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Marcoux E, Sosnowski D, Ninni S, Mackasey M, Cadrin-Tourigny J, Roberts JD, Olesen MS, Fatkin D, Nattel S. Genetic Atrial Cardiomyopathies: Common Features, Specific Differences, and Broader Relevance to Understanding Atrial Cardiomyopathy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:675-698. [PMID: 38018478 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyopathy is a condition that causes electrical and contractile dysfunction of the atria, often along with structural and functional changes. Atrial cardiomyopathy most commonly occurs in conjunction with ventricular dysfunction, in which case it is difficult to discern the atrial features that are secondary to ventricular dysfunction from those that arise as a result of primary atrial abnormalities. Isolated atrial cardiomyopathy (atrial-selective cardiomyopathy [ASCM], with minimal or no ventricular function disturbance) is relatively uncommon and has most frequently been reported in association with deleterious rare genetic variants. The genes involved can affect proteins responsible for various biological functions, not necessarily limited to the heart but also involving extracardiac tissues. Atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation are common complications of ASCM and are often the predominant clinical features. Despite progress in identifying disease-causing rare variants, an overarching understanding and approach to the molecular pathogenesis, phenotypic spectrum, and treatment of genetic ASCM is still lacking. In this review, we aim to analyze the literature relevant to genetic ASCM to understand the key features of this rather rare condition, as well as to identify distinct characteristics of ASCM and its arrhythmic complications that are related to specific genotypes. We outline the insights that have been gained using basic research models of genetic ASCM in vitro and in vivo and correlate these with patient outcomes. Finally, we provide suggestions for the future investigation of patients with genetic ASCM and improvements to basic scientific models and systems. Overall, a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of ASCM will not only provide a better understanding of this condition but also promises to clarify our appreciation of the more commonly occurring forms of atrial cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Marcoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal. (E.M., D.S., S. Ninni, M.M., S. Nattel)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal. (E.M.)
| | - Deanna Sosnowski
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal. (E.M., D.S., S. Ninni, M.M., S. Nattel)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (D.S., M.M., S. Nattel)
| | - Sandro Ninni
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal. (E.M., D.S., S. Ninni, M.M., S. Nattel)
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S. Ninni)
| | - Martin Mackasey
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal. (E.M., D.S., S. Ninni, M.M., S. Nattel)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (D.S., M.M., S. Nattel)
| | - Julia Cadrin-Tourigny
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal. (J.C.-T.)
| | - Jason D Roberts
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada (J.D.R.)
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.S.O.)
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (D.F.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (D.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (D.F.)
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal. (E.M., D.S., S. Ninni, M.M., S. Nattel)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal. (S. Nattel.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (D.S., M.M., S. Nattel)
- Institute of Pharmacology. West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S. Nattel)
- IHU LYRIC & Fondation Bordeaux Université de Bordeaux, France (S. Nattel)
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2
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Wiedmann F, Paasche A, Nietfeld J, Kraft M, Meyer AL, Warnecke G, Karck M, Frey N, Schmidt C. Activation of neurokinin-III receptors modulates human atrial TASK-1 currents. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:26-36. [PMID: 37793594 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neurokinin-III receptor was recently shown to regulate atrial cardiomyocyte excitability by inhibiting atrial background potassium currents. TASK-1 (hK2P3.1) two-pore-domain potassium channels, which are expressed atrial-specifically in the human heart, contribute significantly to atrial background potassium currents. As TASK-1 channels are regulated by a variety of intracellular signalling cascades, they represent a promising candidate for mediating the electrophysiological effects of the Gq-coupled neurokinin-III receptor. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether TASK-1 channels mediate the neurokinin-III receptor activation induced effects on atrial electrophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS In Xenopus laevis oocytes, heterologously expressing neurokinin-III receptor and TASK-1, administration of the endogenous neurokinin-III receptor ligands substance P or neurokinin B resulted in a strong TASK-1 current inhibition. This could be reproduced by application of the high affinity neurokinin-III receptor agonist senktide. Moreover, preincubation with the neurokinin-III receptor antagonist osanetant blunted the effect of senktide. Mutagenesis studies employing TASK-1 channel constructs which lack either protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites or the domain which is regulating the diacyl glycerol (DAG) sensitivity domain of TASK-1 revealed a protein kinase C independent mechanism of TASK-1 current inhibition: upon neurokinin-III receptor activation TASK-1 channels are blocked in a DAG-dependent fashion. Finally, effects of senktide on atrial TASK-1 currents could be reproduced in patch-clamp measurements, performed on isolated human atrial cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Heterologously expressed human TASK-1 channels are inhibited by neurokinin-III receptor activation in a DAG dependent fashion. Patch-clamp measurements, performed on human atrial cardiomyocytes suggest that the atrial-specific effects of neurokinin-III receptor activation on cardiac excitability are predominantly mediated via TASK-1 currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg /Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amelie Paasche
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg /Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jendrik Nietfeld
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kraft
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg /Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Meyer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg /Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg /Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Saint-Martin Willer A, Santos-Gomes J, Adão R, Brás-Silva C, Eyries M, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Capuano V, Montani D, Antigny F. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of the KCNK3 potassium channel in the pulmonary circulation and the heart. J Physiol 2023; 601:3717-3737. [PMID: 37477289 DOI: 10.1113/jp284936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3), encoded by the KCNK3 gene, is part of the two-pore domain potassium channel family, constitutively active at resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle and cardiac cells. Several physiological and pharmacological mediators, such as intracellular signalling pathways, extracellular pH, hypoxia and anaesthetics, regulate KCNK3 channel function. Recent studies show that modulation of KCNK3 channel expression and function strongly influences pulmonary vascular cell and cardiomyocyte function. The altered activity of KCNK3 in pathological situations such as atrial fibrillation, pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrates the crucial role of KCNK3 in cardiovascular homeostasis. Furthermore, loss of function variants of KCNK3 have been identified in patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of the KCNK3 channel in pulmonary circulation and the heart, in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 'Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique', Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Joana Santos-Gomes
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Adão
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS1166, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 'Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique', Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 'Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique', Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 'Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique', Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Fan X, Lu Y, Du G, Liu J. Advances in the Understanding of Two-Pore Domain TASK Potassium Channels and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238296. [PMID: 36500386 PMCID: PMC9736439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels, including TASK-1, TASK-3, and TASK-5, are important members of the two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel family. TASK-5 is not functionally expressed in the recombinant system. TASK channels are very sensitive to changes in extracellular pH and are active during all membrane potential periods. They are similar to other K2P channels in that they can create and use background-leaked potassium currents to stabilize resting membrane conductance and repolarize the action potential of excitable cells. TASK channels are expressed in both the nervous system and peripheral tissues, including excitable and non-excitable cells, and are widely engaged in pathophysiological phenomena, such as respiratory stimulation, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, aldosterone secretion, cancers, anesthesia, neurological disorders, glucose homeostasis, and visual sensitivity. Therefore, they are important targets for innovative drug development. In this review, we emphasized the recent advances in our understanding of the biophysical properties, gating profiles, and biological roles of TASK channels. Given the different localization ranges and biologically relevant functions of TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels, the development of compounds that selectively target TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels is also summarized based on data reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Fan
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Guizhi Du
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (J.L.)
