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Islam M, Jones S, Ellis I. Role of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3001. [PMID: 38002001 PMCID: PMC10669635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a critical step in the process of carcinogenesis and a vast majority of cancer-related mortalities result from metastatic disease that is resistant to current therapies. Cell migration and invasion are the first steps of the metastasis process, which mainly occurs by two important biological mechanisms, i.e., cytoskeletal remodelling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Akt (also known as protein kinase B) is a central signalling molecule of the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been identified in a wide range of cancers. Several studies have revealed that Akt actively engages with the migratory process in motile cells, including metastatic cancer cells. The downstream signalling mechanism of Akt in cell migration depends upon the tumour type, sites, and intracellular localisation of activated Akt. In this review, we focus on the role of Akt in the regulation of two events that control cell migration and invasion in various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the status of PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors in clinical trials in metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islam
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK; (S.J.); (I.E.)
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Li Z, Liu J, Fu H, Li Y, Liu Q, Song W, Zeng M. SENP3 affects the expression of PYCR1 to promote bladder cancer proliferation and EMT transformation by deSUMOylation of STAT3. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8032-8045. [PMID: 36227136 PMCID: PMC9596220 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been found in various types of human cancers, including bladder cancer (BC). In our study, we examined the regulation of STAT3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) and found that SENP3 is high in bladder cancer. Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease3 (SENP3) and STAT3 were highly expressed in BC tissues when compared with tissue adjacent to carcinoma. SENP3 induced STAT3 protein level and p-STAT3 translocating into nuclear through deSUMOylation of STAT3. Further, nuclear STAT3, as a transcriptional activity factor, promoted pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 gene and protein level by interacting with the promoter of (PYCR1). Next, we found that knockdown of PYCR1 inhibited Epithelial to mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer, and simultaneously mitigated the carcinogenic effects of STAT3. In vitro, STAT3 knockdown in bladder cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast, SENP3 overexpression reversed these effects. In all, results lend novel insights into the regulation of STAT3, which has key roles in bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Huifeng Fu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Mingqiang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
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Seaweeds in the Oncology Arena: Anti-Cancer Potential of Fucoidan as a Drug—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186032. [PMID: 36144768 PMCID: PMC9506145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a discerning arena to search for the future generation of medications to treat a spectrum of ailments. Meanwhile, cancer is becoming more ubiquitous over the world, and the likelihood of dying from it is rising. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the mainstays of cancer treatment worldwide, but their extensive side effects limit their curative effect. The quest for low-toxicity marine drugs to prevent and treat cancer is one of the current research priorities of researchers. Fucoidan, an algal sulfated polysaccharide, is a potent therapeutic lead candidate against cancer, signifying that far more research is needed. Fucoidan is a versatile, nontoxic marine-origin heteropolysaccharide that has received much attention due to its beneficial biological properties and safety. Fucoidan has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of conventional bioactivities, such as antiviral, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory characteristics, and anticancer activity against a wide range of malignancies has also recently been discovered. Fucoidan inhibits tumorigenesis by prompting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, blocking metastasis and angiogenesis, and modulating physiological signaling molecules. This review compiles the molecular and cellular aspects, immunomodulatory and anticancer actions of fucoidan as a natural marine anticancer agent. Specific fucoidan and membranaceous polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava, Laminaria japonica, Fucus vesiculosus, Astragalus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Codium fragile serving as potential anticancer marine drugs are discussed in this review.
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Ketamine inhibits neuronal differentiation by regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105091. [PMID: 33440188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is widely used in pediatric anesthesia, perioperative sedation, and analgesia. Knowledge of anesthesia neurotoxicity in humans is currently limited by the difficulty of obtaining neurons and performing developmental toxicity studies in fetal and pediatric populations. However, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) derived from embryos at the preimplantation stage demonstrate an unlimited ability to self-renew and generate different cell types and are a valuable tool for clinical research. Thus, in this study, a model was employed to investigate the mechanism by which ketamine (200 nM) influences the neuronal differentiation of mESCs. Mouse ESCs were treated with an anesthetic dose of ketamine, and neuronal differentiation was significantly inhibited on day 5. Downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by shRNA was found to have the same inhibitory effect. Furthermore, a rescue experiment indicated that BDNF overexpression markedly restored the neuronal differentiation inhibited by ketamine in the ketamine/BDNF group on day 5. Taken together, these data suggested that ketamine inhibited the neuronal differentiation of mESCs, possibly by interfering with BDNF. The results of the current study may provide novel ideas for preventing ketamine toxicity in the developing fetus.
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Kuroshima K, Yoshino H, Okamura S, Tsuruda M, Osako Y, Sakaguchi T, Sugita S, Tatarano S, Nakagawa M, Enokida H. Potential new therapy of Rapalink-1, a new generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, against sunitinib-resistant renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1607-1618. [PMID: 32232883 PMCID: PMC7226215 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor including vascular endothelial growth factor, has been widely used as a first-line treatment against metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, mRCC often acquires resistance to sunitinib, rendering it difficult to treat with this agent. Recently, Rapalink-1, a drug that links rapamycin and the mTOR kinase inhibitor MLN0128, has been developed with excellent therapeutic effects against breast cancer cells carrying mTOR resistance mutations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of Rapalink-1 against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to temsirolimus, which is commonly used as a small molecule inhibitor of mTOR and is a derivative of rapamycin. In comparison with temsirolimus, Rapalink-1 showed significantly greater effects against proliferation, migration, invasion and cFolony formation in sunitinib-naïve RCC cells. Inhibition was achieved through suppression of the phosphorylation of substrates in the mTOR signal pathway, such as p70S6K, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and AKT. In addition, Rapalink-1 had greater tumor suppressive effects than temsirolimus against the sunitinib-resistant 786-o cell line (SU-R 786-o), which we had previously established, as well as 3 additional SU-R cell lines established here. RNA sequencing showed that Rapalink-1 suppressed not only the mTOR signaling pathway but also a part of the MAPK signaling pathway, the ErbB signaling pathway and ABC transporters that were associated with resistance to several drugs. Our study suggests the possibility of a new treatment option for patients with RCC that is either sunitinib-sensitive or sunitinib-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kuroshima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Okamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tsuruda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Osako
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kobliakov VA. The Mechanisms of Regulation of Aerobic Glycolysis (Warburg Effect) by Oncoproteins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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He C, Shan N, Xu P, Ge H, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wen L, Zhang F, Xiong L, Peng C, Qi H, Tong C, Baker PN. Hypoxia-induced Downregulation of SRC-3 Suppresses Trophoblastic Invasion and Migration Through Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR Pathway: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10349. [PMID: 31316078 PMCID: PMC6637123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by poor placentation, consequent on aberrant extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell function during placental development. The SRC family of proteins is important during pregnancy, especially SRC-3, which regulates placental morphogenesis and embryo survival. Although SRC-3 expression in mouse trophoblast giant cells has been documented, its role in the functional regulation of extravillous trophoblasts and the development of PE remains unknown. This study found that SRC-3 expression was significantly lower in placentas from PE pregnancies as compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. Additionally, both CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia and suppression of endogenous SRC-3 expression by lentivirus short hairpin RNA attenuated the migration and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that SRC-3 physically interacts with AKT to regulate the migration and invasion of HTR-8 cells, via the AKT/mTOR pathway. We also found that the inhibition of HTR-8 cell migration and invasion by CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia was through the SRC-3/AKT/mTOR axis. Our findings indicate that, in early gestation, accumulation of HIF-1α inhibits the expression of SRC-3, which impairs extravillous trophoblastic invasion and migration by directly interacting with AKT. This potentially leads to insufficient uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental hypoperfusion, and thus the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huisheng Ge
