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Levin G, Gilbert L, Leung SOA, Zeng X, Mandilaras V, Bernard L. Doxorubicin and trabectedin for recurrent leiomyosarcoma - A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 55:101497. [PMID: 39286434 PMCID: PMC11403398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) represents a rare yet highly aggressive tumor, comprising approximately 1% of uterine malignancies. First-line regimens involving doxorubicin or gemcitabine and docetaxel demonstrate modest response rates. Notably, the combination of doxorubicin plus trabectedin has emerged as a preferred first-line option following the LMS-04 study, showing superior progression-free survival compared to doxorubicin alone. Second-line therapy for recurrent LMS poses greater challenges, with single-agent treatments exhibiting limited efficacy. Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old woman with stage 1B uterine leiomyosarcoma, previously treated with surgical resection and adjuvant gemcitabine/docetaxel, due to surgical morcellation. Despite initially achieving disease-free status, she experienced a first recurrence 5 years later, treated with surgery and radiation, and a second recurrence 4 years after, necessitating second-line therapy with doxorubicin and trabectedin. The patient exhibited a remarkable response to this regimen, achieving partial response after 6 cycles of doxorubicin and trabectedin chemotherapy. She maintained stable disease over 13 cycles of maintenance trabectedin and 6 months off treatment, for a total of 16 months of progression-free survival. This case underscores the potential efficacy of combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and trabectedin as a second-line treatment option for recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Levin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucy Gilbert
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Laurence Bernard
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Buchanan AH, Lennon AM, Choudhry OA, Elias PZ, Rego SP, Sadler JR, Roberta J, Zhang Y, Flake DD, Salvati ZM, Wagner ES, Fishman EK, Papadopoulos N, Beer TM. Multiyear Clinical Outcomes of Cancers Diagnosed Following Detection by a Blood-Based Multicancer Early Detection Test. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:349-353. [PMID: 38819783 PMCID: PMC11292316 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-24-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In the US, <20% of cancers are diagnosed by standard-of-care (SoC) screening. Multicancer early detection (MCED) tests offer the opportunity to expand cancer screening. Understanding the characteristics and clinical outcomes of MCED-detected cancers is critical to clarifying MCED tests' potential impact. DETECT-A is the first prospective interventional trial of an MCED blood test (CancerSEEK). CancerSEEK, coupled with diagnostic PET-CT, identified cancers including those not detected by SoC screening, the majority of which were localized or regional. We report multiyear outcomes in patients with cancers diagnosed following a positive CancerSEEK test. Nine cancer types were diagnosed in 26 participants whose cancers were first detected by CancerSEEK. Information on cancer diagnoses, treatments, and clinical outcomes was extracted from medical records through November 2022. Data collection occurred at a median of 4.4 years (IQR: 4.1-4.6) following study enrollment. Thirteen of 26 (50%) participants were alive and cancer-free [ovarian (4), thyroid (1), uterine (2), breast (1), colorectal (2), and lung (3)]; 7/13 (54%) had cancers without recommended SoC screening modalities. All eight treated stage I or II participants (8/8, 100%) and 12/14 (86%) surgically treated participants were alive and cancer-free. Eligibility for surgical treatment was associated with favorable multiyear outcomes (P = 0.0002). Half of participants with MCED-detected cancers were alive and cancer-free after 4.4 years median follow-up. Most were diagnosed with early-stage cancers and were treated surgically. These results suggest that early cancer detection by CancerSEEK may have facilitated curative-intent treatments and associated positive clinical outcomes in some DETECT-A participants. Prevention Relevance: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential of multicancer early detection testing as an effective screening tool for detecting cancers without standard-of-care (SoC) screening modalities and complementing SoC cancer screening.
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Wang Q, Lin Z, Zhu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, He M, Zhang L. Risk assessment and prediction of occult uterine sarcoma in patients with presumed uterine fibroids before high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2385600. [PMID: 39084650 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2385600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a diagnostic model for predicting occult uterine sarcoma in patients with presumed uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 41631 patients with presumed uterine fibroids who presented for HIFU treatment in 13 hospitals between November 2008 and October 2023. Of these patients, 27 with occult uterine sarcoma and 54 with uterine fibroids were enrolled. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistics regression analysis were used to determine the independent risk factors for the diagnosis of occult uterine sarcoma. A prediction model was constructed based on the coefficients of the risk factors. RESULTS The multivariate analysis revealed abnormal vaginal bleeding, ill-defined boundary of tumor, hyperintensity on T2WI, and central unenhanced areas as independent risk factors. A scoring system was created to assess for occult uterine sarcoma risk. The score for abnormal vaginal bleeding was 56. The score for ill-defined lesion boundary was 90. The scores for lesions with hypointensity, isointensity signal/heterogeneous signal intensity, and hyperintensity on T2WI were 0, 42, and 93, respectively. The scores for lesions without enhancement on the mass margin, uniform enhancement of tumor, and no enhancement in the center of tumor were 0, 20, and 100, respectively. Patients with a higher total score implied a higher likelihood of a diagnosis of occult uterine sarcoma than that of patients with a lower score. The established model showed good predictive efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the diagnostic prediction model can be used to evaluate the risk of uterine sarcoma in patients with presumed uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenjiang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Haifu Hospital
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Haifu Hospital
| | - Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Alwafai Z, Reichert VMC, Spring P, Zygmunt M, Köhler G. Results of Endometrial Biopsy and Its Impact on Survival Data in Patients with High-Risk Uterine Sarcoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4048. [PMID: 39064089 PMCID: PMC11278278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: There are conflicting data regarding the detection rate of high-risk uterine sarcoma (HRUS) by endometrial biopsy. In addition, there are no studies in the literature on its impact on the chosen surgical approach and survival. Methods: This study includes 415 patients with HRUS. Of these, 178 (42.9%) patients had undergone endometrial biopsy. We analyzed the detection rate of endometrial biopsy and its impact on surgical approach and survival data. Results: Correct specific histologic diagnosis was achieved in only 30.0% of LMS and 33.3% of HGESS/UUS. Other uterine sarcoma, unspecified malignant mesenchymal tumor, carcinosarcoma or carcinoma were found in 45% of LMS and 78.2% of HGESS/UUS. As a result of the histologic findings, the rate of inadequate surgery was reduced by up to 19.9%. As tumor morcellation was performed significantly less often with biopsy (32.5% with vs. 55.4% without biopsy, p < 0.001), the locoregional recurrence-free interval remained unaffected between the two groups (p = 0.81). This is obviously an advantage of biopsy, although it does not affect the local recurrence rate in morcellated patients. Conclusions: Indicated endometrial biopsy is an important step in the diagnosis of HRUS, despite its low detection rate. It helps to avoid inappropriate surgical procedures but does not affect OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Alwafai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-866508; Fax: +49-3834-866501
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Chung AD. Editorial Comment: Defining the Role for ADC in the Evaluation of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma-Time for the ROI (With Caution). AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024:11-11. [PMID: 38984784 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.24.31678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chung
- Department of Radiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Al Khuri M, Al Salmi I, Al Ajmi H, Al Hadidi A, Alabousi A, Haider E, Vasudev P, Al Salmi A, Jose S, Alrahbi N. Validating the diagnostic accuracy of an MRI-based scoring system for differentiating benign uterine leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:1027-1033. [PMID: 38658016 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-005220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors. They are difficult to distinguish from their malignant counterparts-smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential (STUMP) and leiomyosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to propose and validate the diagnostic accuracy of the MRI-based Oman-Canada Scoring System of Myometrial Masses (OCSSMM) to differentiate uterine leiomyomas from STUMP/leiomyosarcomas. METHODS This is a retrospective study performed at two tertiary care centers. All patients with a pathology-proven uterine mass who underwent pre-operative pelvic MRI between January 2010 and January 2020 were included. Using a 1.5T MRI machine, sequences included were axial/coronal/sagittal T2 and T1 weighted imaging, axial diffusion weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient map, and axial or sagittal dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. A scoring system was designed based on previously published worrisome MRI features for uterine leiomyosarcoma. Each feature was allocated a score from 0 to 2 according to the strength of association with malignancy. Subsequently, the MR images were blindly and independently reviewed by a fellowship-trained radiologist and a clinical fellow/senior resident. Each uterine mass was scored according to their imaging features. The scores were divided into five categories according to the sum of scores. Category III and above was considered positive for leiomyosarcoma/STUMP. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS A total of 244 women were included (age range 20-74 years, mean 40). Of these, 218 patients had benign leiomyoma, 13 had STUMP, and 13 had leiomyosarcoma. The sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system were 92.3% and 64.7%, respectively. The negative predictive value was 98.6%. No leiomyosarcoma was missed using this scoring system. The presence of non-cystic T2 hyperintensity or diffusion restriction in a uterine mass were the most sensitive signs of a leiomyosarcoma/STUMP. CONCLUSION The proposed multi-parametric MRI scoring system may be useful in differentiating benign uterine leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas/STUMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Al Khuri
- Radiology Department, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Al Batinah North, Oman
- Department of Medical Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ishaq Al Salmi
- Radiology Department, The Royal Hospital, Seeb, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hawra Al Ajmi
- Radiology Department, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Al Batinah North, Oman
| | - Aymen Al Hadidi
- Radiology Department, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Alabousi
- Department of Medical Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ehsan Haider
- Department of Medical Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Pooja Vasudev
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al Salmi
- Radiology Department, Rustaq Hospital, Rustaq, Al Batinah South, Oman
| | - Sachin Jose
- Research and Studies Department, Oman Medical Speciality Board, Al-Athaiba, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nasser Alrahbi
- Histopathology Department, The Royal Hospital, Seeb, Muscat, Oman
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Heda S, Gattani P, Heda A, Zade RD, Gattani RG. Uterine Leiomyosarcoma in a Young Woman: A Report of a Rare Case. Cureus 2024; 16:e63116. [PMID: 39055427 PMCID: PMC11272145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an uncommon disease that arises from the smooth muscles present in the uterus. It usually occurs in post-menopausal women. Due to its aggressive nature, it has a very poor prognosis. We present a case of uterine LMS, which presented at a young age of 35 years for infertility, which is rare at this age. She had a fundal fibroid for which myomectomy was done. On histopathology, she was diagnosed with LMS. It is very difficult and nearly impossible to diagnose LMS preoperatively by available imaging modalities. There is an urgent need for a reliable preoperative risk scoring system that can help in diagnosing malignancy so that a correct surgical pathway and treatment can be offered to patients. A total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) was done and was advised adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient remained disease-free and was put on chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Heda
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Preeti Gattani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ayush Heda
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Rasika D Zade
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Rajesh G Gattani
