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Kuhn J, Lindstrom A, Volkoff H. Effects of fasting and environmental factors on appetite regulators in pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 295:111651. [PMID: 38703991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The pond loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is an important aquaculture freshwater species, used as an ornamental fish, food source for humans and angling bait. Pond loaches are resistant to fasting and extreme environmental conditions, including temperature and low oxygen levels. Little is known about how these factors affect the feeding physiology and the endocrine regulation of feeding of loaches. In this study, we examined the effects of fasting, as well as increased temperature and decreased oxygen levels on food intake and transcript levels of appetite regulators. Fasted fish had lower blood glucose levels, and lower expression levels of intestine CCK and PYY, and brain CART1, but had higher levels of brain orexin and ghrelin than fed fish. Fish held at 30 °C had higher food intake, glucose levels, and mRNA levels of intestine CCK and PYY, and brain CART2, but lower brain orexin levels than fish at 20 °C. Fish held at low oxygen levels had a lower food intake, higher intestine CCKa and ghrelin, and brain orexin, CART2 and ghrelin mRNA expression levels than fish held at high O2 levels. Our results suggest that fasting and high temperatures increase the expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors respectively, whereas the increase in expression of both orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in low O2 environments might not be related to their role in feeding, but possibly to protection from tissue damage. The results of our study might shed new light on how pond loaches are able to cope with extreme environmental conditions such as low food availability, extreme temperatures and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Kuhn
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Hochschule Mannheim University, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Annika Lindstrom
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Li W, Du R, Xia C, Zhang H, Xie Y, Gao X, Ouyang Y, Yin Z, Hu G. Novel pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost: The link between reproduction and feeding regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:982297. [PMID: 36303873 PMCID: PMC9595134 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.982297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as a vital hypothalamic neuropeptide, was a key regulator for pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the vertebrate. However, little is known about the other pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost. In the present study, two GnRH variants (namely, GnRH2 and GnRH3) and four GnRH receptors (namely, GnRHR1, GnRHR2, GnRHR3, and GnRHR4) had been isolated from grass carp. Tissue distribution displayed that GnRHR4 was more highly detected in the pituitary than the other three GnRHRs. Interestingly, ligand-receptor selectivity showed that GnRHR4 displayed a similar and high binding affinity for grass carp GnRH2 and GnRH3. Using primary culture grass carp pituitary cells as model, we found that both GnRH2 and GnRH3 could not only significantly induce pituitary reproductive hormone gene (GtHα, LHβ, FSHβ, INHBa, secretogranin-2) mRNA expression mediated by AC/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways but also reduce dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) mRNA expression via the Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathway. Interestingly, GnRH2 and GnRH3 could also stimulate anorexigenic peptide (POMCb, CART2, UTS1, NMBa, and NMBb) mRNA expression via AC/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways in grass carp pituitary cells. In addition, food intake could significantly induce brain GnRH2 mRNA expression. These results indicated that GnRH should be the coupling factor to integrate the feeding metabolism and reproduction in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixin Du
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhui Xia
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Gao
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Yin, ; Guangfu Hu,
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Yin, ; Guangfu Hu,
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The Roles of Neuropeptide Y ( Npy) and Peptide YY ( Pyy) in Teleost Food Intake: A Mini Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060547. [PMID: 34200824 PMCID: PMC8230510 DOI: 10.3390/life11060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y family (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide and pancreatic polypeptide family comprising neuropeptide Y (Npy), peptide YYa (Pyya), and peptide YYb (Pyyb), which was previously known as peptide Y (PY), and tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but has not been exhaustively documented in fish. Nonetheless, Npy and Pyy to date have been the key focus of countless research studies categorizing their copious characteristics in the body, which, among other things, include the mechanism of feeding behavior, cortical neural activity, heart activity, and the regulation of emotions in teleost. In this review, we focused on the role of neuropeptide Y gene (Npy) and peptide YY gene (Pyy) in teleost food intake. Feeding is essential in fish to ensure growth and perpetuation, being indispensable in the aquaculture settings where growth is prioritized. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of these genes in food intake in teleost could help determine their feeding regime, regulation, growth, and development, which will possibly be fundamental in fish culture.
