1
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Han Y, Zhou Z, Jin R, Dai F, Ge Y, Ju X, Ma X, He S, Yuan L, Wang Y, Yang W, Yue X, Chen Z, Sun Y, Corry B, Cox CD, Zhang Y. Mechanical activation opens a lipid-lined pore in OSCA ion channels. Nature 2024; 628:910-918. [PMID: 38570680 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OSCA/TMEM63 channels are the largest known family of mechanosensitive channels1-3, playing critical roles in plant4-7 and mammalian8,9 mechanotransduction. Here we determined 44 cryogenic electron microscopy structures of OSCA/TMEM63 channels in different environments to investigate the molecular basis of OSCA/TMEM63 channel mechanosensitivity. In nanodiscs, we mimicked increased membrane tension and observed a dilated pore with membrane access in one of the OSCA1.2 subunits. In liposomes, we captured the fully open structure of OSCA1.2 in the inside-in orientation, in which the pore shows a large lateral opening to the membrane. Unusually for ion channels, structural, functional and computational evidence supports the existence of a 'proteo-lipidic pore' in which lipids act as a wall of the ion permeation pathway. In the less tension-sensitive homologue OSCA3.1, we identified an 'interlocking' lipid tightly bound in the central cleft, keeping the channel closed. Mutation of the lipid-coordinating residues induced OSCA3.1 activation, revealing a conserved open conformation of OSCA channels. Our structures provide a global picture of the OSCA channel gating cycle, uncover the importance of bound lipids and show that each subunit can open independently. This expands both our understanding of channel-mediated mechanotransduction and channel pore formation, with important mechanistic implications for the TMEM16 and TMC protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Han
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruitao Jin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Fei Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Ge
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonuo Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong He
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yue
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Cheng D, Wang J, Yao M, Cox CD. Joining forces: crosstalk between mechanosensitive PIEZO1 ion channels and integrin-mediated focal adhesions. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1897-1906. [PMID: 37772664 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Both integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs) and mechanosensitive ion channels such as PIEZO1 are critical in mechanotransduction processes that influence cell differentiation, development, and cancer. Ample evidence now exists for regulatory crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 channels with the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remaining unclear. However, an emerging picture is developing based on spatial crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 revealing a synergistic model involving the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and calcium-dependent signaling. Already cell type, cell contractility, integrin subtypes and ECM composition have been shown to regulate this crosstalk, implying a highly fine-tuned relationship between these two major mechanosensing systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area, highlight the physiological implications of this crosstalk and identify gaps in our knowledge that will improve our understanding of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine Cheng
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junfan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Zhou Z, Ma X, Lin Y, Cheng D, Bavi N, Secker GA, Li JV, Janbandhu V, Sutton DL, Scott HS, Yao M, Harvey RP, Harvey NL, Corry B, Zhang Y, Cox CD. MyoD-family inhibitor proteins act as auxiliary subunits of Piezo channels. Science 2023; 381:799-804. [PMID: 37590348 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Piezo channels are critical cellular sensors of mechanical forces. Despite their large size, ubiquitous expression, and irreplaceable roles in an ever-growing list of physiological processes, few Piezo channel-binding proteins have emerged. In this work, we found that MyoD (myoblast determination)-family inhibitor proteins (MDFIC and MDFI) are PIEZO1/2 interacting partners. These transcriptional regulators bind to PIEZO1/2 channels, regulating channel inactivation. Using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we mapped the interaction site in MDFIC to a lipidated, C-terminal helix that inserts laterally into the PIEZO1 pore module. These Piezo-interacting proteins fit all the criteria for auxiliary subunits, contribute to explaining the vastly different gating kinetics of endogenous Piezo channels observed in many cell types, and elucidate mechanisms potentially involved in human lymphatic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaonuo Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiechang Lin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Genevieve A Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Drew L Sutton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Zhang Y, Jiang F, Zhao YC, Cho AN, Fang G, Cox CD, Zreiqat H, Lu ZF, Lu H, Ju LA. 3D spheroid-microvasculature-on-a-chip for tumor-endothelium mechanobiology interplay. Biomed Mater 2023. [PMID: 37451254 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ace7a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During the final stage of cancer metastasis, tumor cells embed themselves in distant capillary beds, from where they extravasate and establish secondary tumors. Recent findings underscore the pivotal roles of blood/lymphatic flow and shear stress in this intricate tumor extravasation process. Despite the increasing evidence, there is a dearth of systematic and biomechanical methodologies that accurately mimic intricate 3D microtissue interactions within a controlled hydrodynamic microenvironment. Addressing this gap, we introduce an easy-to-operate 3D Spheroid-Microvasculature-On-A-Chip (SMAC) model. Operating under both static and regulated flow conditions, the SMAC model facilitates the replication of the biomechanical interplay between heterogeneous tumor spheroids and endothelium in a quantitative manner. Serving as an in vitro model for metastasis mechanobiology, our model unveils the phenomena of 3D spheroid-induced endothelial compression and cell-cell junction degradation during tumor migration and expansion. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of shear stress on endothelial orientation, polarization, and tumor spheroid expansion. Collectively, our SMAC model provides a compact, cost-efficient, and adaptable platform for probing the mechanobiology of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
| | - Yunduo Charles Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, AUSTRALIA
| | - Guocheng Fang
- Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, AUSTRALIA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
| | - Zu Fu Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
| | - Hongxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, CHINA
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, AUSTRALIA
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5
