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Decellularized Porcine Pericardium Enhances Autologous Vascularized Matrix as a Prosthesis for Left Ventricular Full-Wall Myocardial Reconstruction. PROSTHESIS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative grafts for myocardial reconstruction are often mechanically not stable enough to withstand the left ventricle’s high blood pressure. Hence, decellularized pericardium may serve as a stabilizing structure for biological myocardium prostheses. The efficacy of detergent- and enzyme-based protocols to decellularize porcine pericardium was compared. Then, the decellularized pericardium was employed for a primary cover of a transmural left ventricular defect in minipigs (n = 9). This pericardium patch was applied to mitigate the high-pressure load on an autologous stomach tissue, which was utilized as a regenerative tissue prosthesis. Decellularization of the porcine pericardium with deoxycholic acid (DOA)- and enzyme-based protocols (trypsin/EDTA) removed 90% of the original cells (p < 0.001). The trypsin/EDTA protocol significantly altered the matrix architecture compared to the DOA protocol. There were no infections or clinical signs of graft rejection following the transplantation of the decellularized pericardium and the autologous segment of the stomach in the surviving animals (n = 7). A good left ventricular function could be detected via MRI six months following surgery. The biological integration of the graft into the host’s tissue was found histologically. The stabilization of initially fragile grafts with decellularized pericardium facilitates the application of regenerative myocardial prostheses even on the left ventricle.
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2
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Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Neural Remodeling, Inflammation, and Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:57-67. [PMID: 35088742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established neuromodulation method that regulates the cardiac autonomic system. However, the biological mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SCS after myocardial infarction (MI) remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five rabbits were divided into five groups: SCS-MI (voltage: 0.5 v; pulse width: 0.2 ms; 50 Hz; ten minutes on and 30 minutes off; two weeks; n = 5), MI (n = 5), sham SCS-MI (voltage: 0 v; two weeks; n = 5), sham MI (n = 5), and blank control (n = 5) groups. MI was induced by permanent left anterior descending artery ligation. SCS-MI and sham SCS-MI rabbits received the corresponding interventions 24 hours after MI. Autonomic remodeling was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Inflammation and myocardial fibrosis were assessed using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and Western blot. RESULTS SCS improved the abnormal systemic autonomic activity. Cardiac norepinephrine decreased after MI (p < 0.01) and did not improve with SCS. Cardiac acetylcholine increased with SCS compared with the MI group (p < 0.05). However, no difference was observed between the MI and blank control groups. Growth-associated protein 43 (p < 0.001) and tyrosine hydroxylase (p < 0.001) increased whereas choline acetyltransferase (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI group compared with the blank control group. These changes were attenuated with SCS. SCS inhibited inflammation, decreased the ratio of phosphorylated-Erk to Erk (p < 0.001), and increased the ratio of phosphorylated-STAT3 to STAT3 (p < 0.001) compared with the MI group. Myocardial fibrosis was also attenuated by SCS. CONCLUSIONS SCS improved abnormal autonomic activity after MI, leading to reduced inflammation, reactivation of STAT3, and inhibition of Erk. Additionally, SCS attenuated myocardial fibrosis. Our results warrant future studies of biological mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SCS after MI.
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García-Bernal D, García-Arranz M, Yáñez RM, Hervás-Salcedo R, Cortés A, Fernández-García M, Hernando-Rodríguez M, Quintana-Bustamante Ó, Bueren JA, García-Olmo D, Moraleda JM, Segovia JC, Zapata AG. The Current Status of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Controversies, Unresolved Issues and Some Promising Solutions to Improve Their Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650664. [PMID: 33796536 PMCID: PMC8007911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) currently constitute the most frequently used cell type in advanced therapies with different purposes, most of which are related with inflammatory processes. Although the therapeutic efficacy of these cells has been clearly demonstrated in different disease animal models and in numerous human phase I/II clinical trials, only very few phase III trials using MSCs have demonstrated the expected potential therapeutic benefit. On the other hand, diverse controversial issues on the biology and clinical applications of MSCs, including their specific phenotype, the requirement of an inflammatory environment to induce immunosuppression, the relevance of the cell dose and their administration schedule, the cell delivery route (intravascular/systemic vs. local cell delivery), and the selected cell product (i.e., use of autologous vs. allogeneic MSCs, freshly cultured vs. frozen and thawed MSCs, MSCs vs. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, etc.) persist. In the current review article, we have addressed these issues with special emphasis in the new approaches to improve the properties and functional capabilities of MSCs after distinct cell bioengineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Medicine Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Yáñez
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Hervás-Salcedo
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-García
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernando-Rodríguez
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Medicine Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín G Zapata
