart failure due to myocardial infarction is a progressive and debilitating condition, affecting millions worldwide. Novel treatment strategies are desperately needed to minimise cardiomyocyte damage after myocardial infarction and to promote repair and regeneration of the injured heart muscle. Plasma polymerized nanoparticles (PPN) are a new class of nanocarriers which allow for a facile, one-step functionalization with molecular cargo. Methods: Here, we conjugated platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) to PPN, engineering a stable nano-formulation, as demonstrated by optimal hydrodynamic parameters, including hydrodynamic size distribution, polydisperse index (PDI) and zeta potential, and further demonstrated safety and bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. We delivered PPN-PDGF-AB to human cardiac cells and directly to the injured rodent heart. Results: We found no evidence of cytotoxicity after delivery of PPN or PPN-PDGFAB to cardiomyocytes in vitro, as determined through viability and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. We then measured contractile amplitude of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and found no detrimental effect of PPN on cardiomyocyte contractility. We also confirmed that PDGF-AB remains functional when bound to PPN, with PDGF receptor alpha positive human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac fibroblasts demonstrating migratory and phenotypic responses to PPN-PDGF-AB in the same manner as to unbound PDGF-AB. In our rodent model of PPN-PDGF-AB treatment after myocardial infarction, we found a modest improvement in cardiac function in PPN-PDGF-AB treated hearts compared to those treated with PPN, although this was not accompanied by changes in infarct scar size, scar composition, or border zone vessel density. Discussion: These results demonstrate safety and feasibility of the PPN platform for delivery of therapeutics directly to the myocardium. Future work will optimize PPN-PDGF-AB formulations for systemic delivery, including effective dosage and timing to enhance efficacy and bioavailability, and ultimately improve the therapeutic benefits of PDGF-AB in the treatment of heart failure cause by myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë E. Clayton
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haisam Shah
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juntang Lu
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siqi Chen
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Han Shi
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Praveesuda L. Michael
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James J. H. Chong
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for azocyclotin and cyhexatin. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08038. [PMID: 37304356 PMCID: PMC10251540 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substances azocyclotin and cyhexatin in view of the possible lowering of these MRLs. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex Maximum Residue Limits, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For some commodities under assessment, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.
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43
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels and setting of import tolerances for fluopyram in various crops. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08036. [PMID: 37284024 PMCID: PMC10240403 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer AG Crop Science Division submitted a request to the competent national authority in Italy to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance fluopyram in kiwi. Additionally, the applicants Bayer Crop Science SA and Bayer SAS Crop Science Division submitted two applications to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the MRLs for fluopyram in certain stem vegetables, seed spices, apples and soyabeans based on intended EU uses as well as to lower the existing EU MRL in pome fruits and to raise the existing EU MRL in peanuts on the basis of authorised use of fluopyram in the USA. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all the crops under assessment except for palm hearts and bamboo shoots. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fluopyram in commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term intake of residues resulting from the use of fluopyram according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. A long-term consumer intake concern is identified if the current MRL of 0.8 mg/kg in pome fruits is maintained and new MRLs for other commodities under consideration are supported, with apples being the highest contributing commodity to the diet for which exposure exceedances were noted. The chronic risk for consumers is unlikely if a lower MRL of 0.6 mg/kg in pome fruits proposed by the applicant is considered. Further risk manager considerations are required.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Cabrera LC, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Setting of import tolerances for sulfoxaflor in various crops. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08062. [PMID: 37313316 PMCID: PMC10258725 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Dow AgroSciences Ltd submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to set an import tolerance for the active substance sulfoxaflor in various crops. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive import tolerance proposals for cane fruits, blueberries, avocados, mangoes, pineapples, asparagus, globe artichokes, sunflower seeds and coffee beans. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of sulfoxaflor in plant matrices under consideration at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of sulfoxaflor according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Setting of import tolerance for pyraclostrobin in papayas. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08056. [PMID: 37313320 PMCID: PMC10258723 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to set an import tolerance for the active substance pyraclostrobin in papayas imported from Brazil. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive a maximum residue level (MRL) proposal for papayas. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of pyraclostrobin on the commodity under consideration at or above the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of pyraclostrobin on papayas imported from Brazil according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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46
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Binaglia M, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Crivellente F, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Istace F, Jarrah S, Lanzoni A, Leuschner R, Mangas I, Miron I, Nave S, Panzarea M, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Terron A, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for fenpropathrin. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08057. [PMID: 37342544 PMCID: PMC10277777 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance fenpropathrin in view of the possible lowering of the MRLs. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex Maximum Residue Limits, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification or to an alternative MRL. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions.