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liling Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Philip N Baker
- International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Sherbet GV. Statins: A Conceivable Remedial Role for the Regulation of Cancer Progression. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180611113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway (also known as the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway) plays a crucial metabolic role in normal cell function as well as in the pathological environment. It leads to the synthesis of sterol and non-sterol isoprenoid biomolecules which subserve a variety of cellular functions. It is known to be deregulated in many disease processes. Statins and bisphosphonates are prominent inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway. They inhibit cell proliferation and activate apoptotic signalling and suppress tumour growth. Statins subdue metastatic spread of tumours by virtue of their ability to suppress invasion and angiogenesis. The induction of autophagy is another feature of statin effects that could contribute to the suppression of metastasis. Herein highlighted are the major signalling systems that statins engage to generate these biological effects. Statins can constrain tumour growth by influencing the expression and function of growth factor and receptor systems. They may suppress epithelial mesenchymal transition with resultant inhibition of cell survival signalling, together with the inhibition of cancer stem cell generation, and their maintenance and expansion. They can suppress ER (oestrogen receptor)-α in breast cancer cells. Statins have been implicated in the activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase AMPK (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein) leading to the suppression of cell proliferation. Both statins and bisphosphonates can suppress angiogenic signalling by HIF (hypoxia- inducible factor)-1/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/VEGFR (VEGF receptor). Statins have been linked with improvements in disease prognosis. Also attributed to them is the ability of cancer prevention and reduction of risk of some forms of cancer. The wide spectrum of cancer associated events which these mevalonate inhibitors appear to influence would suggest a conceivable role for them in cancer management. However, much deliberation is warranted in the design and planning of clinical trials, their scope and definition of endpoints, modes risk assessment and the accrual of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan V. Sherbet
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Kim DY, Lim SG, Suk K, Lee WH. Mitochondrial dysfunction regulates the JAK-STAT pathway via LKB1-mediated AMPK activation ER-stress-independent manner. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:137-144. [PMID: 31071273 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria affect cellular functions alone or in cooperation with other cellular organelles. Recent research has demonstrated the close relationship of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both at the physical and the functional level. In an effort to define the combined effect of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) and ER stress in the proinflammatory activities of macrophages, the human macrophage-like monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was treated with mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) blockers, and changes in the cellular responses upon stimulation by interferon (IFN)-γ were analyzed. Inducing mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) with ETC blockers resulted in suppression of IFN-induced activation of JAK1 and STAT1/3, as well as the expression of STAT1-regulated genes. In addition, experiments utilizing pharmacological modulators of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-deficient HeLa cells demonstrated that these suppressive effects are mediated by the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of ER stress sensors failed to affect these processes, thus indicating that involvement of ER stress is not required. These results indicate that MD, induced by blocking the ETC, affects IFN-induced activation of JAK-STAT and associated inflammatory changes in THP-1 cells through the LKB1-AMPK pathway independently of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Shi J, Zhang W, He L, Kong F, Pan M, Guo J, Xu X, Guo J, Wang H, Wang Y. Jinlong capsule inhibits migration and invasion in human glioblastoma cells via the modulation of mTOR/S6 signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1023-1032. [PMID: 31114156 PMCID: PMC6497872 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s195409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the anticancer effects of Jinlong capsule (JLC) against human glioblastoma cells and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assay were adopted for the analysis of cell viability. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by transwell and wound healing assays. Then, the expression level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), S6 and phosphorylated S6 (p-S6) were determined by western blotting. Results: The results showed that JLC significantly inhibited human glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The expressions of p-mTOR and p-S6 were dramatically suppressed by JLC. Furtherly, inhibition of mTOR reduced the cell migration and invasion, while the mTOR agonist (MHY1485) could partially reverse the anti-migration and anti-invasion activity of JLC. Conclusion: The above results suggested that JLC would be a potential candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingren Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhong Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
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Baryla M, Kaczynski P, Goryszewska E, Riley SC, Waclawik A. Prostaglandin F 2α stimulates adhesion, migration, invasion and proliferation of the human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Placenta 2019; 77:19-29. [PMID: 30827352 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amount of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in the uterine lumen increases during the window of implantation in many mammals, including humans. We hypothesized that PGF2α regulates processes related to human embryo implantation. METHODS The effect of PGF2α was studied using an in vitro model of human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell line (HTR-8/SVneo). Adhesion, proliferation, invasion and migration assays, zymography for metalloproteinases (MMP) activity, and gene/protein expression analyses were applied. Doses of 100 nM and/or 1 μM of PGF2α and fluprostenol were used. PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), MMP9 and MMP2 proteins in the human first trimester placenta were localized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS This study is the first reporting the expression of PTGFR protein in the first trimester placenta, as well as in HTR-8/SVneo cells. PGF2α and fluprostenol increased HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and adhesion to extracellular matrix protein (P < 0.05). This effect was abolished by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor. PGF2α induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and MAPK1/3 (P < 0.05). PGF2α increased mRNA content and protein activity of MMP9, and gene and protein expression of interleukin-6 (P < 0.05). EVT cell migration and invasiveness were stimulated by PGF2α (P < 0.05). The PGF2α effect on cell invasion was reduced by inhibitors of MMP2, MMP9 and mTOR. In all experiments, the stimulatory effects of PGF2α were diminished by using a PTGFR antagonist. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest a significant role for PGF2α in mechanisms associated with implantation. PGF2α acting by PTGFR in HTR-8/SVneo cells stimulates their adhesion and proliferation through the MAPK signaling pathway and increases invasiveness inducing MMP proteolytic activity and mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Baryla