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Wang Y, Wang C, Xia M, Tian Z, Zhou J, Berger JM, Zhang XHF, Xiao H. Engineering small-molecule and protein drugs for targeting bone tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1219-1237. [PMID: 38449313 PMCID: PMC11081876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is common and severe. Both primary (e.g., osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma) and secondary (e.g., metastatic) bone cancers lead to significant health problems and death. Currently, treatments such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy are used to treat bone cancer, but they often only shrink or slow tumor growth and do not eliminate cancer completely. The bone microenvironment contributes unique signals that influence cancer growth, immunogenicity, and metastasis. Traditional cancer therapies have limited effectiveness due to off-target effects and poor distribution on bones. As a result, therapies with improved specificity and efficacy for treating bone tumors are highly needed. One of the most promising strategies involves the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical agents to the site of bone cancer by introduction of bone-targeting moieties, such as bisphosphonates or oligopeptides. These moieties have high affinities to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, a structure found exclusively in skeletal tissue, and can enhance the targeting ability and efficacy of anticancer drugs when combating bone tumors. This review focuses on the engineering of small molecules and proteins with bone-targeting moieties for the treatment of bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chenhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zeru Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Julian Meyer Berger
- Osteologic Therapeutics, Inc., 228 Park Ave S PMB 35546, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; SynthX Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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9
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Santoro M, Zybin V, Coada CA, Mantovani G, Paolani G, Di Stanislao M, Modolon C, Di Costanzo S, Lebovici A, Ravegnini G, De Leo A, Tesei M, Pasquini P, Lovato L, Morganti AG, Pantaleo MA, De Iaco P, Strigari L, Perrone AM. Machine Learning Applied to Pre-Operative Computed-Tomography-Based Radiomic Features Can Accurately Differentiate Uterine Leiomyoma from Leiomyosarcoma: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1570. [PMID: 38672651 PMCID: PMC11048510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate discrimination of uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas in a pre-operative setting remains a current challenge. To date, the diagnosis is made by a pathologist on the excised tumor. The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning algorithm using radiomic data extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images that could accurately distinguish leiomyosarcomas from leiomyomas. METHODS Pre-operative CECT images from patients submitted to surgery with a histological diagnosis of leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma were used for the region of interest identification and radiomic feature extraction. Feature extraction was conducted using the PyRadiomics library, and three feature selection methods combined with the general linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were built, trained, and tested for the binary classification task (malignant vs. benign). In parallel, radiologists assessed the diagnosis with or without clinical data. RESULTS A total of 30 patients with leiomyosarcoma (mean age 59 years) and 35 patients with leiomyoma (mean age 48 years) were included in the study, comprising 30 and 51 lesions, respectively. Out of nine machine learning models, the three feature selection methods combined with the GLM and RF classifiers showed good performances, with predicted area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity ranging from 0.78 to 0.97, from 0.78 to 1.00, and from 0.67 to 0.93, respectively, when compared to the results obtained from experienced radiologists when blinded to the clinical profile (AUC = 0.73 95%CI = 0.62-0.84), as well as when the clinical data were consulted (AUC = 0.75 95%CI = 0.65-0.85). CONCLUSIONS CECT images integrated with radiomics have great potential in differentiating uterine leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas. Such a tool can be used to mitigate the risks of eventual surgical spread in the case of leiomyosarcoma and allow for safer fertility-sparing treatment in patients with benign uterine lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Santoro
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Vladislav Zybin
- Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.Z.); (C.M.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Giulia Mantovani
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Giulia Paolani
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Marco Di Stanislao
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Cecilia Modolon
- Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.Z.); (C.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Stella Di Costanzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Andrei Lebovici
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tesei
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Pietro Pasquini
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Luigi Lovato
- Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.Z.); (C.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.D.C.); (M.T.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.M.); (M.A.P.)
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Restaino S, Graziano A, Ronsini C, Paparcura F, Bagolin M, Cinti MC, Castenetto A, Titone F, Rensi M, Driul L, Vizzielli G. A case report of uterine leiomyosarcoma: unusual clinical presentation with unilateral hydronephrosis and importance of an appropriate diagnosis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2024; 76:200-204. [PMID: 38624194 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant gynecologic tumor that arises from the myometrial or endometrial stromal precursor cells. This tumor has the highest prevalence in the pre- and post-is more frequent between 40 and 60 years old. It has a very unfavorable prognosis: only early-stage tumors have an acceptable prognosis; unfortunately, it is often diagnosed accidentally, typically on an advanced stage, when hematological metastases have already spread. Surgery is the main treatment strategy, while systemic treatment and radiotherapy are not recommended due to the lack of results. Since metastatization is mainly hematological, lymphadenectomy is not recommended. Recent progresses have been achieved in advanced and recurrent disease, often inoperable, thanks to new chemotherapies, target therapies and immunotherapies. We reported the case of a 51-year-old woman evaluated for lumbar pain in the right region compatible with renal colic. The ultrasound evaluation revealed right hydronephrosis and the presence of a paraovarian or intraligamentary mass compatible with fibroma. The abdominal CT confirmed the presence of a mass with heterogeneous vascularization. Therefore, the patient underwent laparoscopic surgery to remove the lesion which resulted to be a leiomyosarcoma G2. During the following week the patient underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy. The first step for differential diagnosis consists in the evaluation of clinicopathological features, followed by the analysis of preoperative imaging. Pelvic MRI represents the gold standard, while CT is used to detect metastases. The main issue is that imaging shows limited ability in differential diagnosis between benign and malign smooth muscle tumor. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed by histological analysis; this implies the necessity of improved attentions on the surgical procedure, which is often performed by steps with prolongation of the treatment pathway. To distinguish which fibroids presents a major risk to be misdiagnosed, some risk scores were developed (rPRESS in 2014 and pLMS in 2019), though actually they are not applied in clinical practice. Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is rare but causes several deaths in perimenopausal women due to lack of effective treatments, although target therapies represent a future hope. Furthermore, clinical practice needs support through the development and improvement of diagnostic risk scores and their integration into guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Restaino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Annalisa Graziano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Women, Children and General and Specialized Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Paparcura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Marianna C Cinti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Titone
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Rensi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenza Driul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.M. della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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James T, George R, Bhargava S, Dhevi RSS, Sutradhar P, Kaushik J, Ranade RR. En Bloc Resection of Common Iliac Artery, Iliac Vein, Ureter Along with Broad Ligament Sarcoma and Reconstruction of External Iliac Artery. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2024; 74:179-181. [PMID: 38707883 PMCID: PMC11065840 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-023-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thingujam James
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Robbie George
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Saurabh Bhargava
- Department of Urology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - R. S. Shruthi Dhevi
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Jagadish Kaushik
- Department of Urology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
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Nagao Y, Yokoi A, Yoshida K, Kitagawa M, Asano-Inami E, Kato T, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Kajiyama H. Uterine leiomyosarcoma cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167103. [PMID: 38417460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare malignant tumor, which is aggressive, and has a poor prognosis even during its early stages. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and other processes. Because there are no studies on EV-related miRNAs in ULMS, we identified EV-related miRNAs in ULMS and examined their function. METHODS Small EVs (sEVs) and medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) were extracted from ULMS cells by ultracentrifugation and their basic characteristics were evaluated. Then, small RNA sequencing was done to obtain EV-related miRNA profiles. Next, miRNA expression levels in sera and tissues of ULMS patients were compared with those of myoma patients. RESULTS miR-654-3p and miR-369-3p were indicated to be highly expressed in both sera and tissues of ULMS patients. These two miRNAs are also highly expressed in ULMS cell lines and ULMS-derived EVs. Some cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers were increased when fibroblasts were treated with ULMS-derived EVs. Furthermore, fibroblasts took up EVs derived from ULMS as determined by confocal laser microscopy. In addition, the transfection of the two candidate miRNAs into fibroblasts significantly increased some CAF markers, particularly ACTA2. CONCLUSION miR-654-3p and miR-369-3p are highly expressed in ULMS-derived EVs, indicating that these EV-related miRNAs induce the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nagao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), FOREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kitagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eri Asano-Inami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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13
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Ferron G, Bataillon G, Martinez A, Chibon F, Valentin T. Gynecological sarcomas, surgical management: primary, metastatic, and recurrent disease. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:393-402. [PMID: 38438176 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-type gynecological soft tissue and visceral sarcomas are rare tumors, with an estimated incidence of 13% of all sarcomas and 4% of all gynecological malignancies. They most often develop in the uterus (83%), followed by the ovaries (8%), vulva and vagina (5%), and other gynecological organs (2%). The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current management of gynecological sarcomas, according to international guidelines. The management of gynecological sarcomas should follow the recommendations for the management of soft tissue and visceral sarcomas. Centralizing cases in expert centers improves patient survival, both for the diagnostic phase and for multidisciplinary therapeutic management. In the case of pelvic soft tissue sarcomas, a radiological biopsy is essential before any surgical decision is taken. In the case of a myometrial tumour which may correspond to a sarcoma, if conservative surgery such as myomectomy or morcellation is planned, an ultrasound-guided biopsy with pathological analysis including comparative genomic hybridization analysis must be carried out. In all cases, en bloc surgery, without rupture, is mandatory. Many rare histological subtypes require specific surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Ferron
- Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- OncoSARC (Oncogenesis of Sarcoma), INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Bataillon
- Anatomopathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- T2i (Anti-tumour immunity and immunotherapy), INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Chibon
- OncoSARC (Oncogenesis of Sarcoma), INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Surgical Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaud Valentin
- OncoSARC (Oncogenesis of Sarcoma), INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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14