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5
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Gams A, Brennan JA, Goldrick K, Efimov IR. Molecular and Functional Remodeling of Superior and Inferior SAN in a Rat Model of HCM. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1341-1353. [PMID: 36424000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, our laboratory presented functional and molecular evidence for the presence of 2 competing sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemakers in healthy human and rat hearts. Anatomically localized near the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, the superior and inferior SANs (sSAN and iSAN, respectively) preferentially control fast and slow normal heart rates. However, only 1 dominant pacemaker, primarily the sSAN, was functional in the failing rat heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the transcriptional basis of functional silencing of 1 of 2 dominant pacemakers in failing rat hearts. METHODS Ascending aortic constriction was performed on 1-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat pups to induce left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. The dominant pacemaker was anatomically mapped in adult (10-12 weeks old) healthy and failing rat hearts using optical mapping in isolated right atrial tissue preparations. RNA sequencing was used to identify regional sSAN/iSAN gene expression differences between healthy and failing rat hearts. RESULTS In all failing rat hearts optically mapped in this study (n = 4), only the sSAN pacemaker was functional, while the iSAN was silent. Compared to healthy rat hearts, a total of 3,640 genes were downregulated, and 4,518 genes were upregulated in failing rat hearts. The functional quiescence of the iSAN in these failing rat hearts may be explained by their downregulation of sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels as well as their downregulation of specific structural genes, including ankyrin, titin, and myosin heavy chain. Moreover, the iSAN showed predominant downregulation of several key transcription factors such as Tbx5, Tbx3, Shox2, and Smad9. CONCLUSIONS Pressure-overload-induced heart failure resulted in significant downregulation of critical transcription factors, ion channels, and structural transcripts of the iSAN, which could explain the functional silencing of the iSAN in failing rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine Goldrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Shen R, Zuo D, Chen K, Yin Y, Tang K, Hou S, Han B, Xu Y, Liu Z, Chen H. K2P1 leak cation channels contribute to ventricular ectopic beats and sudden death under hypokalemia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22455. [PMID: 35899468 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypokalemia causes ectopic heartbeats, but the mechanisms underlying such cardiac arrhythmias are not understood. In reduced serum K+ concentrations that occur under hypokalemia, K2P1 two-pore domain K+ channels change ion selectivity and switch to conduct inward leak cation currents, which cause aberrant depolarization of resting potential and induce spontaneous action potential of human cardiomyocytes. K2P1 is expressed in the human heart but not in mouse hearts. We test the hypothesis that K2P1 leak cation channels contribute to ectopic heartbeats under hypokalemia, by analysis of transgenic mice, which conditionally express induced K2P1 specifically in hearts, mimicking K2P1 channels in the human heart. Conditional expression of induced K2P1 specifically in the heart of hypokalemic mice results in multiple types of ventricular ectopic beats including single and multiple ventricular premature beats as well as ventricular tachycardia and causes sudden death. In isolated mouse hearts that express induced K2P1, sustained ventricular fibrillation occurs rapidly after perfusion with low K+ concentration solutions that mimic hypokalemic conditions. These observed phenotypes occur rarely in control mice or in the hearts that lack K2P1 expression. K2P1-expressing mouse cardiomyocytes of transgenic mice much more frequently fire abnormal single and/or rhythmic spontaneous action potential in hypokalemic conditions, compared to wild type mouse cardiomyocytes without K2P1 expression. These findings confirm that K2P1 leak cation channels induce ventricular ectopic beats and sudden death of transgenic mice with hypokalemia and imply that K2P1 leak cation channels may play a critical role in human ectopic heartbeats under hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongchuan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangwei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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7
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Zhong X, Jiao H, Zhao D, Teng J. A case-control study to investigate association between serum uric acid levels and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10380. [PMID: 35726017 PMCID: PMC9209416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. The objective of this case–control study was to investigate the association between serum SUA levels and paroxysmal AF by gender in 328 patients. This study included 328 hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed paroxysmal AF in China between January 2019 and September 2021. Controls with sinus rhythm were matched (2:1) to cases by age and gender. Baseline data were analyzed using ANOVA, T-test, and Chi-square test. Pearson correlation analyses were used to confirm the correlation between variables, and multivariate regression analyses were used to adjust for covariates. Elevated SUA levels in female patients were significantly associated with paroxysmal AF after adjusting for confounding factors (OR = 1.229, 95% CI 1.058–1.427, P = 0.007). Further results showed SUA levels were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = − 0.182, p = 0.001) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) (r = − 0.109, p = 0.049), were positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = 0.169, p = 0.002) and prealbumin (PAB) (r = 0.161, p = 0.004) . Nevertheless, there was no significant complication difference between SUA levels and paroxysmal AF (P > 0.05). Increased SUA in female patients was significantly associated with paroxysmal AF in a Chinese population. This finding implies that it would be interesting to monitor and interfere with hyperuricemia in paroxysmal AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhong
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huachen Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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8
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Cumberland MJ, Riebel LL, Roy A, O’Shea C, Holmes AP, Denning C, Kirchhof P, Rodriguez B, Gehmlich K. Basic Research Approaches to Evaluate Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Failure and Beyond. Front Physiol 2022; 13:806366. [PMID: 35197863 PMCID: PMC8859441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.806366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure often develop cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms and interrelations linking heart failure and arrhythmias are not fully understood. Historically, research into arrhythmias has been performed on affected individuals or in vivo (animal) models. The latter however is constrained by interspecies variation, demands to reduce animal experiments and cost. Recent developments in in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell technology and in silico modelling have expanded the number of models available for the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia. An agnostic approach, combining the modalities discussed here, has the potential to improve our understanding for appraising the pathology and interactions between heart failure and arrhythmia and can provide robust and validated outcomes in a variety of research settings. This review discusses the state of the art models, methodologies and techniques used in the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia and will highlight the benefits of using them in combination. Special consideration is paid to assessing the pivotal role calcium handling has in the development of heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Cumberland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leto L. Riebel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Roy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, Biodiscovery Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Riel EB, Jürs BC, Cordeiro S, Musinszki M, Schewe M, Baukrowitz T. The versatile regulation of K2P channels by polyanionic lipids of the phosphoinositide and fatty acid metabolism. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212926. [PMID: 34928298 PMCID: PMC8693234 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Work over the past three decades has greatly advanced our understanding of the regulation of Kir K+ channels by polyanionic lipids of the phosphoinositide (e.g., PIP2) and fatty acid metabolism (e.g., oleoyl-CoA). However, comparatively little is known regarding the regulation of the K2P channel family by phosphoinositides and by long-chain fatty acid–CoA esters, such as oleoyl-CoA. We screened 12 mammalian K2P channels and report effects of polyanionic lipids on all tested channels. We observed activation of members of the TREK, TALK, and THIK subfamilies, with the strongest activation by PIP2 for TRAAK and the strongest activation by oleoyl-CoA for TALK-2. By contrast, we observed inhibition for members of the TASK and TRESK subfamilies. Our results reveal that TASK-2 channels have both activatory and inhibitory PIP2 sites with different affinities. Finally, we provided evidence that PIP2 inhibition of TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels is mediated by closure of the recently identified lower X-gate as critical mutations within the gate (i.e., L244A, R245A) prevent PIP2-induced inhibition. Our findings establish that K+ channels of the K2P family are highly sensitive to polyanionic lipids, extending our knowledge of the mechanisms of lipid regulation and implicating the metabolism of these lipids as possible effector pathways to regulate K2P channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Riel
- Institute of Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn C Jürs
- Institute of Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Schewe
- Institute of Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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10
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Lambert M, Mendes-Ferreira P, Ghigna MR, LeRibeuz H, Adão R, Boet A, Capuano V, Rucker-Martin C, Brás-Silva C, Quarck R, Domergue V, Vachiéry JL, Humbert M, Perros F, Montani D, Antigny F. Kcnk3 dysfunction exaggerates the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by left ventricular pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2474-2488. [PMID: 33483721 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of left heart disease (LHD, Group 2 PH) leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Several loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in KCNK3 were identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, Group 1 PH). Additionally, we found that KCNK3 dysfunction is a hallmark of PAH at pulmonary vascular and RV levels. However, the role of KCNK3 in the pathobiology of PH due to LHD is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the role of KCNK3 on PH induced by ascending aortic constriction (AAC), in WT and Kcnk3-LOF-mutated rats, by echocardiography, RV catheterization, histology analyses, and molecular biology experiments. We found that Kcnk3-LOF-mutation had no consequence on the development of left ventricular (LV) compensated concentric hypertrophy in AAC, while left atrial emptying fraction was impaired in AAC-Kcnk3-mutated rats. AAC-animals (WT and Kcnk3-mutated rats) developed PH secondary to AAC and Kcnk3-mutated rats developed more severe PH than WT. AAC-Kcnk3-mutated rats developed RV and LV fibrosis in association with an increase of Col1a1 mRNA in right ventricle and left ventricle. AAC-Kcnk3-mutated rats developed severe pulmonary vascular (pulmonary artery as well as pulmonary veins) remodelling with intense peri-vascular and peri-bronchial inflammation, perivascular oedema, alveolar wall thickening, and exaggerated lung vascular cell proliferation compared to AAC-WT-rats. Finally, in lung, right ventricle, left ventricle, and left atrium of AAC-Kcnk3-mutated rats, we found a strong increased expression of Il-6 and periostin expression and a reduction of lung Ctnnd1 mRNA (coding for p120 catenin), contributing to the exaggerated pulmonary and heart remodelling and pulmonary vascular oedema in AAC-Kcnk3-mutated rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Kcnk3-LOF is a key event in the pathobiology of PH due to AAC, suggesting that Kcnk3 channel dysfunction could play a potential key role in the development of PH due to LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto,Portugal