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Yuan D, Wang B, Tang T, Lei L, Zhou C, Li Z, Li L. Characterization and evaluation of the tissue distribution of CRH, apelin, and GnRH2 reveal responses to feeding states in Schizothorax davidi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:421-438. [PMID: 33417073 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizothorax davidi is a rare fish in Southwest China and is considered a promising species for aquaculture. Compared with other teleosts, little is known about the endocrine regulation of feeding in this species. In this study, we identified the CRH, apelin, and GnRH2 genes in S. davidi and assessed the effects of different energy statuses on CRH, apelin, and GnRH2 expression. Our results showed that the full-length cDNA sequences of CRH, apelin, and GnRH2 of S. davidi were 995, 905, and 669 bp long, respectively. Furthermore, CRH was mainly expressed in the hypothalamus, telencephalon, and myelencephalon; apelin was highly expressed in the spleen and heart; and GnRH2 mRNA was widely distributed in all examined tissues, with the highest level in the hypothalamus. Notably, the levels of CRH and GnRH2 increased in the hypothalamus at 1 h and 3 h post-feeding, while hypothalamic apelin levels decreased. Conversely, CRH and GnRH2 expression in the hypothalamus significantly decreased after fasting for 7 days and returned to the control levels after re-feeding for 3 or 5 days. In contrast, fasting increased apelin levels in the hypothalamus. Overall, this study suggests that CRH, apelin, and GnRH2 play critical roles in appetite regulation in S. davidi. These results provide an essential groundwork to elucidate the appetite regulatory systems in S. davidi as well as in other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Lei
- College of Aquaculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- College of Aquaculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Dehong Science and Technology Innovation Center, Dehong, 678400, Yunnan, China
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Yuan D, Zhang X, Wang B, Tang T, Lei L, Deng X, Zhou C, Li Z. Effects of feeding status on nucb1 and nucb2A mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of Schizothorax davidi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1139-1154. [PMID: 32130563 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NUCB1 and NUCB2, two novel nucleobindins, have attracted extensive attention for their role in the appetite regulation in mammals. However, little is known about the appetite regulation of NUCB1 and NUCB2 in fish species. Therefore, we investigated the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding in Schizothorax davidi (S. davidi). In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of nucb1 and nucb2A of S. davidi were obtained for the first time. Additionally, the tissue distribution and the effects of different energy status on nucb1 and nucb2A mRNAs abundance were assessed, showing that nucb1 and nucb2A are widely distributed in 18 detected tissues, with the highest expression in the cerebellum. The abundances of nucb1 and nucb2A increased in the hypothalamus at 1 h and 3 h post-feeding. Furthermore, fasting and re-feeding experiments showed that the expressions of nucb1 and nucb2A in hypothalamus significantly decreased after fasting for 7 days, and returned to the control level after re-feeding for 3 or 5 days. In conclusion, the present study suggests that both NUCB1 and NUCB2A are involved in the short-term and long-term appetite regulation, as an anorexigenic factor, in S. davidi. These results can provide a basis for further investigation into the appetite regulatory role of NUCB family in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Lei
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxing Deng
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- The Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ye C, Xu S, Hu Q, Hu M, Zhou L, Qin X, Jia J, Hu G. Structure and function analysis of various brain subregions and pituitary in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 33:100653. [PMID: 31923798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been generally acknowledged that environment could alter the morphology and functional differentiation of vertebrate brain. However, as the largest group of all vertebrates, studies about the structures and functions of various brain subregions in teleost are still scarce. In this study, using grass carp as a model, histology method and RNA-sequencing were recruited to examine the microstructure and transcript levels among different brain subregions and pituitary. Histological results showed that the grass carp brain was composed of six parts, including olfactory bulb, telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. In addition, compared to elasmobranchs and non-teleost bony ray-finned fishes, grass carp lost the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, instead the hypophysiotropic neurons were directly terminated in the pituitary cells. At the transcriptomic level, our results suggested that the olfactory bulb might be related to reproduction and immune function. The telencephalon was deemed to be involved in the regulation of appetite and reproduction. The optic tectum might play important roles in the