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Falanga A, Lorusso D, Colombo N, Cormio G, Cosmi B, Scandurra G, Zanagnolo V, Marietta M. Gynecological Cancer and Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review to Increase Awareness and Improve Risk Assessment and Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1769. [PMID: 38730721 PMCID: PMC11083004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention and appropriate management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients is of paramount importance. However, the literature data report an underestimation of this major problem in patients with gynecological cancers, with an inconsistent venous thromboembolism risk assessment and prophylaxis in this patient setting. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence regarding the management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients, focusing on the specific context of gynecological tumors, exploring the literature discussing risk factors, risk assessment, and pharmacological prophylaxis. We found that the current understanding and management of venous thromboembolism in gynecological malignancy is largely based on studies on solid cancers in general. Hence, further, larger, and well-designed research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Falanga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.F.); (N.C.)
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.F.); (N.C.)
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Benilde Cosmi
- Angiology and Blood Coagulation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Angiology and Blood Coagulation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Scandurra
- Unità Operativa Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Cannizzaro di Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Marietta
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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Güzel D, Terek C, Besler A, Serin G, Önal Z, Akman L, Göker E, Ali Şanli U, Zekioğlu O, Özdemir N, Özsaran A, Yildirim N. PURE vs. mixed clear cell ovarian carcinomas: Is there any impact on survival? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:321-326. [PMID: 38518487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our primary aim in this study is to define the clinical characteristics of patients with clear-cell ovarian carcinoma and evaluate the prognostic factors affecting survival. STUDY DESIGN Records of 85 patients, operated between 2000 and 2018, for an adnexal mass and whose final pathology reported clear cell ovarian carcinoma were reviewed. The study considered demographic data, clinical characteristics of the patients, as well as pure and mixed-type clear cell histology. The patients' follow-up time, disease-free and overall survival recorded. The primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 52. In 64.7 % of the cases, clear cell histology was pure, while the others (35.3 %) were mixed. Patients with ovarian endometriosis constituted 27.1 % of the whole population. The median OS for the entire population was 92 months (95 %CI:72-124). On univariate and multivariate analyses, advanced age was found to have a significant independent impact on OS and DFS (p < 0.05) and, was associated with a worse prognosis. Also, the multivariate analyses showed that the presence of endometriosis has a significant independent impact on OS (p < 0.05). When examining the relationship between the histological origin (mixed vs. pure) and 5-year survival, the mixed type showed longer OS and DFS rates (76.8 % vs. 69.8 %, 61.5 % vs. 53.8 %), the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This retrospective study showed that although mixed type histological origin was associated with higher OS and DFS rates compared to pure type in patients with CCOC, the difference was not statistically significant. Advanced age and the presence of endometriosis was found to have a significant independent effect on OS and DFS and was associated with a worse prognosis. Overall, this study provides useful insights into the clinical characteristics of patients with CCOC and identifies important prognostic factors affecting survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Güzel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Manisa City Hospital, Manisa, Turkiye
| | - Coşan Terek
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Ayşegül Besler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkiye
| | | | - Züleyha Önal
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Levent Akman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Erdem Göker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Ulus Ali Şanli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | | | | | - Aydın Özsaran
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Nuri Yildirim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye.
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Rodrigues S, Braga M, Félix A, Cunha TM. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: Clues for radiologists to perform a correct diagnosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:271-279. [PMID: 37925237 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an uncommon high-grade primary epithelial ovarian cancer, covering about 10-12 % of all ovarian malignancies. It has a strong association with endometriosis. OCCC diagnosis, at advanced stages, has an aggressive biological behaviour, and the therapeutic strategies for ovarian OCCC are somehow different from other ovarian carcinomas. Therefore, early diagnosis of these tumours is of extreme importance. As some ovarian tumours subtypes have distinguishing features, it is possible to differentiate them based on their imaging characteristics, which can guide patient management and help the clinicians and pathologists in their diagnosis. A large mass on one side of the ovary that is mostly cystic, with a focal or multifocal irregular eccentric growing solid mural nodules or projections protruding into the cystic space, may suggest clear cell carcinoma of the ovary diagnosis. The solid nodules usually have an intermediate signal on T2-weighted images. The cystic component can be either single or multilocular, and the contents may contain protein or blood. CT scanning is still the preferred method for preoperative staging and postoperative restaging, and radiologists are crucial in identifying this type of tumour. We reviewed the imaging files of patients with surgically proven clear cell carcinoma at the specimens, and our findings agree with previous studies. This paper aims to perform a comprehensive revision of OCCC's radiological and clinic-pathological features and assist radiologists in recognizing OCCC and narrowing down the possibilities of differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodrigues
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto.
| | - Miguel Braga
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Félix
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Margarida Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Chen J, Lai YL, Lee JK, Lin HW, Sun WZ, Chen YL, Cheng WF. Does the diagnostic timing of cancer-associated thromboembolism influence the survival outcome in ovarian cancer patients? J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:228-237. [PMID: 37596109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Efforts were made to explore the influence of diagnostic timing for cancer-associated thromboembolic events on survival of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 75 ovarian cancer patients with thromboembolism and evaluated the prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS These 75 patients were classified into two categories by the diagnostic timing of the thromboembolism, during (33 cases) and after (42 cases) initial diagnosis of ovarian cancer groups. The diagnostic timing of thromboembolism was not related to disease-free survival or overall survival of the studied population. Advanced disease stage, clear cell histology, interval debulking surgery, no recurrence/persistence of ovarian cancer, and patients treated with anticoagulant(s) treatment >3 months were associated with the disease-free survival. Advanced disease stage, clear cell histology, body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2 at the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and no recurrence/persistence of ovarian cancer influenced the overall survival. In the subgroup analysis, compared to the after initial ovarian cancer diagnosis group, patients with stage I/II disease, BMI <24 kg/m2 at the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, or primary debulking surgery in the during cancer diagnosis group had longer disease-free survival, and overall survival benefit was observed in cases with stage I/II disease, or primary debulking surgery. CONCLUSION The diagnostic timing of thromboembolism was not related to disease-free or overall survival of ovarian cancer patients, but associated with that of specific patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Didar H, Farzaneh F, Najafiarab H, Namakin K, Gohari K, Sheidaei A, Ramezani S. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:901-910. [PMID: 37104696 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2208488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the second most common subtype of Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is associated with a high rate of cancer-associated thrombosis. Previous studies revealed the wide range prevalence (6-42%) of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among OCCC patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of VTE among OCCC patients as well as factors affecting it. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 12th, 2022. Studies reporting venous thromboembolic events in women with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary were included. Demographic data, clinical, and paraclinical features of the patients were independently extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS Out of the 2254 records, 43 studies were processed for final review. The qualified studies involved 573 VTE cases among 2965 patients with OCCC. The pooled prevalence of VTE among OCCC patients was 21.32% (95%CI=(17.38-25.87)). Most VTE events were reported in Japanese women (26.15%), followed by Americans (24.41%) and UK (21.57%), and Chinese (13.61%) women. VTE was more common in patients with advanced stages (37.79%) compared to those with early stages of the disease (16.54%). CONCLUSIONS Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is associated with a high rate of cancer-associated thrombosis. VTE events in OCCC patients were higher in advanced stages and Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Didar
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Farzaneh
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Najafiarab
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Namakin
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Ramezani
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Safety Analysis of Bevacizumab in Ovarian Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052065. [PMID: 36902852 PMCID: PMC10003828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab (BEV) is beneficial for ovarian cancer patients, but the real world's patient settings differ from those in clinical trials. This study tries to illustrate adverse events in the Taiwanese population. Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with BEV at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to identify the cutoff dose and the presence of BEV-related toxicities. A total of 79 patients receiving BEV in neoadjuvant, frontline, or salvage settings were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 36.2 months. Twenty patients (25.3%) had "De novo" hypertension or the worsening of a preexisting one. Twelve patients (15.2%) had "De novo" proteinuria. Five patients (6.3%) had thromboembolic events/hemorrhage. Four patients (5.1%) had gastrointestinal perforation (GIP), and one patient (1.3%) had wound-healing complications. Patients with BEV-related GIP had at least two risk factors for developing GIP, most of which were conservatively managed. This study revealed a compatible but distinct safety profile from those reported in clinical trials. The presence of BEV-related changes in blood pressure showed a dose-dependent trend. Most of the BEV-related toxicities were managed individually. Patients with potential risks for developing BEV-related GIP should use BEV with caution.