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven,Belgium
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Hélène LeRibeuz
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Rui Adão
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto,Portugal
| | - Angèle Boet
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Catherine Rucker-Martin
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto,Portugal
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven,Belgium
- Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Domergue
- Animal Facility, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (UMS IPSIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vachiéry
- Department of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - David Montani
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre,France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance, F-92350 Le Plessis Robinson,France
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11
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Two-Pore-Domain Potassium (K 2P-) Channels: Cardiac Expression Patterns and Disease-Specific Remodelling Processes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112914. [PMID: 34831137 PMCID: PMC8616229 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P-) channels conduct outward K+ currents that maintain the resting membrane potential and modulate action potential repolarization. Members of the K2P channel family are widely expressed among different human cell types and organs where they were shown to regulate important physiological processes. Their functional activity is controlled by a broad variety of different stimuli, like pH level, temperature, and mechanical stress but also by the presence of lipids or pharmacological agents. In patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, alterations in K2P-channel expression and function have been observed, suggesting functional significance and a potential therapeutic role of these ion channels. For example, upregulation of atrial specific K2P3.1 (TASK-1) currents in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients was shown to contribute to atrial action potential duration shortening, a key feature of AF-associated atrial electrical remodelling. Therefore, targeting K2P3.1 (TASK-1) channels might constitute an intriguing strategy for AF treatment. Further, mechanoactive K2P2.1 (TREK-1) currents have been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. Cardiovascular expression of other K2P channels has been described, functional evidence in cardiac tissue however remains sparse. In the present review, expression, function, and regulation of cardiovascular K2P channels are summarized and compared among different species. Remodelling patterns, observed in disease models are discussed and compared to findings from clinical patients to assess the therapeutic potential of K2P channels.
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12
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Crotti L, Odening KE, Sanguinetti MC. Heritable arrhythmias associated with abnormal function of cardiac potassium channels. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1542-1556. [PMID: 32227190 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes express a surprisingly large number of potassium channel types. The primary physiological functions of the currents conducted by these channels are to maintain the resting membrane potential and mediate action potential repolarization under basal conditions and in response to changes in the concentrations of intracellular sodium, calcium, and ATP/ADP. Here, we review the diversity and functional roles of cardiac potassium channels under normal conditions and how heritable mutations in the genes encoding these channels can lead to distinct arrhythmias. We briefly review atrial fibrillation and J-wave syndromes. For long and short QT syndromes, we describe their genetic basis, clinical manifestation, risk stratification, traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, as well as insights into disease mechanisms provided by animal and cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Sanguinetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Le Ribeuz H, Montani D, Antigny F. The Experimental TASK-1 Potassium Channel Inhibitor A293 Can Be Employed for Rhythm Control of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in a Translational Large Animal Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668267. [PMID: 33912077 PMCID: PMC8072364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Ribeuz
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 ≪ Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique ≫, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 ≪ Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique ≫, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 ≪ Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique ≫, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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14
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Kraft M, Büscher A, Wiedmann F, L’hoste Y, Haefeli WE, Frey N, Katus HA, Schmidt C. Current Drug Treatment Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation and TASK-1 Inhibition as an Emerging Novel Therapy Option. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638445. [PMID: 33897427 PMCID: PMC8058608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia with a prevalence of up to 4% and an upwards trend due to demographic changes. It is associated with an increase in mortality and stroke incidences. While stroke risk can be significantly reduced through anticoagulant therapy, adequate treatment of other AF related symptoms remains an unmet medical need in many cases. Two main treatment strategies are available: rate control that modulates ventricular heart rate and prevents tachymyopathy as well as rhythm control that aims to restore and sustain sinus rhythm. Rate control can be achieved through drugs or ablation of the atrioventricular node, rendering the patient pacemaker-dependent. For rhythm control electrical cardioversion and pharmacological cardioversion can be used. While electrical cardioversion requires fasting and sedation of the patient, antiarrhythmic drugs have other limitations. Most antiarrhythmic drugs carry a risk for pro-arrhythmic effects and are contraindicated in patients with structural heart diseases. Furthermore, catheter ablation of pulmonary veins can be performed with its risk of intraprocedural complications and varying success. In recent years TASK-1 has been introduced as a new target for AF therapy. Upregulation of TASK-1 in AF patients contributes to prolongation of the action potential duration. In a porcine model of AF, TASK-1 inhibition by gene therapy or pharmacological compounds induced cardioversion to sinus rhythm. The DOxapram Conversion TO Sinus rhythm (DOCTOS)-Trial will reveal whether doxapram, a potent TASK-1 inhibitor, can be used for acute cardioversion of persistent and paroxysmal AF in patients, potentially leading to a new treatment option for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kraft
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonius Büscher
- Clinic for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick L’hoste
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Srivastava P, Kane A, Harrison C, Levin M. A Meta-Analysis of Bioelectric Data in Cancer, Embryogenesis, and Regeneration. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:42-67. [PMID: 34476377 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be important regulatory parameters in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. However, relevant quantitative measurement and genetic phenotyping data are distributed throughout wide-ranging literature, hampering experimental design and hypothesis generation. Here, we analyze published studies on bioelectrics and transcriptomic and genomic/phenotypic databases to provide a novel synthesis of what is known in three important aspects of bioelectrics research. First, we provide a comprehensive list of channelopathies-ion channel and pump gene mutations-in a range of important model systems with developmental patterning phenotypes, illustrating the breadth of channel types, tissues, and phyla (including man) in which bioelectric signaling is a critical endogenous aspect of embryogenesis. Second, we perform a novel bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data during regeneration in diverse taxa that reveals an electrogenic protein to be the one common factor specifically expressed in regeneration blastemas across Kingdoms. Finally, we analyze data on distinct Vmem signatures in normal and cancer cells, revealing a specific bioelectrical signature corresponding to some types of malignancies. These analyses shed light on fundamental questions in developmental bioelectricity and suggest new avenues for research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Srivastava
- Rye High School, Rye, New York, USA; Current Affiliation: College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Harrison
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Pineda S, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Leimena C, Atkinson AJ, Altekoester AK, Cox CD, Jacoby A, Huttner IG, Ju YK, Soka M, Ohanian M, Trivedi G, Kalvakuri S, Birker K, Johnson R, Molenaar P, Kuchar D, Allen DG, van Helden DF, Harvey RP, Hill AP, Bodmer R, Vogler G, Dobrzynski H, Ocorr K, Fatkin D. Conserved Role of the Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel, K Ca1.1, in Sinus Node Function and Arrhythmia Risk. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003144. [PMID: 33629867 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNMA1 encodes the α-subunit of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa1.1, and lies within a linkage interval for atrial fibrillation (AF). Insights into the cardiac functions of KCa1.1 are limited, and KCNMA1 has not been investigated as an AF candidate gene. METHODS The KCNMA1 gene was sequenced in 118 patients with familial AF. The role of KCa1.1 in normal cardiac structure and function was evaluated in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly. A novel KCNMA1 variant was functionally characterized. RESULTS A complex KCNMA1 variant was identified in 1 kindred with AF. To evaluate potential disease mechanisms, we first evaluated the distribution of KCa1.1 in normal hearts using immunostaining and immunogold electron microscopy. KCa1.1 was seen throughout the atria and ventricles in humans and mice, with strong expression in the sinus node. In an ex vivo murine sinoatrial node preparation, addition of the KCa1.1 antagonist, paxilline, blunted the increase in beating rate induced by adrenergic receptor stimulation. Knockdown of the KCa1.1 ortholog, kcnma1b, in zebrafish embryos resulted in sinus bradycardia with dilatation and reduced contraction of the atrium and ventricle. Genetic inactivation of the Drosophila KCa1.1 ortholog, slo, systemically or in adult stages, also slowed the heartbeat and produced fibrillatory cardiac contractions. Electrophysiological characterization of slo-deficient flies revealed bursts of action potentials, reflecting increased events of fibrillatory arrhythmias. Flies with cardiac-specific overexpression of the human KCNMA1 mutant also showed increased heart period and bursts of action potentials, similar to the KCa1.1 loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to a highly conserved role of KCa1.1 in sinus node function in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly and suggest that KCa1.1 loss of function may predispose to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Christiana Leimena
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Andrew J Atkinson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Altekoester
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Arie Jacoby
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Yue-Kun Ju
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Magdalena Soka
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Monique Ohanian
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Gunjan Trivedi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Sreehari Kalvakuri
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Katja Birker
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Renee Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (P.M.).,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Dennis Kuchar
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
| | - David G Allen
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.F.v.H.)
