1
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The utility of mobile telephone-recorded videos as adjuncts to the diagnosis of seizures and paroxysmal events in children with suspected epileptic seizures. S Afr Med J 2022; 113:42-48. [PMID: 36537547 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i1.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is often diagnosed through clinical description, but inter-observer interpretations can be diverse and misleading. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of smartphone videos in the diagnosis of paediatric epilepsy. METHODS The literature was reviewed for evidence to support the use of smartphone videos, inclusive of advantages, ethical practice and potential disadvantages. An existing adult-based quality of video (QOV) scoring tool was adapted for use in children. A pilot study used convenience sampling of videos from 25 patients, which were reviewed to assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool against the subsequent diagnosis for the patients with videos. The referral mechanism of the videos was reviewed for the source and consent processes followed. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were identified. Methodologies varied; only three focused on videos of children, and QOV was formally scored in three. Studies found that smartphone videos of good quality assisted the differentiation of epilepsy from non-epileptic events, especially with accompanying history and with more experienced clinicians. The ethics and risks of circulation of smartphone videos were briefly considered in a minority of the reports. The pilot study found that the adapted QOV tool correlated with videos of moderate and high quality and subsequent diagnostic closure. CONCLUSIONS Data relating to the role of smartphone video of events in children is lacking, especially from low- and middle-income settings. Guidelines for caregivers to acquire good-quality videos are not part of routine practice. The ethical implications of transfer of sensitive material have not been adequately addressed for this group. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to formally assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool for paediatric videos.
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Kok XH, Imtiaz SA, Rodriguez-Villegas E. Assessing the Feasibility of Acoustic Based Seizure Detection. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2379-2389. [PMID: 35061585 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3144634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term monitoring of epilepsy patients outside of hospital settings is impractical due to the complexity and costs associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) systems. Alternative sensing modalities that can acquire, and automatically interpret signals through easy-to-use wearable devices, are needed to help with at-home management of the disease. In this paper, a novel machine learning algorithm is presented for detecting epileptic seizures using acoustic physiological signals acquired from the neck using a wearable device. METHODS Acoustic signals from an existing database, were processed, to extract their Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) which were used to train RUSBoost classifiers to identify ictal and non-ictal acoustic segments. A postprocessing stage was then applied to the segment classification results to identify seizures episodes. RESULTS Tested on 667 hours of acoustic data acquired from 15 patients with at least one seizure, the algorithm achieved a detection sensitivity of 88.1% (95% CI: 79%-97%) from a total of 36 seizures, out of which 24 had no motor manifestations, with a FPR of 0.83/h, and a median detection latency of -42 s. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated for the first time the ability to identify seizures using acoustic internal body signals acquired on the neck. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this paper validate the feasibility of using internal physiological sounds for seizure detection, which could potentially be of use for the development of novel, wearable, very simple to use, long term monitoring, or seizure detection systems; circumventing the practical limitations of EEG monitoring outside hospital settings, or systems based on sensing modalities that work on convulsive seizures only.
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3
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PAEDIATRIC SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN EPILEPSY: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO PREVENTION. Seizure 2022; 101:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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4
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Hubbard I, Beniczky S, Ryvlin P. The Challenging Path to Developing a Mobile Health Device for Epilepsy: The Current Landscape and Where We Go From Here. Front Neurol 2021; 12:740743. [PMID: 34659099 PMCID: PMC8517120 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.740743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure detection, and more recently seizure forecasting, represent important avenues of clinical development in epilepsy, promoted by progress in wearable devices and mobile health (mHealth), which might help optimizing seizure control and prevention of seizure-related mortality and morbidity in persons with epilepsy. Yet, very long-term continuous monitoring of seizure-sensitive biosignals in the ambulatory setting presents a number of challenges. We herein provide an overview of these challenges and current technological landscape of mHealth devices for seizure detection. Specifically, we display, which types of sensor modalities and analytical methods are available, and give insight into current clinical practice guidelines, main outcomes of clinical validation studies, and discuss how to evaluate device performance at point-of-care facilities. We then address pitfalls which may arise in patient compliance and the need to design solutions adapted to user experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hubbard
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Beniczky
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Surges R. Wearables bei Epilepsien. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1353-9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEpileptische Anfälle führen zu verschiedensten körperlichen Symptomen, die je nach Art und Ausprägung mit geeigneten Geräten gemessen werden und als Surrogatmarker epileptischer Anfälle dienen können. Dominierende motorische Symptome können mit Beschleunigungssensoren oder elektromyografisch erfasst werden. Bei fokalen Anfällen mit fehlender oder geringer motorischer Beteiligung können autonome Phänomene wie Änderungen der Herzrate, Atmung und des elektrischen Hautwiderstandes per Elektrokardiografie, Photopletysmografie und Hautsensoren gemessen werden. Die in den heutigen Wearables integrierten Sensoren können diese Körpersignale messen und zur automatisierten Anfallserkennung nutzbar machen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden verschiedene Sensortechnologien, Wearables und deren Anwendung zur automatisierten Erkennung epileptischer Anfälle vorgestellt, Gütekriterien zur Einschätzung mobiler Gesundheitstechnologien diskutiert und klinisch geprüfte Systeme zusammengefasst.