vision system and feeding. The hypothalamus could regulate feeding, and reproduction process. The medulla oblongata was related with the auditory system. The pituitary seemed to play pivotal roles in energy metabolism, organ development and reproduction. Finally, the correlation analysis suggested that the hypothalamus and the telencephalon were highly related, and close anatomical connection and overlapping functions suggested that the telencephalon and hypothalamus might be the regulation center of feeding and reproduction among teleost brain. This study provided a global view of the microstructures and specific functions of various brain subregions and pituitary in teleost. These results will be very helpful for further study in the neuroendocrinology regulation of growth and reproduction in teleost brain-pituitary axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiongyao Hu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minqiang Hu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangfeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingyi Jia
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhou C, Lei L, Deng X, Yuan D, Zhu C, Ye H, Luo H, Zhang C, Zhou J, Yang M, Wang J, Zeng B, Li B, Zheng Z. Three forms of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript may be involved in food intake regulation in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:921-933. [PMID: 31104250 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In fish, as in mammals, several studies have demonstrated that the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) plays an important role in feeding. However, thus far, the function of CART in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) feeding regulation has not been reported. In our study, we first identified three forms of CART peptide precursors from gibel carp brain and named these CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3. The full-length cDNA sequences of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 were 616 bp, 705 bp, and 760 bp, respectively, encoding peptides of 118, 120, and 104 amino acid residues. We detected mRNA expression of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 in a wide range of peripheral and central tissues, with the highest expression detected in the brain. After a meal, mRNA expression of CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 was significantly elevated, suggesting that CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 may act as postprandial satiety signals. Moreover, mRNA expression of all three CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 was significantly reduced during fasting and significantly elevated with refeeding. Our findings indicate that CART-1, CART-2, and CART-3 might function as a satiety factor in the gibel carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Lei
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Deng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengke Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshe Zhou
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohai Li
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zonglin Zheng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China.
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Tang N, Zhang X, Wang S, Qi J, Tian Z, Wang B, Chen H, Wu Y, Wang M, Xu S, Chen D, Li Z. UCN3 suppresses food intake in coordination with CCK and the CCK2R in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:106-113. [PMID: 31051262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin-3 (UCN3) as a brain-gut peptide inhibits food intake of animal, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. To explore the appetite mechanism about the action of UCN3 in fish, intraperitoneal injection of UCN3 with CCK8, Lorglumide (CCK1R antagonist) or LY225910 (CCK2R antagonist) were conducted. Siberian sturgeon administrated with UCN3 and CCK8 showed a drastic reduction in food intake. The anorectic effect of UCN3 was significantly blocked by LY225910, but not affected by Lorglumide. Furthermore, LY225910 could effectively reverse appetite factor mRNA expressions, including cck, pyy, cart, npy, ucn3, apelin and nucb2 in the whole brain, stomach and intestinum valvula, but Lorglumide could only partially reverse these effects, suggesting the anorectic effect of UCN3 may be primarily mediated CCK2R in Siberian sturgeon. This study indicates for the first time in fish that UCN3 may inhibit food intake in coordination with CCK and CCK2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Sundarrajan L, Rajeswari JJ, Velasco C, Unniappan S. Nutrient Regulation of Endocrine Factors Influencing Feeding and Growth in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30873115 PMCID: PMC6403160 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine factors regulate food intake and growth, two interlinked physiological processes critical for the proper development of organisms. Somatic growth is mainly regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) that act on target tissues, including muscle, and bones. Peptidyl hormones produced from the brain and peripheral tissues regulate feeding to meet metabolic demands. The GH-IGF system and hormones regulating appetite are regulated by both internal (indicating the metabolic status of the