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Zhang M, Shan Y, Cox CD, Pei D. A mechanical-coupling mechanism in OSCA/TMEM63 channel mechanosensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3943. [PMID: 37402734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are a ubiquitous type of molecular force sensor sensing forces from the surrounding bilayer. The profound structural diversity in these channels suggests that the molecular mechanisms of force sensing follow unique structural blueprints. Here we determine the structures of plant and mammalian OSCA/TMEM63 proteins, allowing us to identify essential elements for mechanotransduction and propose roles for putative bound lipids in OSCA/TMEM63 mechanosensation. Briefly, the central cavity created by the dimer interface couples each subunit and modulates dimeric OSCA/TMEM63 channel mechanosensitivity through the modulating lipids while the cytosolic side of the pore is gated by a plug lipid that prevents the ion permeation. Our results suggest that the gating mechanism of OSCA/TMEM63 channels may combine structural aspects of the 'lipid-gated' mechanism of MscS and TRAAK channels and the calcium-induced gating mechanism of the TMEM16 family, which may provide insights into the structural rearrangements of TMEM16/TMC superfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yuanyue Shan
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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6
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Yang S, Miao X, Arnold S, Li B, Ly A, Wang H, Wang M, Guo X, Pathak MM, Zhao W, Cox CD, Shi Z. Membrane curvature governs the distribution of Piezo1 in live cells. Biophys J 2023; 122:58a. [PMID: 36784899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xinwen Miao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steven Arnold
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Boxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alan Ly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiangfu Guo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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7
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Yao M, Tijore A, Cheng D, Li JV, Hariharan A, Martinac B, Tran Van Nhieu G, Cox CD, Sheetz M. Force- and cell state-dependent recruitment of Piezo1 drives focal adhesion dynamics and calcium entry. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1461. [PMID: 36351022 PMCID: PMC9645726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensing is an integral part of many physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Two major mechanosensing systems-focal adhesions and mechanosensitive ion channels-can convert mechanical features of the microenvironment into biochemical signals. We report here unexpectedly that the mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channel Piezo1, previously perceived to be diffusive on plasma membranes, binds to matrix adhesions in a force-dependent manner, promoting cell spreading, adhesion dynamics, and calcium entry in normal but not in most cancer cells tested except some glioblastoma lines. A linker domain in Piezo1 is needed for binding to adhesions, and overexpression of the domain blocks Piezo1 binding to adhesions, decreasing adhesion size and cell spread area. Thus, we suggest that Piezo1 is a previously unidentified component of focal adhesions in nontransformed cells that catalyzes adhesion maturation and growth through force-dependent calcium signaling, but this function is absent in most cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ajay Tijore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anushya Hariharan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Team Ca Signaling and Microbial Infections, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell–CNRS UMR9198–Inserm U1280, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
- Molecular MechanoMedicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
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8
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Lai A, Thurgood P, Cox CD, Chheang C, Peter K, Jaworowski A, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Piezo1 Response to Shear Stress Is Controlled by the Components of the Extracellular Matrix. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40559-40568. [PMID: 36047858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a recently discovered Ca2+ permeable ion channel that has emerged as an integral sensor of hemodynamic forces within the cardiovascular system, contributing to vascular development and blood pressure regulation. However, how the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects the mechanosensitivity of Piezo1 in response to hemodynamic forces remains poorly understood. Using a combination of microfluidics and calcium imaging techniques, we probe the shear stress sensitivity of single HEK293T cells engineered to stably express Piezo1 in the presence of different ECM proteins. Our experiments show that Piezo1 sensitivity to shear stress is not dependent on the presence of ECM proteins. However, different ECM proteins regulate the sensitivity of Piezo1 depending on the shear stress level. Under high shear stress, fibronectin sensitizes Piezo1 response to shear, while under low shear stress, Piezo1 mechanosensitivity is improved in the presence of collagen types I and IV and laminin. Moreover, we report that α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins are involved in Piezo1 sensitivity at high shear, while αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins are involved in regulating the Piezo1 response at low shear stress. These results demonstrate that the ECM/integrin interactions influence Piezo1 mechanosensitivity and could represent a mechanism whereby extracellular forces are transmitted to Piezo1 channels, providing new insights into the mechanism by which Piezo1 senses shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | | | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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Bavi O, Zhou Z, Bavi N, Mehdi Vaez Allaei S, Cox CD, Martinac B. Asymmetric effects of amphipathic molecules on mechanosensitive channels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9976. [PMID: 35705645 PMCID: PMC9200802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are primary transducers of mechanical force into electrical and/or chemical intracellular signals. Many diverse MS channel families have been shown to respond to membrane forces. As a result of this intimate relationship with the membrane and proximal lipids, amphipathic compounds exert significant effects on the gating of MS channels. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and employed patch-clamp recording to investigate the effect of two amphipaths, Fluorouracil (5-FU) a chemotherapy agent, and the anaesthetic trifluoroethanol (TFE) on structurally distinct mechanosensitive channels. We show that these amphipaths have a profound effect on the bilayer order parameter as well as transbilayer pressure profile. We used bacterial mechanosensitive channels (MscL/MscS) and a eukaryotic mechanosensitive channel (TREK-1) as force-from-lipids reporters and showed that these amphipaths have differential effects on these channels depending on the amphipaths' size and shape as well as which leaflet of the bilayer they incorporate into. 5-FU is more asymmetric in shape and size than TFE and does not penetrate as deep within the bilayer as TFE. Thereby, 5-FU has a more profound effect on the bilayer and channel activity than TFE at much lower concentrations. We postulate that asymmetric effects of amphipathic molecules on mechanosensitive membrane proteins through the bilayer represents a general regulatory mechanism for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Bavi
- grid.444860.a0000 0004 0600 0546Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zijing Zhou
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 1439955961 Tehran, Iran
| | - Charles D. Cox
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - B. Martinac
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F.)