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Pawitan JA, Bui TA, Mubarok W, Antarianto RD, Nurhayati RW, Dilogo IH, Oceandy D. Enhancement of the Therapeutic Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Genetic Modification: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587776. [PMID: 33195245 PMCID: PMC7661472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (also known as mesenchymal stromal cells/MSCs) depends on their ability to respond to the need of the damaged tissue by secreting beneficial paracrine factors. MSCs can be genetically engineered to express certain beneficial factors. The aim of this systematic review is to compile and analyze published scientific literatures that report the use of engineered MSCs for the treatment of various diseases/conditions, to discuss the mechanisms of action, and to assess the efficacy of engineered MSC treatment. Methods We retrieved all published studies in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library on July 27, 2019, without time restriction using the following keywords: “engineered MSC” and “therapy” or “manipulated MSC” and “therapy.” In addition, relevant articles that were found during full text search were added. We identified 85 articles that were reviewed in this paper. Results Of the 85 articles reviewed, 51 studies reported the use of engineered MSCs to treat tumor/cancer/malignancy/metastasis, whereas the other 34 studies tested engineered MSCs in treating non-tumor conditions. Most of the studies reported the use of MSCs in animal models, with only one study reporting a trial in human subjects. Thirty nine studies showed that the expression of beneficial paracrine factors would significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of the MSCs, whereas thirty three studies showed moderate effects, and one study in humans reported no effect. The mechanisms of action for MSC-based cancer treatment include the expression of “suicide genes,” induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and delivery of cytokines to induce an immune response against cancer cells. In the context of the treatment of non-cancerous diseases, the mechanism described in the reviewed papers included the expression of angiogenic, osteogenic, and growth factors. Conclusion The therapeutic capacity of MSCs can be enhanced by inducing the expression of certain paracrine factors by genetic modification. Genetically engineered MSCs have been used successfully in various animal models of diseases. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because animal models might not perfectly represent real human diseases. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the translational potential of genetically engineered MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thuy Anh Bui
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wildan Mubarok
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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5
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Marofi F, Vahedi G, hasanzadeh A, Salarinasab S, Arzhanga P, Khademi B, Farshdousti Hagh M. Mesenchymal stem cells as the game‐changing tools in the treatment of various organs disorders: Mirage or reality? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1268-1288. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Ali hasanzadeh
- Department of Hematology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Sadegh Salarinasab
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahareh Khademi
- Department of Medical Genetic Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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6
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Dolati S, Yousefi M, Mahdipour M, Afrasiabi Rad A, Pishgahi A, Nouri M, Jodati AR. Mesenchymal stem cell and bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy for cardiomyopathy: From bench to bedside. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:45-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Dolati
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student’s Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Abbas Afrasiabi Rad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Tabriz University of Medical Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Pishgahi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jodati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Tabriz University of Medical Tabriz Iran
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7
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Wu SZ, Li YL, Huang W, Cai WF, Liang J, Paul C, Jiang L, Wu ZC, Xu M, Zhu P, Wang Y. Paracrine effect of CXCR4-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic heart injury. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:113-123. [PMID: 28233339 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that CXCR4-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCCX4 ) can repair heart tissue post myocardial infarction. This study aims to investigate the MSCCX4-derived paracrine cardio-protective signaling in the presence of myocardial infarction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into 3 groups: MSC only, MSCCX4 , and CXCR4 gene-specific siRNA-transduced MSC. Mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to hypoxia, and then MSCs-conditioned culture medium was incubated with neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, respectively. Cell proliferation-regulating genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vitro: The number of cardiomyocytes undergoing DNA synthesis, cytokinesis, and mitosis was increased to a greater extent in MSCCX4 medium-treated group than control group, while this proproliferative effect was reduced in CXCR4 gene-specific siRNA-transduced MSC-treated cells. Accordingly, the maximal enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclin 2, and transforming growth factor-β2 was observed in hypoxia-exposed MSCCX4 . In vivo: MSCs were labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and engrafted into injured myocardium in rats. The number of EGFP and CD31 positive cells in the MSCCX4 group was significantly increased than other 2 groups, associated with the reduced left ventricular (LV) fibrosis, the increased LV free wall thickness, the enhanced angiogenesis, and the improved contractile function. CXCR4 overexpression can mobilize MSCs into ischemic area, whereby these cells can promoted angiogenesis and alleviate LV remodeling via paracrine signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zheng Wu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ying-Lan Li