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewelina Goryszewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Simon C Riley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agnieszka Waclawik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Morgan EL, Wasson CW, Hanson L, Kealy D, Pentland I, McGuire V, Scarpini C, Coleman N, Arthur JSC, Parish JL, Roberts S, Macdonald A. STAT3 activation by E6 is essential for the differentiation-dependent HPV18 life cycle. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006975. [PMID: 29630659 PMCID: PMC5908086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) activate a number of host factors to control their differentiation-dependent life cycles. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is important for cell cycle progression and cell survival in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 requires phosphorylation on Ser727, in addition to phosphorylation on Tyr705 to be transcriptionally active. In this study, we show that STAT3 is essential for the HPV life cycle in undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Primary human keratinocytes containing high-risk HPV18 genomes display enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation compared to normal keratinocytes. Expression of the E6 oncoprotein is sufficient to induce the dual phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 and Tyr705 by a mechanism requiring Janus kinases and members of the MAPK family. E6-mediated activation of STAT3 induces the transcription of STAT3 responsive genes including cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL. Silencing of STAT3 protein expression by siRNA or inhibition of STAT3 activation by small molecule inhibitors, or by expression of dominant negative STAT3 phosphorylation site mutants, results in blockade of cell cycle progression. Loss of active STAT3 impairs HPV gene expression and prevents episome maintenance in undifferentiated keratinocytes and upon differentiation, lack of active STAT3 abolishes virus genome amplification and late gene expression. Organotypic raft cultures of HPV18 containing keratinocytes expressing a phosphorylation site STAT3 mutant display a profound reduction in suprabasal hyperplasia, which correlates with a loss of cyclin B1 expression and increased differentiation. Finally, increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation is observed in HPV positive cervical disease biopsies compared to control samples, highlighting a role for STAT3 activation in cervical carcinogenesis. In summary, our data provides evidence of a critical role for STAT3 in the HPV18 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Wasson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hanson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Kealy
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ieisha Pentland
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGuire
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L. Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Li G, Lin L, Wang YL, Yang H. 1,25(OH)2D3 Protects Trophoblasts Against Insulin Resistance and Inflammation Via Suppressing mTOR Signaling. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:223-232. [PMID: 29575997 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the primary cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) is pivotal to GDM pathogenesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of GDM. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for GDM. However, there are few reports on the effect of IR on GDM placentas. The present study aims to verify that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can ameliorate trophoblast IR by suppressing mTOR signaling. An IR BeWo cell model was established in the presence of high insulin and glucose medium. The IR level and mTOR activation with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment were evaluated. The IR cells exhibited excessive mTOR signaling activation, upregulated inflammatory factor levels, and extensive lipid infiltration. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 reversed mTOR activation and reduced the IR level and lipid infiltration. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in GDM placental explants blocked the aberrant, increased levels of leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6. Therefore, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment protects trophoblasts against high IR mainly through suppressing mTOR signaling, and this mechanism may serve as a potential therapy for patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ding L, Li S, Zhang Y, Gai J, Kou J. MXRA5 is decreased in preeclampsia and affects trophoblast cell invasion through the MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:248-255. [PMID: 28919298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia causes gestational failure in a significant number of women annually. Insufficient trophoblast cell invasion plays an essential role in preeclampsia pathogenesis. Matrix-remodeling associated 5 (MXRA5) is a proteoglycan involved in adhesion and matrix remodeling. This study sought to explore the role of MXRA5 in trophoblast cell invasion. Preeclamptic villi were obtained for the delineation of MXRA5 expression. Specific MXRA5 siRNA and pcDNA3.1/MXRA5 were used to manipulate MXRA5 expression in HTR-8/SVneo. Cell viability was determined by MTT and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cell invasion was evaluated using Matrigel invasion assay. MXRA5 expression was lower in preeclamptic villi and cytotrophoblasts. Silencing MXRA5 expression in HTR-8/SVneo decreased cell viability and invasion, which were augmented by MXRA5 overexpression. Furthermore, MXRA5 modulated N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression through p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling transduction. In addition, the expression of MXRA5 was influenced by exogenous TNF-α but not by IFN-γ. Overexpression of MXRA5 attenuated HTR-8/SVneo apoptosis induced by TNF-α. MXRA5 is downregulated in preeclamptic cytotrophoblasts and can regulate trophoblast cell invasion via the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ding
- The First Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Shaocong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanshang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Junfeng Gai
- Department of Gynaecology, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou 251700, China
| | - Jianfang Kou
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Zhengzhou Hospital of Jinan University, Zhengzhou Second Hospital, Zhengzhou 450006, China.
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15
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Chang CW, Wakeland AK, Parast MM. Trophoblast lineage specification, differentiation and their regulation by oxygen tension. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R43-R56. [PMID: 29259074 PMCID: PMC5741095 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the early embryo takes place under low oxygen tension. Under such conditions, the embryo implants and the trophectoderm, the outer layer of blastocyst, proliferate, forming the cytotrophoblastic shell, the early placenta. The cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) are the so-called epithelial 'stem cells' of the placenta, which, depending on the signals they receive, can differentiate into either extravillous trophoblast (EVT) or syncytiotrophoblast (STB). EVTs anchor the placenta to the uterine wall and remodel maternal spiral arterioles in order to provide ample blood supply to the growing fetus. STBs arise through CTB fusion, secrete hormones necessary for pregnancy maintenance and form a barrier across which nutrient and gas exchange can take place. The bulk of EVT differentiation occurs during the first trimester, before the onset of maternal arterial blood flow into the intervillous space of the placenta, and thus under low oxygen tension. These conditions affect numerous signaling pathways, including those acting through hypoxia-inducible factor, the nutrient sensor mTOR and the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response pathway. These pathways are known to be involved in placental development and disease, and specific components have even been identified as directly involved in lineage-specific trophoblast differentiation. Nevertheless, much controversy surrounds the role of hypoxia in trophoblast differentiation, particularly with EVT. This review summarizes previous studies on this topic, with the intent of integrating these results and synthesizing conclusions that resolve some of the controversy, but then also pointing to remaining areas, which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna K Wakeland
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic when progenitor cells are proliferating and differentiating. Influences operating at this time can permanently affect their structure and functional capacity, and the activity of enzyme systems and endocrine axes. It is now appreciated that such effects lay the foundations for a diverse array of diseases that become manifest many years later, often in response to secondary environmental stressors. Fetal development is underpinned by the placenta, the organ that forms the interface between the fetus and its mother. All nutrients and oxygen reaching the fetus must pass through this organ. The placenta also has major endocrine functions, orchestrating maternal adaptations to pregnancy and mobilizing resources for fetal use. In addition, it acts as a selective barrier, creating a protective milieu by minimizing exposure of the fetus to maternal hormones, such as glucocorticoids, xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. The placenta shows a remarkable capacity to adapt to adverse environmental cues and lessen their impact on the fetus. However, if placental function is impaired, or its capacity to adapt is exceeded, then fetal development may be compromised. Here, we explore the complex relationships between the placental phenotype and developmental programming of chronic disease in the offspring. Ensuring optimal placentation offers a new approach to the prevention of disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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17