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Shimizu T, Iwama N, Tokunaga H, Endo S, Miyahara S, Toki A, Watanabe Z, Minato J, Hashimoto C, Ishibashi M, Shigeta S, Shimada M, Yaegashi N. Precautions during Direct Oral Anticoagulant Introduction in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041132. [PMID: 36831475 PMCID: PMC9954552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence/exacerbation or a change from a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) to another anticoagulant in patients with gynecologic cancer using DOACs have not been thoroughly elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for a composite primary outcome, including VTE recurrence/exacerbation, or a change from a DOAC to another anticoagulant, in this population. A total of 63 patients were analyzed. Risk factors for a primary outcome within 2 years after DOAC initiation were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Among the 63 patients, 10 developed a primary outcome. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 18.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.25-350.74), pulmonary embolism (PE) or proximal deep vein thrombosis without PE (aOR, 55.6; 95% CI, 3.29-11,774.66), and D-dimer levels in the third tertile (≥7.6 μg/dL) when VTE was first diagnosed (aOR, 6.37; 95% CI, 1.17-66.61) were associated with increased odds of a primary outcome in patients with gynecologic cancer using DOACs. Patients with one or more risk factors for a primary outcome require careful follow-up after DOAC initiation for the early recognition of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokunaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-7251
| | - Shun Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shuko Miyahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Division of Gynecology, Miyagi Cancer Center, 47-1, Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Asami Toki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Zen Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junko Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
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Xu L, Lee SI, Kilcoyne A. MR Imaging of Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms Part II. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2023; 31:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ji JX, Cochrane DR, Negri GL, Colborne S, Spencer Miko SE, Hoang LN, Farnell D, Tessier-Cloutier B, Huvila J, Thompson E, Leung S, Chiu D, Chow C, Ta M, Köbel M, Feil L, Anglesio M, Goode EL, Bolton K, Morin GB, Huntsman DG. The proteome of clear cell ovarian carcinoma. J Pathol 2022; 258:325-338. [PMID: 36031730 PMCID: PMC9649886 DOI: 10.1002/path.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) is the second most common subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Late-stage CCOC is not responsive to gold-standard chemotherapy and results in suboptimal outcomes for patients. In-depth molecular insight is urgently needed to stratify the disease and drive therapeutic development. We conducted global proteomics for 192 cases of CCOC and compared these with other epithelial ovarian carcinoma subtypes. Our results showed distinct proteomic differences in CCOC compared with other epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes including alterations in lipid and purine metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we report potential clinically significant proteomic subgroups within CCOC, suggesting the biologic plausibility of stratified treatment for this cancer. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the CCOC proteomic landscape to facilitate future understanding and research of this disease. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dawn R Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shane Colborne
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra E Spencer Miko
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lynn N Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Farnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jutta Huvila
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Thompson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek Chiu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Monica Ta
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lucas Feil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Bolton
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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You Y, Chen X, Jiang Y, Cheng W. Ovarian clear cell cancer associated with Trousseau syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32106. [PMID: 36451485 PMCID: PMC9704983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Trousseau syndrome is known as patients with tumors have a combination of multiple thrombi with systemic organ infarction. The incidence of ovarian clear cell cancer associated with Trousseau syndrome is relatively low. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman diagnosed with ovarian clear cell cancer with deep vein thrombosis and cerebral infarction who had a poor prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 41-year-old woman was brought to our hospital with abdominal pain. Abdominal computerized tomography scan suggested large mass of ovarian origin which was considered an ovarian tumor with pelvic metastasis and peritoneal metastasis. Laboratory analyses indicated an elevated levels of serum tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 125 was 321.9 U/mL and the level of D-dimer was 16.71 mg/L. DIAGNOSIS The patient underwent pelvic mass aspiration was diagnosed with ovarian clear cell cancer. B-ultrasound revealed thrombosis of the lower limbs. INTERVENTIONS She underwent 2 neoadjuvant chemotherapies, along with anticoagulation therapy. However, it had a poor therapeutic effect, and the patient suffered from acute cerebral infarction that worsened. OUTCOMES Chemotherapy and anticoagulation failed to stop the tumor and blood clot progression. The patient died 2 months after cerebral infarction without surgical treatment. LESSONS Gynecologists should be aware of the need for clinical suspicion of the risk of thrombosis during the treatment period of ovarian cancer and make careful decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin You
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Li J, Cao D. Prognostic nomogram that predicts progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956380. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWe aims to develop nomograms to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) after primary treatment and compare the predictive accuracy with the currently used International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system.MethodsWe collected data from 358 Chinese patients diagnosed with OCCC and who underwent standard treatment at our hospital. Patients diagnosed from 1982-9 to 2011-12 were classified as the training group and patients diagnosed from 2012-1 to 2016-11 were classified as the validation group. Nomograms were developed based on the training group and was validated in the validation group. The predictive performance was determined by concordance index and calibration curve.ResultsThe most predictive nomogram for PFS was constructed using variables: thrombosis, the FIGO staging, residual of the tumor and distant metastasis, with a concordance index of 0.738. While the nomogram for OS consisted of thrombosis, lymph node metastasis, residual of the tumor, malignant ascites/washing, and platinum resistance, with a concordance index of 0.835. The nomograms were internally validated by concordance indexes of 0.775 and 0.807 for predicting PFS and OS, respectively. In comparison, the concordance statistics for OS based on the FIGO staging was significantly lower (P<0.05).ConclusionWe have established two prognostic nomograms for recurrence and long-term survival in patients with OCCC after primary treatment in a large Chinese center and validated them in patients from the same center. This tool used variables specifically related to OCCC and was more accurate than the FIGO system. It is relatively easy to use in clinic for patient counseling, postoperative management, and follow-up for individual patients.
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12
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Odajima S, Seki T, Kato S, Tomita K, Shoburu Y, Suzuki E, Takenaka M, Saito M, Takano H, Yamada K, Okamoto A. Efficacy of edoxaban for the treatment of gynecological cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: analysis of Japanese real-world data. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e62. [PMID: 35712973 PMCID: PMC9428303 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly being used for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT). However, there is limited evidence of the efficacy of DOACs for the treatment of gynecological CAT. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of edoxaban for the treatment of gynecological CAT using Japanese real-world data. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with 371 gynecological cancer who received edoxaban or vitamin K antagonist (VKA) between January 2011 and December 2018. RESULTS Altogether, 211 and 160 patients were treated with edoxaban and VKA, respectively. Fourteen patients (6.8%) in the edoxaban group and 22 (13.8%) in the VKA group showed recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Cumulative VTE recurrence was not significantly different between the 2 groups (p=0.340). Adverse events occurred in 15 (7.1%) and 11 (6.9%) patients in the edoxaban and VKA groups, respectively (p=0.697). Subgroup analysis of the edoxaban and VKA groups according to different tumor types, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, showed equivalent outcomes in terms of VTE recurrence and adverse events. Patients without pulmonary embolism (PE) were mostly omitted from initial unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy prior to administration of edoxaban. However, this did not increase the recurrence of VTE. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that edoxaban is effective and safe for the treatment of gynecological CAT. This finding was consistent for different types of gynecological cancer. Additionally, initial UFH therapy prior to the administration of edoxaban may be unnecessary for patients without PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Odajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sayako Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daisan Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashiwa Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shoburu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eitaro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Takenaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashiwa Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daisan Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Enomoto T. Therapeutic Strategies Focused on Cancer-Associated Hypercoagulation for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2125. [PMID: 35565252 PMCID: PMC9099459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis, especially in advanced cases. Although comprehensive genomic analyses have clarified the significance of genomic alterations such as ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations in OCCC, therapeutic strategies based on genomic alterations have not been confirmed. On the other hand, OCCC is clinically characterized by a high incidence of thromboembolism. Moreover, OCCC specifically shows high expression of tissue factor and interleukin-6, which play a critical role in cancer-associated hypercoagulation and may be induced by OCCC-specific genetic alterations or the endometriosis-related tumor microenvironment. In this review, we focused on the association between cancer-associated hypercoagulation and molecular biology in OCCC. Moreover, we reviewed the effectiveness of candidate drugs targeting hypercoagulation, such as tissue factor- or interleukin-6-targeting drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-hypoxia signaling drugs, anticoagulants, and combined immunotherapy with these drugs for OCCC. This review is expected to contribute to novel basic research and clinical trials for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of OCCC focused on hypercoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (T.E.)