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Casarin J, Ghezzi F, Lembo A, Artuso V, Schivardi G, Galati EF, Ambrosoli AL, Bogani G, Multinu F, Cromi A. Oncological outcomes of unexpected uterine leiomyosarcoma: A single-center retrospective analysis of 5528 consecutive hysterectomies. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:517-522. [PMID: 37974522 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are rare malignant tumors, often incidentally discovered, with an estimated annual incidence of five cases per one million women in the United States. This study aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of two groups of patients: those with uLMS incidentally found during surgery and those who underwent surgery due to suspected or confirmed uLMS before the procedure. The study assessed patients who had undergone hysterectomy and were diagnosed with stage I uLMS at a tertiary gynecologic oncology referral center in Italy between January 2000 and December 2019. Data on patients' baseline characteristics, surgical procedures, and oncological outcomes were collected. The patients were classified into two groups based on whether uLMS was unexpectedly discovered or suspected before the surgery. Survival rates and factors influencing recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS The study included 36 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, with 12 having preoperatively suspected or proven uLMS and 24 having incidentally discovered uLMS. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding disease-free survival (23.7 vs. 27.3 months, log rank = 0.28), disease-specific survival (median not reached, log rank = 0.78), or sites of relapse. Notably, among patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy (compared to open surgery), a significantly higher rate of locoregional recurrence was found (78% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.04). Nevertheless, no significant differences in survival were observed based on the surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative suspicion for uLMS did not seem to impact survival outcomes or the pattern of recurrence. Furthermore, although patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy showed a higher rate of locoregional relapse, this did not affect their overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jvan Casarin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Lembo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Valeria Artuso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schivardi
- Department of Gynecology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Filippo Galati
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Luigi Ambrosoli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Multinu
- Department of Gynecology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Cromi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
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15
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Huang J, Chen Y, Li Z, Chen M, Huang D, Zhu P, Han X, Zheng Y, Chen X, Yu Z. A bibliometric analysis of literatures on uterine leiomyosarcoma in the last 20 years. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343533. [PMID: 38410101 PMCID: PMC10894944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine leiomyosarcoma(uLMS) is a rare malignant tumor with low clinical specificity and poor prognosis.There are many studies related to uLMS, however, there is still a lack of metrological analyses with generalization. This study provides a bibliometric study of uLMS. Methods and materials We chose the Web of Science (WoS) as our main database due to its extensive interdisciplinary coverage. We specifically focused on the literature from the last 20 years to ensure relevance and practicality. By utilizing the WOS core dataset and leveraging the R package "bibliometric version 4.1.0" and Citespace, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. This allowed us to pinpoint research hotspots and create visual representations, resulting in the retrieval of 2489 pertinent articles. Results This literature review covers 2489 articles on uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) from the past 20 years. Key findings include an average annual publication rate of 8.75, with a 6.07% yearly growth rate and an average citation count of 17.22. Core+Zone 2 sources contributed 1079 articles and 207 reviews, displaying a 4.98% annual growth rate. The analysis identified top journals, influential authors, and core sources, such as the prevalence of publications from the United States and the dominance of GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY and HENSLEY ML. Bradford's Law and Lotka's Law highlighted core sources and author productivity, respectively. Thematic mapping and factorial analysis revealed research clusters, including etiology, diagnosis, treatment advancements, and surgical approaches, with prominent themes such as gemcitabine and docetaxel. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides insights into uLMS literature trends and influential factors. Conclusion This thorough bibliometric analysis, in its whole, illuminates the field's guiding principles while also revealing the subtle patterns within the uLMS literature. The knowledge gained here contributes to the current discussion in uLMS and related scientific fields and provides a solid basis for future research paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingwen Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peixin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xintong Han
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Kharbat AF, Balasubramanian K, Sankarappan K, Morgan RD, Hassan KM, Palmisciano P, Pelargos PE, Chukwu M, Bin Alamer O, Haider AS, El Ahmadieh TY, Burke JF. Leiomyogenic Tumor of the Spine: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:748. [PMID: 38398139 PMCID: PMC10887395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study cohort consisted of 83 patients with a mean age of 49.55 (SD 13.72) with a female preponderance (60 patients). Here, 32.14% of patients had primary LTS; the remaining were metastases. Clinical presentation included nonspecific back pain (57.83%), weakness (21.69%) and radicular pain (18.07%). History of uterine neoplasia was found in 33.73% of patients. LTS preferentially affected the thoracic spine (51.81%), followed by the lumbar (21.67%) spine. MRI alone was the most common imaging modality (33.33%); in other cases, it was used with CT (22.92%) or X-ray (16.67%); 19.23% of patients had Resection/Fixation, 15.38% had Total en bloc spondylectomy, and 10.26% had Corpectomy. A minority of patients had laminectomy and decompression. Among those with resection, 45.83% had a gross total resection, 29.17% had a subtotal resection, and 16.67% had a near total resection. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for actin (43.37%), desmin (31.33%), and Ki67 (25.30). At a follow-up of 19.3 months, 61.97% of patients were alive; 26.25% of 80 patients received no additional treatment, 23.75% received combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy, only chemotherapy was given to 20%, and radiotherapy was given to 17.5%. Few (2.5%) had further resection. For an average of 12.50 months, 42.31% had no symptoms, while others had residual (19.23%), other metastasis (15.38%), and pain (7.69%). On follow-up of 29 patients, most (68.97%) had resolved symptoms; 61.97% of the 71 patients followed were alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman F. Kharbat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.E.P.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Kishore Balasubramanian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (K.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Kiran Sankarappan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (K.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Ryan D. Morgan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Khawaja M. Hassan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Panayiotis E. Pelargos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.E.P.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Michael Chukwu
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Othman Bin Alamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburg, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Ali S. Haider
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - John F. Burke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.E.P.); (J.F.B.)
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Morcet-Delattre R, Espenel S, Tas P, Chargari C, Escande A. Role of radiotherapy in the management of rare gynaecological cancers. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:778-788. [PMID: 37925347 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of gynaecological cancers with rare histologies, for which the available data are limited and usually retrospective. Because of their rarity and poor prognosis, the management of these cancers must be centralized in expert centres, for both histological diagnosis and treatment. With the exception of sarcomas, most endometrial or cervical cancers with rare histologies respond to the same radiation treatment modalities than cancers with more common histologies, although there are some specificities regarding treatments such as neuroendocrine carcinomas (chemotherapy with platinum and etoposide, major role of surgery). For localized or locally advanced ovarian cancer, external beam radiotherapy has a role in the management of hypercalcaemic small cell carcinoma of the ovary. This article summarizes the current role of external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy in the management of cancers of the uterine cervix, uterine corpus and ovaries, with rare or very rare histologies, and with localized or locally advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morcet-Delattre
- Radiation oncology department, centre Eugène-Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - S Espenel
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - P Tas
- Anatomopathology department, Ouest pathologie, Rennes, France
| | - C Chargari
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - A Escande
- Radiation oncology department, centre Léonard-de-Vinci, Dechy, France; Laboratoire CRIStAL UMR9189, université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
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18
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Mittal S, Kadamberi IP, Chang H, Wang F, Kumar S, Tsaih SW, Walker CJ, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Charlson J, Landesman Y, Pradeep S. Preclinical activity of selinexor in combination with eribulin in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 37715291 PMCID: PMC10503035 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that begins in smooth muscle tissue and most often initiates in the abdomen or uterus. Compared with other uterine cancers, uterine LMS (ULMS) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and a high risk of recurrence and death, regardless of the stage at presentation. Selinexor is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound that reversibly binds to exportin 1 (XPO1), thereby reactivating tumor suppressor proteins and downregulating the expression of oncogenes and DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins. In this study, we evaluated the effects of selinexor in combination with doxorubicin and eribulin in the LMS tumor model in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of selinexor combined with eribulin showed synergistic effects on tumor growth inhibition in SK-UT1 LMS-derived xenografts. Immunohistochemical assessment of the tumor tissues showed a significantly reduced expression of proliferation (Ki67) and XPO1 markers following combination therapy compared to the control group. Global transcriptome analyses on tumor tissue revealed that the combination therapy regulates genes from several key cancer-related pathways that are differentially expressed in ULMS tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first preclinical study demonstrating the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of using a combination of selinexor and eribulin in vivo. Results from this study further warrant clinical testing a combination of chemotherapy agents with selinexor to reduce the morbidity and mortality from ULMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John Charlson
- Medical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Lebbe I, De Cuypere E, Claes N, Loccufier A, Ghysel C, Van Trappen P. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix: an unusual case and critical appraisal. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad439. [PMID: 37545785 PMCID: PMC10401315 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas of the uterine cervix are rare, mostly occurring in perimenopausal women. Diagnosis is based on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Surgery with a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy remains the standard. A female patient in her 60s presented with heavy postmenopausal bleeding. Vaginal ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large strongly vascularized cervical mass with features suspicious of sarcomatous degeneration. Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) did not reveal any evidence of metastases nor lymphadenopathy, but presence of right hydronephrosis. An abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and end-to-end anastomosis of the right ureter, was performed. Pathology showed an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-stage 1B leiomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. No adjuvant treatment was given. Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence but no survival impact. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is questionable given the lack of randomized trials. Multidisciplinary research concerning molecular alterations of the disease is required to determine optimal management strategies with potential novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lebbe
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Eveline De Cuypere
- Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Nele Claes
- Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Anne Loccufier
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Van Trappen
- Correspondence address. Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges-Ostend AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium. Tel: +32 (0)50 45 27 50; Fax: +32 (0)50 45 27 49; E-mail:
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20