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6
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Hamlin A, Kobylarz E, Lever JH, Taylor S, Ray L. Assessing the feasibility of detecting epileptic seizures using non-cerebral sensor data. Comput Biol Med 2021; 130:104232. [PMID: 33516072 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the feasibility of using non-cerebral, time-series data to detect epileptic seizures. Data were recorded from fifteen patients (7 male, 5 female, 3 not noted, mean age 36.17 yrs), five of whom had a total of seven seizures. Patients were monitored in an inpatient setting using standard video-electroencephalography (vEEG), while also wearing sensors monitoring electrocardiography, electrodermal activity, electromyography, accelerometry, and audio signals (vocalizations). A systematic and detailed study was conducted to identify the sensors and the features derived from the non-cerebral sensors that contribute most significantly to separability of data acquired during seizures from non-seizure data. Post-processing of the data using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) shows that seizure data are strongly separable from non-seizure data based on features derived from the signals recorded. The mean area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for each individual patient that experienced a seizure during data collection, calculated using LDA, was 0.9682. The features that contribute most significantly to seizure detection differ for each patient. The results show that a multimodal approach to seizure detection using the specified sensor suite is promising in detecting seizures with both sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the study provides a means to quantify the contribution of each sensor and feature to separability. Development of a non-electroencephalography (EEG) based seizure detection device would give doctors a more accurate seizure count outside of the clinical setting, improving treatment and the quality of life of epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Kobylarz
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College (adjunct Appointment); and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, United States
| | - James H Lever
- Dartmouth College (adjunct Appointment) and U.S. Army ERDC, United States
| | - Susan Taylor
- Dartmouth College (adjunct Appointment) and U.S. Army ERDC, United States
| | - Laura Ray
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, United States.
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7
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Kim T, Nguyen P, Pham N, Bui N, Truong H, Ha S, Vu T. Epileptic Seizure Detection and Experimental Treatment: A Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32849189 PMCID: PMC7396638 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One-fourths of the patients have medication-resistant seizures and require seizure detection and treatment continuously to cope with sudden seizures. Seizures can be detected by monitoring the brain and muscle activities, heart rate, oxygen level, artificial sounds, or visual signatures through EEG, EMG, ECG, motion, or audio/video recording on the human head and body. In this article, we first discuss recent advances in seizure sensing, signal processing, time- or frequency-domain analysis, and classification algorithms to detect and classify seizure stages. Then, we show a strong potential of applying recent advancements in non-invasive brain stimulation technology to treat seizures. In particular, we explain the fundamentals of brain stimulation approaches, including (1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), (2) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (3) transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and how to use them to treat seizures. Through this review, we intend to provide a broad view of both recent seizure diagnoses and treatments. Such knowledge would help fresh and experienced researchers to capture the advancements in sensing, detection, classification, and treatment seizures. Last but not least, we provide potential research directions that would attract seizure researchers/engineers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Nhat Pham
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nam Bui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Hoang Truong
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sangtae Ha
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tam Vu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Ryvlin P, Cammoun L, Hubbard I, Ravey F, Beniczky S, Atienza D. Noninvasive detection of focal seizures in ambulatory patients. Epilepsia 2020; 61 Suppl 1:S47-S54. [PMID: 32484920 PMCID: PMC7754288 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reliably detecting focal seizures without secondary generalization during daily life activities, chronically, using convenient portable or wearable devices, would offer patients with active epilepsy a number of potential benefits, such as providing more reliable seizure count to optimize treatment and seizure forecasting, and triggering alarms to promote safeguarding interventions. However, no generic solution is currently available to reach these objectives. A number of biosignals are sensitive to specific forms of focal seizures, in particular heart rate and its variability for seizures affecting the neurovegetative system, and accelerometry for those responsible for prominent motor activity. However, most studies demonstrate high rates of false detection or poor sensitivity, with only a minority of patients benefiting from acceptable levels of accuracy. To tackle this challenging issue, several lines of technological progress are envisioned, including multimodal biosensing with cross‐modal analytics, a combination of embedded and distributed self‐aware machine learning, and ultra–low‐power design to enable appropriate autonomy of such sophisticated portable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila Cammoun
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Hubbard
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - France Ravey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Beniczky
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Atienza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Embedded Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been significant expansion of wearable technologies and devices into the health sector, including for conditions such as epilepsy. Although there is significant potential to benefit patients, there is a paucity of well-conducted scientific research in order to inform patients and healthcare providers of the most appropriate technology. In addition to either directly or indirectly identifying seizure activity, the ideal device should improve quality of life and reduce the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Devices typically monitor a number of parameters including electroencephalographic (EEG), cardiac, and respiratory patterns and can detect movement, changes in skin conductance, and muscle activity. Multimodal devices are emerging with improved seizure detection rates and reduced false positive alarms. While convulsive seizures are reliably identified by most unimodal and multimodal devices, seizures associated with no, or minimal, movement are frequently undetected. The vast majority of current devices detect but do not actively intervene. At best, therefore, they indicate the presence of seizure activity in order to accurately ascertain true seizure frequency or facilitate intervention by others, which may, nevertheless, impact the rate of SUDEP. Future devices are likely to both detect and intervene within an autonomous closed-loop system tailored to the individual and by self-learning from the analysis of patient-specific parameters. The formulation of standards for regulatory bodies to validate seizure detection devices is also of paramount importance in order to confidently ascertain the performance of a device; and this will be facilitated by the creation of a large, open database containing multimodal annotated data in order to test device algorithms. This paper is for the Special Issue: Prevent 21: SUDEP Summit - Time to Listen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Rugg-Gunn
