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Niu YJ, Ren W, Liu G, Jin K, Zheng D, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Cui XS, Chen G, Li B. Clonally derived chicken primordial germ cell lines maintain biological characteristics and proliferative potential in long-term culture. Theriogenology 2024; 215:67-77. [PMID: 38011785 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) are important cells with significant implications in preserving genetic resources, chicken breeding and production, and basic research on genetics and development. Currently, chicken PGCs can be cultured long-term in vitro to produce single-cell clones. However, systematic exploration of the cellular characteristics of these single-cell clonal lines has yet to be conducted. In this study, single-cell clonal lines were established from male and female PGCs of Rugao Yellow Chicken and Shouguang Black Chicken, respectively, using a micropipette-based method for single-cell isolation and culture. Analysis of glycogen granule staining, mRNA expression of pluripotency marker genes (POUV, SOX2, NANOG), germ cell marker genes (DAZL, CVH), and SSEA-1, EMA-1, SOX2, C-KIT, and CVH protein expression showed positive results, indicating that PGCs maintain normal cellular properties after single-cell cloning. Furthermore, tests on proliferation ability and gene expression levels in PGC single-cell clonal lines showed high expression of the pluripotency-related genes and TERT compared to control PGCs, and PGC single-cell clonal lines demonstrated higher proliferation ability. Finally, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PGC single-cell clonal lines were established, and it was found that these single-cell clonal lines could still migrate into the gonads of recipients, suggesting their potential for germ-line transmission. This study systematically validated the normal cellular characteristics of PGC single-cell clonal lines, indicating that they could be applied in genetic modification research on chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Niu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangzheng Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Kumar D, Anand T, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Potential of transposon-mediated cellular reprogramming towards cell-based therapies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:527-544. [PMID: 32843912 PMCID: PMC7415244 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells present a seminal discovery in cell biology and promise to support innovative treatments of so far incurable diseases. To translate iPS technology into clinical trials, the safety and stability of these reprogrammed cells needs to be shown. In recent years, different non-viral transposon systems have been developed for the induction of cellular pluripotency, and for the directed differentiation into desired cell types. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of different transposon systems in iPS-based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- NCVTC, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Mariensee 31535, Germany
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Kumar D, Anand T, Vijayalakshmy K, Sharma P, Rajendran R, Selokar NL, Yadav PS, Kumar D. Transposon mediated reprogramming of buffalo fetal fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells in feeder free culture conditions. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:252-260. [PMID: 30703616 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commonly, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated by viral transduction of four core reprogramming genes, but recent evidences suggest that slightly different combination of transcription factors improve the efficiency and quality of generated iPS cells. However, vectors like retro- and lentiviral may cause insertional mutagenesis due to its integrating ability. Hence, alternate methods with safety concerns are needed to be investigated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to reprogram buffalo fibroblasts using non-viral piggyBac (PB) transposon mediated transfer of six transcription factors. To generate buffalo iPS cells, fibroblasts were isolated from buffalo fetus at passage 2. The cells were co-electroporated with a PB transposon having CAGGS promoter driven cassette of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc, Nanog, and Lin28 transcription factors separated by self-cleaving 2A peptide and a helper plasmid pCMV-PB transposase. After 12-14 days post electroporation, fibroblast cells morphology was observed to change to round structures which formed loose aggregates of cells on day 18. Putative iPS cell colonies were propagated in feeder free system and characterized through expression of pluripotency markers such as alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, SSEA-5, TRA-1-81, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 and endogenous genes supported the stemness property of the generated cells. These cells differentiated in vitro to form embryoid bodies and were found to express three germ layers markers. In conclusion, generation of buffalo iPS cells using transposon system provides insights into viral-free iPS technology which will facilitate genetic modification of the buffalo genome and help in the production of transgenic animals using genetically modified iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- NCVTC, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Kennady Vijayalakshmy