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Adam P Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.).,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (H.D.)
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
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17
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Wen Z, Li Y, Bian C, Shi Q, Li Y. Characterization of two kcnk3 genes in rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus): Molecular cloning, distribution patterns and their potential roles in fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113546. [PMID: 32653428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
KCNK3 is a two-pore-domain (K2P) potassium channel involved in maintaining ion homeostasis, mediating thermogenesis, controlling breath and modulating electrical membrane potential. Although the functions of this channel have been widely described in mammals, its roles in fishes are still rarely known. Here, we identified two kcnk3 genes from the euryhaline rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus), and their roles related to fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation were investigated. The open reading frames of kcnk3a and kcnk3b were 1203 and 1176 bp in length, encoding 400 and 391 amino acids respectively. Multiple sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two isotypes of kcnk3 were extensively presented in fishes. Quantitative real-time PCRs indicated that both genes were widely distributed in examined tissues but showed different patterns. kcnk3a primary distributed in adipose, eye, heart, and spleen tissues, while kcnk3b was mainly detectable in heart, kidney, muscle and spleen tissues. In vivo experiments showed that fish fed diets with fish oil as dietary lipid (rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LC-PUFA) induced higher mRNA expression levels of kcnk3 genes in comparison with fish fed with plant oil diet at two different salinity environments (32 and 15‰). Meanwhile, the expression levels of kcnk3 genes were higher in seawater (32‰) than that in brackish water (15‰) when fishes were fed with both types of feeds. In vitro experiments with rabbitfish hepatocytes showed that LC-PUFA significantly improved hepatic kcnk3a expression level compared with treatment of linolenic acid. These results suggest that two kcnk3 genes are widely existed and they might be functionally related to fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation in the rabbitfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyong Wen
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chao Bian
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South, China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Mathie A, Veale EL, Cunningham KP, Holden RG, Wright PD. Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channels as Drug Targets: Anesthesia and Beyond. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:401-420. [PMID: 32679007 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030920-111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels stabilize the resting membrane potential of both excitable and nonexcitable cells and, as such, are important regulators of cell activity. There are many conditions where pharmacological regulation of K2P channel activity would be of therapeutic benefit, including, but not limited to, atrial fibrillation, respiratory depression, pulmonary hypertension, neuropathic pain, migraine, depression, and some forms of cancer. Up until now, few if any selective pharmacological regulators of K2P channels have been available. However, recent publications of solved structures with small-molecule activators and inhibitors bound to TREK-1, TREK-2, and TASK-1 K2P channels have given insight into the pharmacophore requirements for compound binding to these sites. Together with the increasing availability of a number of novel, active, small-molecule compounds from K2P channel screening programs, these advances have opened up the possibility of rational activator and inhibitor design to selectively target K2P channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom;
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom;
| | - Kevin P Cunningham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn G Holden
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom;
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19
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Clozapine, nimodipine and endosulfan differentially suppress behavioral defects caused by gain-of-function mutations in a two-pore domain K + channel (UNC-58). Neurosci Res 2020; 170:41-49. [PMID: 32681854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two-pore domain K+ channels (K2Ps) regulate the resting membrane potential in excitable cells and determine ease of depolarization. Gain-of-function (gf) mutations in one of these channels (unc-58) in C. elegans switch it to a Na+ conductance channel and cause tremors, paralysis and other defects. We hypothesized that it should be possible to identify drugs that corrected these defects in unc-58(gf) mutant animals by blocking or modulating the over-active channels. We examined dispersal of animals on food because the absence of effective forward locomotion is the most obvious defect. In addition, we quantified egg release over 24 h. Starting with a known inhibitor of mammalian K2Ps and directed structure-based screening, we evaluated numerous drugs in these assays. Loratadine, which inhibits human KCNK18, significantly improved movement as did methiothepin. We confirmed that endosulfan, a GABA-A receptor antagonist, corrected locomotion in the unc-58(gf) strains. Based on structural similarities to other hits, we found that clozapine, loxapine and amoxapine potently suppressed abnormal phenotypes. Curiously, nimodipine, a Ca++-channel blocker, dramatically improved movement and egg laying in unc-58(e665), but not unc-58(n495) animals. Molecular modeling provided initial insights into a possible basis for this difference based on the location of the e665 and n495 mutations. This research may lead to identification of novel K2P modulators and potential leads for drug discovery.