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Patel T, Aswal P, Jakhetiya A, Meena V, Pandey A. A novel case of left atrial and right lung mass turned out to be unconventional metastasis of uterine leiomyosarcoma with a review of literature. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:601-604. [PMID: 37530349 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_577_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare malignancy arising from the myometrial smooth muscle wall, and cardiac metastases are extremely rare. Metastasis to the heart is a very unusual finding, and atrial metastasis is even rarer. Here, we report a case of a 45 year old woman who presented with dyspnea and pleural effusion and had a significant history of hysterectomy done for ULMS. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left atrial mass, which was resected and revealed to be a metastasis of leiomyosarcoma on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Metastatic ULMS may rarely present as a left atrial mass with acute clinical presentation. Detailed clinical history and accurate diagnosis are vital for further management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Patel
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Aswal
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashish Jakhetiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendrakumar Meena
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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21
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Bosoteanu M, Deacu M, Aschie M, Vamesu S, Cozaru GC, Mitroi AF, Voda RI, Orasanu CI, Vlad SE, Penciu RC, Chirila SI. The Role of Pathogenesis Associated with the Tumor Microclimate in the Differential Diagnosis of Uterine Myocytic Tumors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4161. [PMID: 37373854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocytic tumors of the uterus present vast morphological heterogeneity, which makes differential diagnosis between the different entities necessary. This study aims to enrich the existing data and highlight new potential therapeutic targets regarding aspects related to the pathogenic process and the tumor microenvironment in order to improve the quality of life of women. We performed a 5-year retrospective study, including particular cases of uterine myocyte tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses of pathogenic pathways (p53, RB1, and PTEN) and tumor microclimate using markers (CD8, PD-L1, and CD105), as well as genetic testing of the PTEN gene, were performed. The data were statistically analyzed using the appropriate parameters. In cases of atypical leiomyoma, a significant association was observed between PTEN deletion and an increased number of PD-L1+ T lymphocytes. For malignant lesions and STUMP, PTEN deletion was associated with the advanced disease stage. Advanced cases were also associated with an increased mean CD8+ T cell count. An increased number of lymphocytes was associated with an increased percentage of RB1+ nuclei. The study corroborated clinical and histogenetic data, highlighting the importance of the differential diagnosis of these tumors to improve the management of patients and increase their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Bosoteanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Deacu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Vamesu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Genetics, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Genetics, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Voda
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristian Ionut Orasanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sabina Elena Vlad
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Roxana Cleopatra Penciu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanţa, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
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22
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Dall G, Vandenberg CJ, Nesic K, Ratnayake G, Zhu W, Vissers JHA, Bedő J, Penington J, Wakefield MJ, Kee D, Carmagnac A, Lim R, Shield-Artin K, Milesi B, Lobley A, Kyran EL, O'Grady E, Tram J, Zhou W, Nugawela D, Stewart KP, Caldwell R, Papadopoulos L, Ng AP, Dobrovic A, Fox SB, McNally O, Power JD, Meniawy T, Tan TH, Collins IM, Klein O, Barnett S, Olesen I, Hamilton A, Hofmann O, Grimmond S, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Barker HE. Targeting homologous recombination deficiency in uterine leiomyosarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:112. [PMID: 37143137 PMCID: PMC10157936 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive gynaecological malignancy, with individuals with advanced uLMS having a five-year survival of < 10%. Mutations in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway have been observed in ~ 10% of uLMS cases, with reports of some individuals benefiting from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) therapy, which targets this DNA repair defect. In this report, we screened individuals with uLMS, accrued nationally, for mutations in the HR repair pathway and explored new approaches to therapeutic targeting. METHODS A cohort of 58 individuals with uLMS were screened for HR Deficiency (HRD) using whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) or NGS panel testing. Individuals identified to have HRD uLMS were offered PARPi therapy and clinical outcome details collected. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated for therapeutic targeting. RESULTS All 13 uLMS samples analysed by WGS had a dominant COSMIC mutational signature 3; 11 of these had high genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (> 0.2) but only two samples had a CHORD score > 50%, one of which had a homozygous pathogenic alteration in an HR gene (deletion in BRCA2). A further three samples harboured homozygous HRD alterations (all deletions in BRCA2), detected by WES or panel sequencing, with 5/58 (9%) individuals having HRD uLMS. All five individuals gained access to PARPi therapy. Two of three individuals with mature clinical follow up achieved a complete response or durable partial response (PR) with the subsequent addition of platinum to PARPi upon minor progression during initial PR on PARPi. Corresponding PDX responses were most rapid, complete and sustained with the PARP1-specific PARPi, AZD5305, compared with either olaparib alone or olaparib plus cisplatin, even in a paired sample of a BRCA2-deleted PDX, derived following PARPi therapy in the patient, which had developed PARPi-resistance mutations in PRKDC, encoding DNA-PKcs. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates the value of identifying HRD for therapeutic targeting by PARPi and platinum in individuals with the aggressive rare malignancy, uLMS and suggests that individuals with HRD uLMS should be included in trials of PARP1-specific PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Dall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Wenying Zhu
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph H A Vissers
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Justin Bedő
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Penington
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amandine Carmagnac
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Briony Milesi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda Lobley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Kyran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emily O'Grady
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua Tram
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Warren Zhou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Devindee Nugawela
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kym Pham Stewart
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Reece Caldwell
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lia Papadopoulos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Power
- Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Tarek Meniawy
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Teng Han Tan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ian M Collins
- SouthWest Healthcare, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Stephen Barnett
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Western Hospital, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Inger Olesen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sean Grimmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Holly E Barker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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23
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Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Ortega E, Ponce J, Redondo A, Sevilla I, Valverde C, Isern Verdum J, de Alava E, Galera López M, Marquina G, Sebio A. Uterine sarcomas: clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, by Spanish group for research on sarcomas (GEIS). Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231157645. [PMID: 37007636 PMCID: PMC10052607 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231157645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are very infrequent and heterogeneous entities. Due to its rarity, pathological diagnosis, surgical management, and systemic treatment are challenging. Treatment decision process in these tumors should be taken in a multidisciplinary tumor board. Available evidence is low and, in many cases, based on case series or clinical trials in which these tumors have been included with other soft tissue sarcoma. In these guidelines, we have tried to summarize the most relevant evidence in the diagnosis, staging, pathological disparities, surgical management, systemic treatment, and follow-up of uterine sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. IDIBELL. Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Redondo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sevilla
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA)/Hospitales Universitarios Regional and Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Isern Verdum
- Radiotherapy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital /CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mar Galera López
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Marquina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, IdISSC, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University (UCM), Madrid, IdISSC, Spain
| | - Ana Sebio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Camponovo C, Neumann S, Zosso L, Mueller MD, Raio L. Sonographic and Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of Gynecological Sarcoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1223. [PMID: 37046441 PMCID: PMC10092971 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gynecological sarcomas are rare malignant tumors with an incidence of 1.5-3/100,000 and are 3-9% of all malignant uterine tumors. The preoperative differentiation between sarcoma and myoma becomes increasingly important with the development of minimally invasive treatments for myomas, as this means undertreatment for sarcoma. There are currently no reliable laboratory tests or imaging-characteristics to detect sarcomas. The objective of this article is to gain an overview of sarcoma US/MRI characteristics and assess their accuracy for preoperative diagnosis. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed and 12 studies on ultrasound and 21 studies on MRI were included. RESULTS For the ultrasound, these key features were gathered: solid tumor > 8 cm, unsharp borders, heterogeneous echogenicity, no acoustic shadowing, rich vascularization, and cystic changes within. For the MRI, these key features were gathered: irregular borders; heterogeneous; high signal on T2WI intensity; and hemorrhagic and necrotic changes, with central non-enhancement, hyperintensity on DWI, and low values for ADC. CONCLUSIONS These features are supported by the current literature. In retrospective analyses, the ultrasound did not show a sufficient accuracy for diagnosing sarcoma preoperatively and could also not differentiate between the different subtypes. The MRI showed mixed results: various studies achieved high sensitivities in their analysis, when combining multiple characteristics. Overall, these findings need further verification in prospective studies with larger study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camponovo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Insel, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Neumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Insel, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Livia Zosso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Insel, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Raio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Insel, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Nagao Y, Yokoi A, Yoshida K, Sugiyama M, Watanabe E, Nakamura K, Kitagawa M, Asano-Inami E, Koya Y, Yoshihara M, Tamauchi S, Shimizu Y, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa N, Kato T, Yamamoto Y, Kajiyama H. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting UCP2 in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106693. [PMID: 36773710 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a malignant stromal tumor arising from the myometrium with a poor prognosis and very limited response to current chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify novel targets for ULMS through a three-step screening process using a chemical library consisting of 1271 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. First, we evaluated their inhibitory effects on ULMS cells and identified four candidates: proscillaridin A, lanatoside C, floxuridine, and digoxin. Then, we subcutaneously or orthotopically transplanted SK-UT-1 cells into mice to establish mouse models. In vivo analyses showed that proscillaridin A and lanatoside C exerted a superior antitumor effect. The results of mRNA sequencing showed that uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was suppressed in the sirtuin signaling pathway, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing cell death. Moreover, the downregulation of UCP2 induced ROS and suppressed ULMS cell growth. Furthermore, analyses using clinical samples showed that UCP2 expression was significantly upregulated in ULMS tissues than in myoma tissues both at the RNA and protein levels. These findings suggested that UCP2 is a potential therapeutic target and can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in patients with ULMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nagao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), FOREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kitagawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eri Asano-Inami