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom; Epilepsy Society Research Centre, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
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10
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Schulze-Bonhage A, Böttcher S, Glasstetter M, Epitashvili N, Bruno E, Richardson M, V Laerhoven K, Dümpelmann M. [Mobile seizure monitoring in epilepsy patients]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:1221-1231. [PMID: 31673723 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-00822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearables are receiving much attention from both epilepsy patients and treating physicians, for monitoring of seizure frequency and warning of seizures. They are also of interest for the detection of seizure-associated risks of patients, for differential diagnosis of rare seizure types and prediction of seizure-prone periods. Accelerometry, electromyography (EMG), heart rate and further autonomic parameters are recorded to capture clinical seizure manifestations. Currently, a clinical use to document nocturnal motor seizures is feasible. In this review the available devices, data on the performance in the documentation of seizures, current options for clinical use and developments in data analysis are presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - S Böttcher
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - M Glasstetter
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - N Epitashvili
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - E Bruno
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College, London, Großbritannien
| | - M Richardson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College, London, Großbritannien
| | - K V Laerhoven
- Department Elektrotechnik und Informatik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Deutschland
| | - M Dümpelmann
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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11
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Amengual-Gual M, Ulate-Campos A, Loddenkemper T. Status epilepticus prevention, ambulatory monitoring, early seizure detection and prediction in at-risk patients. Seizure 2019; 68:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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12
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DeGiorgio CM, Curtis A, Hertling D, Moseley BD. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Risk factors, biomarkers, and prevention. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 139:220-230. [PMID: 30443951 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is one of the most important direct epilepsy-related causes of death, with an incidence in adults of 1.2 per 1000 person-years. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures have consistently emerged as the leading risk factor for SUDEP, particularly when such seizures are uncontrolled. High seizure burden, lack of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, polytherapy, intellectual disability, and prone position at the time of death are other key risk factors. Unfortunately, despite advances in treatment, overall mortality rates in epilepsy are rising. It is imperative that we learn more about SUDEP so that effective prevention strategies can be implemented. To help identify persons at greater risk of SUDEP and in need of closer monitoring, biomarkers are needed. Candidate biomarkers include electrocardiographic, electroencephalographic, and imaging abnormalities observed more frequently in those who have died suddenly and unexpectedly. As our knowledge of the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind SUDEP has increased, various preventative measures have been proposed. These include lattice pillows, postictal oxygen therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and inhibitors of opiate and adenosine receptors. Unfortunately, no randomized clinical trials are available to definitively conclude these measures are effective. Rather, gaining the best control of seizures possible (with AEDs, devices, and resective surgery) still remains the intervention with the best evidence to reduce the risk of SUDEP. In this evidence-based review, we explore the incidence of SUDEP and review the risk factors, biomarkers, and latest prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Curtis
- Undergraduate Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, UCLA Los Angeles California
| | - Dieter Hertling
- Undergraduate Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, UCLA Los Angeles California
| | - Brian D. Moseley
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio
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13
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Kurada AV, Srinivasan T, Hammond S, Ulate-Campos A, Bidwell J. Seizure detection devices for use in antiseizure medication clinical trials: A systematic review. Seizure 2019; 66:61-69. [PMID: 30802844 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study characterizes the current capabilities of seizure detection device (SDD) technology and evaluates the fitness of these devices for use in anti-seizure medication (ASM) clinical trials. METHODS Through a systematic literature review, 36 wireless SDDs featured in published device validation studies were identified. Each device's seizure detection capabilities that addressed ASM clinical trial primary endpoint measurement needs were cataloged. RESULTS The two most common types of seizures targeted by ASMs in clinical trials are generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures and focal with impaired awareness (FIA) seizures. The Brain Sentinel SPEAC achieved the highest performance for the detection of GTC seizures (F1-score = 0.95). A non-commercial wireless EEG device achieved the highest performance for the detection of FIA seizures (F1-score = 0.88). DISCUSSION A preliminary assessment of device capabilities for measuring selected ASM clinical trial secondary endpoints was performed. The need to address key limitations in validation studies is highlighted in order to support future assessments of SDD fitness for ASM clinical trial use. In tandem, a stepwise framework to streamline device testing is put forth. These suggestions provide a starting point for establishing SDD reporting requirements before device integration into ASM clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav V Kurada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tarun Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Hammond
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Ulate-Campos
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Hospital "Dr. Carlos Saenz Herrera", San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jonathan Bidwell