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20
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Duan W, Hicks J, Makara MA, Ilkayeva O, Abraham DM. TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels modulate pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H566-H580. [PMID: 31977249 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00739.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels are present in cardiac tissue; however, their contribution to cardiac pathophysiology is not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of TASK-1 and TASK-3 in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction using both human tissue and mouse models of genetic TASK channel loss of function. Compared with normal human cardiac tissue, TASK-1 gene expression is reduced in association with either cardiac hypertrophy alone or combined cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In a pressure overload cardiomyopathy model, TASK-1 global knockout (TASK-1 KO) mice have both reduced cardiac hypertrophy and preserved cardiac function compared with wild-type mice. In contrast to the TASK-1 KO mouse pressure overload response, TASK-3 global knockout (TASK-3 KO) mice develop cardiac hypertrophy and a delayed onset of cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type mice. The cardioprotective effects observed in TASK-1 KO mice are associated with pressure overload-induced augmentation of AKT phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression, with consequent augmentation of cardiac energetics and fatty acid oxidation. The protective effects of TASK-1 loss of function are associated with an enhancement of physiologic hypertrophic signaling and preserved metabolic functions. These findings may provide a rationale for TASK-1 channel inhibition in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels in cardiac function is not well understood. This study demonstrates that TASK channel gene expression is associated with the onset of human cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. TASK-1 and TASK-3 strongly affect the development of pressure overload cardiomyopathies in genetic models of TASK-1 and TASK-3 loss of function. The effects of TASK-1 loss of function were associated with enhanced AKT phosphorylation and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) transcription factor. These data suggest that TASK channels influence the development of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonné Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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21
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Wen ZY, Bian C, You X, Zhang X, Li J, Zhan Q, Peng Y, Li YY, Shi Q. Characterization of two kcnk3 genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and transcriptional changes in various salinity of seawater. Genomics 2019; 112:2213-2222. [PMID: 31881264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As one important member of the two-pore-domain potassium channel (K2P) family, potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3) has been reported for thermogenesis regulation, energy homeostasis, membrane potential conduction, and pulmonary hypertension in mammals. However, its roles in fishes are far less examined and published. In the present study, we identified two kcnk3 genes (kcnk3a and kcnk3b) in an euryhaline fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), by molecular cloning, genomic survey and laboratory experiments to investigate their potential roles for osmoregulation. We obtained full-length coding sequences of the kcnk3a and kcnk3b genes (1209 and 1173 bp), which encode 402 and 390 amino acids, respectively. Subsequent multiple sequence alignments, putative 3D-structure model prediction, genomic survey and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two kcnk3 paralogs are widely presented in fish genomes. Interestingly, a DNA fragment inversion of a kcnk3a cluster was found in Cypriniforme in comparison with other fishes. Quantitative real-time PCRs demonstrated that both the tilapia kcnk3 genes were detected in all the examined tissues with a similar distribution pattern, and the highest transcriptions were observed in the heart. Meanwhile, both kcnk3 genes in the gill were proved to have a similar transcriptional change pattern in response to various salinity of seawater, implying that they might be involved in osmoregulation. Furthermore, three predicted transcription factors (arid3a, arid3b, and arid5a) of both kcnk3 genes also showed a similar pattern as their target genes in response to the various salinity, suggesting their potential positive regulatory roles. In summary, we for the first time characterized the two kcnk3 genes in Nile tilapia, and demonstrated their potential involvement in osmoregulation for this economically important fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yong Wen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiuyao Zhan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuxiang Peng
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuan-You Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
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22
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, Beyersdorf C, Zhao Z, El-Battrawy I, Lan H, Szabo G, Li X, Lang S, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Rapti K, Jungmann A, Ratte A, Müller OJ, Karck M, Seemann G, Akin I, Borggrefe M, Zhou XB, Katus HA, Thomas D. Genetic Ablation of TASK-1 (Tandem of P Domains in a Weak Inward Rectifying K + Channel-Related Acid-Sensitive K + Channel-1) (K 2P3.1) K + Channels Suppresses Atrial Fibrillation and Prevents Electrical Remodeling. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e007465. [PMID: 31514528 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology, translation into mechanism-based treatment options is lacking. In atrial cardiomyocytes of patients with chronic AF, expression, and function of tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying TASK-1 (K+ channel-related acid-sensitive K+ channel-1) (K2P3.1) atrial-specific 2-pore domain potassium channels is enhanced, resulting in action potential duration shortening. TASK-1 channel inhibition prevents action potential duration shortening to maintain values observed among sinus rhythm subjects. The present preclinical study used a porcine AF model to evaluate the antiarrhythmic efficacy of TASK-1 inhibition by adeno-associated viral anti-TASK-1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) gene transfer. METHODS AF was induced in domestic pigs by atrial burst stimulation via implanted pacemakers. Adeno-associated viral vectors carrying anti-TASK-1-siRNA were injected into both atria to suppress TASK-1 channel expression. After the 14-day follow-up period, porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated from right and left atrium, followed by electrophysiological and molecular characterization. RESULTS AF was associated with increased TASK-1 transcript, protein and ion current levels leading to shortened action potential duration in atrial cardiomyocytes compared to sinus rhythm controls, similar to previous findings in humans. Anti-TASK-1 adeno-associated viral application significantly reduced AF burden in comparison to untreated AF pigs. Antiarrhythmic effects of anti-TASK-1-siRNA were associated with reduction of TASK-1 currents and prolongation of action potential durations in atrial cardiomyocytes to sinus rhythm values. Conclusions Adeno-associated viral-based anti-TASK-1 gene therapy suppressed AF and corrected cellular electrophysiological remodeling in a porcine model of AF. Suppression of AF through selective reduction of TASK-1 currents represents a new option for antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Christoph Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Huan Lan
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Gabor Szabo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Xin Li
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Siegfried Lang
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Kleopatra Rapti
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
| | - Antonius Ratte
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M.), University of Kiel.,DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck (O.J.M.), University of Kiel
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (G. Szabo, S.K.-I., M.K.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Gunnar Seemann
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen (G. Seemann).,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Germany (G. Seemann)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim (Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., X.L., S.L., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) (C.S., F.W., C.B., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology (C.S., F.W., C.B., K.R., A.J., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim (C.S., F.W., C.B., Z.Z., I.E.-B., H.L., S.L., K.R., A.J., A.R., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z., H.A.K., D.T.), University of Heidelberg
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23
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Bedoya M, Rinné S, Kiper AK, Decher N, González W, Ramírez D. TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10044-10058. [PMID: 31260312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rational drug design targeting ion channels is an exciting and always evolving research field. New medicinal chemistry strategies are being implemented to explore the wild chemical space and unravel the molecular basis of the ion channels modulators binding mechanisms. TASK channels belong to the two-pore domain potassium channel family and are modulated by extracellular acidosis. They are extensively distributed along the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and their expression is up- and downregulated in different cancer types, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. However, TASK channels remain unexplored, and drugs designed to target these channels are poorly selective. Here, we review TASK channels properties and their known blockers and activators, considering the new challenges in ion channels drug design and focusing on the implementation of computational methodologies in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Bedoya
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM) , Universidad de Talca , 1 Poniente No. 1141 , 3460000 Talca , Chile
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, MCMBB , Philipps-University of Marburg , Deutschhausstraße 2 , Marburg 35037 , Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, MCMBB , Philipps-University of Marburg , Deutschhausstraße 2 , Marburg 35037 , Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, MCMBB , Philipps-University of Marburg , Deutschhausstraße 2 , Marburg 35037 , Germany
| | - Wendy González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM) , Universidad de Talca , 1 Poniente No. 1141 , 3460000 Talca , Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD) , Universidad de Talca , 1 Poniente No. 1141 , 3460000 Talca , Chile
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Piso 6 , 8900000 Santiago , Chile
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24
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Linscheid N, Logantha SJRJ, Poulsen PC, Zhang S, Schrölkamp M, Egerod KL, Thompson JJ, Kitmitto A, Galli G, Humphries MJ, Zhang H, Pers TH, Olsen JV, Boyett M, Lundby A. Quantitative proteomics and single-nucleus transcriptomics of the sinus node elucidates the foundation of cardiac pacemaking. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2889. [PMID: 31253831 PMCID: PMC6599035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinus node is a collection of highly specialised cells constituting the heart’s pacemaker. The molecular underpinnings of its pacemaking abilities are debated. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we here quantify >7,000 proteins from sinus node and neighbouring atrial muscle. Abundances of 575 proteins differ between the two tissues. By performing single-nucleus RNA sequencing of sinus node biopsies, we attribute measured protein abundances to specific cell types. The data reveal significant differences in ion channels responsible for the membrane clock, but not in Ca2+ clock proteins, suggesting that the membrane clock underpins pacemaking. Consistently, incorporation of ion channel expression differences into a biophysically-detailed atrial action potential model result in pacemaking and a sinus node-like action potential. Combining our quantitative proteomics data with computational modeling, we estimate ion channel copy numbers for sinus node myocytes. Our findings provide detailed insights into the unique molecular make-up of the cardiac pacemaker. The sinus node generates rhythmic heartbeat but the molecular basis of pacemaking is still under debate. Here, the authors combine quantitative proteomics and single-nucleus transcriptomics to characterize the molecular composition of the sinus node and provide insights into the underpinnings of pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Linscheid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Pi Camilla Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Shanzhuo Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Haerbin Shi, 150006, China
| | - Maren Schrölkamp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Lihme Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jonatan James Thompson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gina Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper Velgaard Olsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mark Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, 2200, Denmark.