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.)
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.)
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11
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Wang H, Obeidy P, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Su QP, Cox CD, Ju LA. Fluorescence-coupled micropipette aspiration assay to examine calcium mobilization caused by red blood cell mechanosensing. Eur Biophys J 2022; 51:135-146. [PMID: 35286429 PMCID: PMC8964638 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli such as tension, compression, and shear stress play critical roles in the physiological functions of red blood cells (RBCs) and their homeostasis, ATP release, and rheological properties. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mobilization reflects RBC mechanosensing as they transverse the complex vasculature. Emerging studies have demonstrated the presence of mechanosensitive Ca2+ permeable ion channels and their function has been implicated in the regulation of RBC volume and deformability. However, how these mechanoreceptors trigger Ca2+ influx and subsequent cellular responses are still unclear. Here, we introduce a fluorescence-coupled micropipette aspiration assay to examine RBC mechanosensing at the single-cell level. To achieve a wide range of cell aspirations, we implemented and compared two negative pressure adjusting apparatuses: a homemade water manometer (- 2.94 to 0 mmH2O) and a pneumatic high-speed pressure clamp (- 25 to 0 mmHg). To visualize Ca2+ influx, RBCs were pre-loaded with an intensiometric probe Cal-520 AM, then imaged under a confocal microscope with concurrent bright-field and fluorescent imaging at acquisition rates of 10 frames per second. Remarkably, we observed the related changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels immediately after aspirating individual RBCs in a pressure-dependent manner. The RBC aspirated by the water manometer only displayed 1.1-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, whereas the RBC aspirated by the pneumatic clamp showed up to threefold increase. These results demonstrated the water manometer as a gentle tool for cell manipulation with minimal pre-activation, while the high-speed pneumatic clamp as a much stronger pressure actuator to examine cell mechanosensing directly. Together, this multimodal platform enables us to precisely control aspiration and membrane tension, and subsequently correlate this with intracellular calcium concentration dynamics in a robust and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Yunduo Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qian Peter Su
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia. .,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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12
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Chow PH, Cox CD, Pei JV, Anabaraonye N, Nourmohammadi S, Henderson SW, Martinac B, Abdulmalik O, Yool AJ. Inhibition of the Aquaporin-1 Cation Conductance by Selected Furan Compounds Reduces Red Blood Cell Sickling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794791. [PMID: 35111062 PMCID: PMC8801817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), the pathological shift of red blood cells (RBCs) into distorted morphologies under hypoxic conditions follows activation of a cationic leak current (Psickle) and cell dehydration. Prior work showed sickling was reduced by 5-hydroxylmethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF), which stabilized mutant hemoglobin and also blocked the Psickle current in RBCs, though the molecular basis of this 5-HMF-sensitive cation current remained a mystery. Work here is the first to test the hypothesis that Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) cation channels contribute to the monovalent component of Psickle. Human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were evaluated for sensitivity to 5-HMF and four derivatives known to have differential efficacies in preventing RBC sickling. Ion conductances were measured by two-electrode voltage clamp, and osmotic water permeability by optical swelling assays. Compounds tested were: 5-HMF; 5-PMFC (5-(phenoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde); 5-CMFC (5-(4-chlorophenoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde); 5-NMFC (5-(2-nitrophenoxymethyl)-furan-2-carbaldehyde); and VZHE006 (tert-butyl (5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl carbonate). The most effective anti-sickling agent, 5-PMFC, was the most potent inhibitor of the AQP1 ion conductance (98% block at 100 µM). The order of sensitivity of the AQP1 conductance to inhibition was 5-PMFC > VZHE006 > 5-CMFC ≥ 5-NMFC, which corresponded with effectiveness in protecting RBCs from sickling. None of the compounds altered AQP1 water channel activity. Combined application of a selective AQP1 ion channel blocker AqB011 (80 µM) with a selective hemoglobin modifying agent 5-NMFC (2.5 mM) increased anti-sickling effectiveness in red blood cells from human SCD patients. Another non-selective cation channel known to be expressed in RBCs, Piezo1, was unaffected by 2 mM 5-HMF. Results suggest that inhibition of AQP1 ion channels and capacity to modify hemoglobin are combined features of the most effective anti-sickling agents. Future therapeutics aimed at both targets could hold promise for improved treatments for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Hin Chow
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nancy Anabaraonye
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Yu ZY, Gong H, Kesteven S, Guo Y, Wu J, Li J, Iismaa S, Kaidonis X, Graham RM, Cox CD, Feneley MP, Martinac B. Piezo1 and TRPM4 work in tandem to initiate cardiac hypertrophic signalling in response to pressure overload. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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14
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Cox CD, Zhang Y, Martinac B, Walz T. Cyclodextrins increase membrane tension and are universal activators of mechanosensitive channels. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Zhou Z, Li JV, Martinac B, Cox CD. Loss-of-Function Piezo1 Mutations Display Altered Stability Driven by Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766416. [PMID: 34867393 PMCID: PMC8640252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the gene that encodes for the mechanically-gated ion channel Piezo1 have been linked to a number of diseases. Gain-of-function variants are linked to a hereditary anaemia and loss-of-function variants have been linked to generalized lymphatic dysplasia and bicuspid aortic valve. Two previously characterized mutations, S217L and G2029R, both exhibit reduced plasma membrane trafficking. Here we show that both mutations also display reduced stability and higher turnover rates than wild-type Piezo1 channels. This occurs through increased ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Congruent with this, proteasome inhibition using N-acetyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-norleucinal (ALLN) reduced the degradation of both mutant proteins. While ALLN treatment could not rescue the function of S217L we show via multiple complementary methodologies that proteasome inhibition via ALLN treatment can not only prevent G2029R turnover but increase the membrane localized pool of this variant and the functional Piezo1 mechanosensitive currents. This data in combination with a precision medicine approach provides a new potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of Piezo1 mediated channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Vero Li J, D Cox C, Martinac B. The anchor domain is critical for Piezo1 channel mechanosensitivity. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:438-446. [PMID: 33975519 PMCID: PMC8118467 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1923199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is a crucial membrane mechanosensor ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cell types. Critical to its function in mechanosensory transduction is its ability to change conformation in response to applied mechanical force. Here, we interrogate the role of the anchor domain in the mechanically induced gating of human Piezo1 channels. Using the insertion of glycine residues at each corner of the triangular-shaped anchor domain to decouple this domain we provide evidence that the anchor is important in Piezo1 mechano-gating. Insertion of two extra glycine residues between the anchor and the outer helix of human Piezo1 causes abrogated inactivation and reduced mechanosensitivity. Whereas inserting two glycine residues at the apex of the anchor domain at the conserved amino acid P2113 causes the channel to be more sensitive to membrane forces. Correlation of stretch sensitivity with the volume of the neighboring amino acid, natively a phenylalanine (F2114), suggests this is caused by removal of steric hindrance on the inner pore-lining helix. Smaller volume amino acids at this residue increase sensitivity whereas larger volume reduces mechanosensitivity. The combined data show that the anchor domain is a critical region for Piezo1-mediated force transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Vero Li
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Lai A, Cox CD, Chandra Sekar N, Thurgood P, Jaworowski A, Peter K, Baratchi S. Mechanosensing by Piezo1 and its implications for physiology and various pathologies. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:604-614. [PMID: 34781417 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel with essential roles in cardiovascular, lung, urinary, and immune functions. Piezo1 is widely distributed in different tissues in the human body and its specific roles have been identified following a decade of research; however, not all are well understood. Many structural and functional characteristics of Piezo1 have been discovered and are known to differ greatly from the characteristics of other mechanosensitive ion channels. Understanding the mechanisms by which this ion channel functions may be useful in determining its physiological roles in various organ systems. This review provides insight into the signalling pathways activated by mechanical stimulation of Piezo1 in various organ systems and cell types. We discuss downstream targets of Piezo1 and the overall effects resulting from Piezo1 activation, which may provide insights into potential treatment targets for diseases involving this ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3053, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3053, Australia
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18
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Zhang Y, Angiulli G, Martinac B, Cox CD, Walz T. Cyclodextrins for structural and functional studies of mechanosensitive channels. J Struct Biol X 2021; 5:100053. [PMID: 34816118 PMCID: PMC8593449 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels that are activated by the 'force-from-lipids' (FFL) principle rest in the membrane in a closed state but open a transmembrane pore in response to changes in the transmembrane pressure profile. The molecular implementations of the FFL principle vary widely between different MS channel families. The function of MS channels is often studied by patch-clamp electrophysiology, in which mechanical force or amphipathic molecules are used to activate the channels. Structural studies of MS channels in states other than the closed resting state typically relied on the use of mutant channels. Cyclodextrins (CDs) were recently introduced as a relatively easy and convenient approach to generate membrane tension. The principle is that CDs chelate hydrophobic molecules and can remove lipids from membranes, thus forcing the remaining lipids to cover more surface area and creating tension for membrane proteins residing in the membranes. CDs can be used to study the structure of MS channels in a membrane under tension by using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to image the channels in nanodiscs after incubation with CDs as well as to characterize the function of MS channels by using patch-clamp electrophysiology to record the effect of CDs on channels inserted into membrane patches excised from proteoliposomes. Importantly, because incubation of membrane patches with CDs results in the activation of MscL, an MS channel that opens only shortly before membrane rupture, CD-mediated lipid removal appears to generate sufficient force to open most if not all types of MS channels that follow the FFL principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Angiulli
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles D. Cox
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Li JV, Ng CA, Cheng D, Zhou Z, Yao M, Guo Y, Yu ZY, Ramaswamy Y, Ju LA, Kuchel PW, Feneley MP, Fatkin D, Cox CD. Modified N-linked glycosylation status predicts trafficking defective human Piezo1 channel mutations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1038. [PMID: 34489534 PMCID: PMC8421374 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins that sense mechanical stimuli. Like most plasma membrane ion channel proteins they must pass through biosynthetic quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum that results in them reaching their destination at the plasma membrane. Here we show that N-linked glycosylation of two highly conserved asparagine residues in the 'cap' region of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels are necessary for the mature protein to reach the plasma membrane. Both mutation of these asparagines (N2294Q/N2331Q) and treatment with an enzyme that hydrolyses N-linked oligosaccharides (PNGaseF) eliminates the fully glycosylated mature Piezo1 protein. The N-glycans in the cap are a pre-requisite for N-glycosylation in the 'propeller' regions, which are present in loops that are essential for mechanotransduction. Importantly, trafficking-defective Piezo1 variants linked to generalized lymphatic dysplasia and bicuspid aortic valve display reduced fully N-glycosylated Piezo1 protein. Thus the N-linked glycosylation status in vitro correlates with efficient membrane trafficking and will aid in determining the functional impact of Piezo1 variants of unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Vero Li
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chai-Ann Ng