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 85 Fifth Street NW, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Autonomic aspects of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Clin Auton Res 2018; 29:151-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-018-0576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Gutierrez EG, Crone NE, Kang JY, Carmenate YI, Krauss GL. Strategies for non-EEG seizure detection and timing for alerting and interventions with tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 59 Suppl 1:36-41. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan E. Crone
- Department of Neurology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Joon Y. Kang
- Department of Neurology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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16
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Zhao X, Lhatoo SD. Seizure detection: do current devices work? And when can they be useful? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:40. [PMID: 29796939 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The unpredictability and apparent randomness of epileptic seizures is one of the most vexing aspects of epilepsy. Methods or devices capable of detecting seizures may help prevent injury or even death and significantly improve quality of life. Here, we summarize and evaluate currently available, unimodal, or polymodal detection systems for epileptic seizures, mainly in the ambulatory setting. RECENT FINDINGS There are two broad categories of detection devices: EEG-based and non-EEG-based systems. Wireless wearable EEG devices are now available both in research and commercial arenas. Neuro-stimulation devices are currently evolving and initial experiences of these show potential promise. As for non-EEG devices, different detecting systems show different sensitivity according to the different patient and seizure types. Regardless, when used in combination, these modalities may complement each other to increase positive predictive value. Although some devices with high sensitivity are promising, practical widespread use of such detection systems is still some way away. More research and experience are needed to evaluate the most efficient and integrated systems, to allow for better approaches to detection and prediction of seizures. The concept of closed-loop systems and prompt intervention may substantially improve quality of life for patients and carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhe Zhao
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Neurology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Samden D Lhatoo
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,NIH/NINDS Center for SUDEP Research, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan B. A. M. Arends
- Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Heeze The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Tele-Epilepsy Consortium; Utrecht The Netherlands
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18
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Identification of abnormal movements with 3D accelerometer sensors for seizure recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jal.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Chen H, Xue M, Mei Z, Bambang Oetomo S, Chen W. A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems for Monitoring Body Movements of Neonates. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E2134. [PMID: 27983664 PMCID: PMC5191114 DOI: 10.3390/s16122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of physical movements are indicative of infants' neuro-motor development and brain dysfunction. For instance, infant seizure, a clinical signal of brain dysfunction, could be identified and predicted by monitoring its physical movements. With the advance of wearable sensor technology, including the miniaturization of sensors, and the increasing broad application of micro- and nanotechnology, and smart fabrics in wearable sensor systems, it is now possible to collect, store, and process multimodal signal data of infant movements in a more efficient, more comfortable, and non-intrusive way. This review aims to depict the state-of-the-art of wearable sensor systems for infant movement monitoring. We also discuss its clinical significance and the aspect of system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Mengru Xue
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhenning Mei
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Sidarto Bambang Oetomo
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neonatology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven 5500 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Patient-centered design criteria for wearable seizure detection devices. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 64:116-121. [PMID: 27741462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a common neurological condition. Seizure diary reports and patient- or caregiver-reported seizure counts are often inaccurate and underestimated. Many caregivers express stress and anxiety about the patient with epilepsy having seizures when they are not present. Therefore, a need exists for the ability to recognize and/or detect a seizure in the home setting. However, few studies have inquired on detection device features that are important to patients and their caregivers. METHODS A survey instrument utilizing a population of patients and caregivers was created to obtain information on the design criteria most desired for patients with epilepsy in regard to wearable devices. RESULTS One thousand one hundred sixty-eight responses were collected. Respondents thought that sensors for muscle signal (61.4%) and heart rate (58.0%) would be most helpful followed by the O2 sensor (41.4%). There was more interest in these three sensor types than for an accelerometer (25.5%). There was very little interest in a microphone (8.9%), galvanic skin response sensor (8.0%), or a barometer (4.9%). Based on a rating scale of 1-5 with 5 being the most important, respondents felt that "detecting all seizures" (4.73) is the most important device feature followed by "text/email alerts" (4.53), "comfort" (4.46), and "battery life" (4.43) as an equally important group of features. Respondents felt that "not knowing device is for seizures" (2.60) and "multiple uses" (2.57) were equally the least important device features. Average ratings differed significantly across age groups for the following features: button, multiuse, not knowing device is for seizures, alarm, style, and text ability. The p-values were all<0.002. Eighty-two point five percent of respondents [95% confidence interval: 80.0%, 84.7%] were willing to pay more than $100 for a wearable seizure detection device, and 42.8% of respondents [95% confidence interval: 39.8%, 45.9%] were willing to pay more than $200. CONCLUSIONS Our survey results demonstrated that patients and caregivers have design features that are important to them in regard to a wearable seizure detection device. Overall, the ability to detect all seizures rated highest among respondents which continues to be an unmet need in the community with epilepsy in regard to seizure detection. Additional uses for a wearable were not as important. Based on our results, it is important that an alert (via test and/or email) for events be a portion of the system. A reasonable price point appears to be around $200 to $300. An accelerometer was less important to those surveyed when compared with the use of heart rate, oxygen saturation, or muscle twitches/signals. As further products become developed for use in other health arenas, it will be important to consider patient and caregiver desires in order to meet the need and address the gap in devices that currently exist.