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Papori Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rasika Rajendran
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffalo, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
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4
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Haridhasapavalan KK, Borgohain MP, Dey C, Saha B, Narayan G, Kumar S, Thummer RP. An insight into non-integrative gene delivery approaches to generate transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene 2018; 686:146-159. [PMID: 30472380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade ago, a landmark study that reported derivation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming fibroblasts has transformed stem cell research attracting the interest of the scientific community worldwide. These cells circumvent the ethical and immunological concerns associated with embryonic stem cells, and the limited self-renewal ability and restricted differentiation potential linked to adult stem cells. iPSCs hold great potential for understanding basic human biology, in vitro disease modeling, high-throughput drug testing and discovery, and personalized regenerative medicine. The conventional reprogramming methods involving retro- and lenti-viral vectors to deliver reprogramming factors in somatic cells to generate iPSCs nullify the clinical applicability of these cells. Although these gene delivery systems are efficient and robust, they carry an enormous risk of permanent genetic modifications and are potentially tumorigenic. To evade these safety concerns and derive iPSCs for human therapy, tremendous technological advancements have resulted in the development of non-integrating viral- and non-viral approaches. These gene delivery techniques curtail or eliminate the risk of any genomic alteration and enhance the prospects of iPSCs from bench-to-bedside. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of non-integrating viral (adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, and Sendai virus vectors) and DNA-based, non-viral (plasmid transfection, minicircle vectors, transposon vectors, episomal vectors, and liposomal magnetofection) approaches that have the potential to generate transgene-free iPSCs. The understanding of these techniques could pave the way for the use of iPSCs for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bitan Saha
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Viral Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Behringer R, Gertsenstein M, Nagy KV, Nagy A. Reprogramming Mouse Fibroblasts with piggyBac Transposons. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2017; 2017:pdb.prot092627. [PMID: 28974653 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka and his student Kazutoshi Takahashi showed that the expression of only four specific genes is sufficient to reprogram fully differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. These cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, share many of their characteristics with embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this protocol, we describe one of the simplest ways of generating iPS cells from mouse fibroblasts. It combines an efficient transposon-mediated transfection and the tetracycline-inducible system to control the expression of the Yamanaka reprogramming factors.
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Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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7
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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9
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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10
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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11
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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12
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Lin M, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Chen J, Puliafito BR, Gilbert SR, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Integrative transcriptome network analysis of iPSC-derived neurons from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with 22q11.2 deletion. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:105. [PMID: 27846841 PMCID: PMC5111260 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2 DS) are a specific high-risk group for developing schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Several genes in the deleted region have been implicated in the development of SZ, e.g., PRODH and DGCR8. However, the mechanistic connection between these genes and the neuropsychiatric phenotype remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular consequences of 22q11.2 deletion in early neural development, we carried out RNA-seq analysis to investigate gene expression in early differentiating human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of 22q11.2 DS SZ and SAD patients. METHODS Eight cases (ten iPSC-neuron samples in total including duplicate clones) and seven controls (nine in total including duplicate clones) were subjected to RNA sequencing. Using a systems level analysis, differentially expressed genes/gene-modules and pathway of interests were identified. Lastly, we related our findings from in vitro neuronal cultures to