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Bouche A, Borner B, Richard C, Grand Y, Hannouche D, Laumonier T. In vitro-generated human muscle reserve cells are heterogeneous for Pax7 with distinct molecular states and metabolic profiles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:243. [PMID: 37679820 PMCID: PMC10486062 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of skeletal muscles to regenerate relies on Pax7+ muscle stem cells (MuSC). While in vitro-amplified MuSC are activated and lose part of their regenerative capacity, in vitro-generated human muscle reserve cells (MuRC) are very similar to quiescent MuSC with properties required for their use in cell-based therapies. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the heterogeneity of human MuRC and characterized their molecular signature and metabolic profile. RESULTS We observed that Notch signaling is active and essential for the generation of quiescent human Pax7+ MuRC in vitro. We also revealed, by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, two distinct subpopulations of MuRC distinguished by their relative Pax7 expression. After 48 h in differentiation medium (DM), the Pax7High subpopulation represented 35% of the total MuRC pool and this percentage increased to 61% after 96 h in DM. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Pax7High MuRC were less primed for myogenic differentiation as compared to Pax7Low MuRC and displayed a metabolic shift from glycolysis toward fatty acid oxidation. The bioenergetic profile of human MuRC displayed a 1.5-fold decrease in glycolysis, basal respiration and ATP-linked respiration as compared to myoblasts. We also observed that AMPKα1 expression was significantly upregulated in human MuRC that correlated with an increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Finally, we showed that fatty acid uptake was increased in MuRC as compared to myoblasts, whereas no changes were observed for glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data reveal that the quiescent MuRC pool is heterogeneous for Pax7 with a Pax7High subpopulation being in a deeper quiescent state, less committed to differentiation and displaying a reduced metabolic activity. Altogether, our data suggest that human Pax7High MuRC may constitute an appropriate stem cell source for potential therapeutic applications in skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Bouche
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Borner
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Richard
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ysaline Grand
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Laumonier
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Lathuiliere A, Vernet R, Charrier E, Urwyler M, Von Rohr O, Belkouch MC, Saingier V, Bouvarel T, Guillarme D, Engel A, Salmon P, Laumonier T, Grogg J, Mach N. Immortalized human myoblast cell lines for the delivery of therapeutic proteins using encapsulated cell technology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:441-458. [PMID: 36092361 PMCID: PMC9418741 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite many promising results obtained in previous preclinical studies, the clinical development of encapsulated cell technology (ECT) for the delivery of therapeutic proteins from macrocapsules is still limited, mainly due to the lack of an allogeneic cell line compatible with therapeutic application in humans. In our work, we generated an immortalized human myoblast cell line specifically tailored for macroencapsulation. In the present report, we characterized the immortalized myoblasts and described the engineering process required for the delivery of functional therapeutic proteins including a cytokine, monoclonal antibodies and a viral antigen. We observed that, when encapsulated, the novel myoblast cell line can be efficiently frozen, stored, and thawed, which limits the challenge imposed by the manufacture and supply of encapsulated cell-based therapeutic products. Our results suggest that this versatile allogeneic cell line represents the next step toward a broader development and therapeutic use of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remi Vernet
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emily Charrier
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- MaxiVAX SA, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Urwyler
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Von Rohr
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Belkouch
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Saingier
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Salmon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Laumonier
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Mach
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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