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Kim CJ, Tambe Y, Mukaisho KI, Sugihara H, Kageyama S, Kawauchi A, Inoue H. Periostin suppresses in vivo invasiveness via PDK1/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in a mouse orthotopic model of bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4276-4284. [PMID: 28599427 PMCID: PMC5452989 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in the regulation of intercellular adhesion. The present study investigated the in vivo tumor suppressor function of periostin in a mouse orthotopic model of bladder cancer. Retroviral vectors were used to transfect human bladder cancer UMUC-3 cell line with periostin. Bladders of nude mice that were transurethrally instilled with periostin-expressing UMUC-3 cells were revealed to weigh less compared with bladders instilled with vector control cells. In total, five (83.3%) of six vector control UMUC-3 bladder tumors exhibited histological evidence of muscle invasion. However, none of the five periostin-expressing UMUC-3 bladder tumors revealed muscle invasion. Thick edematous lesions were present in the submucosa of periostin-expressing UMUC-3 bladder tumors. The expression of periostin also suppressed in vitro cell invasiveness of UMUC-3 cells without affecting cellular proliferation. The level of phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1), protein kinase B (Akt) and S6 ribosomal protein, a downstream protein of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was decreased in periostin-expressing UMUC-3 cells compared with vector control cells. Treatment with 100 ng/ml recombinant human periostin protein also suppressed cell invasiveness and phosphorylation of PDK1, Akt and S6 in UMUC-3 cells, consistent with results using periostin-expressing UMUC-3 cells. Treatment with PDK1, Akt and mTOR inhibitors significantly suppressed UMUC-3 cell invasiveness. These results demonstrate that periostin suppresses in vivo and in vitro invasiveness of bladder cancer via the PDK1/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Periostin may be useful as a potent chemotherapeutic agent by suppressing bladder cancer invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Jang Kim
- Department of Urology, Kohka Public Hospital, Kohka, Shiga 528-6024, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tambe
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Inoue
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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18
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Baines K, Renaud S. Transcription Factors That Regulate Trophoblast Development and Function. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 145:39-88. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Ko HS, Park BJ, Choi SK, Kang HK, Kim A, Kim HS, Park IY, Shin JC. STAT3 and ERK Signaling Pathways Are Implicated in the Invasion Activity by Oncostatin M through Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:761-8. [PMID: 26996579 PMCID: PMC4800369 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous studies have shown that oncostatin M (OSM) promotes trophoblast invasion activity through increased enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. We further investigated OSM-induced intracellular signaling mechanisms associated with these events in the immortalized human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of OSM on RNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and -9 in the first-trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) via Western blot. The selective signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 inhibitor, stattic, STAT3 siRNA, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) siRNA were used to investigate STAT3 and ERK activation by OSM. The effects of STAT3 and ERK inhibitors on OSM-induced enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and -9 and invasion activity were further determined via Western blot and gelatin zymography. RESULTS OSM-induced MMP-2 and -9 protein expression was significantly suppressed by STAT3 inhibition with stattic and STAT3 siRNA silencing, whereas the ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ERK silencing significantly suppressed OSM-induced MMP-2 protein expression. OSM-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activities were significantly decreased by stattic pretreatment. The increased invasion activity induced by OSM was significantly suppressed by STAT3 and ERK1/2 inhibition, though to a greater extent by STAT3 inhibition. CONCLUSION Both STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways are involved in OSM-induced invasion activity of HTR8/SVneo cells. Activation of STAT3 appears to be critical for the OSM-mediated increase in invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Joon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Shik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Wang L, Yu Y, Guan H, Liu T, Qiao C. 67-kDa Laminin receptor contributes to hypoxia-induced migration and invasion of trophoblast-like cells by mediating matrix metalloproteinase-9. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:549-58. [PMID: 25800042 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient trophoblast invasion often occurs in patients experiencing preeclampsia. The 67-kDa laminin receptor (LR1) is a multifunctional protein that binds to laminin and interacts with the extracellular matrix. We recently demonstrated that LR1 is implicated in trophoblast migration and invasion. However, whether LR1 is involved in hypoxia-mediated trophoblastic invasion remains unclear and requires further investigation. This study demonstrates that two trophoblast-like cell lines (JEG3 and BeWo cells) cultured at 3% oxygen exerted enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities as compared with their counterparts exposed to 20% oxygen. LR1 expression was increased in hypoxic JEG3 cells but decreased after transfection with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) specific siRNA. Moreover, shRNA targeting LR1 mRNA significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity in JEG3 cells. Forced overexpression of LR1 augmented JEG3 cell migration and invasion, and enhanced MMP-9 expression and activity. Additionally, the blockade of the MMP-9 effect with its neutralizing antibody reduced LR1 elevation-promoted trophoblastic invasion. In summary, this study demonstrates that LR1 contributes to hypoxia-induced migration and invasion of trophoblast cells at least partly by mediating MMP-9 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Zong S, Li C, Luo C, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang K, Jia W, Bai M, Yin M, Bao S, Guo J, Kang J, Duan T, Zhou Q. Dysregulated expression of IDO may cause unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion through suppression of trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19916. [PMID: 26814137 PMCID: PMC4728682 DOI: 10.1038/srep19916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion are important for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. Impaired trophoblast function has been implicated in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), a major complication of pregnancy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, is highly expressed in the placenta and serum during pregnancy. Here, we identified a novel function of IDO in regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. We showed that IDO expression and activity were decreased in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) compared to normal pregnancy. Furthermore, blocking IDO in human trophoblast cells led to reduced proliferation and migration, along with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and MMP9 expression. Increased STAT3 phosphorylation reversed the IDO knockdown-suppressed trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the overexpression of IDO promoted cell proliferation and migration, which could be abolished by the STAT3 signaling inhibitor (AG490). Finally, we observed similar reductions of STAT3 phosphorylation and MMP9 expression in URSA patients. These results indicate that the level of IDO expression may be associated with pregnancy-related complications, such as URSA, by affecting trophoblast cell proliferation and migration via the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zong
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chengfeng Luo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingliang Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minghong Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shihua Bao
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Punan hospital, Shanghai, 2000125, China
| | - jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
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22
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Chaiwangyen W, Ospina-Prieto S, Morales-Prieto DM, Pereira de Sousa FL, Pastuschek J, Fitzgerald JS, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Oncostatin M and leukaemia inhibitory factor trigger signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways but result in heterogeneous cellular responses in trophoblast cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:608-17. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) are pleiotropic cytokines present at the implantation site that are important for the normal development of human pregnancy. These cytokines share the cell membrane receptor subunit gp130, resulting in similar functions. The aim of this study was to compare the response to LIF and OSM in several trophoblast models with particular regard to intracellular mechanisms and invasion. Four trophoblast cell lines with different characteristics were used: HTR-8/SVneo, JEG-3, ACH-3P and AC1-M59 cells. Cells were incubated with LIF, OSM (both at 10 ng mL–1) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 inhibitor S3I-201 (200 µM). Expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 (tyr705) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (thr202/204) and the STAT3 DNA-binding capacity were analysed by Western blotting and DNA-binding assays, respectively. Cell viability and invasiveness were assessed by the methylthiazole tetrazolium salt (MTS) and Matrigel assays. Enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was investigated by zymography. OSM and LIF triggered phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK1/2, followed by a significant increase in STAT3 DNA-binding activity in all tested cell lines. Stimulation with LIF but not OSM significantly enhanced invasion of ACH-3P and JEG-3 cells, but not HTR-8/SVneo or AC1-M59 cells. Similarly, STAT3 inhibition significantly decreased the invasiveness of only ACH-3P and JEG-3 cells concomitant with decreases in secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9. OSM shares with LIF the capacity to activate ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways in all cell lines tested, but their resulting effects are dependent on cell type. This suggests that LIF and OSM may partially substitute for each other in case of deficiencies or therapeutic interventions.