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47
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Moore MJ, Lam YT, Santos M, Tan RP, Yang N, Hung J, Li Z, Kilian KA, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Pitts JB, Menzel H, Wise SG. Evaluation of the Immune Response to Chitosan- graft-poly(caprolactone) Biopolymer Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37219536 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic scaffolds recreating key elements of the architecture and biological activity of the extracellular matrix have enormous potential for soft tissue engineering applications. Combining appropriate mechanical properties with select biological cues presents a challenge for bioengineering, as natural materials are most bioactive but can lack mechanical integrity, while synthetic polymers have strength but are often biologically inert. Blends of synthetic and natural materials, aiming to combine the benefits of each, have shown promise but inherently require a compromise, diluting down favorable properties in each polymer to accommodate the other. Here, we electrospun a material comprising chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, and polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely studied synthetic polymers used in materials engineering. In contrast to a classical blend, here PCL was chemically grafted onto the chitosan backbone to create chitosan-graft-polycaprolactone (CS-g-PCL) and then combined further with unmodified PCL to generate scaffolds with discreet chitosan functionalization. These small amounts of chitosan led to significant changes in scaffold architecture and surface chemistry, reducing the fiber diameter, pore size, and hydrophobicity. Interestingly, all CS-g-PCL-containing blends were stronger than control PCL, though with reduced elongation. In in vitro assessments, increasing the CS-g-PCL content led to significant improvements in in vitro blood compatibility compared to PCL alone while increasing fibroblast attachment and proliferation. In a mouse subcutaneous implantation model, a higher CS-g-PCL content improved the immune response to the implants. Macrophages in tissues surrounding CS-g-PCL scaffolds decreased proportionately to the chitosan content by up to 65%, with a corresponding decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that CS-g-PCL is a promising hybrid material comprising natural and synthetic polymers with tailorable mechanical and biological properties, justifying further development and in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Moore
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard P Tan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nianji Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Juichien Hung
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zihao Li
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Johannes B Pitts
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Abdou M, Monteiro CE, Brito P, Neuparth T, Pinheiro M, Santos M, Caetano M. Platinum Group Element distribution in water and marine biota from two impacted estuarine environments (Douro and Ave estuaries, Portugal). Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:114990. [PMID: 37167661 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Platinum Group Elements (PGEs) are contaminants of emerging environmental concern considering their continuous increasing use and subsequent release in the environment. While recent field studies provided PGE levels in seawater, scarce knowledge still exists regarding PGE contamination in marine organisms, especially for rhodium (Rh). Water, macroalgae and mussels were sampled along two representative urbanized estuarine systems and adjacent coastal areas (Douro and Ave estuaries, Portugal). Rhodium and platinum (Pt) concentrations were quantified through both stripping voltammetry and mass spectrometry in collected samples. Spatial mapping of PGE contamination was, to a certain extent, correlated with proxies of urban effluents. The use of Pt/Rh ratios reflected the dominant influence of PGE traffic emissions along the Douro and inputs from various sources (including industries) on the Ave Estuary. Macroalgae and mussels PGE concentrations reflected urban pressure, amplifying environmental signals, and supporting their relevant use as bioindicators of PGE contamination in estuarine/coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Abdou
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Monteiro
- Environmental Biogeochemistry, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marlene Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
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Grant AJ, Yang N, Moore MJ, Lam YT, Michael PL, Chan AHP, Santos M, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Tan RP, Wise SG. Selective NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Healing in Vascular Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2300521. [PMID: 37150865 PMCID: PMC10369291 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive interventions using drug-eluting stents or balloons are a first-line treatment for certain occlusive cardiovascular diseases, but the major long-term cause of failure is neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). The drugs eluted from these devices are non-specific anti-proliferative drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX) or sirolimus (SMS), which do not address the underlying inflammation. MCC950 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3-inflammasome, which drives sterile inflammation commonly observed in NIH. Additionally, in contrast to broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs, MCC950 does not compromise global immune function due this selective activity. In this study, MCC950 is found to not impact the viability, integrity, or function of human coronary endothelial cells, in contrast to the non-specific anti-proliferative effects of PTX and SMS. Using an in vitro model of NLRP3-mediated inflammation in murine macrophages, MCC950 reduced IL-1β expression, which is a key driver of NIH. In an in vivo mouse model of NIH in vascular grafts, MCC950 significantly enhanced re-endothelialization and reduced NIH compared to PTX or SMS. These findings show the effectiveness of a targeted anti-inflammatory drug-elution strategy with significant implications for cardiovascular device intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus J Grant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nianji Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew J Moore
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Praveesuda L Michael
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alex H P Chan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard P Tan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels in leeks and spring onions/green onions/Welsh onions resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08033. [PMID: 37260452 PMCID: PMC10227727 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF Agro B.V. Arnhem (NL) Freienbach Branch submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in leeks and spring onions/green onions/Welsh onions. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of potassium phosphonates in accordance with the proposed residue definition 'phosphonic acid and its salts expressed as phosphonic acid' on the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results and assuming that the exiting MRLs will be amended as proposed by EFSA in previous outputs, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Considering the toxicological profile of the active substance, a short-term dietary risk assessment was not required. The risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative because some MRL proposals derived by EFSA in the framework of the MRL review according to Articles 12 and 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 require further consideration by risk managers.
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