brain development by mapping differentially expressed genes to BrainSpan transcriptomes. RESULTS We observed ~2-fold reduction in expression of almost all genes in the 22q11.2 region in SZ (37 genes reached p-value < 0.05, 36 of which reached a false discovery rate < 0.05). Outside of the deleted region, 745 genes showed significant differences in expression between SZ and control neurons (p < 0.05). Function enrichment and network analysis of the differentially expressed genes uncovered converging evidence on abnormal expression in key functional pathways, such as apoptosis, cell cycle and survival, and MAPK signaling in the SZ and SAD samples. By leveraging transcriptome profiles of normal human brain tissues across human development into adulthood, we showed that the differentially expressed genes converge on a sub-network mediated by CDC45 and the cell cycle, which would be disrupted by the 22q11.2 deletion during embryonic brain development, and another sub-network modulated by PRODH, which could contribute to disruption of brain function during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided evidence for disruption of potential molecular events in SZ patient with 22q11.2 deletion and related our findings from in vitro neuronal cultures to functional perturbations that can occur during brain development in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Benjamin R. Puliafito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Stephanie R. Gilbert
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY USA
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Narayanavari SA, Chilkunda SS, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z. Sleeping Beauty transposition: from biology to applications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:18-44. [PMID: 27696897 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1237935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleeping Beauty (SB) is the first synthetic DNA transposon that was shown to be active in a wide variety of species. Here, we review studies from the last two decades addressing both basic biology and applications of this transposon. We discuss how host-transposon interaction modulates transposition at different steps of the transposition reaction. We also discuss how the transposon was translated for gene delivery and gene discovery purposes. We critically review the system in clinical, pre-clinical and non-clinical settings as a non-viral gene delivery tool in comparison with viral technologies. We also discuss emerging SB-based hybrid vectors aimed at combining the attractive safety features of the transposon with effective viral delivery. The success of the SB-based technology can be fundamentally attributed to being able to insert fairly randomly into genomic regions that allow stable long-term expression of the delivered transgene cassette. SB has emerged as an efficient and economical toolkit for safe and efficient gene delivery for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel A Narayanavari
- a Mobile DNA , Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Shreevathsa S Chilkunda
- a Mobile DNA , Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- b Division of Medical Biotechnology , Paul Ehrlich Institute , Langen , Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- a Mobile DNA , Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
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15
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Pluripotent stem cells and livestock genetic engineering. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:289-306. [PMID: 26894405 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The unlimited proliferative ability and capacity to contribute to germline chimeras make pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) perfect candidates for complex genetic engineering. The utility of ESCs is best exemplified by the numerous genetic models that have been developed in mice, for which such cells are readily available. However, the traditional systems for mouse genetic engineering may not be practical for livestock species, as it requires several generations of mating and selection in order to establish homozygous founders. Nevertheless, the self-renewal and pluripotent characteristics of ESCs could provide advantages for livestock genetic engineering such as ease of genetic manipulation and improved efficiency of cloning by nuclear transplantation. These advantages have resulted in many attempts to isolate livestock ESCs, yet it has been generally concluded that the culture conditions tested so far are not supportive of livestock ESCs self-renewal and proliferation. In contrast, there are numerous reports of derivation of livestock induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with demonstrated capacity for long term proliferation and in vivo pluripotency, as indicated by teratoma formation assay. However, to what extent these iPSCs represent fully reprogrammed PSCs remains controversial, as most livestock iPSCs depend on continuous expression of reprogramming factors. Moreover, germline chimerism has not been robustly demonstrated, with only one successful report with very low efficiency. Therefore, even 34 years after derivation of mouse ESCs and their extensive use in the generation of genetic models, the livestock genetic engineering field can stand to gain enormously from continued investigations into the derivation and application of ESCs and iPSCs.