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23
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Yuan J, Zhang F, Niu R. Multiple regulation pathways and pivotal biological functions of STAT3 in cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17663. [PMID: 26631279 PMCID: PMC4668392 DOI: 10.1038/srep17663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is both a transcription activator and an oncogene that is tightly regulated under normal physiological conditions. However, abundant evidence indicates that STAT3 is persistently activated in several cancers, with a crucial position in tumor onset and progression. In addition to its traditional role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, STAT3 also promotes cancer through altering gene expression via epigenetic modification, inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes in cancer cells, regulating the tumor microenvironment, and promoting cancer stem cells (CSCs) self-renewal and differentiation. STAT3 is regulated not only by the canonical cytokines and growth factors, but also by the G-protein-coupled receptors, cadherin engagement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and microRNA (miRNA). Despite the presence of diverse regulators and pivotal biological functions in cancer, no effective therapeutic inventions are available for inhibiting STAT3 and acquiring potent antitumor effects in the clinic. An improved understanding of the complex roles of STAT3 in cancer is required to achieve optimal therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Public Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, He Xi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, He Xi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, He Xi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Shen C, He J, Liu X, Ding Y, Gao R, Chen X. Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells via activation of the ERK and JNK pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:946-55. [PMID: 26359795 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that is a serious threat to human health. Numerous studies have shown that BaP causes adverse effects in pregnancy, but the mechanism remains unclear. The moderate invasion of trophoblast cells into the endometrium is an important factor during successful embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of BaP on the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells. HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) of BaP. The invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells were observed after BaP treatment. The protein levels related to migration and invasion was detected by Western blot. The results confirmed that BaP inhibits the migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. Further investigations indicated that the protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and E-cadherin in HTR-8/SVneo cells were changed by BaP treatment. Moreover, the data demonstrated that BaP activated the MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of MAPK rescued BaP-induced change in the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Taken together, our results indicated that BaP inhibits invasion and the migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, which might cause a failure in early pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Cha Shen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
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25
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Sati L, Soygur B, Celik-Ozenci C. Expression of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Downstream Targets in Normal and Gestational Diabetic Human Term Placenta. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:324-32. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115602765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Sati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bikem Soygur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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26
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Chiu CT, Chen JH, Chou FP, Lin HH. Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaf Extract Inhibits Human Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion via Down-Regulation of Akt/NF-kB/MMP-9 Pathway. Nutrients 2015; 7:5065-87. [PMID: 26115086 PMCID: PMC4516987 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf has been previously shown to possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity of H. sabdariffa leaf extract (HLE) are poorly understood. The object of the study was to examine the anti-invasive potential of HLE. First, HLE was demonstrated to be rich in polyphenols. The results of wound-healing assay and in vitro transwell assay revealed that HLE dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of human prostate cancer LNCaP (lymph node carcinoma of the prostate) cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Our results further showed that HLE exerted an inhibitory effect on the activity and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The HLE-inhibited MMP-9 expression appeared to be a consequence of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inactivation because its DNA-binding activity was suppressed by HLE. Molecular data showed all these influences of HLE might be mediated via inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt)/NF-κB/MMP-9 cascade pathway, as demonstrated by the transfection of Akt1 overexpression vector. Finally, the inhibitory effect of HLE was proven by its inhibition on the growth of LNCaP cells and the expressions of metastasis-related molecular proteins in vivo. These findings suggested that the inhibition of MMP-9 expression by HLE may act through the suppression of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn led to the reduced invasiveness of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tang Chiu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Fen-Pi Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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The placental mTOR-pathway: correlation with early growth trajectories following intrauterine growth restriction? J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 6:317-26. [PMID: 25989725 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a result of impaired placental nutrient supply. Newborns with IUGR exhibiting postnatal catch-up growth are of higher risk for cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities in adult life. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was recently shown to function as a placental nutrient sensor. Thus, we determined possible correlations of members of the placental mTOR signaling cascade with auxologic parameters of postnatal growth. The protein expression and activity of mTOR-pathway signaling components, Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase α, mTOR, p70S6kinase1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 were analysed via western blotting in IUGR v. matched appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) placentas. Moreover, mTOR was immunohistochemically stained in placental sections. Data from western blot analyses were correlated with retrospective auxological follow-up data at 1 year of age. We found significant catch-up growth in the 1st year of life in the IUGR group. MTOR and its activated form are immunohistochemically detected in multiple placental compartments. We identified correlations of placental mTOR-pathway signaling components to auxological data at birth and at 1 year of life in IUGR. Analysis of the protein expression and phosphorylation level of mTOR-pathway components in IUGR and AGA placentas postpartum, however, did not reveal pathognomonic changes. Our findings suggest that the level of activated mTOR correlates with early catch-up growth following IUGR. However, the complexity of signals converging at the mTOR nexus and its cellular distribution pattern seem to limit its potential as biomarker in this setting.
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Xiang H, Liu S, Zong C, Li Z, Liu Y, Ma X, Cao Y. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MTOR gene is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion in the Chinese female population. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 61:205-10. [PMID: 25848831 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.977499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a multi-factor disease. The mammalian target of the the rapamycin (MTOR) gene has been reported to be involved in mouse embryo development and regulates the proliferation of embryonic stem cells. Our study explored the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17027478 in the promoter region of MTOR gene and the development of RSA. A total of 306 patients with RSA and 127 healthy females as the controls were recruited in the case-control study. The predesigned TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay was adopted to analyze the association between rs17027478 and the development of RSA. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to analyze the function of the variant. It was found that a significant association exists between the variant and the risk of RSA among the patients who experienced no less than three spontaneous abortions (p = 0.043). However, the significant difference disappeared among the total samples (p = 0.524). Furthermore, we observed lower MTOR mRNA levels in the blood of RSA patients compared with healthy females (p = 0.020). The luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs17027478A allele significantly reduced the luciferase activity (p = 0.029). The results demonstrated that the variant rs17027478 in the promoter region of MTOR might be a good candidate responsible for the pathogenesis of RSA. Abbreviations RSA recurrent spontaneous abortion MTOR mammalian target of rapamycin SNP single nucleotide polymorphism qRT-PCR quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction URSA unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion mTORC1 mTOR complex 1 ESC embryonic stem cells HKE-293 human embryonic kidney 293 cells HWE Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ANOVA one-way analysis of variance.
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Angiogenesis in the placenta: the role of reactive oxygen species signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814543. [PMID: 25705690 PMCID: PMC4325211 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper placental development and function are central to the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A critical component of healthy placental function is the proper development of its vascular network. Poor vascularization of the placenta can lead to fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and in some cases fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which uterine stressors influence the development of the placental vasculature and contribute to placental dysfunction is of central importance to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. In this review we discuss how oxidative stress observed in maternal smoking, maternal obesity, and preeclampsia has been associated with aberrant angiogenesis and placental dysfunction resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also highlight that oxidative stress can influence the expression of a number of transcription factors important in mediating angiogenesis. Therefore, understanding how oxidative stress affects redox-sensitive transcription factors within the placenta may elucidate potential therapeutic targets for correcting abnormal placental angiogenesis and function.