organism) and external (environmental) signals. Among the external signals, the most notable are diet availability and diet composition. Macronutrients and micronutrients act on several hormone-producing tissues to regulate the synthesis and secretion of appetite-regulating hormones and hormones of the GH-IGF system, eventually modulating growth and food intake. A comprehensive understanding of how nutrients regulate hormones is essential to design diet formulations that better modulate endogenous factors for the benefit of aquaculture to increase yield. This review will discuss the current knowledge on nutritional regulation of hormones modulating growth and food intake in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxìa Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lakshminarasimhan Sundarrajan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jithine Jayakumar Rajeswari
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxìa Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Suraj Unniappan
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Zhang X, Qi J, Tang N, Wang S, Wu Y, Chen H, Tian Z, Wang B, Chen D, Li Z. Intraperitoneal injection of nesfatin-1 primarily through the CCK-CCK1R signal pathway affects expression of appetite factors to inhibit the food intake of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Peptides 2018; 109:14-22. [PMID: 30261207 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an 82-amino acid protein derived from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), which could inhibit food intake in fish and mammals. However, the neuroendocrine mechanism of nesfatin-1 in animal appetite regulation is unclear. To explore the feeding mechanism of nesfatin-1 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), intraperitoneal injections of nesfatin-1 and sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), Lorglumide (CCK1R selective antagonist), or LY 225,910 (CCK2R selective antagonist) were performed. Co-injection of nesfatin-1 and CCK8 synergistically significantly decreased the food intake in 1 h. Lorglumide reversed the anorectic effect of nesfatin-1, but LY 225,910 had no effect. Moreover, Lorglumide could also reverse the expressions of appetite factors including nucb2, cck, unc3, cart, apelin, pyy, and npy induced by nesfatin-1 in the brain, stomach, and liver, while LY 225,910 partially reversed these changes. These results indicate that nesfatin-1 inhibits the appetite of Siberian sturgeon mainly through the CCK-CCK1R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Tang N, Qi J, Wu Y, Hao J, Wang S, Chen D, Li Z. One evidence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has the bidirectional effects on appetite in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:411-422. [PMID: 29143945 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), discovered in 1995, with various biological functions, has received much attention recently due to its role in the regulation of appetite in mammals. However, the function of CART on the appetite control in fish species is still not very clear. In this study, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt) cart gene was cloned for the first time, and the cart mRNA levels in 11 feeding-related tissues was investigated. The Siberian sturgeon cart gene sequence was 1459 base pairs (bp), including a 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 39 bp, a 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR) of 52 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 348 bp encoding 115 amino acids. Siberian sturgeon cart gene has three exons and two introns including 341 bp intron 1 and 679 bp intron 2. The result of tissue distribution showed that cart was widely distributed in 11 tissues with the highest expression in the whole brain. The effects of periprandial (pre- and post-feeding), fasting, and re-feeding on cart mRNA abundance in the whole brain were assessed. Periprandial result showed the expression of cart mRNA in the whole brain significantly elevated after feeding for 3 h. However, fasting experiment showed that the level of cart significantly decreased after 1 day of fasting, but that significantly increased after 3-17 days of food deprivation and returned to the basic level after 3 days of re-feeding in the fishes which were fasted for 15 days. In conclusion, this study suggests that CART has the bidirectional effects on appetite, which acts as a satiety factor in short-term feeding regulation but as a starvation factor in long-term appetite regulation in Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Hao J, Zhu J, Tang N, Qi J, Wang S, Wang H, Peng S, Liu J, Gao Y, Chen D, Li Z. Intraperitoneal injection urocortin-3 reduces the food intake of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Peptides 2016; 85:80-88. [PMID: 27667703 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urocortin-3 (UCN3), one of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) family peptides, which was discovered in 2001, has a variety of biological functions. However, the researches of UCN3 in fish were scarce. In order to understand whether UCN3 play a role in regulating food intake in fish, we first cloned the ucn3 cDNAs sequence of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt), and investigated the ucn3 mRNA levels in 11 tissues. The