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Huss A, Klar M, Hasanov MF, Juhasz-Böss I, Bossart M. Prognostic factors and survival of patients with uterine sarcoma: a German unicenter analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:927-935. [PMID: 35780401 PMCID: PMC9984332 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uterine sarcoma (US) as a histologically heterogeneous group of tumors is rare and associated with poor prognosis. Prognostic factors based on systematic data collection need to be identified to optimize patients' treatment. METHODS This unicenter, retrospective cohort study includes 57 patients treated at the University Hospital Freiburg, Germany between 1999 and 2017. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and visualized in Kaplan-Meier curves. Prognostic factors were identified using log-rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS 44 Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 7 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), 4 high-grade ESS and 2 undifferentiated US patients were identified. The median age at time of diagnosis was 51.0 years (range 18-83). The median follow-up time was 35 months. PFS for the total cohort was 14.0 (95%-Confidence-Interval (CI) 9.7-18.3) and OS 36.0 months (95%-CI 22.1-49.9). Tumor pathology was prognostically significant for OS with LG-ESS being the most favorable (mean OS 150.3 months). In the multivariate analysis, patients over 52 years showed a four times higher risk for tumor recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 4.4; 95%-CI 1.5-12.9). Progesterone receptor negativity was associated with a two times higher risk for death (HR 2.8; 95%-CI 1.0-7.5). For LMS patients age ≥ 52 years (p = 0.04), clear surgical margins (p = 0.01), FIGO stage (p = 0.01) and no application of chemotherapy (p = 0.02) were statistically significant factors for OS. CONCLUSION Tumor histology, age at time of diagnosis and progesterone receptor status were prognostic factors for US. Unfavorable OS in LMS patients was associated with advanced FIGO stage, suboptimal cytoreduction and application of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Huss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Klar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mir Fuad Hasanov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Juhasz-Böss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Bossart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Kwolek DG, Gerstberger S, Tait S, Qiu JM. Ovarian, Uterine, and Vulvovaginal Cancers: Screening, Treatment Overview, and Prognosis. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:329-355. [PMID: 36759101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian, uterine, and vulvovaginal cancers affect approximately 96,000 women per year in the United States, resulting in approximately 29,000 deaths annually. Routine screening protocols do not detect these malignancies; thus, the recognition of risk factors and evaluation of worrisome symptoms are essential for early detection and improved prognoses. Treatment is managed by gynecologic oncologists, and often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and possible radiation treatments. Survivor care is managed by the primary-care clinician: expert attention to the mental, physical, and sexual health of each patient will ensure the best outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gomez Kwolek
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stefanie Gerstberger
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Tait
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeanna M Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Roser E, Harter P, Zocholl D, Denschlag D, Chekerov R, Wimberger P, Kurzeder C, Hasenburg A, Muallem MZ, Mustea A, Emons G, Zeimet AG, Beck F, Arndt T, Brucker SY, Kommoss S, Heitz F, Welz J, Egger EK, Kalder M, Buderath P, Klar M, Marth C, Ulrich UA, Weigel M, Traub L, Anthuber C, Strauss H, Hanker L, Link T, Kubiak K, Melekian B, Hornung D, Pölcher M, Lampe B, Krauß T, Keilholz U, Flörcken A, Pietzner K, Sehouli J. Treatment strategies in patients with gynecological sarcoma: Results of the prospective intergroup real-world registry for gynecological sarcoma in Germany (REGSA-NOGGO RU1). Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:223-230. [PMID: 36631151 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gynecological sarcomas account for 3% of all gynecological malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of gynecological sarcomas there is still no consensus on optimal therapeutic strategies. This study's objective was to describe the treatment strategies used in patients with gynecological sarcomas in the primary course of disease. METHODS The German prospective registry for gynecological sarcoma (REGSA) is the largest registry for gynecological sarcomas in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Primary inclusion criteria for REGSA are histological diagnosis of sarcoma of the female genital tract, sarcoma of the breast or uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). We evaluated data of the REGSA registry on therapeutic strategies used for primary treatment from August 2015 to February 2021. RESULTS A total of 723 patients from 120 centers were included. Data on therapeutic strategies for primary treatment were available in 605 cases. Overall, 580 (95.9%) patients underwent primary surgery, 472 (81.4%) of whom underwent only hysterectomy. Morcellation was reported in 11.4% (n=54) of all hysterectomies. A total of 42.8% (n=202) had no further surgical interventions, whereas an additional salpingo-ophorectomy was performed in 54% (n=255) of patients. An additional lymphadenectomy was performed in 12.7% (n=60), an omentectomy in 9.5% (n=45) and intestinal resection in 6.1% (n=29) of all patients. Among 448 patients with available information, 21.4% (n=96) received chemo- or targeted therapies, more commonly as single-agent treatment than as drug combinations. Information about anti-hormonal treatment was available for 423 patients, among which 42 (9.9%) received anti-hormonal treatment, 23 (54.8%) of whom with low-grade endometrial stroma sarcomas. For radiotherapy, data of 437 patients were available, among which 29 (6.6%) patients underwent radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Our study showed that treatment of patients with gynecologic sarcomas is heterogeneous. Further trials are needed along with more information on treatment modalities, therapy response and patient-reported outcomes to implement new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roser
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Denschlag
- Department of Gynecology, Hochtaunus-Kliniken gGmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Radoslav Chekerov
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden Germany and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Kurzeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mustafa-Zelal Muallem
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guenter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A G Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Beck
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tjadina Arndt
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Welz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Katharina Egger
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Buderath
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Klar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Uwe Andreas Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin Luther Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Weigel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leopoldina Krankenhaus Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Traub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Anthuber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Starnberg, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Hans Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Lars Hanker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden Germany and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
| | - Karol Kubiak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Franziskus Hospital Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Badrig Melekian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marienkliniken Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Daniela Hornung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vidiakliniken, Standort Diakonissenkrankenhaus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Pölcher
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Rotkreuzklinikum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjoern Lampe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kaiserswerther Diakonie, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Krauß
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Passau, Passau, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center and German Cancer Consortium, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Flörcken
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Pietzner
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany .,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center and German Cancer Consortium, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Hardy NL, Canakis A, Staats PN, Darwin P, Legesse T. Cytologic features of metastatic epithelioid uterine leiomyosarcoma to the pancreas. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:E21-E24. [PMID: 36082519 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare disease, it accounts for a significant proportion uterine cancer-related deaths due to frequent metastasis and chemoresistance. The WHO currently recognizes the conventional (spindle), myxoid, and epithelioid variants of ULMS, the latter of which is the rarest, least understood, and cited as clinically more aggressive than the other variants. Descriptions of the histologic features of epithelioid ULMS are extremely limited, and are absent from the cytology literature which has only published descriptions of conventional ULMS or epithelioid variants of other LMS primaries. Therefore, we present a unique case of metastatic epithelioid ULMS to an unusual location, the pancreas, along with its cytologic features on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration not previously described including pseudoglandular arrangements, scant cytoplasm, and frequent molding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Hardy
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Canakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul N Staats
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Darwin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teklu Legesse
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Contartese D, Bandiera S, Giavaresi G, Borsari V, Griffoni C, Gasbarrini A, Fini M, Salamanna F. Postoperative Survival and Clinical Outcomes for Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Spinal Bone Metastasis: A Case Series and Systematic Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010015. [PMID: 36611309 PMCID: PMC9818380 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal bone metastases from uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are relatively uncommon and few data are present in the literature. In this study, cases of nine consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery for metastatic uterine LMS between 2012 and 2022 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The recorded demographic, operative, and postoperative factors were reviewed, and the functional outcomes were determined by changes in Frankel grade classification during follow-up. A systematic review of the literature was also performed to evaluate operative and postoperative factors and outcomes for patients with the same gynecological metastases to the spine. For our cases, the mean time between primary tumors to bone metastases diagnosis was 5.2 years, and the thoracic vertebrae were the most affected segment. Overall, median survival after diagnosis of metastatic spine lesions was 46 months. For the systematic review, the mean time between primary tumors to bone metastases was 4.9 years, with the lumbar spine as the most involved site of metastasis. Overall, median survival after diagnosis was 102 months. Once a spinal bone lesion from LMS is identified, surgical treatment can be beneficial and successful in alleviating symptoms. Further efforts will be crucial to identify prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets to improve survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Contartese
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Bandiera
- Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Ke Y, You L, Xu Y, Wu D, Lin Q, Wu Z. DPP6 and MFAP5 are associated with immune infiltration as diagnostic biomarkers in distinguishing uterine leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1084192. [PMID: 36531033 PMCID: PMC9748670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1084192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is the most common subtype of uterine sarcoma and is difficult to discern from uterine leiomyoma (ULM) preoperatively. The aim of the study was to determine the potential and significance of immune-related diagnostic biomarkers in distinguishing ULMS from ULM. Methods Two public gene expression profiles (GSE36610 and GSE64763) from the GEO datasets containing ULMS and ULM samples were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected and determined among 37 ULMS and 25 ULM control samples. The DEGs were used for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Disease Ontology (DO) enrichment analyses as well as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The candidate biomarkers were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analyses. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to evaluate diagnostic ability. For further confirmation, the biomarker expression levels and diagnostic value in ULMS were verified in the GSE9511 and GSE68295 datasets (12 ULMS and 10 ULM), and validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the compositional patterns of 22 types of immune cells in ULMS. Result In total, 55 DEGs were recognized via GO analysis, and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs were enriched in nuclear division, and cell cycle. The recognized DEGs were primarily implicated in non-small cell lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma. Gene sets related to the cell cycle and DNA replication were activated in ULMS. DPP6 and MFAP5 were distinguished as diagnostic biomarkers of ULMS (AUC = 0.957, AUC = 0.899, respectively), and they were verified in the GSE9511 and GSE68295 datasets (AUC = 0.983, AUC = 0.942, respectively). The low expression of DPP6 and MFAP5 were associated with ULMS. In addition, the analysis of the immune microenvironment indicated that resting mast cells were positively correlated with DPP6 and MFAP5 expression and that eosinophils and M0 macrophages were negatively correlated with DPP6 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings indicated that DPP6 and MFAP5 are diagnostic biomarkers of ULMS, thereby offering a novel perspective for future studies on the occurrence, function and molecular mechanisms of ULMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Ke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - LiuXia You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - YanJuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuya Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuna Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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32