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25
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Rinné S, Kiper AK, Vowinkel KS, Ramírez D, Schewe M, Bedoya M, Aser D, Gensler I, Netter MF, Stansfeld PJ, Baukrowitz T, Gonzalez W, Decher N. The molecular basis for an allosteric inhibition of K +-flux gating in K 2P channels. eLife 2019; 8:39476. [PMID: 30803485 PMCID: PMC6391080 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels are key regulators of many physiological and pathophysiological processes and thus emerged as promising drug targets. As for other potassium channels, there is a lack of selective blockers, since drugs preferentially bind to a conserved binding site located in the central cavity. Thus, there is a high medical need to identify novel drug-binding sites outside the conserved lipophilic central cavity and to identify new allosteric mechanisms of channel inhibition. Here, we identified a novel binding site and allosteric inhibition mechanism, disrupting the recently proposed K+-flux gating mechanism of K2P channels, which results in an unusual voltage-dependent block of leak channels belonging to the TASK subfamily. The new binding site and allosteric mechanism of inhibition provide structural and mechanistic insights into the gating of TASK channels and the basis for the drug design of a new class of potent blockers targeting specific types of K2P channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kirsty S Vowinkel
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Ramírez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcus Schewe
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauricio Bedoya
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Diana Aser
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Gensler
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael F Netter
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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26
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Cloning and characterization of zebrafish K2P13.1 (THIK-1) two-pore-domain K+ channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 126:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Odening KE, Deiß S, Dilling-Boer D, Didenko M, Eriksson U, Nedios S, Ng FS, Roca Luque I, Sanchez Borque P, Vernooy K, Wijnmaalen AP, Yorgun H. Mechanisms of sex differences in atrial fibrillation: role of hormones and differences in electrophysiology, structure, function, and remodelling. Europace 2018; 21:366-376. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Deiß
- Asklepios Medical Center Altona, Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Didenko
- Department of Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology, Kuprianov's Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Rhythmology Division, Department of Medicine, GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sotirios Nedios
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ivo Roca Luque
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus P Wijnmaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Ravens U. Ionic basis of cardiac electrophysiology in zebrafish compared to human hearts. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Vagos M, van Herck IGM, Sundnes J, Arevalo HJ, Edwards AG, Koivumäki JT. Computational Modeling of Electrophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1221. [PMID: 30233399 PMCID: PMC6131668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) is broad, with components related to the unique and diverse cellular electrophysiology of atrial myocytes, structural complexity, and heterogeneity of atrial tissue, and pronounced disease-associated remodeling of both cells and tissue. A major challenge for rational design of AF therapy, particularly pharmacotherapy, is integrating these multiscale characteristics to identify approaches that are both efficacious and independent of ventricular contraindications. Computational modeling has long been touted as a basis for achieving such integration in a rapid, economical, and scalable manner. However, computational pipelines for AF-specific drug screening are in their infancy, and while the field is progressing quite rapidly, major challenges remain before computational approaches can fill the role of workhorse in rational design of AF pharmacotherapies. In this review, we briefly detail the unique aspects of AF pathophysiology that determine requirements for compounds targeting AF rhythm control, with emphasis on delimiting mechanisms that promote AF triggers from those providing substrate or supporting reentry. We then describe modeling approaches that have been used to assess the outcomes of drugs acting on established AF targets, as well as on novel promising targets including the ultra-rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, the acetylcholine-activated potassium current and the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel. Finally, we describe how heterogeneity and variability are being incorporated into AF-specific models, and how these approaches are yielding novel insights into the basic physiology of disease, as well as aiding identification of the important molecular players in the complex AF etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Vagos
- Computational Physiology Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ilsbeth G. M. van Herck
- Computational Physiology Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joakim Sundnes
- Computational Physiology Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
- Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hermenegild J. Arevalo
- Computational Physiology Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
- Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew G. Edwards
- Computational Physiology Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
- Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jussi T. Koivumäki
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Staudacher I, Illg C, Gierten J, Seehausen S, Schweizer PA, Katus HA, Thomas D. Identification and functional characterization of zebrafish K 2P 17.1 (TASK-4, TALK-2) two-pore-domain K + channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Wiedmann F, Schulte JS, Gomes B, Zafeiriou MP, Ratte A, Rathjens F, Fehrmann E, Scholz B, Voigt N, Müller FU, Thomas D, Katus HA, Schmidt C. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure-associated remodeling of two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels in murine disease models: focus on TASK-1. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Navarro-Retamal C, Caballero J. Energetic differences between non-domain-swapped and domain-swapped chain connectivities in the K2P potassium channel TRAAK. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26610-26618. [PMID: 35541058 PMCID: PMC9083029 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain (K2P) channels are twofold symmetric K+ channels which control cell excitability by enabling the leak of potassium ions from cells in response to physicochemical stimuli. Crystallization of K2P channels revealed the presence of several structural features, which include an external cap. In the available crystallographic structures, the cap is present as non-domain-swapped (NDS) and domain-swapped (DS) chain conformations, where DS chain conformation exchanges two opposing outer helices 180° around the channel. In this work, energy differences between the residues located at the highest point of the cap in NDS and DS conformations were evaluated for TRAAK, a K2P channel that was crystallized in both conformations. Results indicated a preference for DS conformation, but this result is not extensible to TASK K2P channels. In the available crystallographic structures of K2P channels, the cap is present as non-domain-swapped (NDS) and domain-swapped (DS) chain conformations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad de Talca
- Talca
- Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad de Talca
- Talca
- Chile
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33
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Olschewski A, Veale EL, Nagy BM, Nagaraj C, Kwapiszewska G, Antigny F, Lambert M, Humbert M, Czirják G, Enyedi P, Mathie A. TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the lung: from cell biology to clinical implications. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/5/1700754. [PMID: 29122916 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00754-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1 encoded by KCNK3) belongs to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. Furthermore, mutations in KCNK3 have been identified as a rare cause of both familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria .,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Bence M Nagy
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Gábor Czirják
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
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34
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Fatkin D, Santiago CF, Huttner IG, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT. Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation: State of the Art in 2017. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 26:894-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Extraoral Taste Receptor Discovery: New Light on Ayurvedic Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28642799 PMCID: PMC5469997 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5435831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More and more research studies are revealing unexpectedly important roles of taste for health and pathogenesis of various diseases. Only recently it has been shown that taste receptors have many extraoral locations (e.g., stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, respiratory system, heart, brain, kidney, urinary bladder, pancreas, adipose tissue, testis, and ovary), being part of a large diffuse chemosensory system. The functional implications of these taste receptors widely dispersed in various organs or tissues shed a new light on several concepts used in ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyaguna vijnana), such as taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), qualities (guna), and energetic nature (virya). This review summarizes the significance of extraoral taste receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels for ayurvedic pharmacology, as well as the biological activities of various types of phytochemical tastants from an ayurvedic perspective. The relative importance of taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), and energetic nature (virya) as ethnopharmacological descriptors within Ayurveda boundaries will also be discussed.