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Guo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Ridone P, Pandzic E, Vassalli M, Cox CD, Macmillan A, Gottlieb PA, Martinac B. Disruption of membrane cholesterol organization impairs the activity of PIEZO1 channel clusters. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:151885. [PMID: 32582958 PMCID: PMC7398139 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is gated by membrane tension and regulates essential biological processes such as vascular development and erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Currently, little is known about PIEZO1 plasma membrane localization and organization. Using a PIEZO1-GFP fusion protein, we investigated whether cholesterol enrichment or depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and disruption of membrane cholesterol organization by dynasore affects PIEZO1-GFP's response to mechanical force. Electrophysiological recordings in the cell-attached configuration revealed that MBCD caused a rightward shift in the PIEZO1-GFP pressure-response curve, increased channel latency in response to mechanical stimuli, and markedly slowed channel inactivation. The same effects were seen in native PIEZO1 in N2A cells. STORM superresolution imaging revealed that, at the nanoscale, PIEZO1-GFP channels in the membrane associate as clusters sensitive to membrane manipulation. Both cluster distribution and diffusion rates were affected by treatment with MBCD (5 mM). Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared to sensitize the PIEZO1-GFP response to applied pressure. Together, our results indicate that PIEZO1 function is directly dependent on the membrane composition and lateral organization of membrane cholesterol domains, which coordinate the activity of clustered PIEZO1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ridone
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Charles D Cox
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip A Gottlieb
- Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Boris Martinac
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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21
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Kuchel PW, Cox CD, Daners D, Shishmarev D, Galvosas P. Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13712. [PMID: 34211012 PMCID: PMC8249411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present mathematical simulations of shapes of red blood cells (RBCs) and their cytoskeleton when they are subjected to linear strain. The cell surface is described by a previously reported quartic equation in three dimensional (3D) Cartesian space. Using recently available functions in Mathematica to triangularize the surfaces we computed four types of curvature of the membrane. We also mapped changes in mesh-triangle area and curvatures as the RBCs were distorted. The highly deformable red blood cell (erythrocyte; RBC) responds to mechanically imposed shape changes with enhanced glycolytic flux and cation transport. Such morphological changes are produced experimentally by suspending the cells in a gelatin gel, which is then elongated or compressed in a custom apparatus inside an NMR spectrometer. A key observation is the extent to which the maximum and minimum Principal Curvatures are localized symmetrically in patches at the poles or equators and distributed in rings around the main axis of the strained RBC. Changes on the nanometre to micro-meter scale of curvature, suggest activation of only a subset of the intrinsic mechanosensitive cation channels, Piezo1, during experiments carried out with controlled distortions, which persist for many hours. This finding is relevant to a proposal for non-uniform distribution of Piezo1 molecules around the RBC membrane. However, if the curvature that gates Piezo1 is at a very fine length scale, then membrane tension will determine local curvature; so, curvatures as computed here (in contrast to much finer surface irregularities) may not influence Piezo1 activity. Nevertheless, our analytical methods can be extended address these new mechanistic proposals. The geometrical reorganization of the simulated cytoskeleton informs ideas about the mechanism of concerted metabolic and cation-flux responses of the RBC to mechanically imposed shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Daners
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shishmarev
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Petrik Galvosas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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22
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Guo Y, Yu ZY, Wu J, Gong H, Kesteven S, Iismaa SE, Chan AY, Holman S, Pinto S, Pironet A, Cox CD, Graham RM, Vennekens R, Feneley MP, Martinac B. The Ca 2+-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a positive regulator of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. eLife 2021; 10:66582. [PMID: 34190686 PMCID: PMC8245133 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to pressure overload and remains the single most important clinical predictor of cardiac mortality. The molecular pathways in the induction of pressure overload LVH are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to remove the pressure overload stimulus for LVH, but do not completely reverse adverse cardiac remodelling. Although numerous molecular signalling steps in the induction of LVH have been identified, the initial step by which mechanical stretch associated with cardiac pressure overload is converted into a chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling remains unresolved. In this study, we show that selective deletion of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channels in mouse cardiomyocytes results in an approximately 50% reduction in the LVH induced by transverse aortic constriction. Our results suggest that TRPM4 channel is an important component of the mechanosensory signalling pathway that induces LVH in response to pressure overload and represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the prevention of pathological LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hutao Gong
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea Y Chan
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Holman
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andy Pironet