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Van de Vel A, Smets K, Wouters K, Ceulemans B. Automated non-EEG based seizure detection: Do users have a say? Epilepsy Behav 2016; 62:121-8. [PMID: 27454332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality of life of patients with epilepsy depends largely upon unpredictability of seizure occurrence and would improve by predicting seizures or at least by detecting seizures (after their clinical onset) and react timely. Detection systems are available and researched, but little is known about the actual need and user preferences. The first indicates the market potential; the second allows us to incorporate user requirements into the engineering process. METHODS We questioned 20 pediatric and young adult patients, 114 caregivers, and 21 involved medical doctors and described, analyzed, and compared their experiences with systems for seizure detection, their opinions on usefulness and purpose of seizure detection, and their requirements for such a device. RESULTS Experience with detection systems is limited, but 65% of patients and caregivers and 85% of medical doctors express the usefulness, more so during night than day. The need is higher in patients with more severe intellectual disability. The higher the seizure frequency, the higher the need, opinions in the seizure-free group being more divided. Most patients and caregivers require 100% correct detection, and on average, one false alarm per seizure (one per week for those seizure-free) is accepted. Medical doctors allow 90% correct detections and between two false alarms per week and one per month depending on seizure frequency. Detection of seizures involving heavy movement and falls is judged most important by patients and caregivers and second to most by medical doctors. The latter judge heart rate monitoring most relevant, both towards seizure detection and SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy) prevention. CONCLUSIONS The results, including a goal of 90% correct detections and one false alarm per seizure, should be considered in development of seizure detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Van de Vel
- Department of Neurology - Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital - University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Smets
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital - University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Kristien Wouters
- Department of Statistics, University Hospital - University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology - Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital - University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Ulate-Campos A, Coughlin F, Gaínza-Lein M, Fernández IS, Pearl P, Loddenkemper T. Automated seizure detection systems and their effectiveness for each type of seizure. Seizure 2016; 40:88-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Van de Vel A, Cuppens K, Bonroy B, Milosevic M, Jansen K, Van Huffel S, Vanrumste B, Cras P, Lagae L, Ceulemans B. Non-EEG seizure detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: State of the art: Review and update. Seizure 2016; 41:141-53. [PMID: 27567266 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Detection of, and alarming for epileptic seizures is increasingly demanded and researched. Our previous review article provided an overview of non-invasive, non-EEG (electro-encephalography) body signals that can be measured, along with corresponding methods, state of the art research, and commercially available systems. Three years later, many more studies and devices have emerged. Moreover, the boom of smart phones and tablets created a new market for seizure detection applications. METHOD We performed a thorough literature review and had contact with manufacturers of commercially available devices. RESULTS This review article gives an updated overview of body signals and methods for seizure detection, international research and (commercially) available systems and applications. Reported results of non-EEG based detection devices vary between 2.2% and 100% sensitivity and between 0 and 3.23 false detections per hour compared to the gold standard video-EEG, for seizures ranging from generalized to convulsive or non-convulsive focal seizures with or without loss of consciousness. It is particularly interesting to include monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, as this may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy), and of movement, as many seizures have a motor component. CONCLUSION Comparison of research results is difficult as studies focus on different seizure types, timing (night versus day) and patients (adult versus pediatric patients). Nevertheless, we are convinced that the most effective seizure detection systems are multimodal, combining for example detection methods for movement and heart rate, and that devices should especially take into account the user's seizure types and personal preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Van de Vel
- Dept. of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Kris Cuppens
- Mobilab, Thomas More Kempen, Kleinhoefstraat 4, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - Bert Bonroy
- Mobilab, Thomas More Kempen, Kleinhoefstraat 4, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - Milica Milosevic
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven-Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Vanrumste
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Cras
- Dept. of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven-Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Youth Pulderbos, Reebergenlaan 4, B-2242 Zandhoven, Belgium.
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Dept. of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium; Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Youth Pulderbos, Reebergenlaan 4, B-2242 Zandhoven, Belgium.