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Bosoteanu M, Deacu M, Voda RI, Orasanu CI, Aschie M, Vlad SE, Penciu RC, Chirila SI. Five-Year Retrospective Study of Uterine STUMP and Leiomyosarcoma. Clin Pract 2022; 12:897-907. [PMID: 36412673 PMCID: PMC9680293 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into account the unpredictable evolution of uterine STUMP and leiomyosarcomas, there are no clearly established therapeutic protocols to date, the only certified treatment being total hysterectomy. We performed a 5-year retrospective study including cases of malignant tumors and those with uncertain malignant potential originating in the smooth muscle tissue of the uterine body. The clinical data, pathological aspects, and the immunohistochemical results were statistically analyzed using SPSS Statistics Version 26. The main associations of the p53 gene were identified with age, atypia, and the occurrence of metastases. The average number of CD8+ T cells correlated with the hormonal status of the patients, the presence of diabetes, and alteration of thyroid function, but also with the severity of the atypia. The therapeutic method was represented by total hysterectomy, and 30% of the patients with leiomyosarcoma also benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy. The average period until death was 25.66 months. The present study showed that the mutant expression of p53 could have a role in assessing the clinical evolution of patients, given the association with exitus and metastasis. In addition, the average number of CD8+ T cells corresponded to severe atypia, indicating the possibility of applying targeted immunotherapies in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Bosoteanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Deacu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Voda
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristian Ionut Orasanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Elena Vlad
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Roxana Cleopatra Penciu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
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Jones TE, La HS, Upadhyay-Baskota S, Bhargava R, Jones MW. The Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Prolactin Receptor and Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone Receptor Expression in Uterine Leiomyosarcomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:566-572. [PMID: 34856572 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The management of uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) remains challenging. The rate of recurrence and metastasis is high, with 5-yr survival reaching only 40% to 50% in patients with tumor confined to the uterus (FIGO stage I or II). Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of malignant tumors of the breast, endometrium, ovary, liver, and prostate. GHRHR antagonists inhibit in vitro growth of many human tumors and the expression of PRLR is associated with resistance to chemotherapy. The immunohistochemical expression of PRLR and GHRH in 24 primary and 2 recurrent uLMS was evaluated. Representative sections were stained with PRLR and GHRHR antibodies and immunoreactivity was calculated using H -score. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic data using Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariable Cox proportion hazard regression analyses. All tumors were positive for both markers with predominantly moderate to strong expression of PRLR (89%) and GHRHR (82%). Patients with tumors showing moderate to strong expression of PRLR were significantly less likely to achieve disease-free survival ( P =0.004) and significantly more likely to have a poor overall survival ( P =0.049). No significant difference in mean PRLR expression was found between tumors with higher mitotic counts (>20/10 hpf) and lower mitotic counts (20 or less/10 hpf). Furthermore, in 2 patients where the primary and recurrent tumors were tested, there was stronger expression of PRLR in the recurrence compared with the primary. This correlation was not found with GHRHR. Both PRLR and GHRHR may play a role in carcinogenesis in uLMS, as they do in other malignant neoplasms. To our knowledge, this study is the first evaluating the expression of these receptors in uLMS. Moderate or high expression of PRLR may serve as a prognostic marker associated with recurrences and increased mortality in uLMS patients.
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Nucci MR, Webster F, Croce S, George S, Howitt BE, Ip PPC, Lee CH, Rabban JT, Soslow RA, van der Griend R, Lax SF, McCluggage WG. Data Set for Reporting of Uterine Malignant and Potentially Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors: Recommendations From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:S44-S63. [PMID: 36305534 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) seeks to produce standardized, evidence-based protocols for the reporting of tumors with the aim of ensuring that all cancer reports generated worldwide will be of similar high quality and record the same elements. Herein, we describe the development of the data set for the reporting of uterine malignant and potentially malignant mesenchymal tumors by a panel of expert pathologists and a single clinician and provide the commentary and rationale for the inclusion of core and noncore elements. This data set, which incorporates the recent updates from the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors, addresses several subjects of debate including which mesenchymal tumors should be graded, how to document extent of invasion, mitotic counts, and the role of ancillary testing in tumor diagnosis and patient management. The inclusion of elements is evidence-based or based on consensus of the expert panel with clinical relevance being the guiding standard.
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Yuk JS, Kim M. Long-term risk of uterine malignancies in women with uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy: a population-based study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3067-3072. [PMID: 35775461 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas may originate from pre-existing uterine fibroids. However, recent studies showed that leiomyosarcomas do not arise from malignant changes in fibroids. Epidemiological data on the long-term risk of uterine malignancy with uterine fibroids are lacking. We aimed to determine whether uterine fibroids are a risk factor for uterine cancer. Patient data (2007-2020) from the Korean Health Insurance program were obtained. Using the procedure and diagnostic codes, data from patients who underwent myomectomy and appendicitis (control group) were extracted Using 1:1 propensity-score matching, 84,507 women were each allocated to the uterine fibroids and control groups. Endometrial cancer occurred in 36 44 and 44 36 women in the uterine fibroids and control groups (p = .371), respectively; 6/36 46 and 4 5/44 37 cases of uterine corpus cancer sarcoma occurred in the respective groups. Total uterine cancer (excluding cervical cancer) occurred in 46 and 39 37patients in the uterine fibroids and control groups, respectively (p = .323). A higher risk of uterine malignancy was not found in women with uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy. If surgery is indicated, a myomectomy can be safely performed without increasing the cancer risk. IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Traditionally, leiomyosarcomas were considered to originate from pre-existing uterine fibroids. However, recent studies suggest that leiomyosarcomas do not arise from the malignant change of fibroids. Meanwhile, there is a dearth of real-world evidence on the risk of uterine cancer in patients with uterine fibroids.What do the results of this study add? No evidence of a higher risk of uterine malignancy was found in women having uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy in this population-based study. In our cohort of women with uterine fibroids, tissue injury by myomectomy does not appear to cause malignant transformation.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Uterine fibroids doesn't appear to be a risk factor for uterine malignancies, and tissue injury by myomectomy does not appear to cause malignant transformation. If surgery is indicated, myomectomy can be performed safely, given that the long-term risk of uterine malignancy does not increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Yuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cao S, Liao X, Xu K, Xiao H, Shi Z, Zou Y, Li C, Hu Y, Yan S. Development and validation of tumor-size-stratified prognostic nomograms for patients with uterine sarcoma: A SEER database analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1339-1349. [PMID: 35841316 PMCID: PMC9883420 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-size-stratified analysis on the prognosis of uterine sarcoma is insufficient. This study aimed to establish the tumor-size-stratified nomograms to predict the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients with uterine sarcoma. METHODS The data analyzed in this study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We collected data from patients with uterine sarcoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. According to the median tumor size of 7.8 cm, the enrolled patients were divided into two tumor size (TS) groups: TS <7.8 cm and TS ≥7.8 cm. Patients in each group were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts with a ratio of 7:3. Chi-square test was used to compare differences between categorical variables. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify significant predictors. We calculated the concordance index (C-index) and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) to validate the nomograms. RESULTS Compared with TS <7.8 cm group, TS ≥7.8 cm group had more patients of 45-64 years group, higher black race prevalence, higher proportion of myometrium tumor, higher stage, and higher grade; In the TS <7.8 cm training cohort, six variables (age, race, marital status, tumor primary site, stage, and grade) were identified as significantly associated with OS in multivariate analysis. However in the TS ≥7.8 cm training cohort, only four variables (surgery on primary site, tumor size, stage, and grade) were significantly identified; The C-index of two nomograms were 0.80 and 0.73 in training cohorts, respectively, and the AUC values for 3- and 5-year OS predictions in training cohorts were all above 0.80. Similar results were observed in validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the significant prognostic factors were different between two tumor size groups of uterine sarcoma patients. The tumor-size-stratified nomograms, which we constructed and validated, might be useful to predict the probability of survival for patients with uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Xianzhen Liao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Kekui Xu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Haifan Xiao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Zhaohui Shi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Yanhua Zou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Can Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Yingyun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Shipeng Yan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and ControlHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
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Devaud N, Vornicova O, Abdul Razak AR, Khalili K, Demicco EG, Mitric C, Bernardini MQ, Gladdy RA. Leiomyosarcoma: Current Clinical Management and Future Horizons. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022; 31:527-546. [PMID: 35715148 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are soft tissue tumors that are derived from smooth muscle mainly in the pelvis and retroperitoneum. Percutaneous biopsy is paramount to confirm diagnosis. Imaging is necessary to complete clinical staging. Multimodal treatment should be directed by expert sarcoma multidisciplinary teams that see a critical volume of these rare tumors. Surgery is the mainstay of curative intent treatment; however due to its high metastatic progression, there may be a benefit for neoadjuvant systemic treatment. Adjuvant systemic treatment has no proven disease-free survival, and its main role is in the palliative setting to potentially prolong overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Devaud
- Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez (FALP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Olga Vornicova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Korosh Khalili
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristina Mitric