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Pineda S, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Leimena C, Atkinson AJ, Altekoester AK, Cox CD, Jacoby A, Huttner IG, Ju YK, Soka M, Ohanian M, Trivedi G, Kalvakuri S, Birker K, Johnson R, Molenaar P, Kuchar D, Allen DG, van Helden DF, Harvey RP, Hill AP, Bodmer R, Vogler G, Dobrzynski H, Ocorr K, Fatkin D. Conserved Role of the Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel, K Ca1.1, in Sinus Node Function and Arrhythmia Risk. Circ Genom Precis Med 2021; 14:e003144. [PMID: 33629867 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNMA1 encodes the α-subunit of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa1.1, and lies within a linkage interval for atrial fibrillation (AF). Insights into the cardiac functions of KCa1.1 are limited, and KCNMA1 has not been investigated as an AF candidate gene. METHODS The KCNMA1 gene was sequenced in 118 patients with familial AF. The role of KCa1.1 in normal cardiac structure and function was evaluated in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly. A novel KCNMA1 variant was functionally characterized. RESULTS A complex KCNMA1 variant was identified in 1 kindred with AF. To evaluate potential disease mechanisms, we first evaluated the distribution of KCa1.1 in normal hearts using immunostaining and immunogold electron microscopy. KCa1.1 was seen throughout the atria and ventricles in humans and mice, with strong expression in the sinus node. In an ex vivo murine sinoatrial node preparation, addition of the KCa1.1 antagonist, paxilline, blunted the increase in beating rate induced by adrenergic receptor stimulation. Knockdown of the KCa1.1 ortholog, kcnma1b, in zebrafish embryos resulted in sinus bradycardia with dilatation and reduced contraction of the atrium and ventricle. Genetic inactivation of the Drosophila KCa1.1 ortholog, slo, systemically or in adult stages, also slowed the heartbeat and produced fibrillatory cardiac contractions. Electrophysiological characterization of slo-deficient flies revealed bursts of action potentials, reflecting increased events of fibrillatory arrhythmias. Flies with cardiac-specific overexpression of the human KCNMA1 mutant also showed increased heart period and bursts of action potentials, similar to the KCa1.1 loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to a highly conserved role of KCa1.1 in sinus node function in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly and suggest that KCa1.1 loss of function may predispose to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Christiana Leimena
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Andrew J Atkinson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Altekoester
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Arie Jacoby
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Yue-Kun Ju
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Magdalena Soka
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Monique Ohanian
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Gunjan Trivedi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Sreehari Kalvakuri
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Katja Birker
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Renee Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (P.M.).,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Dennis Kuchar
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
| | - David G Allen
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.F.v.H.)
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Adam P Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.).,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (H.D.)
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
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24
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Silvani G, Romanov V, Cox CD, Martinac B. Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:612151. [PMID: 33614612 PMCID: PMC7891662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Li J, Ann Ng C, Cheng D, Cox CD. Modified N-Linked Glycosylation Status Predicts Trafficking Defective Piezo1 Channel Mutations. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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Romanov V, Silvani G, Zhu H, Cox CD, Martinac B. An Acoustic Platform for Single-Cell, High-Throughput Measurements of the Viscoelastic Properties of Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2005759. [PMID: 33326190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes including adhesion, migration, and differentiation are governed by the distinct mechanical properties of each cell. Importantly, the mechanical properties of individual cells can vary depending on local physical and biochemical cues in a time-dependent manner resulting in significant inter-cell heterogeneity. While several different methods have been developed to interrogate the mechanical properties of single cells, throughput to capture this heterogeneity remains an issue. Here, single-cell, high-throughput characterization of adherent cells is demonstrated using acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS). AFS works by simultaneously, acoustically driving tens to hundreds of silica beads attached to cells away from the cell surface, allowing the user to measure the stiffness of adherent cells under multiple experimental conditions. It is shown that cells undergo marked changes in viscoelasticity as a function of temperature, by altering the temperature within the AFS microfluidic circuit between 21 and 37 °C. In addition, quantitative differences in cells exposed to different pharmacological treatments specifically targeting the membrane-cytoskeleton interface are shown. Further, the high-throughput format of the AFS is utilized to rapidly probe, in excess of 1000 cells, three different cell lines expressing different levels of a mechanosensitive protein, Piezo1, demonstrating the ability to differentiate between cells based on protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Romanov
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Giulia Silvani
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Huiyu Zhu
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
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27
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Buyan A, Cox CD, Barnoud J, Li J, Chan HSM, Martinac B, Marrink SJ, Corry B. Piezo1 Forms Specific, Functionally Important Interactions with Phosphoinositides and Cholesterol. Biophys J 2020; 119:1683-1697. [PMID: 32949489 PMCID: PMC7642233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Touch, hearing, and blood pressure regulation require mechanically gated ion channels that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical currents. One such channel is Piezo1, which plays a key role in the transduction of mechanical stimuli in humans and is implicated in diseases, such as xerocytosis and lymphatic dysplasia. There is building evidence that suggests Piezo1 can be regulated by the membrane environment, with the activity of the channel determined by the local concentration of lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides. To better understand the interaction of Piezo1 with its environment, we conduct simulations of the protein in a complex mammalian bilayer containing more than 60 different lipid types together with electrophysiology and mutagenesis experiments. We find that the protein alters its local membrane composition, enriching specific lipids and forming essential binding sites for phosphoinositides and cholesterol that are functionally relevant and often related to Piezo1-mediated pathologies. We also identify a number of key structural connections between the propeller and pore domains located close to lipid-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Buyan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Barnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah S M Chan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia.