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A Movement Monitor Based on Magneto-Inertial Sensors for Non-Ambulant Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Pilot Study in Controlled Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156696. [PMID: 27271157 PMCID: PMC4896626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of muscle strength and activity of upper limbs of non-ambulant patients with neuromuscular diseases is a major challenge. ActiMyo® is an innovative device that uses magneto-inertial sensors to record angular velocities and linear accelerations that can be used over long periods of time in the home environment. The device was designed to insure long-term stability and good signal to noise ratio, even for very weak movements. In order to determine relevant and pertinent clinical variables with potential for use as outcome measures in clinical trials or to guide therapy decisions, we performed a pilot study in non-ambulant neuromuscular patients. We report here data from seven Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients (mean age 18.5 ± 5.5 years) collected in a clinical setting. Patients were assessed while wearing the device during performance of validated tasks (MoviPlate, Box and Block test and Minnesota test) and tasks mimicking daily living. The ActiMyo® sensors were placed on the wrists during all the tests. Software designed for use with the device computed several variables to qualify and quantify muscular activity in the non-ambulant subjects. Four variables representative of upper limb activity were studied: the rotation rate, the ratio of the vertical component in the overall acceleration, the hand elevation rate, and an estimate of the power of the upper limb. The correlations between clinical data and physical activity and the ActiMyo® movement parameters were analyzed. The mean of the rotation rate and mean of the elevation rate appeared promising since these variables had the best reliability scores and correlations with task scores. Parameters could be computed even in a patient with a Brooke functional score of 6. The variables chosen are good candidates as potential outcome measures in non-ambulant patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and use of the ActiMyo® is currently being explored in home environment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01611597
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Villar JR, Vergara P, Menéndez M, de la Cal E, González VM, Sedano J. Generalized Models for the Classification of Abnormal Movements in Daily Life and its Applicability to Epilepsy Convulsion Recognition. Int J Neural Syst 2016; 26:1650037. [PMID: 27354194 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065716500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification and the modeling of epilepsy convulsions during everyday life using wearable devices would enhance patient anamnesis and monitoring. The psychology of the epilepsy patient penalizes the use of user-driven modeling, which means that the probability of identifying convulsions is driven through generalized models. Focusing on clonic convulsions, this pre-clinical study proposes a method for generating a type of model that can evaluate the generalization capabilities. A realistic experimentation with healthy participants is performed, each with a single 3D accelerometer placed on the most affected wrist. Unlike similar studies reported in the literature, this proposal makes use of [Formula: see text] cross-validation scheme, in order to evaluate the generalization capabilities of the models. Event-based error measurements are proposed instead of classification-error measurements, to evaluate the generalization capabilities of the model, and Fuzzy Systems are proposed as the generalization modeling technique. Using this method, the experimentation compares the most common solutions in the literature, such as Support Vector Machines, [Formula: see text]-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees and Fuzzy Systems. The event-based error measurement system records the results, penalizing those models that raise false alarms. The results showed the good generalization capabilities of Fuzzy Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Villar
- Computer Science Department, University of Oviedo, EIMEM, c/Independencia 13, Oviedo, Asturias 33004, Spain
| | - Paula Vergara
- Computer Science Department, University of Oviedo, EIMEM, c/Independencia 13, Oviedo, Asturias 33004, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez
- Cellular Morphology and Biology Department, University of Oviedo, School of Medicine, Avda. Julián Clavería 6, Oviedo, Asturias 33005, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Enrique de la Cal
- Computer Science Department, University of Oviedo, EIMEM, c/Independencia 13, Oviedo, Asturias 33004, Spain
| | - Víctor M. González
- Control and Automation Department, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, Edificio Departamental Oeste, Módulo 2, Gijón, Asturias 33204, Spain
| | - Javier Sedano
- Instituto Tecnológico de Castilla y León, Polígono Industrial Villalonquéjar. c/López Bravo, 70, Burgos, Burgos 09001, Spain
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Long-term accelerometry-triggered video monitoring and detection of tonic-clonic and clonic seizures in a home environment: Pilot study. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2016; 5:66-71. [PMID: 27144123 PMCID: PMC4840430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study was to test the efficacy of the VARIA system (video, accelerometry, and radar-induced activity recording) and validation of accelerometry-based detection algorithms for nocturnal tonic–clonic and clonic seizures developed by our team. Methods We present the results of two patients with tonic–clonic and clonic seizures, measured for about one month in a home environment with four wireless accelerometers (ACM) attached to wrists and ankles. The algorithms were developed using wired ACM data synchronized with the gold standard video-/electroencephalography (EEG) and then run offline on the wireless ACM signals. Detection of seizures was compared with semicontinuous monitoring by professional caregivers (keeping an eye on multiple patients). Results The best result for the two patients was obtained with the semipatient-specific algorithm which was developed using all patients with tonic–clonic and clonic seizures in our database with wired ACM. It gave a mean sensitivity of 66.87% and false detection rate of 1.16 per night. This included 13 extra seizures detected (31%) compared with professional caregivers' observations. Conclusion While the algorithms were previously validated in a controlled video/EEG monitoring unit with wired sensors, we now show the first results of long-term, wireless testing in a home environment.