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Miyake R, Yamada Y, Yamanaka S, Kawaguchi R, Ootake N, Myoba S, Kobayashi H. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 as a serum marker for diagnosing asymptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and positive D-dimer results. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:46. [PMID: 35003744 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a serodiagnostic marker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and is the primary inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. The present study assessed the diagnostic performance of TFPI2 for detecting venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with EOC and positive D-dimer results (>1.0 µg/ml). First, the clinical data of 81 patients with EOC admitted to Nara Medical University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2015 were collected. Also, 25 patients with VTE and 56 patients without VTE were included. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of TFPI2 in discriminating patients with VTE from those without VTE. Serum TFPI2 levels in patients with VTE were significantly higher than in non-VTE patients (median, 472.2 vs. 279.1 pg/ml, P<0.001). Using the Youden index, the optimal cutoff value for the TFPI2 level was set at 398.9 pg/ml. Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TFPI2 for diagnosing VTE were 64.0, 80.4, 59.3 and 83.3%, respectively. Additionally, 80.4% of patients with TFPI2 levels <398.9 pg/ml were VTE-negative. ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve for TFPI2 was 0.729 (95% confidence interval, 0.614-0.844). Conclusively, TFPI2 may distinguish patients with VTE from those without VTE among patients with EOC and positive D-dimer results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Yamanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ootake
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase-shi, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Shohei Myoba
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase-shi, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
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15
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Sasano T, Gonzalez-Delgado R, Muñoz NM, Carlos-Alcade W, Soon Cho M, Sheth RA, Sood AK, Afshar-Kharghan V. Podoplanin promotes tumor growth, platelet aggregation, and venous thrombosis in murine models of ovarian cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:104-114. [PMID: 34608736 PMCID: PMC8712373 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podoplanin (PDPN) is a sialylated membrane glycoprotein that binds to C-type lectin-like receptor 2 on platelets resulting in platelet activation. PDPN is expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, perivascular fibroblasts/pericytes, cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor stromal cells. PDPN's expression on malignant epithelial cells plays a role in metastasis. Furthermore, the expression of PDPN in brain tumors (high-grade gliomas) was found to correlate with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. OBJECTIVE We examined the expression of PDPN and its role in tumor progression and venous thrombosis in ovarian cancer. METHODS We used mouse models of ovarian cancer and venous thrombosis. RESULTS Ovarian cancer cells express PDPN and release PDPN-rich extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cisplatin and topotecan (chemotherapies commonly used in ovarian cancer) increase the expression of podoplanin in cancer cells. The expression of PDPN in ovarian cancer cells promotes tumor growth in a murine model of ovarian cancer and that knockdown of PDPN gene expression results in smaller primary tumors. Both PDPN-expressing ovarian cancer cells and their EVs cause platelet aggregation. In a mouse model of venous thrombosis, PDPN-expressing EVs released from HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells produce more frequent thrombosis than PDPN-negative EVs derived from PDPN-knockdown HeyA8 cells. Blood clots induced by PDPN-positive EVs contain more platelets than those in blood clots induced by PDPN-negative EVs. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings demonstrate that the expression of PDPN by ovarian cancer cells promotes tumor growth and venous thrombosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Sasano
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Delgado
- Section of Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nina M. Muñoz
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendolyn Carlos-Alcade
- Section of Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Section of Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Section of Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abu Saadeh F, Marchocki Z, O'Toole SA, Ibrahim N, Gleeson N, Norris LA. Extended thromboprophylaxis post gynaecological cancer surgery; the effect of weight adjusted and fixed dose LMWH (Tinzaparin). Thromb Res 2021; 207:25-32. [PMID: 34530386 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gynaecological cancer surgery is associated with high rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) despite recommended prophylaxis. We sought to investigate the impact of extended prophylaxis with fixed dose and weight based LMWH in patients undergoing gynaecological cancer surgery. METHODS VTE rates were recorded in patients who received LMWH prophylaxis (4500 IU Tinzaparin once daily) for the duration of hospital stay (2006-2012) (n = 610) and were compared with VTE rates in patients who underwent surgery after the introduction of extended prophylaxis (3500/4500 IU Tinzaparin for patients with BMI < 40kg/m2 and 75 IU/kg for BMI > 40 kg/m2) (2012-2017) (n = 651). Peak (4 h) anti-Xa levels in a subset of patients were also evaluated. RESULTS 73 (5.7%) cases of VTE were recorded during 1 year of follow-up. 20 cases occurred during hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the rate of VTE between the extended prophylaxis cohort and the standard prophylaxis cohort. 23/24 patients who developed VTE in the extended prophylaxis cohort received a fixed (4500 units) dose of Tinzaparin. 63% of patients who received a fixed LMWH dose had peak anti-Xa levels below the target range (0.2-0.4 IU/ml). Peak anti-Xa was lower in patients who subsequently developed VTE compared with those who received either fixed dose (P = 0.041) and weight adjusted Tinzaparin (P = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS Extended prophylaxis with Tinzaparin does not significantly reduce VTE rates in gynaecological cancer patients post surgery. Peak anti-Xa levels may be suboptimal in many patients receiving a fixed LMWH dose. Further studies are required to determine whether weight adjusted doses of Tinzaparin may provide more effective prophylaxis following gynaecological cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abu Saadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Division of Gynaecology Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Z Marchocki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Division of Gynaecology Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - S A O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Dept of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - N Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Division of Gynaecology Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - N Gleeson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Division of Gynaecology Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - L A Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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17
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Oxley SG, Achampong YA, Sambandan N, Hughes DJ, Thomas M, Lockley M, Olaitan A. Venous thromboembolism in women with ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to cytoreductive surgery: A retrospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:2091-2096. [PMID: 34486103 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is associated with a venous thromboembolism risk of at least 7.2% by 2 years from diagnosis, and although patients undergoing surgery benefit from routine thromboprophylaxis, those undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy do not. This study aims to determine the venous thromboembolism incidence in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and explore whether any subset is at higher risk, in order to evaluate whether thromboprophylaxis is justified in some or all of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of all women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for FIGO radiological stages III and IV primary ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer, between 2000 and 2015, in a London tertiary cancer center. The primary outcome was venous thromboembolism rate among women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The secondary outcomes were patient or treatment factors associated with venous thromboembolism risk, including age, body mass index, smoking status, performance status, and tumor stage. RESULTS We identified 278 eligible women from the ovarian cancer database. Fifty-eight women (20.9%) developed venous thromboembolism between initial presentation and the immediate postoperative period, of which 45 (77.6%) developed a pulmonary embolism. In all, 15.1% of women developed venous thromboembolism from the start of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Age, body mass index, smoking, or other comorbidities were not significantly associated with venous thromboembolism risk. One woman died from massive pulmonary embolism, 27 women underwent inferior vena cava filter insertion, and 10 had surgery delayed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an unacceptably high rate of avoidable venous thromboembolism including pulmonary embolism in these women, which complicates and delays treatment. Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy should now be assessed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Oxley
- Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yaa A Achampong
- Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikola Sambandan
- Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Hughes
- Department of Cancer Services, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mari Thomas
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiometabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UC Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Department of Cancer Services, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adeola Olaitan
- Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Friend or foe? The prognostic role of endometriosis in women with clear cell ovarian carcinoma. A UK population-based cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:1279-1289. [PMID: 34468823 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognostic role of endometriosis amongst women with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) remains debatable. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of endometriosis on the prognosis of OCCC. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of 94 women diagnosed and treated for OCCC at a tertiary gynaecological cancer centre in the UK, spanning the period 2010-2019. Women were divided into two groups according to the presence of endometriosis. Clinico-pathological characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were collated between the two groups. RESULTS Forty-six cases of endometriosis-free OCCC (Ef-OCCC) were collated with 48 cases of endometriosis-related OCCC (Er-OCCC). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age (p-value = 0.2), FIGO stage (p-value = 0.8), residual disease (RD) (p-value = 0.07), adjuvant chemotherapy agent (p-value = 0.4) or chemo-resistance (p-value = 0.9). The presence of endometriosis did not significantly affect either OS or PFS. The median OS in the Ef-OCCC and Er-OCCC was 55.00 (95% CI 32.00-189.00) and 71.00 (95% CI 47.00-97.00; log rank = 1.35, p-value = 0.2) months. The median PFS in the Ef-OCCC and Er-OCCC group was 39.00 (95% CI 19.00-143.00) and 39.00 (95% CI 19.00-62.00; log rank = 0.7, p-value = 0.4) months. Survival differences between the two groups were not significant after stratification analysis for independent prognosticators. CONCLUSION Endometriosis was not independently associated with the prognosis of OCCC either in crude analysis or after stratification for stage and RD. Further larger, well-designed prospective studies are warranted to draw firmer conclusions on the intrinsic link between endometriosis and OCCC.