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi-Chao Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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8
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Yang N, Cheng W, Hu H, Xue M, Li X, Wang Y, Xuan Y, Li X, Yin J, Shi Y, Yan S. Atorvastatin attenuates sympathetic hyperinnervation together with the augmentation of M2 macrophages in rats postmyocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:234-44. [PMID: 27149420 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Yongli Xuan
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Ji'nan Shandong China
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RNA-Seq Reveals the Angiogenesis Diversity between the Fetal and Adults Bone Mesenchyme Stem Cell. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149171. [PMID: 26901069 PMCID: PMC4764296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze 23 single cell samples and 2 bulk cells sample from human adult bone mesenchyme stem cell line and human fetal bone mesenchyme stem cell line. The results from the research demonstrated that there were big differences between two cell lines. Adult bone mesenchyme stem cell lines showed a strong trend on the blood vessel differentiation and cell motion, 48/49 vascular related differential expressed genes showed higher expression in adult bone mesenchyme stem cell lines (Abmsc) than fetal bone mesenchyme stem cell lines (Fbmsc). 96/106 cell motion related genes showed the same tendency. Further analysis showed that genes like ANGPT1, VEGFA, FGF2, PDGFB and PDGFRA showed higher expression in Abmsc. This work showed cell heterogeneity between human adult bone mesenchyme stem cell line and human fetal bone mesenchyme stem cell line. Also the work may give an indication that Abmsc had a better potency than Fbmsc in the future vascular related application.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
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11
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Ye Z, Wu MM, Wang CY, Li YC, Yu CJ, Gong YF, Zhang J, Wang QS, Song BL, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Duan DD, Zhao D, Zhang ZR. Characterization of Cardiac Anoctamin1 Ca²⁺-Activated Chloride Channels and Functional Role in Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:337-46. [PMID: 24962810 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin1 (ANO1) encodes a Ca(2+)-activated chloride (Cl(-)) channel (CaCC) in variety tissues of many species. Whether ANO1 expresses and functions as a CaCC in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize the molecular and functional expression of ANO1 in cardiac myocytes and the role of ANO1-encoded CaCCs in ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the heart. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining assays, and immunohistochemistry identified the molecular expression, location, and distribution of ANO1 in mouse ventricular myocytes (mVMs). Patch-clamp recordings combined with pharmacological analyses found that ANO1 was responsible for a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current (I(Cl.Ca)) in cardiomyocytes. Myocardial ischemia led to a significant increase in the current density of I(Cl.Ca), which was inhibited by a specific ANO1 inhibitor, T16A(inh)-A01, and an antibody targeting at the pore area of ANO1. Moreover, cardiomyocytes isolated from mice with ischemia-induced arrhythmias had an accelerated early phase 1 repolarization of action potentials (APs) and a deeper "spike and dome" compared to control cardiomyocytes from non-ischemia mice. Application of the antibody targeting at ANO1 pore prevented the ischemia-induced early phase 1 repolarization acceleration and caused a much shallower "spike and dome". We conclude that ANO1 encodes CaCC and plays a significant role in the phase 1 repolarization of APs in mVMs. The ischemia-induced increase in ANO1 expression may be responsible for the increased density of I(Cl.Ca) in the ischemic heart and may contribute, at least in part, to ischemia-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ming Wu
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yu
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Lin Song
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Dan Zhao
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, P. R. China
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Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanoparticle loaded functionalized nanofibers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [PMID: 26209968 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering promises to revolutionize the treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure and provide new solutions to the serious problems of shortage of heart donors. The influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an influential role along with nanostructured components for guided stem cell differentiation. Hence, nanoparticle embedded Nanofibrous scaffolds of FDA approved polycaprolactone (PCL), Vitamin B12 (Vit B12), Aloe Vera(AV) and Silk fibroin(SF) was constructed to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac lineage. Cardiomyocytes (CM) and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were co-cultured on these fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Results demonstrated that synthesized gold nanoparticles were of the size 16 nm and the nanoparticle loaded nanofibrous scaffold has a mechanical strength of 2.56 MPa matching that of the native myocardium. The gold nanoparticle blended PCL scaffolds were found to be enhancing the MSCs proliferation and differentiation into cardiogenesis. Most importantly the phenotype and cardiac marker expression in differentiated MSCs were highly resonated in gold nanoparticle loaded nanofibrous scaffolds. The appropriate mechanical strength provided by the functionalized nanofibrous scaffolds profoundly supported MSCs to produce contractile proteins and achieve typical cardiac phenotype.