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16
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Rungarunlert S, Ferreira JN, Dinnyes A. Novel Bioreactor Platform for Scalable Cardiomyogenic Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1502:169-79. [PMID: 27044041 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Generation of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a common and valuable approach to produce large amount of cells for various applications, including assays and models for drug development, cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering. All these applications would benefit from a reliable bioreactor-based methodology to consistently generate homogenous PSC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) at a large scale, which can further undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation. The goal of this chapter is to describe a scalable method to consistently generate large amount of homogeneous and synchronized EBs from PSCs. This method utilizes a slow-turning lateral vessel bioreactor to direct the EB formation and their subsequent cardiomyogenic lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 11 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119083, Singapore
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos u. 26, Gödöllö, 2100, Hungary.,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Pater K. u. 1, Gödöllö, 2100, Hungary
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17
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Hu C, Li L. Current reprogramming systems in regenerative medicine: from somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Med 2015; 11:105-32. [PMID: 26679838 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) paved the way for research fields including cell therapy, drug screening, disease modeling and the mechanism of embryonic development. Although iPSC technology has been improved by various delivery systems, direct transduction and small molecule regulation, low reprogramming efficiency and genomic modification steps still inhibit its clinical use. Improvements in current vectors and the exploration of novel vectors are required to balance efficiency and genomic modification for reprogramming. Herein, we set out a comprehensive analysis of current reprogramming systems for the generation of iPSCs from somatic cells. By clarifying advantages and disadvantages of the current reprogramming systems, we are striding toward an effective route to generate clinical grade iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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18
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Talluri TR, Kumar D, Glage S, Garrels W, Ivics Z, Debowski K, Behr R, Niemann H, Kues WA. Derivation and characterization of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells by transposon-mediated reprogramming. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:131-40. [PMID: 25826726 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a seminal breakthrough in stem cell research and are promising tools for advanced regenerative therapies in humans and reproductive biotechnology in farm animals. iPSCs are particularly valuable in species in which authentic embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines are yet not available. Here, we describe a nonviral method for the derivation of bovine iPSCs employing Sleeping Beauty (SB) and piggyBac (PB) transposon systems encoding different combinations of reprogramming factors, each separated by self-cleaving peptide sequences and driven by the chimeric CAGGS promoter. One bovine iPSC line (biPS-1) generated by a PB vector containing six reprogramming genes was analyzed in detail, including morphology, alkaline phosphatase expression, and typical hallmarks of pluripotency, such as expression of pluripotency markers and formation of mature teratomas in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, the biPS-1 line allowed a second round of SB transposon-mediated gene transfer. These results are promising for derivation of germ line-competent bovine iPSCs and will facilitate genetic modification of the bovine genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumala R Talluri
- 1 Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Skipper KA, Mikkelsen JG. Delivering the Goods for Genome Engineering and Editing. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:486-97. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zhao D, Lin M, Chen J, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Fourcade HM, Zheng D, Lachman HM. MicroRNA Profiling of Neurons Generated Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder, and 22q11.2 Del. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132387. [PMID: 26173148 PMCID: PMC4501820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We are using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study neuropsychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2 microdeletions (del), the most common known schizophrenia (SZ)-associated genetic factor. Several genes in the region have been implicated; a promising candidate is DGCR8, which codes for a protein involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. We carried out miRNA expression profiling (miRNA-seq) on neurons generated from iPSCs derived from controls and SZ patients with 22q11.2 del. Using thresholds of p<0.01 for nominal significance and 1.5-fold differences in expression, 45 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected (13 lower in SZ and 32 higher). Of these, 6 were significantly down-regulated in patients after correcting for genome wide significance (FDR<0.05), including 4 miRNAs that map to the 22q11.2 del region. In addition, a nominally significant increase in the expression of several miRNAs was found in the 22q11.2 neurons that were previously found to be differentially expressed in autopsy samples and peripheral blood in SZ and autism spectrum disorders (e.g., miR-34, miR-4449, miR-146b-3p, and miR-23a-5p). Pathway and function analysis of predicted mRNA targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed enrichment for genes involved in neurological disease and psychological disorders for both up and down regulated miRNAs. Our findings suggest that: i. neurons with 22q11.2 del recapitulate the miRNA expression patterns expected