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Gladdy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Borella F, Bertero L, Cassoni P, Piovano E, Gallio N, Preti M, Cosma S, Ferraioli D, Pace L, Mariani L, Biglia N, Benedetto C. Low-Grade Uterine Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: Prognostic Analysis of Clinico-Pathological Characteristics, Surgical Management, and Adjuvant Treatments. Experience From Two Referral Centers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883344. [PMID: 35847944 PMCID: PMC9280128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Low-grade uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare tumor characterized by an overall good survival but showing a indolent behavior and a variable risk of recurrence. There is no clear consensus on the optimal management of these tumors and no prognostic or predictive factors have been established. With this study, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of several clinical, surgical, and pathological features in patients affected by LG-ESS to identify risk factors associated with recurrence. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 52 LG-ESS cases, treated from January 1st, 1994, to May 31st, 2020, in two referral centers. The relationship between recurrence and clinicopathological characteristics as well as surgical treatment was investigated. Risk of recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated by Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier analysis, respectively. Results Of 52 patients with LG-ESS, 8 experienced recurrence (15%). The median follow-up was 100 months (SD ± 96, range: 15–336). By univariate analysis, fragmentation/morcellation, tumor size, FIGO stage, higher mitotic count, presence of necrosis, and lymphovascular space invasion (LSVI) resulted associated with a poorer outcome. Conversely, the surgical modality (laparotomic vs laparoscopic and hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy vs local excision) and pelvic lymphadenectomy were not. Even the different modalities of adjuvant therapy (hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) showed no prognostic significance. Tumor fragmentation/morcellation and higher mitotic count resulted independent prognostic variables at multivariate analysis. Conclusions This data supports the avoidance of any type of morcellation if LG-ESS is suspected preoperatively. Higher mitotic count and, possibly, tumor size, advanced FIGO stage, necrosis, and LVSI could be exploited to tailor the adjuvant therapy, but these results need to be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fulvio Borella,
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Piovano
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 3, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Gallio
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pace
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology University Department, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology University Department, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Biglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology University Department, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, “City of Health and Science University Hospital”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Boșoteanu M, Vodă RI, Așchie M, Bosoteanu LA, Bălțătescu GI. Morphological and Ancillary Features of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: Case Report. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:2632010X221105224. [PMID: 35782597 PMCID: PMC9240338 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of giant uterine leiomyosarcoma in a postmenopausal woman, whose
diagnosis was initially suspected at the evaluation of the abdominal efusion, and
confirmed after the pathological examination of the uterus in association with the
ancillary tests. The evaluation of the abdominal fluid showed single or clusters of
malignant, round or spindle-shaped cells. On microscopic examination of the surgical
specimen, a dense cell proliferation of spindle cells, with moderate to severe nuclear
pleomorphism and significant mitotic activity was observed. Immunohistochemical evaluation
demonstrated the loss of myocytic differentiation by focal, weakly positive expression of
smooth muscle actin and desmin. The data presented in this case emphasize the relevance of
the cytological examination, although the latter has only indicative value, especially
since it is an aggressive tumor, frequently associated with mutant expression of p53. In
our case, the first indication of the presence of uterine sarcoma was given by the
presence of atypical cells in the peritoneal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Boșoteanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanţa, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Vodă
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology – CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanţa, Constanța, Romania
| | - Mariana Așchie
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology – CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanţa, Constanța, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, Romania
| | - Luana-Andreea Bosoteanu
- Elias Emergency University Hospital, Dermatovenerology Department
- “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Institute of Doctoral Studies, School of Medicine
| | - Gabriela Izabela Bălțătescu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology – CEDMOG, “Ovidius” University of Constanţa, Constanța, Romania
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Roy M, Musa F, Taylor SE, Huang M. Uterine Sarcomas: How to Navigate an Ever-Growing List of Subtypes. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35471831 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_350955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors that are aggressive cancers. The rarity of these tumors, and consequently limited prospective data, has made surgical management of uterine sarcomas challenging. One major obstacle in the management of uterine sarcomas is establishing the diagnosis prior to surgery, which is crucial for appropriate intraoperative management. This paper serves to review aspects of surgical management of uterine sarcomas that remain unanswered. Distinguishing common benign myomas from rare uterine sarcomas is important for operative planning and subspecialty care because benign myomas are frequently managed with minimally invasive hysterectomy or myomectomy, whereas the mainstay of management of uterine sarcomas is hysterectomy without specimen fragmentation. Preoperative clinical presentation, serum studies, imaging, and histologic examination all have limitations in establishing a preoperative diagnosis. In addition, patients are often of reproductive age and desire fertility preservation. Although surgery remains the cornerstone for management, high-quality data guiding best practices are sparse. Morcellation should be avoided. Expert pathologic review, imaging to assess for metastatic disease, and consideration of hormone receptor testing are advisable. Recent data have further informed surgical approach and fertility preservation in early-stage disease, but controversy remains. Despite substantial advancement in the medical management of uterine sarcomas, surgical management of uterine sarcomas remain challenging. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to guide fertility preservation surgery options, both local resection and ovarian preservation, further in young women. Development of novel methods to differentiate between benign and malignant uterine masses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Roy
- Sylvester Comprehensive Center Cancer/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Marilyn Huang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Center Cancer/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Bose S, Schwartz GK, Ingham M. Novel Therapeutics in the Treatment of Uterine Sarcoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:900-909. [PMID: 35714303 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_350541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas reflect the diversity of sarcoma as a whole. The most common histologies include leiomyosarcoma, high- and low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. These are clinically and biologically heterogeneous diseases that are challenging to treat in the advanced setting. Recent advances in our understanding of the cancer biology of uterine sarcomas has improved diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management. Promising approaches for patients with advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma include targeting DNA damage repair pathways and depleting immunosuppressive macrophage populations. A subset of endometrial stromal sarcomas harbor potentially actionable alterations in the Wnt, cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb, and MDM2-p53 pathways. There remains an urgent need to translate molecular findings into prospective clinical trials of novel agents for patients with these diseases; progress will depend on academic collaborations and enrollment of patients with uterine sarcoma in biomarker-driven basket studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sminu Bose
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Ingham
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Executive Summary of the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 139:626-643. [PMID: 35272316 PMCID: PMC8936160 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for uterine cancer prevention, diagnosis, and special issues from the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference is summarized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognized the need for educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists convened a panel of experts in evidence review from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology and content experts from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology to review relevant literature, best practices, and existing practice guidelines as a first step toward developing evidence-based educational materials for women's health care clinicians about uterine cancer. Panel members conducted structured literature reviews, which were then reviewed by other panel members and discussed at a virtual meeting of stakeholder professional and patient advocacy organizations in January 2021. This article is the evidence summary of the relevant literature and existing recommendations to guide clinicians in the prevention, early diagnosis, and special considerations of uterine cancer. Substantive knowledge gaps are noted and summarized to provide guidance for future research.
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Dall GV, Hamilton A, Ratnayake G, Scott C, Barker H. Interrogating the Genomic Landscape of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Potential for Patient Benefit. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061561. [PMID: 35326717 PMCID: PMC8946513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive gynaecological malignancy. Surgical removal and chemotherapy are commonly used to treat uLMS, but recurrence rates are high. Over the last few decades, clarification of the genomic landscape of uLMS has revealed a number of recurring mutations, including TP53, RB1, ATRX, PTEN, and MED12. Such genomic aberrations are difficult to target therapeutically or are actively targeted in other malignancies, and their potential as targets for the treatment of uLMS remains largely unexplored. Recent identification of deficiencies in homologous recombination in a minority of these tumours, however, has provided a rationale for investigation of PARP inhibitors in this sub-set. Here, we review these mutations and the evidence for therapeutic avenues that may be applied in uLMS. We also provide a comprehensive background on diagnosis and current therapeutic strategies as well as reviewing preclinical models of uLMS, which may be employed not only in testing emerging therapies but also in understanding this challenging and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve V. Dall
- Walter and Eliza Hall, Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.S.); (H.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Hamilton
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | | | - Clare Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall, Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.S.); (H.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Holly Barker
- Walter and Eliza Hall, Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.S.); (H.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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Tskhay V, Bazina M, Levanova E, Khorzhevskii V, Mihaylova A, Mileeva I, Khudyakov A, Füllers U, Rogmans C, Friedrich M. Endometriales Low-Grade-Stromasarkom als Zufallsbefund bei sonografischem Verdacht auf ein degenerativ verändertes Myom in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1553-8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Friedrich
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
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Machado-Lopez A, Alonso R, Lago V, Jimenez-Almazan J, Garcia M, Monleon J, Lopez S, Barcelo F, Torroba A, Ortiz S, Domingo S, Simon C, Mas A. Integrative Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals a Differential Molecular Signature in Uterine Leiomyoma versus Leiomyosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042190. [PMID: 35216305 PMCID: PMC8877247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of standardized molecular profiling to differentiate uterine leiomyosarcomas versus leiomyomas represents a current diagnostic challenge. In this study, we aimed to search for a differential molecular signature for these myometrial tumors based on artificial intelligence. For this purpose, differential exome and transcriptome-wide research was performed on histologically confirmed leiomyomas (n = 52) and leiomyosarcomas (n = 44) to elucidate differences between and within these two entities. We identified a significantly higher tumor mutation burden in leiomyosarcomas vs. leiomyomas in terms of somatic single-nucleotide variants (171,863 vs. 81,152), indels (9491 vs. 4098), and copy number variants (8390 vs. 5376). Further, we discovered alterations in specific copy number variant regions that affect the expression of some tumor suppressor genes. A transcriptomic analysis revealed 489 differentially expressed genes between these two conditions, as well as structural rearrangements targeting ATRX and RAD51B. These results allowed us to develop a machine learning approach based on 19 differentially expressed genes that differentiate both tumor types with high sensitivity and specificity. Our findings provide a novel molecular signature for the diagnosis of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, which could be helpful to complement the current morphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis and may lay the foundation for the future evaluation of malignancy risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Machado-Lopez
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-L.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-L.); (R.A.)