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Exosomes Secreted from CXCR4 Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Cardioprotection via Akt Signaling Pathway following Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:659890. [PMID: 26074976 PMCID: PMC4436515 DOI: 10.1155/2015/659890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated cardioprotective effects. This study examined the role of exosomes derived from MSC overexpressing CXCR4 for recovery of cardiac functions after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods. In vitro, exosomes from MSC transduced with lentiviral CXCR4 (Exo(CR4)) encoding a silencing sequence or null vector were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Gene expression was then analyzed by qPCR and Western blotting. Cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocytes were evaluated and effects of exosomes on angiogenesis analyzed. In vivo, an exosome-pretreated MSC-sheet was implanted into a region of scarred myocardium in a rat MI model. Angiogenesis, infarct size, and cardiac functions were then analyzed. Results. In vitro, Exo(CR4) significantly upregulated IGF-1α and pAkt levels and downregulated active caspase 3 level in cardiomyocytes. Exo(CR4) also enhanced VEGF expression and vessel formation. However, effects of Exo(CR4) were abolished by an Akt inhibitor or CXCR4 knockdown. In vivo, Exo(CR4) treated MSC-sheet implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration by increasing angiogenesis, reducing infarct size, and improving cardiac remodeling. Conclusions. This study reveals a novel role of exosomes derived from MSC(CR4) and highlights a new mechanism of intercellular mediation of stem cells for MI treatment.
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Wen Z, Huang W, Feng Y, Cai W, Wang Y, Wang X, Liang J, Wani M, Chen J, Zhu P, Chen JM, Millard RW, Fan GC, Wang Y. MicroRNA-377 regulates mesenchymal stem cell-induced angiogenesis in ischemic hearts by targeting VEGF. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104666. [PMID: 25251394 PMCID: PMC4174502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been appreciated in various cellular functions, including the regulation of angiogenesis. Mesenchymal-stem-cells (MSCs) transplanted to the MI heart improve cardiac function through paracrine-mediated angiogenesis. However, whether microRNAs regulate MSC induced angiogenesis remains to be clarified. Using microRNA microarray analysis, we identified a microRNA expression profile in hypoxia-treated MSCs and observed that among all dysregulated microRNAs, microRNA-377 was decreased the most significantly. We also validated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a target of microRNA-377 using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western-blotting. Knockdown of endogenous microRNA-377 promoted tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We then engineered rat MSCs with lentiviral vectors to either overexpress microRNA-377 (MSC miR-377) or knockdown microRNA-377 (MSC Anti-377) to investigate whether microRNA-377 regulated MSC-induced myocardial angiogenesis, using MSCs infected with lentiviral empty vector to serve as controls (MSC Null). Four weeks after implantation of the microRNA-engineered MSCs into the infarcted rat hearts, the vessel density was significantly increased in MSC Anti-377-hearts, and this was accompanied by reduced fibrosis and improved myocardial function as compared to controls. Adverse effects were observed in MSC miR-377-treated hearts, including reduced vessel density, impaired myocardial function, and increased fibrosis in comparison with MSC Null-group. These findings indicate that hypoxia-responsive microRNA-377 directly targets VEGF in MSCs, and knockdown of endogenous microRNA-377 promotes MSC-induced angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium. Thus, microRNA-377 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for stem cell-based treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang University Medical School, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mashhood Wani
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pin Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronald W. Millard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hu H, Xuan Y, Wang Y, Xue M, Suo F, Li X, Cheng W, Li X, Yin J, Liu J, Yan S. Targeted NGF siRNA delivery attenuates sympathetic nerve sprouting and deteriorates cardiac dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95106. [PMID: 24755692 PMCID: PMC3995702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in nerve sprouting, hyper-innervation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and preservation of cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Positively modulating NGF expression may represent a novel pharmacological strategy to improve post-infarction prognosis. In this study, lentivirus encoding NGF short interfering RNA (siRNA) was prepared, and MI was modeled in the rat using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Rats were randomly grouped to receive intramyocardial injection of lentiviral solution containing NGF-siRNA (n = 19, MI-SiNGF group), lentiviral solution containing empty vector (n = 18, MI-GFP group) or 0.9% NaCl solution (n = 18, MI-control group), or to receive thoracotomy and pericardiotomy (n = 17, sham-operated group). At 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after transduction, rats in the MI-control group had higher levels of NGF mRNA and protein than those in the sham-operated group, rats in the MI-GFP group showed similar levels as the MI-control group, and rats in the MI-SiNGF group had lower levels compared to the MI-GFP group, indicating that MI model was successfully established and NGF siRNA effectively inhibited the expression of NGF. At 8 wk, echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies revealed a more severe cardiac dysfunction in the MI-siRNA group compared to the MI-GFP group. Moreover, rats in the MI-siRNA group had lower mRNA and protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth-associated protein 43-positive nerve fibers (GAP-43) at both the infarcted border and within the non-infarcted left ventricles (LV). NGF silencing also reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and decreased the arteriolar and capillary densities at the infarcted border compared to the MI-GFP group. Histological analysis indicated a large infarcted size in the MI-SiNGF group. These findings suggested that endogenous NGF silencing attenuated sympathetic nerve sprouting and angiogenesis, enlarged the infarct size, aggravated cardiac dysfunction, and potentially contributed to an unfavorable prognosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Hu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongli Xuan