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Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Matsuo K, Yachida N, Miyoshi A, Takahashi K, Sugino K, Yamaguchi M, Mori Y, Suda K, Ishiguro T, Okuda S, Motoyama T, Nakaoka H, Kikuchi A, Ueda Y, Inoue I, Enomoto T. Proposing a molecular classification associated with hypercoagulation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:327-333. [PMID: 34452748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is associated with high incidence of thromboembolism, the clinicopathological and biological significance of hypercoagulable status in CCC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed pretreatment D-dimer levels, thromboembolic status, and clinical outcome of 125 CCCs in the discovery set and 143 CCCs in two other independent validation sets. Next, we performed RNA sequencing of 93 CCCs and compared coagulation-related gene profiles with 2492 pan-cancer data. We investigated differences in molecular characteristics of CCC subclasses based on coagulation status. RESULTS In the discovery dataset, D-dimer elevation above the normal range was significantly associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival, irrespective to thromboembolic status. Multivariate analysis identified D-dimer elevation and clinical stage as an independent prognostic factors. We confirmed the prognostic significance of D-dimer elevation in the validation sets. Tissue factor and IL6, which are considered key elements of cancer-induced hypercoagulation, were highly expressed in CCC than in other cancers regardless of D-dimer level. Higher activity of various oncogenic pathways was observed in CCC with compared to without D-dimer elevation. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis divided 57 CCCs with D-dimer elevation into immunologically hot and cold tumor subtypes. Hot tumors were characterized by enrichment of T-cell inflamed phenotype, inflammation, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and high serum levels of CRP, and cold tumors by enrichment of cell cycle and MYC pathways. CONCLUSIONS CCC represents hypercoagulable disease and elevate D-dimer is a prognostic factor for decreased survival in CCC. D-dimer high CCC has distinct molecular characteristics into the inflammatory-driven pathway (hot tumor) and the immune-suppressive pathway (cold tumor). Treatment implication of our proposed molecular classification merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nozomi Yachida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ai Miyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahashi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Teiichi Motoyama
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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20
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De Pauw A, Naert E, Van de Vijver K, Philippe T, Vandecasteele K, Denys H. A CLEARER VIEW ON OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA. Acta Clin Belg 2021; 77:792-804. [PMID: 34404331 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1964051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a less common subtype accounting for approximately 5% of all epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Clinical experience and research findings confirm the remarkable differences in clinical behavior, molecular alterations and pathogenesis of OCCC. The diagnosis of OCCC is typically set at a younger age, and earlier stage and in a background of endometriosis.Results: Molecularly, OCCCs rarely harbor BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and have fewer copy number variants (CNVs). The most common molecular changes occur in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex genes, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras signaling pathway.Five-year disease-specific survival of patients with OCCC is worse compared to high grade serous carcinomas (HGSOC). The current treatment options for OCCC are based on studies that included patients with predominantly HGSOC and only a minor proportion of cancers with clear cell histology. In order to improve outcomes for patients with OCCC, research should be specific for this subtype.Discussion: As the available information about the specific characteristics of OCCC is increasing, especially at a molecular level, it should be possible to continuously improve the specific diagnostics and treatment. Since OCCC is so rare, it is essential to collect new evidence at an international level. To avoid extrapolation from EOC trials with possible erroneous conclusions, patients should always be encouraged to participate in specific histological trials and basket trials, while paying extra attention to OCCC-like subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja De Pauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Naert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tummers Philippe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gynecology, Gent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandecasteele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Radiation Therapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Strøm Kahr H, Christiansen OB, Juul Riddersholm S, Gade IL, Torp-Pedersen C, Knudsen A, Thorlacius-Ussing O. The timing of venous thromboembolism in ovarian cancer patients: A nationwide Danish cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:992-1000. [PMID: 33420762 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with excess mortality and morbidity in cancer, and is influenced by patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. We aimed to investigate the impact of such factors in a national cohort of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS Patients in the Danish Gynecologic Cancer Database (DGCD) with EOC from 2005 to 2014 were followed from time of diagnosis to VTE, or censoring. Surgery, chemotherapy, and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-inhibitors were included as time-varying exposures in Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS A total of 551 VTE events were registered in 4991 EOC patients. Median follow-up time was 2.9 years. The 2-year cumulative incidence of VTE was 7.2%. Patients were at highest risk during the first year after EOC diagnosis. Previous VTE was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.42-4.39). Exposure to major pelvic surgery was associated with a HR of 3.21 (95% CI 2.29-4.50). Exposure to chemotherapy or (VEGF)-inhibitors were associated with HRs of 1.91 (95% CI 1.56-2.33) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.57-1.93), respectively. Hazard ratios for patients with clear cell histopathology was 1.46 (95% CI 0.97-2.20) and 2.42 for International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage III--IV (95% CI 1.93-3.03). CONCLUSIONS EOC is associated with a high risk of VTE, particularly within the first year after diagnosis. Major pelvic surgery and chemotherapy were strongly associated with VTE. Person-related risk factors were increasing age and previous VTE. Advanced stage was an independent tumor-related risk factor. These findings support the indication for thrombosis prophylaxis during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Strøm Kahr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole B Christiansen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Inger L Gade
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Aage Knudsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Thorlacius-Ussing
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Zhu C, Xu Z, Zhang T, Qian L, Xiao W, Wei H, Jin T, Zhou Y. Updates of Pathogenesis, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:2295-2316. [PMID: 33758607 PMCID: PMC7974897 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a special pathological type of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) and has a high prevalence in Asia without specific molecular subtype classification. Endometriosis is a recognized precancerous lesion that carries 3-fold increased risk of OCCC. Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, which also originates from endometriosis, shares several features with OCCC, including platinum resistance and younger age at diagnosis. Patients with OCCC have about a 2.5 to 4 times greater risk of having a venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with other EOC, and OCCC tends to metastasize through lymphatic vesicular and peritoneal spread as opposed to hematogenous metastasis. There is only mild elevation of the conventional biomarker CA125. Staging surgery or optimal cytoreduction combined with chemotherapy is a common therapeutic strategy for OCCC. However, platinum resistance commonly portends a poor prognosis, so novel treatments are urgently needed. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are currently being studied, including PARP, EZH2, and ATR inhibitors combined with the synthetic lethality of ARID1A-dificiency, and MAPK/PI3K/HER2, VEGF/bFGF/PDGF, HNF1β, and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Advanced stage, suboptimal cytoreduction, platinum resistance, lymph node metastasis, and VTE are major prognostic predictors for OCCC. We focus on update pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches to provide future directions for clinical diagnosis and treatment of OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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Ward MP, Saadeh FA, O'Toole SA, O'Leary JJ, Gleeson N, Norris LA. Procoagulant activity in high grade serous ovarian cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemotherapy-The role of the activated protein C pathway. Thromb Res 2021; 200:91-98. [PMID: 33571724 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer patients are at high risk of thrombosis particularly during chemotherapy treatment however the mechanism is not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the activated protein C (aPC) pathway in the procoagulant activity observed in ovarian cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thrombin generation was determined before and after addition of thrombomodulin (TM) in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 29) compared with HGSOC patients who were chemo naïve (n = 23) and patients with benign tumours (n = 29). Plasma expression of proteins from the aPC pathway was analysed. mRNA expression was determined in endothelial (EA.hy926) and ovarian (OAW42) cell lines following addition of carboplatin and paclitaxel. RESULTS Lower levels of ETP (p < 0.007; p < 0.003) and peak thrombin (p < 0.0008; p < 0.0018) were found in the neoadjuvant group compared with both chemo naïve and benign groups. Following addition of TM, ETP (p < 0.0005) and peak thrombin (p < 0.0049) were higher in the neoadjuvant group compared with the benign controls indicating an increase in aPC resistance. Increased TM and lower levels of protein S were found in the neoadjuvant group compared with benign controls (p < 0.05; p < 0.003). Factor V levels were increased in the neoadjuvant group compared with the chemo naïve group (p < 0.05). Carboplatin and paclitaxel altered the expression of EPCR and thrombomodulin in OAW42 cells with a modest effect on EA.hy926 cells. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy induced procoagulant activity in HGSOC is associated with an alteration in expression of key members of the aPC pathway. This acquired aPC resistance may explain the procoagulant phenotype associated with ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Ward
- Coagulation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Coagulation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Gynae-oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon A O'Toole
- Coagulation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Coagulation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Gynae-oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lucy A Norris
- Coagulation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Update on extended prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism following surgery for gynaecological cancers. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Xu Y, Jia Y, Zhang Q, Du Y, He Y, Zheng A. Incidence and risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with ovarian cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:610-618. [PMID: 33221022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ovarian malignancy. There is no meta-analysis available on this topic so far. The aim of our study was to quantitatively synthesize the data from studies with respect to the incidence and risk factors for postoperative VTE among cases with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for papers containing the key words "venous thromboembolism", "postoperative", "postoperation", "ovarian neoplasm", "ovary neoplasm", "ovarian cancer", "ovary cancer", and "cancer of ovary". Studies selection, data extraction, quality assessment of eligible studies were performed independently by our different reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine postoperative VTE incidence and risk factors in women with EOC. Sensitivity analysis were used to verify the robustness of the results of meta-analyses if necessary. RESULTS In total, 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled incidence for postoperative symptomatic VTE was 3% (95% CI, 0.03-0.04) and for postoperative symptomatic as well as asymptomatic VTE was 8% (95% CI, 0.07-0.09). The presence of history of VTE (OR, 2.37), advanced-stages (OR, 2.35), high complexity of surgery (OR, 2.20), clear cell carcinoma of ovary (OR, 2.53) and residual disease>1 cm (OR, 2.57) significantly increase the likelihood of having postoperative VTE. Other risk factors for postoperative VTE in EOC patients were BMI>30 (OR, 1.58), per 10-years increase in age (OR, 1.22), ASA score>2 (OR, 1.45), ascites (OR, 2.07), the diameter of residual disease is between 0 cm to 1 cm (OR, 2.06) and smoking history (OR, 1.54). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that VTE, especially subclinical VTE, is a prevalent complication in postoperative patients with EOC. History of VTE, advanced FIGO stages, high complexity of surgery, obesity, older age, ascites, higher ASA score, smoking history and suboptimal debulking are associated with this increased incidence of postoperative VTE among patients with EOC. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020209662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Iida Y, Okamoto A, Hollis RL, Gourley C, Herrington CS. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a clinical and molecular perspective. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 31:605-616. [PMID: 32948640 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary has distinct biology and clinical behavior. There are significant geographical and racial differences in the incidence of clear cell carcinoma compared with other epithelial ovarian tumors. Patients with clear cell carcinoma are younger, tend to present at an early stage, and their tumors are commonly associated with endometriosis, which is widely accepted as a direct precursor of clear cell carcinoma and has been identified pathologically in approximately 50% of clear cell carcinoma cases. The most frequent and important specific gene alterations in clear cell carcinoma are mutations of AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) (~50% of cases) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (~50% cases). More broadly, subgroups of clear cell carcinoma have been identified based on C-APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) and C-AGE (age-related) mutational signatures. Gene expression profiling shows upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) and oxidative stress-related genes, and has identified epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like tumor subgroups. Although the benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy is not clearly defined it remains the mainstay of first-line therapy. Patients with early-stage disease have a favorable clinical outcome but the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage or recurrent disease is poor. Alternative treatment strategies are required to improve patient outcome and the development of targeted therapies based on molecular characteristics is a promising approach. Improved specificity of the histological definition of this tumor type is helping these efforts but, due to the rarity of clear cell carcinoma, international collaboration will be essential to design appropriately powered, large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert L Hollis
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
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Meta-Analysis of VTE Risk: Ovarian Cancer Patients by Stage, Histology, Cytoreduction, and Ascites at Diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2020; 2020:2374716. [PMID: 32963543 PMCID: PMC7486642 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2374716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) have been a leading secondary cause of death among ovarian cancer patients, prompting multiple studies of risk factors. The objective of this meta-analysis is to quantify the associations between VTE and the most commonly reported risk factors among ovarian cancer patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were used to identify observational studies. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed quality via the Newcastle–Ottawa tool. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios for VTE with each of the following exposures: advanced cancer stage, clear cell histology, serous histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreduction. The I2 and Q tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Twenty cohort studies with 6,324 total ovarian cancer patients, 769 of whom experienced a VTE, were included. The odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients were higher among patients with cancer stage III/IV (versus cancer stage I/II, pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.73; 95% CI 1.84–4.06; I2= 64%), clear cell (versus nonclear cell) histology (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.55–2.89; I2 = 6%), and ascites (versus no ascites) at diagnosis (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.51–2.96; I2 = 32%). Serous (versus nonserous) histology (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.91–1.75; I2 = 42%) and complete (versus incomplete) cytoreduction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.27–4.11; I2 = 88%) were not associated with VTE. This meta-analysis quantifies the significantly elevated odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients with advanced stage at diagnosis, clear cell histology, and ascites at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to account for confounders and inform clinical decision-making tools.