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van Andel J, Thijs RD, de Weerd A, Arends J, Leijten F. Non-EEG based ambulatory seizure detection designed for home use: What is available and how will it influence epilepsy care? Epilepsy Behav 2016; 57:82-89. [PMID: 26926071 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) evaluate available systems and algorithms for ambulatory automatic seizure detection and (2) discuss benefits and disadvantages of seizure detection in epilepsy care. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to November 2014, using variations and synonyms of search terms "seizure prediction" OR "seizure detection" OR "seizures" AND "alarm". RESULTS Seventeen studies evaluated performance of devices and algorithms to detect seizures in a clinical setting. Algorithms detecting generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) had varying sensitivities (11% to 100%) and false alarm rates (0.2-4/24 h). For other seizure types, detection rates were low, or devices produced many false alarms. Five studies externally validated the performance of four different devices for the detection of GTCSs. Two devices were promising in both children and adults: a mattress-based nocturnal seizure detector (sensitivity: 84.6% and 100%; false alarm rate: not reported) and a wrist-based detector (sensitivity: 89.7%; false alarm rate: 0.2/24 h). SIGNIFICANCE Detection of seizure types other than GTCSs is currently unreliable. Two detection devices for GTCSs provided promising results when externally validated in a clinical setting. However, these devices need to be evaluated in the home setting in order to establish their true value. Automatic seizure detection may help prevent sudden unexpected death in epilepsy or status epilepticus, provided the alarm is followed by an effective intervention. Accurate seizure detection may improve the quality of life (QoL) of subjects and caregivers by decreasing burden of seizure monitoring and may facilitate diagnostic monitoring in the home setting. Possible risks are occurrence of alarm fatigue and invasion of privacy. Moreover, an unexpectedly high seizure frequency might be detected for which there are no treatment options. We propose that future studies monitor benefits and disadvantages of seizure detection systems with particular emphasis on QoL, comfort, and privacy of subjects and impact of false alarms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van Andel
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roland D Thijs
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland SEIN, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Heemstede, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Al de Weerd
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland SEIN, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Arends
- Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Leijten
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jory C, Shankar R, Coker D, McLean B, Hanna J, Newman C. Safe and sound? A systematic literature review of seizure detection methods for personal use. Seizure 2016; 36:4-15. [PMID: 26859097 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to review systematically the quality of evidence supporting seizure detection devices. The unpredictable nature of seizures is distressing and disabling for sufferers and carers. If a seizure can be reliably detected then the patient or carer could be alerted. It could help prevent injury and death. METHODS A literature search was completed. Forty three of 120 studies found using relevant search terms were suitable for systematic review which was done applying pre-agreed criteria using PRISMA guidelines. The papers identified and reviewed were those that could have potential for everyday use of patients in a domestic setting. Studies involving long term use of scalp electrodes to record EEG were excluded on the grounds of unacceptable restriction of daily activities. RESULTS Most of the devices focused on changes in movement and/or physiological signs and were dependent on an algorithm to determine cut off points. No device was able to detect all seizures and there was an issue with both false positives and missed seizures. Many of the studies involved relatively small numbers of cases or report on only a few seizures. Reports of seizure alert dogs are also considered. CONCLUSION Seizure detection devices are at a relatively early stage of development and as yet there are no large scale studies or studies that compare the effectiveness of one device against others. The issue of false positive detection rates is important as they are disruptive for both the patient and the carer. Nevertheless, the development of seizure detection devices offers great potential in the management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Jory
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Chy Govenek, Threemilestone Industrial Estate Truro TR4 9LD
| | - Rohit Shankar
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Chy Govenek, Threemilestone Industrial Estate Truro TR4 9LD; Exeter Medical School.