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Suo
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhou C, Cai X, Grottkau BE, Lin Y. BMP4 promotes vascularization of human adipose stromal cells and endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:695-704. [PMID: 24460721 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascularization is a major obstacle to clinical application of regenerative medicine. Engineered tissues must be able to generate an early vascular network that can quickly connect with the host vasculature. Recent research demonstrates that natural adipose tissues contain abundant stromal cells, which can give rise to pericytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the application of human adipose stromal cells (ASCs) to vascularization, and the function of BMP4 protein during vascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunofluorescence staining for α-SMA and PDGFR-β were utilized to identify characteristics of ASCs/pericytes. They were then loaded into a collagen-fibronectin gel with endothelial cells to assess their vascularization ability, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We showed that the ASCs expressed some of the essential markers of pericytes and they were able to promote vascularization with endothelial cells in 3D culture, both in vitro and in vivo. BMP4 protein further promoted this vascularization. CONCLUSION Adipose stromal cells promoted vascularization by endothelial cells and BMP4 protein further enhanced this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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17
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Huang W, Dai B, Wen Z, Millard RW, Yu XY, Luther K, Xu M, Zhao TC, Yang HT, Qi Z, LaSance K, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Molecular strategy to reduce in vivo collagen barrier promotes entry of NCX1 positive inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC(NCX¹⁺)) into ischemic (or injured) myocardium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70023. [PMID: 23990893 PMCID: PMC3749126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of collagen composition on engraftment of progenitor cells within infarcted myocardium. BACKGROUND We previously reported that intramyocardial penetration of stem/progenitor cells in epicardial patches was enhanced when collagen was reduced in hearts overexpressing adenylyl cyclase-6 (AC6). In this study we hypothesized an alternative strategy wherein overexpression of microRNA-29b (miR-29b), inhibiting mRNAs that encode cardiac fibroblast proteins involved in fibrosis, would similarly facilitate progenitor cell migration into infarcted rat myocardium. METHODS In vitro: A tri-cell patch (Tri-P) consisting of cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger-1 (NCX1) positive iPSC (iPSC(NCX1+)), endothelial cells (EC), and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) was created, co-cultured, and seeded on isolated peritoneum. The expression of fibrosis-related genes was analyzed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFb) by qPCR and Western blot. In vivo: Nude rat hearts were administered mimic miRNA-29b (miR-29b), miRNA-29b inhibitor (Anti-29b), or negative mimic (Ctrl) before creation of an ischemically induced regional myocardial infarction (MI). The Tri-P was placed over the infarcted region 7 days later. Angiomyogenesis was analyzed by micro-CT imaging and immunofluorescent staining. Echocardiography was performed weekly. RESULTS The number of green fluorescent protein positive (GFP(+)) cells, capillary density, and heart function were significantly increased in hearts overexpressing miR-29b as compared with Ctrl and Anti-29b groups. Conversely, down-regulation of miR-29b with anti-29b in vitro and in vivo induced interstitial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-29b significantly reduced scar formation after MI and facilitated iPSC(NCX1+) penetration from the cell patch into the infarcted area, resulting in restoration of heart function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ronald W. Millard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kristin Luther
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ting C. Zhao
- Cardiovascular Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger William Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Qi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen LaSance
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Li SJ, Shi RZ, Bai YP, Hong D, Yang W, Wang X, Mo L, Zhang GG. Targeted introduction of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) at the AAVS1 locus in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its stable and effective expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:74-8. [PMID: 23791874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy using tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is an effective method for treating acute myocardial infarction. However, the systemic administration of TPA is associated with the risk of hemorrhage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are characterized by low immunogenicity and homing toward damaged tissues and are therefore ideal cell carriers to achieve lesion-targeting medication. In this article, TPA gene was integrated into the AAVS1 of mesenchymal stem cells, which has been confirmed to be a safe chromosomal locus. The targeting efficiency was 83%. The clones with the site-specific integration retained the stem cell traits of MSCs, displayed a normal karyotype and could persistently and effectively express TPA, as demonstrated by an average expression activity of 1.5 units/mL (3.4-fold that of the control group). After subculture and subsequent growth for two weeks, the clones showed an average TPA activity of 1.43 units/mL and exhibited no significant differences among the individual clones. In summary, the foreign TPA gene can be specifically introduced to