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Norris LA, Ward MP, O'Toole SA, Marchocki Z, Ibrahim N, Khashan AS, Abu Saadeh F, Gleeson N. A risk score for prediction of venous thromboembolism in gynecologic cancer: The Thrombogyn score. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:848-859. [PMID: 32685894 PMCID: PMC7354387 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gynecologic cancers are associated with high rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is exacerbated by pelvic surgery and chemotherapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk score for VTE in patients with gynecologic cancer and to test the predictive ability of the score following addition of procoagulant biomarker data. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical and laboratory variables were used to develop a risk score for the prediction of VTE in patients with gynecological cancer (n = 616), which was validated in a separate cohort of patients (n = 406). Endogenous thrombin potential and D-dimer levels were determined in a subset (n = 290) of patients and used to produce an extended score in the validation cohort. RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis identified BMI >30, hemoglobin <11.5 g/dL and chemotherapy as independent predictors of VTE, which formed the Thrombogyn score. Following competing risk regression analysis, subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs), adjusted for cancer stage, were 8.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-43.77) in the high-risk group (score = 2-3) and 4.12 (95% CI, 0.85-20.15) in the intermediate-risk group (score = 1) compared with the low-risk group (score = 0). SHRs for the validation cohort were 6.26 (95% CI, 1.24-31.39) and 3.00 (95% CI, 0.67-13.32), respectively. Cumulative incidence of VTE in the validation cohort high-risk group was 10.34% (95% CI, 6.51-16.41) per women-years compared with 1.06% (95% CI, 0.26-4.26) in the low-risk group. Using the extended Thrombogyn score, adjusted SHRs were 16.83 (95% CI, 4.20-67.37) in the high-risk group with a cumulative incidence of 21.15% (95% CI, 10.32-45.24). External validation of the score is required. CONCLUSIONS The Thrombogyn score identifies patients with gynecologic cancer at high and low risk of VTE. Addition of biomarker data improves the predictive power of the score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Sharon A. O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Zibi Marchocki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
- Department of Gynaecology OncologySt James’s HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Nadia Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
- Department of Gynaecology OncologySt James’s HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Ali S. Khashan
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT)University College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
- Department of Gynaecology OncologySt James’s HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTrinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health SciencesSt. James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
- Department of Gynaecology OncologySt James’s HospitalDublin 8Ireland
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Achen G, Dolivet E, Turck M, Fauvet R. [Incidence and impact of venous thrombosis in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of ovarian cancer]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:506-513. [PMID: 32173596 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), which worsens overall survival. The main objective of our study was to calculate the incidence of VTE in our population. We analyzed VTE impact on diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, monocentric study in ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer patients, divided into 2 groups (« Presence of VTE » and « Absence of VTE »). A univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with VTE was performed, and we compared delays of management in both groups. RESULTS Among 157 patients included in the study, 22.9% presented a VTE, and 52.8% were asymptomatic. The VTE was diagnosed prior to any treatment in 61.1% of patients and revealed the ovarian cancer in 27.8% of cases. In multivariate analysis, tumor size (OR=1.1, 95% CI: 1-2.21, P=0.012), malnutrition (OR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.16-12,4, P=0.028) and Ddimer level above 1.5μg/mL (OR=13.8, 95% CI 1.2-152.8, P=0.02) were significantly associated with VTE. No significant difference was found between the two groups in diagnostic or therapeutic strategy, as well as in delays of management. CONCLUSION We report a high incidence of VTE in ovarian cancer, including a lot of asymptomatic events. An early diagnosis with clinical examination and Ddimer level could improve its management and its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Achen
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Caen, bâtiment FEH, avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - E Dolivet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Caen, bâtiment FEH, avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; Service de chirurgie, centre François Baclesse, 3, avenue du Général Harris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Turck
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Caen, bâtiment FEH, avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R Fauvet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Caen, bâtiment FEH, avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
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Komatsu H, Shimada M, Osaku D, Deura I, Sato S, Oishi T, Harada T. Deep vein thrombosis and serum D-dimer after pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:860-864. [PMID: 32276932 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism prevention during the perioperative period requires comprehensive risk-level assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and to assess the cut-off levels of serum D-dimer as a screening strategy for deep vein thrombosis during the perioperative period. METHODS A total of 205 patients (ovarian cancer: 68, endometrial cancer: 76, cervical cancer: 61) who underwent gynecological surgery, including retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, were enrolled. We retrospectively analyzed the data on the cut-off value of D-dimer assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve preoperatively, and 2 or 3 months, postoperatively. All patients underwent leg vein ultrasonography regardless of the serum D-dimer level. Furthermore, CT scans were performed to evaluate both disease status and venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary thromboembolism. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test (D-dimer values of each cancer), Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test (incidence of deep vein thrombosis), and one-way analysis of variance (patient characteristics). RESULTS A total of 205 patients (ovarian cancer: 68, endometrial cancer: 76, cervical cancer: 61) who underwent gynecological surgery, including retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, were included in the analysis. Deep vein thrombosis rates were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer (P<0.001). The postoperative D-dimer value was significantly higher than the preoperative value. Postoperative D-dimer values were also significantly higher in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.001). The cut-off value of D-dimer was 1.55 µg/mL preoperatively (sensitivity, 48.0%; specificity, 94.1%), and this value was higher postoperatively, at 1.95 µg/mL (sensitivity, 37.0%; specificity, 90.9%). CONCLUSION Postoperative D-dimer values are higher not only after surgery but also in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The cut-off value of D-dimer at 2 or 3 months postoperatively was higher than preoperative value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Komatsu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daiken Osaku
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Imari Deura
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sei Marianna Ika Daigaku Yokohama-shi Seibu Byoin, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oishi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Abstract
This review is an appraisal of the current state of knowledge of 2 enigmatic histotypes of ovarian carcinoma: endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. Both show an association endometriosis and the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch) syndrome, and both typically present at an early stage. Pathologic and immunohistochemical features that distinguish these tumors from high-grade serous carcinomas, each other, and other potential mimics are discussed, as are staging, grading, and molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Vinita Parkash
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, EP2-607, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Levy A, Leynes C, Baig M, Chew SA. The Application of Biomaterials in the Treatment of Platinum‐Resistant Ovarian Cancer. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1810-1827. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkene Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences Nova Southeastern University 3200 South University Drive Davie FL 33328 USA
| | - Carolina Leynes
- Department Health and Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA
| | - Mirza Baig
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University 3200 South University Drive Davie FL 33328 USA
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Department Health and Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA
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Kahr HS, Christiansen OB, Grove A, Iyer V, Torp-Pedersen C, Knudsen A, Thorlacius-Ussing O. Venous thromboembolism in epithelial ovarian cancer. A prospective cohort study. Thromb Res 2019; 181:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lee HY, Hong JH, Byun JH, Kim HJ, Baek SK, Kim JY, Kim KH, Yun J, Kim JA, Park K, Lee HJ, Lee JL, Won YW, Kim IH, Bae WK, Park KH, Sun DS, Lee S, Lee MY, Lee GJ, Hong SH, Jung YH, An HJ. Clinical Characteristics of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience of 308 Patients in South Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:277-283. [PMID: 31319640 PMCID: PMC6962489 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment pattern of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in Korea and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage. Materials and Methods Medical records of 308 cases of from 21 institutions were reviewed and data including age, performance status, endometriosis, thromboembolism, stage, cancer antigen 125, treatment, recurrence, and death were collected. Results Regarding stage of OCCC, it was stage I in 194 (63.6%), stage II in 34 (11.1%), stage III in 66 (21.6%), and stage IV in 11 (3.6%) patients. All patients underwent surgery. Optimal surgery (residual disease ≤ 1 cm) was achieved in 89.3%. Majority of patients (80.5%) received postoperative chemotherapy. The most common regimen was taxane-platinum combination (96%). Median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 138.5 months for stage I, 33.4 for stage II, 19.3 for stage III, and 9.7 for stage IV. Median overall survival (OS) were not reached, 112.4, 48.7, and 18.3 months for stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Early-stage (stage I), endometriosis, and optimal debulking were identified as favorable prognostic factors for RFS. Early-stage and optimal debulking were also favorable prognostic factors for OS. Majority of patients with early-stage received adjuvant chemotherapy. However, additional survival benefit was not found in terms of recurrence. Conclusion Majority of patients had early-stage and received postoperative chemotherapy regardless of stage. Early-stage and optimal debulking were identified as favorable prognostic factors. In stage IA or IB, adding adjuvant chemotherapy did not show difference in survival. Further study focusing on OCCC is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Hyang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jina Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jung A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Gangdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwonoh Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Lim Lee
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Woong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Der-Sheng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Suee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guk Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sook Hee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ho Jung An
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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PIK3CA hotspot mutations and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in ovarian clear cell carcinomas: a close association with stromal features. Hum Pathol 2019; 86:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Traditionally, the management of epithelial ovarian cancer has been approached using a one-size-fits-all mentality. This strategy does not acknowledge the differences in epidemiology and clinical behavior of many of the histologic and molecular subgroups of ovarian cancer, specifically the rare histologies. While cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy is the mainstay of primary treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer as a group, further investigation of novel therapeutics is critical for improving outcomes of these rare histologies. This article focuses on the management of non-high grade serous histologies of ovarian cancer.