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28
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Lai A, Chen YC, Cox CD, Jaworowski A, Peter K, Baratchi S. Analyzing the shear-induced sensitization of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo-1 in human aortic endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2976-2987. [PMID: 32959903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels mediate endothelial responses to blood flow and orchestrate their physiological function in response to hemodynamic forces. In this study, we utilized microfluidic technologies to study the shear-induced sensitization of endothelial Piezo-1 to its selective agonist, Yoda-1. We demonstrated that shear stress-induced sensitization is brief and can be impaired when exposing aortic endothelial cells to low and proatherogenic levels of shear stress. Our results suggest that shear stress-induced sensitization of Piezo-1 to Yoda-1 is independent of cell-cell adhesion and is mediated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. We also found that shear stress increases the membrane density of Piezo-1 channels in endothelial cells. To further confirm our findings, we performed experiments using a carotid artery ligation mouse model and demonstrated that transient changes in blood-flow pattern, resulting from a high-degree ligation of the mouse carotid artery alters the distribution of Piezo-1 channels across the endothelial layer. These results suggest that shear stress influences the function of Piezo-1 channels via changes in membrane density, providing a new model of shear-stress sensitivity for Piezo-1 ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yung C Chen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Cox CD, Bavi N, Martinac B. Biophysical Principles of Ion-Channel-Mediated Mechanosensory Transduction. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1-12. [PMID: 31577940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in the field of mechanobiology has been driven by novel emerging tools and methodologies and growing interest from different scientific disciplines. Specific progress has been made toward understanding how cell mechanics is linked to intracellular signaling and the regulation of gene expression in response to a variety of mechanical stimuli. There is a direct link between the mechanoreceptors at the cell surface and intracellular biochemical signaling, which in turn controls downstream effector molecules. Among the mechanoreceptors in the cell membrane, mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are essential for the ultra-rapid (millisecond) transduction of mechanical stimuli into biologically relevant signals. The three decades of research on mechanosensitive channels resulted in the formulation of two basic principles of mechanosensitive channel gating: force-from-lipids and force-from-filament. In this review, we revisit the biophysical principles that underlie the innate force-sensing ability of mechanosensitive channels as contributors to the force-dependent evolution of life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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30
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Patkunarajah A, Stear JH, Moroni M, Schroeter L, Blaszkiewicz J, Tearle JLE, Cox CD, Fürst C, Sánchez-Carranza O, Ocaña Fernández MDÁ, Fleischer R, Eravci M, Weise C, Martinac B, Biro M, Lewin GR, Poole K. TMEM87a/Elkin1, a component of a novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway, modulates melanoma adhesion and migration. eLife 2020; 9:53308. [PMID: 32228863 PMCID: PMC7173973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical transduction is a cellular signalling pathway where physical stimuli are converted into electro-chemical signals by mechanically activated ion channels. We describe here the presence of mechanically activated currents in melanoma cells that are dependent on TMEM87a, which we have renamed Elkin1. Heterologous expression of this protein in PIEZO1-deficient cells, that exhibit no baseline mechanosensitivity, is sufficient to reconstitute mechanically activated currents. Melanoma cells lacking functional Elkin1 exhibit defective mechanoelectrical transduction, decreased motility and increased dissociation from organotypic spheroids. By analysing cell adhesion properties, we demonstrate that Elkin1 deletion is associated with increased cell-substrate adhesion and decreased homotypic cell-cell adhesion strength. We therefore conclude that Elkin1 supports a PIEZO1-independent mechanoelectrical transduction pathway and modulates cellular adhesions and regulates melanoma cell migration and cell-cell interactions. When cells receive signals about their surrounding environment, this initiates a chain of signals which generate a response. Some of these signalling pathways allow cells to sense physical and mechanical forces via a process called mechanotransduction. There are different types of mechanotransduction. In one pathway, mechanical forces open up specialized channels on the cell surface which allow charged particles to move across the membrane and create an electrical current. Mechanoelectrical transduction plays an important role in the spread of cancer: as cancer cells move away from a tumour they use these signalling pathways to find their way between cells and move into other parts of the body. Understanding these pathways could reveal ways to stop cancer from spreading, making it easier to treat. However, it remains unclear which molecules regulate mechanoelectrical transduction in cancer cells. Now, Patkunarajah, Stear et al. have studied whether mechanoelectrical transduction is involved in the migration of skin cancer cells. To study mechanoelectrical transduction, a fine mechanical input was applied to the skin cancer cells whilst measuring the flow of charged molecules moving across the membrane. This experiment revealed that a previously unknown protein named Elkin1 is required to convert mechanical forces into electrical currents. Deleting this newly found protein caused skin cancer cells to move more slowly and dissociate more easily from tumour-like clusters of cells. These findings suggest that Elkin1 is part of a newly identified mechanotransduction pathway that allows cells to sense mechanical forces from their surrounding environment. More work is needed to determine what role Elkin1 plays in mechanoelectrical transduction and whether other proteins are also involved. This could lead to new approaches that prevent cancer cells from dissociating from tumours and spreading to other body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Patkunarajah
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey H Stear
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mirko Moroni
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lioba Schroeter
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline LE Tearle