the AAVS1 locus, whereby it can be stably and effectively expressed. MSCs can serve as cell carriers for the targeted treatment of a thrombus using TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Du Z, Wei C, Yan J, Han B, Zhang M, Peng C, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 improve early liver regeneration of small-for-size liver grafts. Liver Transpl 2013. [PMID: 23193024 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can prevent hepatic parenchymal cell loss and promote tissue repair. However, poor MSC engraftment is one of the primary barriers to the effectiveness of cell therapy because culture-expanded MSCs progressively down-regulate C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression and lose their ability to migrate toward a concentration gradient of stromal cell-derived factor 1a (SDF1a). In this study, we investigated whether a CXCR4-MSC infusion could protect hepatocytes and stimulate regeneration in 50% reduced size liver transplantation (RSLT). Rats that underwent 50% RSLT were randomly divided into 3 groups: a phosphate-buffered solution group (PBS), a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MSC group, and a CXCR4-MSC group. Rats received 1 mL of PBS with or without a resuspension of GFP-MSCs or CXCR4-MSCs. The factors secreted by MSCs, the graft function, the apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocytes, the efficacy of MSC engraftment, and the expression of SDF1α, albumin (Alb), and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) in engrafted GFP-positive MSCs were assessed. A systemic infusion of GFP-MSCs led to a reduction of the release of liver injury biomarkers and apoptosis of hepatocytes; CXCR4 overexpression did not further reduce the liver injury. However, CXCR4 overexpression enhanced MSC engraftment in liver grafts, improved the effect on the proliferation of hepatocytes, and thus provided a significant 1-week survival benefit. SDF1α expression in grafts was elevated after transplanted CXCR4-MSCs were recruited to the remnant liver. However, engrafted MSCs did not express the markers of hepatocytes, including Alb and CK18, in vivo 168 hours after transplantation. CXCR4 overexpression enhanced the mobilization and engraftment of MSCs into small-for-size liver grafts, in which these cells promoted the early regeneration of the remnant liver not by direct differentiation but perhaps by a paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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20
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Liang J, Huang W, Yu X, Ashraf A, Wary KK, Xu M, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Suicide gene reveals the myocardial neovascularization role of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 (MSC(CXCR4)). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46158. [PMID: 23029422 PMCID: PMC3460871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies indicated that MSCCXCR4 improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was aimed to investigate the specific role of MSCCXCR4 in neovascularization of infarcted myocardium using a suicide gene approach. Methods MSCs were transduced with either lentivirus-null vector/GFP (MSCNull as control) or vector encoding for overexpressing CXCR4/GFP. The MSC derived-endothelial cell (EC) differentiation was assessed by a tube formation assay, Dil-ac-LDL uptake, EC marker expression, and VE-cadherin promoter activity assay. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR or Western blot. The suicide gene approach was under the control of VE-cadherin promoter. In vivo studies: Cell patches containing MSCNull or MSCCXCR4 were transduced with suicide gene and implanted into the myocardium of MI rat. Rats received either ganciclovir (GCV) or vehicle after cell implantation. After one month, the cardiac functional changes and neovascularization were assessed by echocardiography, histological analysis, and micro-CT imaging. Results The expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α was significantly higher in MSCCXCR4 as compared to MSCNull under hypoxia. Additionally, MSCCXCR4 enhanced new vessel formation and EC differentiation, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation under hypoxia. STAT3 participated in the transcription of VE-cadherin in MSCCXCR4 under hypoxia, which was inhibited by WP1066 (a STAT3 inhibitor). In addition, GCV specifically induced death of ECs with suicide gene activation. In vivo studies: MSCCXCR4 implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration, reduced infarct size, improved cardiac remodeling, and enhanced neovascularization in ischemic heart tissue. New vessels derived from MSCCXCR4 were observed at the injured heart margins and communicated with native coronary arteries. However, the derived vessel networks were reduced by GCV, reversing improvement of cardiac function. Conclusion The transplanted MSCCXCR4 enhanced neovascularization after MI by boosting release of angiogenic factors and increasing the potential of endothelial differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Genetic Vectors
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Bonvini S, Albiero M, Ferretto L, Angelini A, Battocchio P, Fedrigo M, Piazza M, Thiene G, Avogaro A, Fadini GP, Grego F. The peritoneum as a natural scaffold for vascular regeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33557. [PMID: 22438949 PMCID: PMC3306415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The peritoneum has the same developmental origin as blood vessels, is highly reactive and poorly thrombogenic. We hypothesize that parietal peritoneum can sustain development and regeneration of new vessels. Methods and Results The study comprised two experimental approaches. First, to test surgical feasibility and efficacy of the peritoneal vascular autograft, we set up an autologous transplantation procedure in pigs, where a tubularized parietal peritoneal graft was covered with a metal mesh and anastomosed end-to-end in the infrarenal aorta. Second, to dissect the contribution of graft vs host cells to the newly developed vessel wall, we performed human-to-rat peritoneal patch grafting in the abdominal aorta and examined the origin of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In pig experiments, the graft remodeled to an apparently normal blood vessel, without thrombosis. Histology confirmed arterialization of the graft with complete endothelial coverage and neointimal hyperplasia in the absence of erosion, inflammation or thrombosis. In rats, immunostaining for human mitochondri revealed that endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells rarely were of human origin. Remodeling of the graft was mainly attributable to local cells with no clear evidence of c-kit+ endothelial progenitor cells or c-kit+ resident perivascular progenitor cells. Conclusions The parietal peritoneum can be feasibly used as a scaffold to sustain the regeneration of blood vessels, which appears to occur through the contribution of host-derived resident mature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonvini
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (GPF); (SB)
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretto
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Battocchio
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Piazza
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (GPF); (SB)
| | - Franco Grego
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wang Y, Luther K. Genetically Manipulated Progenitor/Stem Cells Restore Function to the Infarcted Heart Via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:265-84. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Klopsch C, Steinhoff G. Tissue-Engineered Devices in Cardiovascular Surgery. Eur Surg Res 2012; 49:44-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000339606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reduced collagen deposition in infarcted myocardium facilitates induced pluripotent stem cell engraftment and angiomyogenesis for improvement of left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:2118-27. [PMID: 22051336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of scar tissue composition on engraftment of progenitor cells into infarcted myocardium. BACKGROUND Scar tissue formation after myocardial infarction creates a barrier that severely compromises tissue regeneration, limiting potential functional recovery. METHODS In vitro: A tricell patch (Tri-P) was created from peritoneum seeded and cultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The expression of fibrosis-related molecules from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and infarcted heart was measured by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In vivo: A Tri-P was affixed over the entire infarcted area 7 days after myocardial infarction in mice overexpressing adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6). Engraftment efficiency of progenitor cells in hearts of AC6 mice was compared with that of control wild-type (WT) mice using a combination of in vivo bioluminescence imaging, post-mortem ex vivo tissue analysis, and the number of green fluorescent protein-positive cells. Echocardiography of left ventricular (LV) function was performed weekly. Hearts were harvested for analysis 4 weeks after Tri-P application. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were stimulated with forskolin before an anoxia/reoxygenation protocol. Fibrosis-related molecules were analyzed. RESULTS In AC6 mice, infarcted hearts treated with Tri-P showed significantly higher bioluminescence imaging intensity and numbers of green fluorescent protein-positive cells than in WT mice. LV function improved progressively in AC6 mice from weeks 2 to 4 and was associated with reduced LV fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Application of a Tri-P in AC6 mice resulted in significantly higher induced pluripotent stem cell engraftment accompanied by angiomyogenesis in the infarcted area and improvement in LV function.
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Leblanc AJ, Touroo JS, Hoying JB, Williams SK. Adipose stromal vascular fraction cell construct sustains coronary microvascular function after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H973-82. [PMID: 22140045 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00735.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional tissue construct was created using adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and evaluated as a microvascular protection treatment in a myocardial infarction (MI) model. This study evaluated coronary blood flow (BF) and global left ventricular function after MI with and without the SVF construct. Fischer-344 rats were separated into four groups: sham operation (sham), MI, MI Vicryl patch (no cells), and MI SVF construct (MI SVF). SVF cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Immediately postinfarct, constructs were implanted onto the epicardium at the site of ischemia. Four weeks postsurgery, the coronary BF reserve was significantly decreased by 67% in the MI group and 75% in the MI Vicryl group compared with the sham group. The coronary BF reserve of the sham and MI SVF groups in the area at risk was not significantly different (sham group: 83 ± 22% and MI SVF group: 57 ± 22%). Griffonia simplicifolia I and GFP-positive SVF immunostaining revealed engrafted SVF cells around microvessels in the infarct region 4 wk postimplant. Overall heart function, specifically ejection fraction, was significantly greater in MI SVF hearts compared with MI and MI Vicryl hearts (MI SVF: 66 ± 4%, MI: 37 ± 8%, and MI Vicryl: 29 ± 6%). In conclusion, adipose-derived SVF cells can be used to construct a novel therapeutic modality for treating microvascular instability and ischemia through implantation on the epicardial surface of the heart. The SVF construct implanted immediately after MI not only maintains heart function but also sustains microvascular perfusion and function in the infarct area by sustaining the coronary BF reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Leblanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Jewish Hospital and University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Ye Z, Zhou Y, Cai H, Tan W. Myocardial regeneration: Roles of stem cells and hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:688-97. [PMID: 21371512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recently, it was reported that the adult heart has intrinsic regenerative capabilities, prompting a great wave of research into applying cell-based therapies, especially with skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow-derived cells, to regenerate heart tissues. While the mechanism of