of 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency, ii. differentially expressed miRNAs previously identified using autopsy samples and peripheral cells, both of which have significant methodological problems, are indeed disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders and likely have an underlying genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - H. Matthew Fourcade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Zhou C, Cai X, Fu Y, Wei X, Fu N, Xie J, Lin Y. Tetraploid complementation proves pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:39-46. [PMID: 25430589 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been displayed after producing adult mice, in tetraploid complementation assays. These studies lead us to the last piece of the puzzle for reprogramming somatic cells into fully pluripotent cells which function as embryonic stem cells in most applications. However, in all of previous studies, skin fibroblasts were used as the starting population for reprogramming, raising questions as to whether the pluripotency of the iPS cells was dependent on the particular starting cell type. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our iPS cell lines were prepared from murine adipose stem cells (ASCs). Their multi-potency was first tested by teratoma formation in nude mice. Then, tetraploid complementation was performed to generate progeny from them. RESULTS We succeeded to the birth of viable and fertile adult mice derived entirely from reprogrammed ASC, indicating cell types other than fibroblasts can also be restored to the embryonic level of pluripotency. CONCLUSIONS We also directed differentiation of iPS cells into chondrocytes, thus adipose-derived iPS cells can be used as models to study chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Talluri TR, Kumar D, Glage S, Garrels W, Ivics Z, Debowski K, Behr R, Kues WA. Non-viral reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells by Sleeping Beauty and piggyBac transposons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:581-7. [PMID: 24928388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represents a promising approach for innovative cell therapies. The original method requires viral transduction of several reprogramming factors, which may be associated with an increased risk of tumorigenicity. Transposition of reprogramming cassettes represents a recent alternative to viral approaches. Since binary transposons can be produced as common plasmids they provide a safe and cost-efficient alternative to viral delivery methods. Here, we compared the efficiency of two different transposon systems, Sleeping Beauty (SB) and piggyBac (PB), for the generation of murine iPS. Murine fibroblasts derived from an inbred BL/6 mouse line carrying a pluripotency reporter, Oct4-EGFP, and fibroblasts derived from outbred NMRI mice were employed for reprogramming. Both transposon systems resulted in the successful isolation of murine iPS cell lines. The reduction of the core reprogramming factors to omit the proto-oncogene c-Myc was compatible with iPS cell line derivation, albeit with reduced reprogramming efficiencies. The transposon-derived iPS cells featured typical hallmarks of pluripotency, including teratoma growth in immunodeficient mice. Thus SB and PB transposons represent a promising non-viral approach for iPS cell derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumala R Talluri
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany; National Research Center on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany; Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany.
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IS2-mediated overexpression of kfoC in E. coli K4 increases chondroitin-like capsular polysaccharide production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3955-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nemes C, Varga E, Polgar Z, Klincumhom N, Pirity MK, Dinnyes A. Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by protein transduction. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:383-92. [PMID: 24006854 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming has generated enormous interest after the first report by Yamanaka and his coworkers in 2006 on the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts. Here we report the generation of stable iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts by recombinant protein transduction (Klf4, Oct4, Sox2, and c-Myc), a procedure designed to circumvent the risks caused by integration of exogenous sequences in the target cell genome associated with gene delivery systems. The recombinant proteins were fused in the frame to the glutathione-S-transferase tag for affinity purification and to the transactivator transcription-nuclear localization signal polypeptide to facilitate membrane penetration and nuclear localization. We performed the reprogramming procedure on embryonic fibroblasts from inbred (C57BL6) and outbred (ICR) mouse strains. The cells were treated with purified proteins four times, at 48-h intervals, and cultured on mitomycin C treated mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in complete embryonic stem cell (ESC) medium until colonies formed. The iPSCs generated from the outbred fibroblasts exhibited similar morphology and growth properties to ESCs and were sustained in an undifferentiated state for more than 20 passages. The cells were checked for pluripotency-related markers (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc, Nanog) by immunocytochemistry and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein iPSCs (piPSCs) formed embryoid bodies and subsequently differentiated towards all three germ layer lineages. Importantly, the piPSCs could incorporate into the blastocyst and led to variable degrees of chimerism in newborn mice. These data show that recombinant purified cell-penetrating proteins are capable of reprogramming MEFs to iPSCs. We also demonstrated that the cells of the generated cell line satisfied all the requirements of bona fide mouse ESCs: form round colonies with defined boundaries; have a tendency to attach together with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; express key pluripotency markers; and are capable of in vitro differentiation into ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm, and in vivo chimera formation.