Siberian sturgeon ucn3 cDNA sequence was 1044bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 447bp that encoded 148 amino acids with a mature peptide of 40 amino acids, a 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR) of 162bp and a 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 435bp. The result of tissue distribution showed that ucn3 widely distributed in 11 tissues with highest expression in brain. We also assessed the effects of periprandial (pre- and post-feeding), fasting and re-feeding on ucn3 mRNAs abundance in brain. The results showed the expression of ucn3 mRNA in brain was significantly elevated after feeding, decreased after fasting 17 days and increased after re-feeding. To further investigate the food intake role of UCN3 in Siberian sturgeon, we performed intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Siberian sturgeon UCN3 (SsUCN3) with three doses (60, 120 or 240ng/g) and recorded the food intake. Acute and chronic i.p. injection SsUCN3 reduced the food intake in a dose-dependent pattern. In conclusion, this study indicates that SsUCN3 acts as a satiety factor to inhibit the food intake of Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyao Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Volkoff H, Estevan Sabioni R, Coutinho LL, Cyrino JEP. Appetite regulating factors in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Tissue distribution and effects of food quantity and quality on gene expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:241-254. [PMID: 27717774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus is an omnivorous fish considered a promising species for aquaculture. Little is known about the endocrine regulation of feeding in this species. In this study, transcripts for orexin, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin were isolated in pacu. Orexin, CCK and leptin have widespread mRNA distributions in brain and periphery, CART is limited to the brain. To examine the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding and energy status, mRNA expression levels were compared between fed and fasted fish and around feeding time. Both orexin and CART brain expressions were affected by fasting and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting a role in both short- and long-term regulation of feeding. CCK intestinal expression decreased in fasted fish and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting CCK acts as a peripheral satiety factor. Leptin was not affected by fasting but displayed periprandial changes, suggesting a role as a short-term regulator. To examine if these peptides are affected by diet, brain and gut expressions were assessed in fish fed with different diets containing soy protein concentrate. Food intake, weight gain and expressions of orexin, CART, CCK and leptin were little affected by replacement of fish protein with soy protein, suggesting that pacu is able to tolerate and grow well with a diet rich in plant material. Overall, our results suggest that orexin, CART, CCK and leptin are involved in the physiology of feeding of pacu and that their expressions are little affected by plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada.
| | - Rafael Estevan Sabioni
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Animal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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14
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Volkoff H, Sabioni RE, Cyrino JEP. Appetite regulating factors in dourado, Salminus brasiliensis: cDNA cloning and effects of fasting and feeding on gene expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 237:34-42. [PMID: 27468955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dourado, Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) is a freshwater piscivorous Characin native to South American rivers. Owing to the high quality of its flesh and its fast growth, it is the object of both capture fisheries and fish farming. However, very little is known about the endocrine regulation of feeding and metabolism of dourado. In this study, cDNAs for orexin, CART and CCK were isolated in dourado, and their mRNA tissue distributions examined. In order to assess the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding of dourado, the effects of fasting and feeding on mRNA expression levels of orexin, CART and CCK in the brain as well as CCK in the intestine were assessed. Whereas orexin and CCK have widespread mRNA distributions in the brain and peripheral organs, CART seems to be mostly limited to the brain. Orexin brain expression increased with fasting and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting it is involved in both long- and short-term regulation of feeding and appetite. CART and CCK hypothalamic expressions were not affected by fasting, but displayed periprandial changes with post-feeding decreases, suggesting roles in short-term satiation. CCK expression in the anterior intestine was not affected by fasting and did not display periprandial changes. Overall, our results suggest that orexin, CART and CCK are involved in the physiology of feeding of dourado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada.
| | - Rafael Estevan Sabioni
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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