action for the observed beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived cells remains unclear, new cell candidates are emerging, including embryonic stem (ES) and introduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, as well as cardiac stem cells (CSCs) from adult hearts. However, the very low engraftment efficiency and survival of implanted cells prevent cell therapy from turning into a clinical reality. Injectable hydrogel biomaterials based on hydrophilic, biocompatible polymers and peptides have great potential for addressing many of these issues by serving as cell/drug delivery vehicles and as a platform for cardiac tissue engineering. In this review, we will discuss the application of stem cells and hydrogels in myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Schilling T, Cebotari S, Tudorache I, Haverich A. [Tissue engineering of vascularized myocardial prosthetic tissue. Biological and solid matrices]. Chirurg 2011; 82:319-24. [PMID: 21424290 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-010-2032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of bioartificial myocardial tissue will become an increasingly important therapeutic approach in the near future but supply of oxygen and nutrients as well as evacuation of metabolic products represent a critical obstacle in tissues with a thickness of 100 µm and above. Viability of seeded cells in the myocardial patch is positively correlated with its function and thus early sufficient vascularization is mandatory. The choice of substrate, structure of matrices, specific cellular seeding and addition of growth factors contribute to this necessary vascularization process.This review article gives an overview of the current state of research on recent myocardial tissue engineering utilizing natural and solid substrates (urinary bladder, gall bladder, small intestine, stomach, peritoneum, omentum, uterus, skeletal muscle, diaphragm and cardiac muscle) with a special focus on the results of vascularization of bioartificial tissue for each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schilling
- Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie , Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.
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Myers TJ, Granero-Molto F, Longobardi L, Li T, Yan Y, Spagnoli A. Mesenchymal stem cells at the intersection of cell and gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 10:1663-79. [PMID: 21058931 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.531257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Along with differentiation, MSCs can modulate inflammation, home to damaged tissues and secrete bioactive molecules. These properties can be enhanced through genetic-modification that would combine the best of both cell and gene therapy fields to treat monogenic and multigenic diseases. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Findings demonstrating the immunomodulation, homing and paracrine activities of MSCs followed by a summary of the current research utilizing MSCs as a vector for gene therapy, focusing on skeletal disorders, but also cardiovascular disease, ischemic damage and cancer. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN MSCs are a possible therapy for many diseases, especially those related to the musculoskeletal system, as a standalone treatment, or in combination with factors that enhance the abilities of these cells to migrate, survive or promote healing through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, differentiation, angiogenesis or delivery of cytolytic or anabolic agents. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Genetically-modified MSCs are a promising area of research that would be improved by focusing on the biology of MSCs that could lead to identification of the natural and engrafting MSC-niche and a consensus on how to isolate and expand MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Myers
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7239, USA
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Zhang D, Huang W, Dai B, Zhao T, Ashraf A, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Genetically manipulated progenitor cell sheet with diprotin A improves myocardial function and repair of infarcted hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1339-47. [PMID: 20802132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00592.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We postulated that the combination of overexpression of CXCR4 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with diprotin A would enhance MSC recruitment and penetration into ischemic myocardium, leading to an improvement in heart function after myocardial infarction (MI). Male rat MSC were genetically engineered with adenoviral vectors coexpressing CXCR4 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) (MSC(CXCR4)), GFP alone (MSC(Null), control), or siRNA-targeted CXCR4 (MSC(siRNA)). Cell sheets were applied over the surface of infarcted left ventricle (LV) in female rats 7 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) pretreated with either vehicle (VEH) or diprotin A (DIP). At 28 days after cell sheet implantation, echocardiography was performed. Hearts were harvested for histological analysis 7 days after LAD ligation or 28 days after cell sheet implantation. DPP-IV and stroma-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in the LV were analyzed. Efficacy of engraftment was determined by the presence of Y chromosome in nuclei (Y(ch+)). LV blood vessel density and apoptosis were also analyzed. Myocardial SDF-1α was elevated before placement of the cell sheet in the DIP group compared with vehicle group on day 7 after LAD. On day 28 after cell sheet transplantation, the number of Y(ch+) was increased in the MSC(CXCR4) + VEH group compared with the MSC(Null) + VEH group and further increased in the MSC(CXCR4) + DIP treated group. This enhanced response was associated with increased angiogenesis in both sides of epicardium and improvement of LV function. Combination of gene-manipulated MSC(CXCR4) patch with DIP pretreatment inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis, promotes tissue angiogenesis, and enhances cell engraftment, leading to improved LV mechanical function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0529, USA
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