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36
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DeLaughter DM, Bick AG, Wakimoto H, McKean D, Gorham JM, Kathiriya IS, Hinson JT, Homsy J, Gray J, Pu W, Bruneau BG, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Single-Cell Resolution of Temporal Gene Expression during Heart Development. Dev Cell 2016; 39:480-490. [PMID: 27840107 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of complex molecular programs in specific cell lineages governs mammalian heart development, from a primordial linear tube to a four-chamber organ. To characterize lineage-specific, spatiotemporal developmental programs, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of >1,200 murine cells isolated at seven time points spanning embryonic day 9.5 (primordial heart tube) to postnatal day 21 (mature heart). Using unbiased transcriptional data, we classified cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblast-enriched cells, thus identifying markers for temporal and chamber-specific developmental programs. By harnessing these datasets, we defined developmental ages of human and mouse pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes and characterized lineage-specific maturation defects in hearts of mice with heterozygous mutations in Nkx2.5 that cause human heart malformations. This spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis of heart development reveals lineage-specific gene programs underlying normal cardiac development and congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David McKean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irfan S Kathiriya
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 92868, USA
| | - John T Hinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Homsy
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesse Gray
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Syeda F, Holmes AP, Yu TY, Tull S, Kuhlmann SM, Pavlovic D, Betney D, Riley G, Kucera JP, Jousset F, de Groot JR, Rohr S, Brown NA, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P. PITX2 Modulates Atrial Membrane Potential and the Antiarrhythmic Effects of Sodium-Channel Blockers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:1881-1894. [PMID: 27765191 PMCID: PMC5075046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.07.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiarrhythmic drugs are widely used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanisms conveying their variable effectiveness are not known. Recent data suggested that paired like homeodomain-2 transcription factor (PITX2) might play an important role in regulating gene expression and electrical function of the adult left atrium (LA). OBJECTIVES After determining LA PITX2 expression in AF patients requiring rhythm control therapy, the authors assessed the effects of Pitx2c on LA electrophysiology and the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. METHODS LA PITX2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were measured in 95 patients undergoing thoracoscopic AF ablation. The effects of flecainide, a sodium (Na+)-channel blocker, and d,l-sotalol, a potassium channel blocker, were studied in littermate mice with normal and reduced Pitx2c mRNA by electrophysiological study, optical mapping, and patch clamp studies. PITX2-dependent mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drug action were studied in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing human Na channels and by modeling human action potentials. RESULTS Flecainide 1 μmol/l was more effective in suppressing atrial arrhythmias in atria with reduced Pitx2c mRNA levels (Pitx2c+/-). Resting membrane potential was more depolarized in Pitx2c+/- atria, and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 2 (TASK-2) gene and protein expression were decreased. This resulted in enhanced post-repolarization refractoriness and more effective Na-channel inhibition. Defined holding potentials eliminated differences in flecainide's effects between wild-type and Pitx2c+/- atrial cardiomyocytes. More positive holding potentials replicated the increased effectiveness of flecainide in blocking human Nav1.5 channels in HEK293 cells. Computer modeling reproduced an enhanced effectiveness of Na-channel block when resting membrane potential was slightly depolarized. CONCLUSIONS PITX2 mRNA modulates atrial resting membrane potential and thereby alters the effectiveness of Na-channel blockers. PITX2 and ion channels regulating the resting membrane potential may provide novel targets for antiarrhythmic drug development and companion therapeutics in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Syeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Physical Sciences of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Tull
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Betney
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Genna Riley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jan P Kucera
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Jousset
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel A Brown
- St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Muenster, Germany; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Muenster, Germany; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Despite the epidemiological scale of atrial fibrillation, current treatment strategies are of limited efficacy and safety. Ideally, novel drugs should specifically correct the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for atrial fibrillation with no other cardiac or extracardiac actions. Atrial-selective drugs are directed toward cellular targets with sufficiently different characteristics in atria and ventricles to modify only atrial function. Several potassium (K+) channels with either predominant expression in atria or distinct electrophysiological properties in atria and ventricles can serve as atrial-selective drug targets. These channels include the ultra-rapidly activating, delayed outward-rectifying Kv1.5 channel conducting IKur, the acetylcholine-activated inward-rectifying Kir3.1/Kir3.4 channel conducting IK,ACh, the Ca2+-activated K+ channels of small conductance (SK) conducting ISK, and the two pore domain K+ (K2P) channels TWIK-1, TASK-1 and TASK-3 that are responsible for voltage-independent background currents ITWIK-1, ITASK-1, and ITASK-3. Here, we briefly review the characteristics of these K+ channels and their roles in atrial fibrillation. The antiarrhythmic potential of drugs targeting the described channels is discussed as well as their putative value in treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Ravens
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Katja E Odening
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
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Therapeutic targeting of two-pore-domain potassium (K(2P)) channels in the cardiovascular system. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:643-50. [PMID: 26993052 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of treatment strategies in cardiovascular medicine is an ongoing process that requires constant optimization. The ability of a therapeutic intervention to prevent cardiovascular pathology largely depends on its capacity to suppress the underlying mechanisms. Attenuation or reversal of disease-specific pathways has emerged as a promising paradigm, providing a mechanistic rationale for patient-tailored therapy. Two-pore-domain K(+) (K(2P)) channels conduct outward K(+) currents that stabilize the resting membrane potential and facilitate action potential repolarization. K(2P) expression in the cardiovascular system and polymodal K2P current regulation suggest functional significance and potential therapeutic roles of the channels. Recent work has focused primarily on K(2P)1.1 [tandem of pore domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K(+) channel (TWIK)-1], K(2P)2.1 [TWIK-related K(+) channel (TREK)-1], and K(2P)3.1 [TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel (TASK)-1] channels and their role in heart and vessels. K(2P) currents have been implicated in atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenesis and in setting the vascular tone. Furthermore, the association of genetic alterations in K(2P)3.1 channels with atrial fibrillation, cardiac conduction disorders and pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrates the relevance of the channels in cardiovascular disease. The function, regulation and clinical significance of cardiovascular K(2P) channels are summarized in the present review, and therapeutic options are emphasized.
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Abstract
Approximately 80 genes in the human genome code for pore-forming subunits of potassium (K(+)) channels. Rare variants (mutations) in K(+) channel-encoding genes may cause heritable arrhythmia syndromes. Not all rare variants in K(+) channel-encoding genes are necessarily disease-causing mutations. Common variants in K(+) channel-encoding genes are increasingly recognized as modifiers of phenotype in heritable arrhythmia syndromes and in the general population. Although difficult, distinguishing pathogenic variants from benign variants is of utmost importance to avoid false designations of genetic variants as disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Amin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, PO Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Christensen AH, Chatelain FC, Huttner IG, Olesen MS, Soka M, Feliciangeli S, Horvat C, Santiago CF, Vandenberg JI, Schmitt N, Olesen SP, Lesage F, Fatkin D. The two-pore domain potassium channel, TWIK-1, has a role in the regulation of heart rate and atrial size. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:24-35. [PMID: 27103460 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The two-pore domain potassium (K(+)) channel TWIK-1 (or K2P1.1) contributes to background K(+) conductance in diverse cell types. TWIK-1, encoded by the KCNK1 gene, is present in the human heart with robust expression in the atria, however its physiological significance is unknown. To evaluate the cardiac effects of TWIK-1 deficiency, we studied zebrafish embryos after knockdown of the two KCNK1 orthologues, kcnk1a and kcnk1b. Knockdown of kcnk1a or kcnk1b individually caused bradycardia and atrial dilation (p<0.001 vs. controls), while ventricular stroke volume was preserved. Combined knockdown of both kcnk1a and kcnk1b resulted in a more severe phenotype, which was partially reversed by co-injection of wild-type human KCNK1 mRNA, but not by a dominant negative variant of human KCNK1 mRNA. To determine whether genetic variants in KCNK1 might cause atrial fibrillation (AF), we sequenced protein-coding regions in two independent cohorts of patients (373 subjects) and identified three non-synonymous variants, p.R171H, p.I198M and p.G236S, that were all located in highly conserved amino acid residues. In transfected mammalian cells, zebrafish and wild-type human TWIK-1 channels had a similar cellular distribution with predominant localization in the endosomal compartment. Two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments using Xenopus oocytes showed that both zebrafish and wild-type human TWIK-1 channels produced K(+) currents that are sensitive to external K(+) concentration as well as acidic pH. There were no effects of the three KCNK1 variants on cellular localization, current amplitude or reversal potential at pH7.4 or pH6. Our data indicate that TWIK-1 has a highly conserved role in cardiac function and is required for normal heart rate and atrial morphology. Despite the functional importance of TWIK-1 in the atrium, genetic variation in KCNK1 is not a common primary cause of human AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hørby Christensen
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Franck C Chatelain
- LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Soka
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sylvain Feliciangeli
- LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Claire Horvat
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celine F Santiago
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren-Peter Olesen
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Lesage
- LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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42
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Hancox JC, James AF, Marrion NV, Zhang H, Thomas D. Novel ion channel targets in atrial fibrillation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:947-58. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1159300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew F. James
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil V. Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sørhus E, Incardona JP, Furmanek T, Jentoft S, Meier S, Edvardsen RB. Developmental transcriptomics in Atlantic haddock: Illuminating pattern formation and organogenesis in non-model vertebrates. Dev Biol 2016; 411:301-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Genome-wide screening identifies a KCNIP1 copy number variant as a genetic predictor for atrial fibrillation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10190. [PMID: 26831368 PMCID: PMC4740744 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Previous genome-wide association studies had identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genomic regions to be associated with AF. In human genome, copy number variations (CNVs) are known to contribute to disease susceptibility. Using a genome-wide multistage approach to identify AF susceptibility CNVs, we here show a common 4,470-bp diallelic CNV in the first intron of potassium interacting channel 1 gene (KCNIP1) is strongly associated with AF in Taiwanese populations (odds ratio=2.27 for insertion allele; P=6.23 × 10(-24)). KCNIP1 insertion is associated with higher KCNIP1 mRNA expression. KCNIP1-encoded protein potassium interacting channel 1 (KCHIP1) is physically associated with potassium Kv channels and modulates atrial transient outward current in cardiac myocytes. Overexpression of KCNIP1 results in inducible AF in zebrafish. In conclusions, a common CNV in KCNIP1 gene is a genetic predictor of AF risk possibly pointing to a functional pathway.