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Chen J, Lin M, Foxe JJ, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Carroll R, Zheng D, Lachman HM. Transcriptome comparison of human neurons generated using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from dental pulp and skin fibroblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75682. [PMID: 24098394 PMCID: PMC3789755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is providing an opportunity to study neuropsychiatric disorders through the capacity to grow patient-specific neurons in vitro. Skin fibroblasts obtained by biopsy have been the most reliable source of cells for reprogramming. However, using other somatic cells obtained by less invasive means would be ideal, especially in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental conditions. In addition to fibroblasts, iPSCs have been developed from cord blood, lymphocytes, hair keratinocytes, and dental pulp from deciduous teeth. Of these, dental pulp would be a good source for neurodevelopmental disorders in children because obtaining material is non-invasive. We investigated its suitability for disease modeling by carrying out gene expression profiling, using RNA-seq, on differentiated neurons derived from iPSCs made from dental pulp extracted from deciduous teeth (T-iPSCs) and fibroblasts (F-iPSCs). This is the first RNA-seq analysis comparing gene expression profiles in neurons derived from iPSCs made from different somatic cells. For the most part, gene expression profiles were quite similar with only 329 genes showing differential expression at a nominally significant p-value (p<0.05), of which 63 remained significant after correcting for genome-wide analysis (FDR <0.05). The most striking difference was the lower level of expression detected for numerous members of the all four HOX gene families in neurons derived from T-iPSCs. In addition, an increased level of expression was seen for several transcription factors expressed in the developing forebrain (FOXP2, OTX1, and LHX2, for example). Overall, pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes that showed higher levels of expression in neurons derived from T-iPSCs were enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia (SZ). The findings suggest that neurons derived from T-iPSCs are suitable for disease-modeling neuropsychiatric disorder and may have some advantages over those derived from F-iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - John J. Foxe
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Reed Carroll
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Phanthong P, Raveh-Amit H, Li T, Kitiyanant Y, Dinnyes A. Is aging a barrier to reprogramming? Lessons from induced pluripotent stem cells. Biogerontology 2013; 14:591-602. [PMID: 23963527 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. In the past few years, iPSCs have been the subject of intensive research towards their application in disease modeling and drug screening. In the future, these cells may be applied in cell therapy to replace or regenerate tissues by autologous transplantation. However, two major hurdles need to be resolved in order to reach the later goal: the low reprogramming efficiency and the safety risks, such as the integration of foreign DNA into the genome of the cells and the tumor formation potential arising from transplantation of residual undifferentiated cells. Recently, aging emerged as one of the barriers that accounts, at least in part, for the low reprogramming efficiency of bona fide iPSCs. Here, we review the molecular pathways linking aging and reprogramming along with the unanswered questions in the field. We discuss whether reprogramming rejuvenates the molecular and cellular features associated with age, and present the recent advances with iPSC-based models, contributing to our understanding of physiological and premature aging.
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Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human foetal fibroblasts using the Sleeping Beauty transposon gene delivery system. Differentiation 2013; 86:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gallicano GI. Modeling to optimize terminal stem cell differentiation. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:574354. [PMID: 24278782 PMCID: PMC3820305 DOI: 10.1155/2013/574354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC), iPCs, and adult stem cells (ASCs) all are among the most promising potential treatments for heart failure, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. However, considerable uncertainty in the production of ESC-derived terminally differentiated cell types has limited the efficiency of their development. To address this uncertainty, we and other investigators have begun to employ a comprehensive statistical model of ESC differentiation for determining the role of intracellular pathways (e.g., STAT3) in ESC differentiation and determination of germ layer fate. The approach discussed here applies the Baysian statistical model to cell/developmental biology combining traditional flow cytometry methodology and specific morphological observations with advanced statistical and probabilistic modeling and experimental design. The final result of this study is a unique tool and model that enhances the understanding of how and when specific cell fates are determined during differentiation. This model provides a guideline for increasing the production efficiency of therapeutically viable ESCs/iPSCs/ASC derived neurons or any other cell type and will eventually lead to advances in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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