| | | | | | | | - Craig Newman
- Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust; Plymouth University
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Bidwell J, Khuwatsamrit T, Askew B, Ehrenberg JA, Helmers S. Seizure reporting technologies for epilepsy treatment: A review of clinical information needs and supporting technologies. Seizure 2015; 32:109-17. [PMID: 26552573 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review surveys current seizure detection and classification technologies as they relate to aiding clinical decision-making during epilepsy treatment. Interviews and data collected from neurologists and a literature review highlighted a strong need for better distinguishing between patients exhibiting generalized and partial seizure types as well as achieving more accurate seizure counts. This information is critical for enabling neurologists to select the correct class of antiepileptic drugs (AED) for their patients and evaluating AED efficiency during long-term treatment. In our questionnaire, 100% of neurologists reported they would like to have video from patients prior to selecting an AED during an initial consultation. Presently, only 30% have access to video. In our technology review we identified that only a subset of available technologies surpassed patient self-reporting performance due to high false positive rates. Inertial seizure detection devices coupled with video capture for recording seizures at night could stand to address collecting seizure counts that are more accurate than current patient self-reporting during day and night time use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bidwell
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 85 Fifth Street NW Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thanin Khuwatsamrit
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 85 Fifth Street NW Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittain Askew
- School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Helmers
- School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ramgopal S, Thome-Souza S, Jackson M, Kadish NE, Sánchez Fernández I, Klehm J, Bosl W, Reinsberger C, Schachter S, Loddenkemper T. Seizure detection, seizure prediction, and closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 37:291-307. [PMID: 25174001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one-third of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite optimal medication management. Systems employed to detect seizures may have the potential to improve outcomes in these patients by allowing more tailored therapies and might, additionally, have a role in accident and SUDEP prevention. Automated seizure detection and prediction require algorithms which employ feature computation and subsequent classification. Over the last few decades, methods have been developed to detect seizures utilizing scalp and intracranial EEG, electrocardiography, accelerometry and motion sensors, electrodermal activity, and audio/video captures. To date, it is unclear which combination of detection technologies yields the best results, and approaches may ultimately need to be individualized. This review presents an overview of seizure detection and related prediction methods and discusses their potential uses in closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ramgopal
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sigride Thome-Souza
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Department of Clinics Hospital of School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Jackson
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navah Ester Kadish
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropediatrics and Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iván Sánchez Fernández
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Klehm
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Bosl
- Department of Health Informatics, University of San Francisco School of Nursing and Health Professions, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Dept. of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Science, University of Paderborn, Germany; Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Steven Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Van de Vel A, Verhaert K, Ceulemans B. Critical evaluation of four different seizure detection systems tested on one patient with focal and generalized tonic and clonic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 37:91-4. [PMID: 25010322 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For long-term home monitoring of epileptic seizures, the measurement of extracerebral body signals such as abnormal movement is often easier and less obtrusive than monitoring intracerebral brain waves with electroencephalography (EEG). Non-EEG devices are commercially available but with little scientifically valid information and no consensus on which system works for which seizure type or patient. We evaluated four systems based on efficiency, comfort, and user-friendliness and compared them in one patient suffering from focal epilepsy with secondary generalization. The Emfit mat, Epi-Care device, and Epi-Care Free bracelet are commercially available alarm systems, while the VARIA (Video, Accelerometry, and Radar-Induced Activity recording) device is being developed by our team and requires offline analysis for seizure detection and does so by presenting the 5% or 10% (patient-specific) most abnormal movement events, irrespective of the number of seizures per night. As we chose to mimic the home situation, we did not record EEG and compared our results to the seizures reported by experienced staff that were monitoring the patient on a semicontinuous basis. This resulted in a sensitivity (sens) of 78% and false detection rate (FDR) of 0.55 per night for Emfit, sens 40% and FDR 0.41 for Epi-Care, sens 41% and FDR 0.05 for Epi-Care Free, and sens 56% and FDR 20.33 for VARIA. Good results were obtained by some of the devices, even though, as expected, nongeneralized and nonrhythmic motor seizures (involving the head only, having a tonic phase, or manifesting mainly as sound) were often missed. The Emfit mat was chosen for our patient, also based on user-friendliness (few setup steps), comfort (contactless), and possibility to adjust patient-specific settings. When in need of a seizure detection system for a patient, a thorough individual search is still required, which suggests the need for a database or overview including results of clinical trials describing the patient and their seizure types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Van de Vel
- Dept. of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Berten Ceulemans
- Dept. of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre for Children and Youth, Pulderbos, Belgium
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Cuppens K, Karsmakers P, Van de Vel A, Bonroy B, Milosevic M, Luca S, Croonenborghs T, Ceulemans B, Lagae L, Van Huffel S, Vanrumste B. Accelerometry-based home monitoring for detection of nocturnal hypermotor seizures based on novelty detection. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2013; 18:1026-33. [PMID: 24122607 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2013.2285015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nocturnal home monitoring of epileptic children is often not feasible due to the cumbersome manner of seizure monitoring with the standard method of video/EEG-monitoring. We propose a method for hypermotor seizure detection based on accelerometers attached to the extremities. From the acceleration signals, multiple temporal, frequency, and wavelet-based features are extracted. After determining the features with the highest discriminative power, we classify movement events in epileptic and nonepileptic movements. This classification is only based on a nonparametric estimate of the probability density function of normal movements. Such approach allows us to build patient-specific models to classify movement data without the need for seizure data that are rarely available. If, in the test phase, the probability of a data point (event) is lower than a threshold, this event is considered to be an epileptic seizure; otherwise, it is considered as a normal nocturnal movement event. The mean performance over seven patients gives a sensitivity of 95.24% and a positive predictive value of 60.04%. However, there is a noticeable interpatient difference.
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Van de Vel A, Cuppens K, Bonroy B, Milosevic M, Jansen K, Van Huffel S, Vanrumste B, Lagae L, Ceulemans B. Non-EEG seizure-detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: State of the art. Seizure 2013; 22:345-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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