- Research and Development Department, Igenomix SL, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.J.-A.); (M.G.)
| | - Victor Lago
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, University Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (V.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Jorge Jimenez-Almazan
- Research and Development Department, Igenomix SL, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.J.-A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Research and Development Department, Igenomix SL, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.J.-A.); (M.G.)
| | - Javier Monleon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Susana Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Barcelo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Amparo Torroba
- Pathology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Domingo
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, University Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (V.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Carlos Simon
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-L.); (R.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIDMC, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-963-90-53-10 (C.S. and A.M.)
| | - Aymara Mas
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-L.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-963-90-53-10 (C.S. and A.M.)
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New Insights into Hormonal Therapies in Uterine Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040921. [PMID: 35205669 PMCID: PMC8870116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uterine sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignant cancers, and surgery represents the mainstay of treatment for early-stage disease. In metastatic setting, uterine sarcomas’ treatment includes palliative surgery, a metastases resection, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Hormonal therapies may also represent an effective option. Frequently, ER and PR are highly expressed in uterine sarcomas patients and they represent a favourable prognostic factor associated with improved overall survival. The scope of the present review is to report the existing evidence and future perspectives on hormonal therapy in uterine sarcomas, with a special focus on aromatase inhibitors, progestins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, in order to clarify their potential role in daily clinical practice. Abstract Uterine sarcoma (US) is a rare mesenchymal malignant cancer type, accounting for 3–7% of uterine malignancies. US prognosis is still poor due to high local and distant recurrence rates. As for molecular features, US may present variable oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions, mostly depending on histotype and grading. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment for early-stage disease, while the role of adjuvant chemotherapy or local radiotherapy is still debated and defined on the basis of histotype, tumour grading and stage. In metastatic setting, uterine sarcomas’ treatment includes palliative surgery, a metastases resection, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy. As for the chemotherapy regimen used, drugs that are considered most effective are doxorubicin (combined with ifosfamide or alone), gemcitabine combined with docetaxel and, more recently, trabectedin or pazopanib. Hormonal therapies, including aromatase inhibitors (AIs), progestins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) may also represent an effective option, in particular for low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), due to their favourable toxicity profile and patients’ compliance, while their role is still under investigation in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS), undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (USS) and other rarer US. The present review aims to analyse the existing evidence and future perspectives on hormonal therapies in US, in order to clarify their potential role in daily clinical practice.
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Kho RM, Desai VB, Schwartz PE, Wright JD, Gross CP, Hutchison LM, Boscoe FP, Lin H, Xu X. Endometrial Sampling for Preoperative Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022; 29:119-127. [PMID: 34265441 PMCID: PMC8752465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of endometrial sampling for preoperative detection of uterine leiomyosarcoma in women undergoing hysterectomy, identify factors associated with missed diagnosis, and compare the outcomes of patients who had a preoperative diagnosis with those of patients who had a missed diagnosis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using linked data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System and New York State Cancer Registry from 2003 to 2015. SETTING Inpatient and outpatient encounters at civilian hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers in New York State. PATIENTS Women with uterine leiomyosarcoma who underwent a hysterectomy and a preoperative endometrial sampling within 90 days before the hysterectomy. INTERVENTIONS Endometrial sampling. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 79 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma met the sample eligibility criteria. Of these patients, 46 (58.2%) were diagnosed preoperatively, and 33 (41.8%) were diagnosed postoperatively. Patients in the 2 groups did not differ significantly in age, race/ethnicity, bleeding symptoms, or comorbidities assessed. In multivariable regression analysis, women who had endometrial sampling performed with hysteroscopy (compared with women who had endeometrial sampling performed without hysteroscopy) had a higher likelihood of preoperative diagnosis (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-6.42). Patients with localized stage (vs distant stage) or tumor size >11 cm (vs <8 cm) were less likely to be diagnosed preoperatively (aRR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.89, and aRR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.99, respectively). Supracervical hysterectomy was not performed in any of the patients whose leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed preoperatively compared with 21.2% of the patients who were diagnosed postoperatively (p = .002). CONCLUSION Endometrial sampling detected leiomyosarcoma preoperatively in 58.2% of the patients. The use of hysteroscopy with endometrial sampling improved preoperative detection of leiomyosarcoma by threefold. Patients with a missed diagnosis had a higher risk of undergoing suboptimal surgical management at the time of their index surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M. Kho
- Women’s Health Institute, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vrunda B. Desai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,CooperSurgical Inc, Trumbull, CT
| | - Peter E. Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jason D. Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia
University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Cary P. Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT,Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness
Research (COPPER) Center, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Francis P. Boscoe
- New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department
of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Haiqun Lin
- Division of Nursing Science, Rutgers University School of
Nursing, Newark, NJ,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers
School of Public Health, Newark, NJ
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness
Research (COPPER) Center, New Haven, CT,Corresponding Author: Xiao Xu, PhD,
Yale University School of Medicine, LSOG 205B, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT
06520; Phone: (203) 737-1655; Fax: (203) 785-6586;
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Farrell KB, Zinnen S, Thamm DH, Karpeisky A. Gemcitabine-Ibandronate Conjugate Enables the Bone-Targeted Combination Therapy in Bone Cancer: Synthesis and Efficacy in Combination with Docetaxel. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2530-2539. [PMID: 34779607 PMCID: PMC9773925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cancer-induced bone disease, including primary bone cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS) and metastases from other tissues of origin, present a high unmet medical need. We present a potential therapeutic approach built upon a proven bone-targeting bisphosphonate conjugate platform with the known synergies of gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (DTX). The synthesis of rationally designed GEM-IB, the conjugate of GEM-5'-phosphate with ibandronate (IB), is presented. GEM-IB as a single agent or in combination with DTX demonstrated reduced tumor burden, preservation of the bone architecture, and improved the survival in a murine model of OS. This is the first demonstration of a bone-targeting conjugate in combination with a second drug to create effective drug ratios in the bone compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Farrell
- MBC Pharma Inc, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Shawn Zinnen
- MBC Pharma Inc, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Alexander Karpeisky
- MBC Pharma Inc, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Luo Y, Huang W, Zeng K, Zhang C, Yu C, Wu W. Intelligent Noise Reduction Algorithm to Evaluate the Correlation between Human Fat Deposits and Uterine Fibroids under Ultrasound Imaging. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5390219. [PMID: 34900194 PMCID: PMC8654549 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5390219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to realize the automatic diagnosis of fatty degeneration of uterine fibroids. In this study, the traditional nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm was improved by changing the Euclidean distance and introducing a cosine function and applied to the ultrasonic imaging intelligent diagnosis of patients with fatty degeneration of uterine fibroids. Then, the noise reduction effect of the improved NLM algorithm was evaluated based on several indicators, such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), figure of merit (FOM), and structural similarity (SSIM). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were adopted to evaluate the improved NLM algorithm for diagnosing fatty degeneration of uterine fibroids, and the Perona-Malik (PM) algorithm and NLM algorithm were used for comparative analysis. The results showed that after the ultrasound images of patients with uterine fibroids were denoised using the improved NLM algorithm, the PSNR, MSE, CNR, FOM, and SSIM were obviously better than the same indicators of the image processed with the PM algorithm and the NLM algorithm, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The diagnosis results of patients with fatty degeneration of uterine fibroids found that there was only one patient with missed diagnosis after the ultrasound image was processed with NLM algorithm, and there was no statistical difference between the improved NLM algorithm and the assisted diagnosis accuracy of the pathological examination results (P > 0.05). The average noise reduction time of the PM algorithm, NLM algorithm, and the improved NLM algorithm was 16.38 ± 4.33 s, 18.01 ± 5.14 s, and 23.81 ± 4.62 s, respectively. The diagnosis rate before improvement was 75.0%, the diagnosis accuracy rate for PM was 79.69%, and that after improvement was 85.94%. In summary, the improved NLM algorithm showed a good noise reduction effect on ultrasound images of patients with uterine fibroids, could improve the diagnosis accuracy of fatty degeneration of uterine fibroids, and could assist clinicians in the ultrasound imaging diagnosis of patients with uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenxia Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kewei Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Wencui Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, Haikou 571100, Hainan, China
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50
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New Aspects of Sarcomas of Uterine Corpus-A Brief Narrative Review. Clin Pract 2021; 11:878-900. [PMID: 34842646 PMCID: PMC8628735 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas of the uterine corpus are rare malignant neoplasms, which are further classified into mesenchymal tumors, and mixed (epithelial plus mesenchymal) tumors. The main issues concerning these neoplasms are the small number of clinical trials, insufficient data from evidence-based medicine, insignificant interest from the pharmaceutical industry, all of which close a vicious circle. The low frequency of these malignancies implies insufficient experience in the diagnosis, hence incomplete surgical and complex treatment. Additionally, the rarity of these sarcomas makes it very difficult to develop clinical practice guidelines. Preoperative diagnosis, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoradiation, target and hormone therapies still raise many controversies. Disagreements about the role and type of surgical treatment are also often observed in medical literature. There are still insufficient data about the role of pelvic lymph node dissection and fertility-sparing surgery. Pathologists’ experience is of paramount importance for an accurate diagnosis. Additionally, genetics examinations become part of diagnosis in some sarcomas of the uterine corpus. Some gene mutations observed in uterine sarcomas are associated with different outcomes. Therefore, a development of molecular classification of uterine sarcomas should be considered in the future. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of the following sarcomas of the uterine corpus: leiomyosarcoma, low- and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, undifferentiated sarcoma and adenosarcoma. Uterine carcinosarcomas are excluded as they represent an epithelial tumor rather than a true sarcoma.
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