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Saleiro D, Platanias LC. Intersection of mTOR and STAT signaling in immunity. Trends Immunol 2014; 36:21-9. [PMID: 25592035 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal regulation of immune networks is essential for the generation of effective immune responses, and defects in such networks can lead to immunodeficiency while uncontrolled responses can result in autoimmune disorders. mTOR and STAT signaling cascades are key regulators of the differentiation and function of cells of the immune system. Both pathways act as sensors and transducers of environmental stimuli, and recent evidence has revealed points of crosstalk between these pathways, highlighting synergistic regulation of immune cell differentiation and function. We review here the current understanding of mTOR and STAT interactions in T cells and innate immune cells, and discuss potential mechanisms underlying these events. We further outline models for the intersection of these pathways in the regulation of immunity and highlight important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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31
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Knuth A, Liu L, Nielsen H, Merril D, Torry DS, Arroyo JA. Placenta growth factor induces invasion and activates p70 during rapamycin treatment in trophoblast cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:330-40. [PMID: 25271148 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Aberrant trophoblast invasion has been associated with human intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Our objective was to determine placenta growth factor (PlGF)-mediated regulation of cell invasion in trophoblast cells with reduced mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. METHOD OF STUDY First trimester SW 71 trophoblast cells were subjected to invasion assays with the following conditions: 10% FBS, 10% FBS with Rapamycin, and 10% FBS with Rapamycin and PlGF. mTOR siRNA was also done in these cells. Western blots were performed on cell lysates with antibodies against phospho- and total mTOR, 70-kDa ribosomal protein kinase I (p70), 4EBP1, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (AKT). RESULTS Compared to controls, trophoblast cells showed: (i) a 33% decrease in invasion following Rapamycin treatment, (ii) protection from decreased invasion following Rapamycin and PlGF treatment, (iii) a 31% decrease in mTOR phosphorylation with Rapamycin, (iv) increased phosphorylation of p70 (43%) with Rapamycin and PlGF, and (v) a 76% decrease in invasion following mTOR depletion. CONCLUSION We conclude that first trimester trophoblast invasion is functionally decreased when phosphorylation of mTOR is prevented and this decrease is recovered with the addition of PlGF. Mechanistically, this recovery involves the phosphorylation of p70 independent of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Knuth
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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32
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Desforges M, Harris LK, Aplin JD. Elastin-derived peptides stimulate trophoblast migration and invasion: a positive feedback loop to enhance spiral artery remodelling. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:95-104. [PMID: 25245255 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin breakdown in the walls of uterine spiral arteries during early pregnancy facilitates their transformation into dilated, high-flow, low-resistance channels. Elastin-derived peptides (EDP) can influence cell migration, invasion and protease activity, and so we hypothesized that EDP released during elastolysis promote extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion and further elastin breakdown. Treatment of the trophoblast cell line SGHPL4 with the elastin-derived matrikine VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) significantly increased total elastase activity, promoted migration in a wound healing assay and increased invasion through Matrigel-coated transwells compared with vehicle control (0.1% DMSO) or the scrambled sequence VVGPGA. Furthermore, treatment of first-trimester placental villous explants with this EDP significantly increased both the area of trophoblast outgrowth and distance of migration away from the villous tips. Primary first-trimester cytotrophoblast exposed to VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) for 30 min showed increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, events also associated with tumour cell migration and invasion. These in vitro observations suggest liberation of bioactive EDP during induction of elastolysis in the uterine spiral arteries may orchestrate a positive feedback loop that promotes EVT invasion and further elastin breakdown, contributing to the process of vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Desforges
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Liu SC, Chen C, Chung CH, Wang PC, Wu NL, Cheng JK, Lai YW, Sun HL, Peng CY, Tang CH, Wang SW. Inhibitory effects of butein on cancer metastasis and bioenergetic modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9109-9117. [PMID: 25137351 DOI: 10.1021/jf502370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major obstacle for cancer treatment. Previous studies have shown that butein exhibits antiangiogenesis property and anticancer effects in different kinds of human cancer cells. However, the effects of butein on metastasis and energy metabolism of cancer cells are mostly unknown. This study showed that butein significantly inhibited invasion of cancer cells without acting in a cytotoxic fashion. It was further demonstrated that butien dramatically suppressed cancer metastasis by an in vivo CAM-intravasation model. Additionally, butein concentration-dependently repressed the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). The study indicated that butein may repress MMP-9 and uPA proteolytic activities and subsequently inhibit cancer metastasis via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K translational machinery. Moreover, butein may partly suppress cancer metastasis by down-regulating ATP synthesis via both oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. The results suggest that butein is a potential antimetastatic agent worthy of further development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chia Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedics, #Dermatology, and ⊥Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
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Nagirnaja L, Palta P, Kasak L, Rull K, Christiansen OB, Nielsen HS, Steffensen R, Esko T, Remm M, Laan M. Structural genomic variation as risk factor for idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:972-82. [PMID: 24827138 PMCID: PMC4285182 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a multifactorial disorder with acknowledged genetic heritability that affects ∼3% of couples aiming at childbirth. As copy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to contribute to reproductive disease susceptibility, we aimed to describe genome-wide profile of CNVs and identify common rearrangements modulating risk to RM. Genome-wide screening of Estonian RM patients and fertile controls identified excessive cumulative burden of CNVs (5.4 and 6.1 Mb per genome) in two RM cases possibly increasing their individual disease risk. Functional profiling of all rearranged genes within RM study group revealed significant enrichment of loci related to innate immunity and immunoregulatory pathways essential for immune tolerance at fetomaternal interface. As a major finding, we report a multicopy duplication (61.6 kb) at 5p13.3 conferring increased maternal risk to RM in Estonia and Denmark (meta-analysis, n = 309/205, odds ratio = 4.82, P = 0.012). Comparison to Estonian population-based cohort (total, n = 1000) confirmed the risk for Estonian female cases (P = 7.9 × 10(-4) ). Datasets of four cohorts from the Database of Genomic Variants (total, n = 5,846 subjects) exhibited similar low duplication prevalence worldwide (0.7%-1.2%) compared to RM cases of this study (6.6%-7.5%). The CNV disrupts PDZD2 and GOLPH3 genes predominantly expressed in placenta and it may represent a novel risk factor for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Nagirnaja
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Suman P, Gupta SK. STAT3 and ERK1/2 cross-talk in leukaemia inhibitory factor mediated trophoblastic JEG-3 cell invasion and expression of mucin 1 and Fos. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:65-74. [PMID: 24716848 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of STAT3 and ERK1/2 activation in leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-mediated invasion of JEG-3 cells. METHOD OF STUDY Matrigel matrix-based invasion assay; Western blot; cDNA microarray; quantitative RT-PCR; gene silencing by siRNA. RESULTS Leukaemia inhibitory factor treatment led to the activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways which was followed by changes in the expression of several invasion-associated molecules such as mucin1 (MUC1), Fos, Jun, etc. Abrogation of either STAT3 or ERK1/2 signaling reduced (P < 0.05) the LIF-mediated invasion of JEG-3 cells. It was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of both MUC1 and Fos, suggesting a common denominator in LIF-STAT3-ERK1/2 signaling. To this effect, we observed a decrease in LIF-mediated p-STAT3 (Ser727) upon blocking STAT3 or ERK1/2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS ERK1/2 as well as JAK-STAT-mediated STAT3 (Ser727) phosphorylation play an important role in LIF-mediated JEG-3 trophoblastic cell invasion and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Suman
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased interest in the pharmacologically active natural compounds isolated and used for remedies of various kinds of diseases, including cancer. The great deal of interest has been developed to isolate bioactive compounds from marine resources because of their numerous health beneficial effects. Among marine resources, marine algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds and has been used as an ingredient in some dietary supplement products. Fucoidan has various biological activities including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antitumor activities. So this chapter deals with anticancer effects of fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthu Senthilkumar
- Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Department of Marine Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science, Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