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46
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Chokshi RH, Larsen AT, Bhayana B, Cotten JF. Breathing Stimulant Compounds Inhibit TASK-3 Potassium Channel Function Likely by Binding at a Common Site in the Channel Pore. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:926-34. [PMID: 26268529 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds PKTHPP (1-{1-[6-(biphenyl-4-ylcarbonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-4-yl}propan-1-one), A1899 (2''-[(4-methoxybenzoylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid 2,4-difluorobenzylamide), and doxapram inhibit TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) tandem pore (K2P) potassium channel function and stimulate breathing. To better understand the molecular mechanism(s) of action of these drugs, we undertook studies to identify amino acid residues in the TASK-3 protein that mediate this inhibition. Guided by homology modeling and molecular docking, we hypothesized that PKTHPP and A1899 bind in the TASK-3 intracellular pore. To test our hypothesis, we mutated each residue in or near the predicted PKTHPP and A1899 binding site (residues 118-128 and 228-248), individually, to a negatively charged aspartate. We quantified each mutation's effect on TASK-3 potassium channel concentration response to PKTHPP. Studies were conducted on TASK-3 transiently expressed in Fischer rat thyroid epithelial monolayers; channel function was measured in an Ussing chamber. TASK-3 pore mutations at residues 122 (L122D, E, or K) and 236 (G236D) caused the IC50 of PKTHPP to increase more than 1000-fold. TASK-3 mutants L122D, G236D, L239D, and V242D were resistant to block by PKTHPP, A1899, and doxapram. Our data are consistent with a model in which breathing stimulant compounds PKTHPP, A1899, and doxapram inhibit TASK-3 function by binding at a common site within the channel intracellular pore region, although binding outside the channel pore cannot yet be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki H Chokshi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., J.F.C.), Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology (A.T.L.), and Department of Dermatology (B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron T Larsen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., J.F.C.), Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology (A.T.L.), and Department of Dermatology (B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., J.F.C.), Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology (A.T.L.), and Department of Dermatology (B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph F Cotten
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (R.H.C., J.F.C.), Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology (A.T.L.), and Department of Dermatology (B.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, Voigt N, Zhou XB, Heijman J, Lang S, Albert V, Kallenberger S, Ruhparwar A, Szabó G, Kallenbach K, Karck M, Borggrefe M, Biliczki P, Ehrlich JR, Baczkó I, Lugenbiel P, Schweizer PA, Donner BC, Katus HA, Dobrev D, Thomas D. Upregulation of K(2P)3.1 K+ Current Causes Action Potential Shortening in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2015; 132:82-92. [PMID: 25951834 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiarrhythmic management of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a major clinical challenge. Mechanism-based approaches to AF therapy are sought to increase effectiveness and to provide individualized patient care. K(2P)3.1 (TASK-1 [tandem of P domains in a weak inward-rectifying K+ channel-related acid-sensitive K+ channel-1]) 2-pore-domain K+ (K(2P)) channels have been implicated in action potential regulation in animal models. However, their role in the pathophysiology and treatment of paroxysmal and chronic patients with AF is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Right and left atrial tissue was obtained from patients with paroxysmal or chronic AF and from control subjects in sinus rhythm. Ion channel expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Membrane currents and action potentials were recorded using voltage- and current-clamp techniques. K(2P)3.1 subunits exhibited predominantly atrial expression, and atrial K(2P)3.1 transcript levels were highest among functional K(2P) channels. K(2P)3.1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in chronic AF. Enhancement of corresponding currents in the right atrium resulted in shortened action potential duration at 90% of repolarization (APD90) compared with patients in sinus rhythm. In contrast, K(2P)3.1 expression was not significantly affected in subjects with paroxysmal AF. Pharmacological K(2P)3.1 inhibition prolonged APD90 in atrial myocytes from patients with chronic AF to values observed among control subjects in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of atrium-selective K(2P)3.1 currents contributes to APD shortening in patients with chronic AF, and K(2P)3.1 channel inhibition reverses AF-related APD shortening. These results highlight the potential of K(2P)3.1 as a novel drug target for mechanism-based AF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schmidt
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Felix Wiedmann
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Niels Voigt
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Jordi Heijman
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Siegfried Lang
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Virginia Albert
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Stefan Kallenberger
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Gábor Szabó
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Klaus Kallenbach
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Matthias Karck
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Peter Biliczki
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Joachim R Ehrlich
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - István Baczkó
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Birgit C Donner
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.)
| | - Dierk Thomas
- From Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.S., F.W., V.A., P.L., P.A.S., H.A.K., D.T.); Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., X.-B.Z., J.H., S.L., M.B., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (N.V., J.H., D.D.); First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (X.-B.Z., S.L., M.B.); Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Germany (S.K.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (A.R., G.S., K.K., M.K.); Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Division of Cardiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden, Germany (P.B., J.R.E.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.); and Department of Cardiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Switzerland (B.C.D.).
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Bandulik S, Tauber P, Lalli E, Barhanin J, Warth R. Two-pore domain potassium channels in the adrenal cortex. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:1027-42. [PMID: 25339223 PMCID: PMC4428839 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiological control of steroid hormone secretion from the adrenal cortex depends on the function of potassium channels. The "two-pore domain K(+) channels" (K2P) TWIK-related acid sensitive K(+) channel 1 (TASK1), TASK3, and TWIK-related K(+) channel 1 (TREK1) are strongly expressed in adrenocortical cells. They confer a background K(+) conductance to these cells which is important for the K(+) sensitivity as well as for angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent stimulation of aldosterone and cortisol synthesis. Mice with single deletions of the Task1 or Task3 gene as well as Task1/Task3 double knockout mice display partially autonomous aldosterone synthesis. It appears that TASK1 and TASK3 serve different functions: TASK1 affects cell differentiation and prevents expression of aldosterone synthase in the zona fasciculata, while TASK3 controls aldosterone secretion in glomerulosa cells. TREK1 is involved in the regulation of cortisol secretion in fasciculata cells. These data suggest that a disturbed function of K2P channels could contribute to adrenocortical pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Bandulik
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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49
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Rinné S, Kiper AK, Schlichthörl G, Dittmann S, Netter MF, Limberg SH, Silbernagel N, Zuzarte M, Moosdorf R, Wulf H, Schulze-Bahr E, Rolfes C, Decher N. TASK-1 and TASK-3 may form heterodimers in human atrial cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Phillips JB, Westerfield M. Zebrafish models in translational research: tipping the scales toward advancements in human health. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:739-43. [PMID: 24973743 PMCID: PMC4073263 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomics and next-generation sequencing have provided clinical researchers with unprecedented opportunities to understand the molecular basis of human genetic disorders. This abundance of information places new requirements on traditional disease models, which have the potential to be used to confirm newly identified pathogenic mutations and test the efficacy of emerging therapies. The unique attributes of zebrafish are being increasingly leveraged to create functional disease models, facilitate drug discovery, and provide critical scientific bases for the development of new clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. In this short review and the accompanying poster, we highlight a few illustrative examples of the applications of the zebrafish model to the study of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Phillips
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1254, USA
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1254, USA.
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