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37
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Joo HL, Shin YR, Rha SE, Park CS, Shim DJ, Kim K. Preoperative discrimination of tumour stage in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 2018; 109:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wendel JRH, Wang X, Hawkins SM. The Endometriotic Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080261. [PMID: 30087267 PMCID: PMC6115869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, specifically ovarian endometrioid, low-grade serous, and clear-cell adenocarcinoma. An important clinical caveat to the association of endometriosis with ovarian cancer is the improved prognosis for women with endometriosis at time of ovarian cancer staging. Whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers develop from the molecular transformation of endometriosis or develop because of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment remain unknown. Additionally, how the presence of endometriosis improves prognosis is also undefined, but likely relies on the endometriotic microenvironment. The unique tumor microenvironment of endometriosis is composed of epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, which adapt to survive in hypoxic conditions with high levels of iron, estrogen, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Understanding the unique molecular features of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment may lead to impactful precision therapies and/or modalities for prevention. A challenge to this important study is the rarity of well-characterized clinical samples and the limited model systems. In this review, we will describe the unique molecular features of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, the endometriotic tumor microenvironment, and available model systems for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. Continued research on these unique ovarian cancers may lead to improved prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Hufgard Wendel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Brady WE, Farley J, Armstrong A, Uyar DS, Gershenson DM. Phase II study of single-agent cabozantinib in patients with recurrent clear cell ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer (NRG-GY001). Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:9-13. [PMID: 29739622 PMCID: PMC6365003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cabozantinib in recurrent clear cell ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. METHODS Patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian or primary peritoneal tumors with at least 50% clear cell histomorphology, measurable disease, one or two prior regimens and ECOG performance status 0-2 received cabozantinib 60 mg orally once daily continuously, in 4-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) at six months and complete or partial tumor response (as assessed by RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints included toxicity, PFS, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Over 19 months, 13 patients were accrued. Fifty-four percent of patients were ≥60 years of age. Performance statuses of 0 and 1 comprised 8 and 5 patients. No objective tumor responses were seen. Three (23% [95% CI: 5%, 54%]) of 13 patients had PFS ≥6 months, including one patient who received cabozantinib for 23 cycles and was still on treatment as of the data cut-off date. Median PFS and OS were 3.6 and 8.1 months, respectively. There was one patient with a grade 5 event: a thromboembolic event considered possibly related to study therapy; patient's cause of death was determined to be due to disease and protocol treatment. Four other patients had thromboembolic events (two grade 3 and one each grade 1 and grade 2). Other grade 3 or higher events reported in two or more patients were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dyspnea, and dehydration. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib demonstrated minimal activity in the second- and third-line treatments of clear cell ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William E Brady
- NRG Oncology, Clinical Trial Development Division, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - John Farley
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Serviced University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Amy Armstrong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Denise S Uyar
- Gynecologic Oncology, Medical School of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - David M Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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40
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Takano H, Nakajima K, Nagayoshi Y, Komazaki H, Suzuki J, Tanabe H, Niimi S, Isonishi S, Okamoto A. Clinical associations of Trousseau's syndrome associated with cerebral infarction and ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2018; 29:e67. [PMID: 30022631 PMCID: PMC6078900 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since there have been few large series studies to date, we investigated the relationship between Trousseau's syndrome associated with cerebral infarction and its clinical associations with ovarian cancer. Methods In this study, we investigated the association between cerebral infarction onset and ovarian cancer. Eight-hundred twenty-seven consecutive ovarian cancer patients from 4 affiliated academic institutions were included in the study over a 12 years period. All patients were histopathologically diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer and were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 27 patients (3.2%) presented with cerebral infarction during the study period, 14 patients onset prior to treatment (1.7%), and 13 patients onset after start of initial treatment (1.5%). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis was performed for onset of Trousseau's syndrome and various clinical and pathological parameters. There was no statistical significance between the occurrence of Trousseau's syndrome with age or International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage; however, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and non-CCC histology. Conclusion Thus, our results demonstrate that Trousseau's syndrome with cerebral infarction occurred with greater incidence among CCC cases compared to non-CCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Nakajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nagayoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Komazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Isonishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (oCCC) is a distinctive subtype of ovarian carcinoma, with peculiar genetic and environmental risk factors, precursor lesions, molecular events during oncogenesis, patterns of spread, and response to treatment. Because of low response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis in advanced stages, there is growing interest in investigating the molecular pathways involved in oCCC development, in order to individualize novel/molecular targeted therapies. Until now, the main molecular genetic changes associated with oCCC remain to be identified, and, although several molecular changes have been reported in clear cell tumors, most studies have analyzed a limited number of cases; therefore, the true prevalence of those changes is not known. The present review will present the clinicopathologic features of oCCC, from morphology to molecular biology, discussing the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this intriguing ovarian carcinoma.
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42
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Morikawa A, Hayashi T, Shimizu N, Kobayashi M, Taniue K, Takahashi A, Tachibana K, Saito M, Kawabata A, Iida Y, Ueda K, Saito M, Yanaihara N, Tanabe H, Yamada K, Takano H, Nureki O, Okamoto A, Akiyama T. PIK3CA and KRAS mutations in cell free circulating DNA are useful markers for monitoring ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15266-15274. [PMID: 29632642 PMCID: PMC5880602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) exhibits distinct phenotypes, such as resistance to chemotherapy, poor prognosis and an association with endometriosis. Biomarkers and imaging techniques currently in use are not sufficient for reliable diagnosis of this tumor or prediction of therapeutic response. It has recently been reported that analysis of somatic mutations in cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) released from tumor tissues can be useful for tumor diagnosis. In the present study, we attempted to detect mutations in PIK3CA and KRAS in cfDNA from OCCC patients using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Here we show that we were able to specifically detect PIK3CA-H1047R and KRAS-G12D in cfDNA from OCCC patients and monitor their response to therapy. Furthermore, we found that by cleaving wild-type PIK3CA using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we were able to improve the sensitivity of the ddPCR method and detect cfDNA harboring PIK3CA-H1047R. Our results suggest that detection of mutations in cfDNA by ddPCR would be useful for the diagnosis of OCCC, and for predicting its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzui Taniue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Tachibana
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawabata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University, Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University, Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakurai M, Matsumoto K, Gosho M, Sakata A, Hosokawa Y, Tenjimbayashi Y, Katoh T, Shikama A, Komiya H, Michikami H, Tasaka N, Akiyama-Abe A, Nakao S, Ochi H, Onuki M, Minaguchi T, Yoshikawa H, Satoh T. Expression of Tissue Factor in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Is Involved in the Development of Venous Thromboembolism. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:37-43. [PMID: 27755234 PMCID: PMC5181121 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our 2007 study of 32 patients with ovarian cancer reported the possible involvement of tissue factor (TF) in the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) before treatment, especially in clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This follow-up study further investigated this possibility in a larger cohort. Methods We investigated the intensity of TF expression (ITFE) and other variables for associations with VTE using univariate and multivariate analyses in 128 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer initially treated between November 2004 and December 2010, none of whom had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Before starting treatment, all patients were ultrasonographically screened for VTE. The ITFE was graded based on immunostaining of surgical specimens. Results Histological types were serous carcinoma (n = 42), CCC (n = 12), endometrioid carcinoma (n = 15), mucinous carcinoma (n = 53), and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 6). The prevalence of VTE was significantly higher in CCC (34%) than in non-CCC (17%, P = 0.03). As ITFE increased, the frequencies of CCC and VTE increased significantly (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified TF expression and pretreatment dimerized plasmin fragment D level as significant independent risk factors for VTE development. These factors showed particularly strong impacts on advanced-stage disease (P = 0.021). Conclusions The 2007 cohort was small, preventing multivariate analysis. This study of a larger cohort yielded stronger evidence that the development of VTE in epithelial ovarian cancer may involve TF expression in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakurai
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of *Obstetrics and Gynecology and †Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, and ‡Department of Pathology, Tsukuba Human Tissue Diagnostic Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Rekhi B, Deodhar KK, Menon S, Maheshwari A, Bajpai J, Ghosh J, Shylasree ST, Gupta S. Napsin A and WT 1 are useful immunohistochemical markers for differentiating clear cell carcinoma ovary from high-grade serous carcinoma. APMIS 2017; 126:45-55. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | - Kedar K. Deodhar