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Foster HA, Davies J, Pink RC, Turkcigdem S, Goumenou A, Carter DR, Saunders NJ, Thomas P, Karteris E. The human myometrium differentially expresses mTOR signalling components before and during pregnancy: evidence for regulation by progesterone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:166-72. [PMID: 23541542 PMCID: PMC3855612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies implicate the signalling of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a number of reproductive functions. To this date, there are no data regarding the expression of mTOR signalling components in the human myometrium during pregnancy. We hypothesized that mTOR-related genes might be differentially expressed in term or preterm labour as well as in labour or non-labour myometria during pregnancy. Using quantitative RT-PCR we demonstrate for first time that there is a significant downregulation of mTOR, DEPTOR, and Raptor in preterm labouring myometria when compared to non-pregnant tissues taken from the same area (lower segment). We used an immortalized myometrial cell line (ULTR) as an in vitro model to dissect further mTOR signalling. In ULTR cells DEPTOR and Rictor had a cytoplasmic distribution, whereas mTOR and Raptor were detected in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, indicative of mTORC1 shuttling. Treatment with inflammatory cytokines caused only minor changes in gene expression of these components, whereas progesterone caused significant down-regulation. We performed a non-biased gene expression analysis of ULTR cells using Nimblegen human gene expression microarray (n=3), and selected genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR in progesterone treated myometrial cells. Progesterone significantly down-regulated key components of the mTOR pathway. We conclude that the human myometrium differentially expresses mTOR signalling components and they can be regulated by progesterone. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Pregnancy and Steroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Foster
- Biosciences, Centre for Cell and Chromosome Biology, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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Halasz M, Polgar B, Berta G, Czimbalek L, Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone-induced blocking factor differentially regulates trophoblast and tumor invasion by altering matrix metalloproteinase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4617-30. [PMID: 23807209 PMCID: PMC11113625 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasiveness is a common feature of trophoblast and tumors; however, while tumor invasion is uncontrolled, trophoblast invasion is strictly regulated. Both trophoblast and tumor cells express high levels of the immunomodulatory progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), therefore, we aimed to test the possibility that PIBF might be involved in invasion. To this aim, we used PIBF-silenced or PIBF-treated trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo, and primary trophoblast) and tumor (HT-1080, A549, HCT116, PC3) cell lines. Silencing of PIBF increased invasiveness as well as MMP-2,-9 secretion of HTR8/SVneo, and decreased those of HT-1080 cells. PIBF induced immediate STAT6 activation in both cell lines. Silencing of IL-4Rα abrogated all the above effects of PIBF, suggesting that invasion-related signaling by PIBF is initiated through the IL-4Rα/PIBF-receptor complex. In HTR-8/SVneo, PIBF induced fast, but transient Akt and ERK phosphorylation, whereas in tumor cells, PIBF triggered sustained Akt, ERK, and late STAT3 activation. The late signaling events might be due to indirect action of PIBF. PIBF induced the expression of EGF and HB-EGF in HT-1080 cells. The STAT3-activating effect of PIBF was reduced in HB-EGF-deficient HT-1080 cells, suggesting that PIBF-induced HB-EGF contributes to late STAT3 activation. PIBF binds to the promoters of IL-6, EGF, and HB-EGF; however, the protein profile of the protein/DNA complex is different in the two cell lines. We conclude that in tumor cells, PIBF induces proteins, which activate invasion signaling, while-based on our previous data-PIBF might control trophoblast invasion by suppressing proinvasive genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transplantation/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HCT116 Cells
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Pregnancy Proteins/genetics
- Pregnancy Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/genetics
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/transplantation
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Halasz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
- Present Address: Systems Biology Ireland Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Livia Czimbalek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Julia Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
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39
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Intranuclear crosstalk between extracellular regulated kinase1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulates JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell invasion and proliferation. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:259845. [PMID: 24288470 PMCID: PMC3833059 DOI: 10.1155/2013/259845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasiveness of trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells is in part mediated via leukemia inhibitory factor- (LIF-) induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation at its ser727 binding site, possible crosstalk with intracellular MAPK signaling, and their functional implications are the object of the present investigation. JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells were cultured in presence/absence of LIF and the specific ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126). Phosphorylation of signaling molecules (p-STAT3 (ser727 and tyr705) and p-ERK1/2 (thr 202/tyr 204)) was assessed per Western blot. Immunocytochemistry confirmed results, but also pinpointed the location of phosphorylated signaling molecules. STAT3 DNA-binding capacity was studied with a colorimetric ELISA-based assay. Cell viability and invasion capability were assessed by MTS and Matrigel assays. Our results demonstrate that LIF-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 (tyr705 and ser727) is significantly increased after blocking ERK1/2. STAT3 DNA-binding capacity and cell invasiveness are enhanced after LIF stimulation and ERK1/2 blockage. In contrast, proliferation is enhanced by LIF but reduced after ERK1/2 inhibition. The findings herein show that blocking ERK1/2 increases LIF-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 DNA-binding capacity by an intranuclear crosstalk, which leads to enhanced invasiveness and reduced proliferation.
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40
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Brown seaweed fucoidan: biological activity and apoptosis, growth signaling mechanism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:366-74. [PMID: 23817097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds, being abundant sources of bioactive components have much interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown, red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. The sulfated polysaccharides are routinely used in biomedical research and have known biological activities. Fucoidan, a fucose-rich polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed has various biological functions including anticancer effects. Cellular damage induces growth arrest and tumor suppression by inducing apoptosis, the mechanism of cell death depends on the magnitude of DNA damage following exposure to anticancer agents. Apoptosis is mainly regulated by cell growth signaling molecules. Number of research studies evidenced that fucoidan shown to induce cytotoxicity of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis, and inhibits invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells. There are few articles discussing on fucoidan biological activity but no specific review on cancer and its signaling mechanism. Hence, this review discusses the brown seaweed fucoidan structure and some biological function and role in apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and growth signal mechanism on cancer.
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41
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Suman P, Malhotra SS, Gupta SK. LIF-STAT signaling and trophoblast biology. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25155. [PMID: 24416645 PMCID: PMC3876431 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that regulates several biological functions. This review focuses on the LIF-dependent STAT activation and its impact on modulation of trophoblast functions during embryo implantation. LIF is mainly produced by the maternal endometrium at the time of implantation while its receptors are present both on the endometrium and trophoblasts. It might influence blastocyst attachment through STAT3 activation and expression of integrins. After attachment of the blastocyst, trophoblasts undergo proliferation and differentiation into invasive EVTs and non-invasive STBs. Under in vitro conditions, LIF regulates all these processes through activation of STAT- and MAPK-dependent signaling pathways. The observations that LIF and STAT3 knockout mice are infertile further strengthen the notion about the critical involvement of LIF-mediated signaling during embryo implantation. Hence, a better understanding of LIF-STAT signaling would help in improving fertility as use of LIF in in vitro blastocyst culture improves the implanting ability of blastocyst after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Suman
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Saryu Malhotra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
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42
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus kaposin B induces unique monophosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 and MK2-mediated inactivation of the STAT3 transcriptional repressor TRIM28. J Virol 2013; 87:8779-91. [PMID: 23740979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02976-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and the inflammation-driven neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). A triad of processes, including abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells, aberrant angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation, characterize KS lesions. STAT3 is a key transcription factor governing these processes, and deregulation of STAT3 activity is linked to a wide range of cancers, including PEL and KS. Using primary human endothelial cells (ECs), I demonstrate that KSHV infection modulated STAT3 activation in two ways: (i) KSHV induced uncoupling of canonical tyrosine (Y) and serine (S) phosphorylation events while (ii) concomitantly inducing the phosphorylation and inactivation of TRIM28 (also known as KAP-1 or TIF-1β), a newly identified negative regulator of STAT3 activity. KSHV infection of primary ECs induced chronic STAT3 activation characterized by a shift from the canonical dual P-STAT3 Y705 S727 form to a mono P-STAT3 S727 form. Expression of the latent protein kaposin B promoted the unique phosphorylation of STAT3 at S727, in the absence of Y705, activated the host kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase 2 (MK2), and stimulated increased expression of STAT3-dependent genes, including CCL5, in ECs. TRIM28-mediated repression of STAT3 is relieved by phosphorylation of S473, and in vitro kinase assays identified TRIM28 S473 as a bona fide target of MK2. Together, these data suggest that kaposin B significantly contributes to the chronic inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of KS by unique activation of the proto-oncogene STAT3, coupled with MK2-mediated inactivation of the STAT3 transcriptional repressor TRIM28.