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | - Amita Maheshwari
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Gynaecology); Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | - Jyoti Bajpai
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | - Jaya Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
| | | | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology; Tata Memorial Hospital; Parel Mumbai India
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An evaluation of progression free survival and overall survival of ovarian cancer patients with clear cell carcinoma versus serous carcinoma treated with platinum therapy: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:243-249. [PMID: 28807367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined disparities in prognosis between patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SOC). METHODS We reviewed data from FIGO stage I-IV epithelial ovarian cancer patients who participated in 12 prospective randomized GOG protocols. Proportional hazards models were used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by cell type (clear cell versus serous). RESULTS There were 10,803 patients enrolled, 9531 were eligible, evaluable and treated with platinum, of whom 544 (6%) had OCCC, 7054 (74%) had SOC, and 1933 (20%) had other histologies and are not included further. In early stage (I-II) patients, PFS was significantly better in OCCC than in SOC patients. For late stage (III, IV) patients, OCCC had worse PFS and OS compared to SOC, OS HR=1.66 (1.43, 1.91; p<0.001). After adjusting for age and stratifying by protocol and treatment arm, stage, performance status, and race, OCCC had a significantly decreased OS, HR=1.53 (1.33, 1.76; p<0.001). In early stage cases, there was a significantly decreased treatment effect on PFS for consolidative therapy with weekly Paclitaxel versus observation in OCCC compared to SOC (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the largest analyses to date of OCCC treated on multiple cooperative group trials. OCCC histology is more common than SOC in early stage disease. When adjusted for prognostic factors, in early stage patients, PFS was better for OCCC than for SOC; however, in late-stage patients, OCCC was significantly associated with decreased OS. Finally, treatment effect was influenced by histology.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND D-dimer has been widely used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer, but there is still controversy on its prediction value of ovarian cancer. OBJECTIVES To explore the clinical significance of plasma D-dimer level on ovarian cancer systematically. METHODS Using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science libraries, all the relevant studies for the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma D-dimer for ovarian cancer and the relationship between elevated D-dimer level and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk of ovarian cancer were searched till May 30, 2016. Standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were appropriately pooled. RESULTS A total of 15 eligible studies involving a total of 1437 cancer patients were included. No significant association was found between high D-dimer level and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (HR 1.32, 95% CI: 0.90-1.95, P = .044). However, subgroup analysis indicated that the sample sizes could explain the heterogeneity between studies. And elevated D-dimer could predict increased risk of mortality when the sample sizes were >100 (HR 1.800, 95% CI: 1.283-2.523, P = .845). Besides, plasma D-dimer level was significantly higher in malignant ovarian cancer patients compared with benign controls (SMD 0.774, 95% CI: 0.597-0.951, P = .39), higher in advanced ovarian cancer patients (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] classification III and IV) than in early stage ovarian cancer patients (FIGO classification I and II, SMD 0.611, 95% CI: 0.373-0.849, P = .442). And high D-dimer level indicated high VTE risk (OR 4.068, 95% CI: 2.423-6.829, P = .629) of ovarian cancer patients. CONCLUSION The plasma D-dimer level in ovarian cancer patients can predict the changes that correlated with disease progression and the VTE risk. But its predictive value for the prognosis of ovarian cancer was significantly dependent on the sample sizes. More well-designed studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate and update the findings of present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Wu
- Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Guangquan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cohen JG, Prendergast E, Geddings JE, Walts AE, Agadjanian H, Hisada Y, Karlan BY, Mackman N, Walsh CS. Evaluation of venous thrombosis and tissue factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:146-152. [PMID: 28501328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are associated with the highest risk of VTE among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which can trigger thrombosis. We sought to evaluate if there is an association between VTE and tumor expression of tissue factor (TF), plasma TF, and microvesicle TF (MV TF) activity in this high-risk population. METHODS We performed a case-control study of OCCC and HGSOC patients with and without VTE. 105 patients who underwent surgery at a tertiary care center between January 1995 and October 2013 were included. Plasma TF was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A TF-dependent Factor Xa generation assay was used to measure MV TF activity. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to evaluate tumor expression of TF. RESULTS 35 women with OCCC or HGSOC diagnosed with VTE within 9months of surgery were included in the case group. Those with VTE had a worse OS, p<0.0001, with a greater than three-fold increase in risk of death, HR 3.33 (CI 1.75-6.35). There was no significant difference in median plasma TF level or MV TF activity level between patients with and without VTE. OCCC patients had greater expression of TF in their tumors than patients with HGSOC, p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS TFMV activity and plasma TF level were not predictive of VTE in this patient population. Given the extensive expression of TF in OCCC tumors, it is unlikely IHC expression will be useful in risk stratification for VTE in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Cohen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 220, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily Prendergast
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia E Geddings
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 2312 MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7126, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hasmik Agadjanian
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 2312 MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7126, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; K.G. Jebsen TREC, The Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 2312 MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7126, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; K.G. Jebsen TREC, The Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christine S Walsh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Swier N, Versteeg HH. Reciprocal links between venous thromboembolism, coagulation factors and ovarian cancer progression. Thromb Res 2016; 150:8-18. [PMID: 27988375 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, which is due to late presentation. Treating advanced stage ovarian cancer is difficult, and tumor recurrence and chemoresistance frequently occur. In addition, early detection remains a major challenge as there are no early warning signs and no appropriate biomarkers. To reduce mortality rates of ovarian cancer patients, novel drug targets and biomarkers are needed. We postulate that hemostatic keyplayers are of importance when combatting ovarian cancer. The majority of ovarian cancer patients have abnormal hemostatic blood serum marker levels, which indicate an activated coagulation system. This makes patients more prone to experiencing venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the occurrence of VTE in ovarian cancer patients adversely affects survival. Coagulation activation also promotes tumor progression as it influences tumor biology at several stages and the decreased survival rates associated with ovarian cancer-associated thrombosis are more likely due to cancer metastasis rather than to fatal thromboembolic events. In this review, we will discuss; (1) Population studies that address the bidirectional relationship between VTE and ovarian cancer, and the most important risk factors involved; (2) The mechanisms of coagulation factors and platelets that are critically involved in the development of VTE, and the progression of ovarian cancer; (3) Roles and future directions of coagulation factors in ovarian cancer therapy, and in diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Swier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Division, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Division, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Correction of coagulopathy associated with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) by surgical debulking in a case of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2016; 17:13-5. [PMID: 27354993 PMCID: PMC4899078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, particularly clear cell carcinoma, creates a hypercoagulable state. This state can predispose to non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE). NBTE can embolize and cause widespread arterial infarction. NBTE is sometimes associated with a treatment refractory disseminated coagulopathy. Surgical removal of the primary mass can sometimes reverse the coagulopathy.
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van Dam PA, Coelho A, Rolfo C. Is there a role for urokinase-type plasminogen activator inhibitors as maintenance therapy in patients with ovarian cancer? Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 43:252-257. [PMID: 27345498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and type-2) and its cells surface receptor (uPA-R, CD87) play a fundamental role in tumor invasion and metastasis and are of significant prognostic significance for many tumor types. We performed a systematic Med-line search on uPA, PAI, uPA-R and (epithelial) ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of malignant EOC specimens show moderate to strong immunostating of tumor and stromal cells. Overexpression of u-PA and PAI-1 can be found in more the 75% of primary ovarian carcinomas, in most metastatic EOC samples and all examined epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. uPA overexpression in primary specimens was significantly associated with tumor stage, grade, residual disease status after cytoreductive surgery, and poor clinical outcome. This may be explained by increased chemoresistance, a lower resectability and more aggressive tumor biology and tumor dissemination in patients with high uPA and PAI-1. Several therapeutical approaches aimed at inhibiting the uPA/uPAR functions have shown to possess anti-tumor effects in vitro and in animal models. When treating a patient with advanced ovarian cancer it may to be assumed that inhibiting the progression of established (micro) metastases may be more therapeutically relevant than trying to destroy all tumor cells which is not possible in most cases with current systemic treatment modalities. Taking into account the role of uPA and PAI in cell detachment, formation of new stroma, tumor cell reimplantation and metastasis uPA inhibition should be further investigated as maintenance treatment in patients with advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, B2650, Belgium.
| | - A Coelho
- Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Phase I-Early Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - C Rolfo
- Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Phase I-Early Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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