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43
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Chong ZZ, Yao Q, Li HH. The rationale of targeting mammalian target of rapamycin for ischemic stroke. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1598-607. [PMID: 23563259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the current limitation of therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality in the developed countries, to develop new therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease is urgently necessary. As a serine/threonine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation can mediate broad biological activities that include protein synthesis, cytoskeleton organization, and cell survival. mTOR functions through mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes and their multiple downstream substrates, such as eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, hypoxia inducible factor-1, and signal transducer and activator transcription 3, Yin Ying 1, Akt, protein kinase c-alpha, Rho GTPase, serum-and gucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1, etc. Specially, the role of mTOR in the central nervous system has been attracting considerable attention. Based on the ability of mTOR to prevent neuronal apoptosis, inhibit autophagic cell death, promote neurogenesis, and improve angiogenesis, mTOR may acquire the capability of limiting the ischemic neuronal death and promoting the neurological recovery. Consequently, to regulate the activity of mTOR holds a potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Cancer Center, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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44
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Haslinger P, Haider S, Sonderegger S, Otten JV, Pollheimer J, Whitley G, Knöfler M. AKT Isoforms 1 and 3 Regulate Basal and Epidermal Growth Factor-Stimulated SGHPL-5 Trophoblast Cell Migration in Humans1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:54. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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45
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Xu X, Fan Z, Kang L, Han J, Jiang C, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Jiao H, Lin J, Jiang K, Ding L, Zhang H, Cheng L, Fu H, Song Y, Jiang Y, Liu J, Wang R, Du N, Ye Q. Hepatitis B virus X protein represses miRNA-148a to enhance tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:630-45. [PMID: 23321675 DOI: 10.1172/jci64265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated in virus-related cancers; however, miRNA regulation of virus-related cancer development and progression remains poorly understood. Here, we report that miR-148a is repressed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) to promote cancer growth and metastasis in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor-interacting protein (HPIP) is an important regulator of cancer cell growth. We used miRNA target prediction programs to identify miR-148a as a regulator of HPIP. Expression of miR-148a in hepatoma cells reduced HPIP expression, leading to repression of AKT and ERK and subsequent inhibition of mTOR through the AKT/ERK/FOXO4/ATF5 pathway. HBx has been shown to play a critical role in the molecular pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. We found that HBx suppressed p53-mediated activation of miR-148a. Moreover, expression of miR-148a was downregulated in patients with HBV-related liver cancer and negatively correlated with HPIP, which was upregulated in patients with liver cancer. In cultured cells and a mouse xenograft model, miR-148a reduced the growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis of HBx-expressing hepatocarcinoma cells through inhibition of HPIP-mediated mTOR signaling. Thus, miR-148a activation or HPIP inhibition may be a useful strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Saito S, Nakashima A. Review: The role of autophagy in extravillous trophoblast function under hypoxia. Placenta 2013; 34 Suppl:S79-84. [PMID: 23306070 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a process for cellular cleaning through the removal of intracellular components in lysosomes, is a well conserved mechanism from yeast to mammalian cells, and also contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and of the energetic balance, in cellular and tissue remodeling, and cellular defense against extracellular insults and pathogens. The role of autophagy in placentation has been clarified. Autophagy is induced in trophoblasts under physiological hypoxia during early pregnancy and seems to have a role in placentation. Recent findings suggest that impaired autophagy might induce poor placentation in preeclamptic cases. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy and summarize the role of autophagy-related genes in placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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47
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Lee H, Kim JS, Kim E. Fucoidan from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus inhibits migration and invasion of human lung cancer cell via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50624. [PMID: 23226337 PMCID: PMC3511566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there has been an increased interest in the pharmacologically active natural products associated with remedies of various kinds of diseases, including cancer. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds and has long been used as an ingredient in some dietary supplement products. Although fucoidan has been known to have anti-cancer activity, the anti-metastatic effects and its detailed mechanism of actions have been poorly understood. Therefore, the aims of this study were to demonstrate the anti-metastatic functions of fucoidan and its mechanism of action using A549, a highly metastatic human lung cancer cell line. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fucoidan inhibits the growth of A549 cells at the concentration of 400 µg/ml. Fucoidan treatment of non-toxic dose (0-200 µg/ml) exhibits a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of the cancer cell via decreasing its MMP-2 activity. To know the mechanism of these inhibitory effects, Western blotting was performed. Fucoidan treatment down-regulates extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) pathways. Furthermore, fucoidan decreases the cytosolic and nuclear levels of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (p65). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that fucoidan exhibits anti-metastatic effect on A549 lung cancer cells via the down-regulation of ERK1/2 and Akt-mTOR as well as NF-kB signaling pathways. Hence, fucoidan can be considered as a potential therapeutic reagent against the metastasis of invasive human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyoung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Shu Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Euikyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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48
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Hong SM, Park CW, Cha HJ, Kwon JH, Yun YS, Lee NG, Kim DG, Nam HG, Choi KY. Rapamycin inhibits both motility through down-regulation of p-STAT3 (S727) by disrupting the mTORC2 assembly and peritoneal dissemination in sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:177-87. [PMID: 22875246 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a malignant epithelium neoplasm that originates from the bile epithelium and for which there are few therapeutic strategies. The mTOR pathway involved in many cellular processes was reported to be up-regulated in various cancers. We investigated the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in CC cell lines with different degrees of dedifferentiation and found that rapamycin could suppress the motility and the peritoneal dissemination of sarcomatoid SCK cells. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin decreased significantly the number of tumor nodules and prolonged the survival rates of nude mice inoculated with sarcomatoid CC cells. Prolonged treatments with rapamycin were found to disrupt the mTORC2 assembly and to reduce the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser 727. Rapamycin decreased both mRNA and protein levels of MMP2 and Twist1, which are regulated by STAT3 and associated with cancer metastasis. The overexpression of STAT3 S727A lacking the phosphorylation site resulted in significantly less sensitivity to rapamycin than the overexpression of STAT3 WT. Taken together, our results suggest that rapamycin could suppress the motility of sarcomatoid CC by down-regulating p-STAT3 (S727) through the impairment of mTORC2 assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Hong
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang, South Korea
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Rosario FJ, Sadovsky Y, Jansson T. Gene targeting in primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2012; 33:754-62. [PMID: 22831880 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies in primary human trophoblasts provide critical insights into placental function in normal and complicated pregnancies. Mechanistic studies in these cells require experimental tools to modulate gene expression. Lipid-based methods to transfect primary trophoblasts are fairly simple to use and allow for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids, but potential toxic effects limit these methods. Viral vectors are versatile transfection tools of native trophoblastic or foreign cDNAs, providing high transfection efficiency, low toxicity and stable DNA integration into the trophoblast genome. RNA interference (RNAi), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA, constitutes a powerful approach to silence trophoblast genes. However, off-target effects, such as regulation of unintended complementary transcripts, inflammatory responses and saturation of the endogenous RNAi machinery, are significant concerns. Strategies to minimize off-target effects include using multiple individual siRNAs, elimination of pro-inflammatory sequences in the siRNA construct and chemical modification of a nucleotide in the guide strand or of the ribose moiety. Tools for efficient gene targeting in primary human trophoblasts are currently available, albeit not yet extensively validated. These methods are critical for exploring the function of human trophoblast genes and may provide a foundation for the future application of gene therapy that targets placental trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rosario
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Mail Code 7836, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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50
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The involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E in extravillous trophoblast cell function. Placenta 2012; 33:717-24. [PMID: 22748716 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) are major players in placental implantation. They differentiate in the villous cell column, invade to the uterus and remodel the uterine spiral arteries. Trophoblast and tumor cells have similar invasion mechanisms, share similar biochemical mediators (e.g. c-myc, MMP9) and growth-factors (e.g. VEGF). The mRNA of these proteins has extremely structured 5-UTR and their translation is highly dependent on eukaryotic-translation-initiation-factor-4E (eIF4E). Cancer cells have elevated eIF4E and are more vulnerable to its silencing than normal cells. We speculated that like cancer, trophoblast function is highly eIF4E dependent. OBJECTIVE Analyze eIF4E involvement in EVT differentiation and function. STUDY DESIGN EIF4E levels were assessed in first-trimester human placentae and in placental explants before and after EVT differentiation. The effect of eIF4E knockdown (siRNA, ribavirin) on the phenotype of placental explant and EVT cell lines (HTR-8/SVNEO) was evaluated. Tested parameters included eIF4E and its target levels, migration, invasion, cell death, cell cycle and cell count. RESULTS High eIF4E levels were found in cytotrophoblast and especially EVT cells during their differentiation in the villi, compared to other placental cell types. EIF4E silencing increased cell death and cell cycle arrest in placental explants and HTR-8/SVNEO cells. Although it induced EVT outgrowth in the placental explants, it reduced HTR-8/SVNEO motility, reflecting the importance of using ex vivo models that include an intact placental microenvironment in its original architecture. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that eIF4E prevents final EVT differentiation and supports placental cell proliferation and survival. A balance between cell proliferation and differentiation is crucial for placental development and implantation.
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