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Carina Fürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | - Raluca Fleischer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Nikolaev Y, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vasquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP Ion Channels are Insensitive to Membrane Stretch. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Xue F, Cox CD, Bavi N, Rohde PR, Nakayama Y, Martinac B. Membrane stiffness is one of the key determinants of E. coli MscS channel mechanosensitivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183203. [PMID: 31981589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels have an intimate relationship with membrane lipids that underlie their mechanosensitivity. Membrane lipids may influence channel activity by directly interacting with MS channels or by influencing the global properties of the membrane such as elastic area expansion modulus or bending rigidity. Previous work has implicated membrane stiffness as a potential determinant of the mechanosensitivity of E. coli (Ec)MscS. Here we systematically tested this hypothesis using patch fluorometry of azolectin liposomes doped with lipids of increasing elastic area expansion modulus. Increasing dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) content of azolectin liposomes made it more difficult to activate EcMscS by membrane tension (i.e. increased gating threshold). This effect was exacerbated by stiffer forms of phosphatidylethanolamine such as the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphoethanolamine (DPhPE) or the fully saturated lipid distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE). Furthermore, a comparison of the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphocholine (DPhPC) to the stiffer DPhPE indicated again that it was harder to activate EcMscS in the presence of the stiffer DPhPE. We show that these effects are not due to changes in membrane bending rigidity as the membrane tension threshold of EcMscS in membranes doped with PC18:1 and PC18:3 remained the same, despite a two-fold difference in their bending rigidity. We also show that after prolonged pressure application sudden removal of force in softer membranes caused a rebound reactivation of EcMscS and we discuss the relevance of this phenomenon to bacterial osmoregulation. Collectively, our data suggests that membrane stiffness (elastic area expansion modulus) is one of the key determinants of the mechanosensitivity of EcMscS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Martinac B, Nikolaev YA, Silvani G, Bavi N, Romanov V, Nakayama Y, Martinac AD, Rohde P, Bavi O, Cox CD. Cell membrane mechanics and mechanosensory transduction. Membrane Biomechanics 2020; 86:83-141. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nikolaev YA, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs238360. [PMID: 31722978 PMCID: PMC6918743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Nikolaev
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Derek R Laver
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Ridone P, Pandzic E, Vassalli M, Cox CD, Macmillan AM, Gottlieb PA, Martinac B. Cholesterol-Dependent Piezo1 Clusters are Essential for Efficient Cellular Mechanotransduction. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fatkin D, Cox CD, Huttner IG, Martinac B. Is There a Role for Genes in Exercise-Induced Atrial Cardiomyopathy? Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:1093-1098. [PMID: 29706494 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In endurance athletes, prolonged high intensity exercise participation can have deleterious effects on the myocardium with subsequent structural and electrical remodelling. In a subset of athletes, there is a predilection for atrial involvement and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increased. The mechanisms underpinning exercise-induced atrial cardiomyopathy have yet to be fully elucidated and the contribution of an individual's genetic makeup is unknown. Some athletes may have rare genetic variants that are sufficient to cause AF irrespective of exercise exposure. In AF-causing variant carriers, the additional haemodynamic stress of exercise on atrial structure and function might accelerate or increase the severity of disease. Variants in genes that lack known links to AF may indirectly promote an arrhythmogenic substrate by affecting threshold levels for exercise-induced myocardial damage and remodelling responses, or by effects on AF-associated co-morbidities, sinus node function, and autonomic nervous system tone. Given the exquisite stress-sensitivity of the atria, mechanosensitive ion channels could plausibly have a key role in mediating exercise effects on atrial structure and function. Knowing an athlete's profile of genetic variants may be useful for AF risk stratification and have implications for clinical management. Pre-participation genetic testing may influence sports choices and facilitate AF prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Bacteria represent one of the most evolutionarily successful groups of organisms to inhabit Earth. Their world is awash with mechanical cues, probably the most ancient form of which are osmotic forces. As a result, they have developed highly robust mechanosensors in the form of bacterial mechanosensitive (MS) channels. These channels are essential in osmoregulation, and in this setting, provide one of the simplest paradigms for the study of mechanosensory transduction. We explore the past, present, and future of bacterial MS channels, including the alternate mechanosensory roles that they may play in complex microbial communities. Central to all of these functions is their ability to change conformation in response to mechanical stimuli. We discuss their gating according to the force-from-lipids principle and its applicability to eukaryotic MS channels. This includes the new paradigms emerging for bilayer-mediated channel mechanosensitivity and how this molecular detail may provide advances in both industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; , , .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; , , .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; , , .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Syeda R, Florendo MN, Cox CD, Kefauver JM, Santos JS, Martinac B, Patapoutian A. Piezo1 Channels Are Inherently Mechanosensitive. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1739-1746. [PMID: 27829145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of mechanical force to chemical signals is critical for many biological processes, including the senses of touch, pain, and hearing. Mechanosensitive ion channels play a key role in sensing the mechanical stimuli experienced by various cell types and are present in organisms from bacteria to mammals. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are characterized thoroughly, but less is known about their counterparts in vertebrates. Piezos have been recently established as ion channels required for mechanotransduction in disparate cell types in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Piezos in heterologous cells gives rise to large mechanically activated currents; however, it is unclear whether Piezos are inherently mechanosensitive or rely on alternate cellular components to sense mechanical stimuli. Here, we show that mechanical perturbations of the lipid bilayer alone are sufficient to activate Piezo channels, illustrating their innate ability as molecular force transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhma Syeda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Maria N Florendo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kefauver
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose S Santos
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Nikolova-Krstevski V, Wagner S, Yu ZY, Cox CD, Cvetkovska J, Hill AP, Huttner IG, Benson V, Werdich AA, MacRae C, Feneley MP, Friedrich O, Martinac B, Fatkin D. Endocardial TRPC-6 Channels Act as Atrial Mechanosensors and Load-Dependent Modulators of Endocardial/Myocardial Cross-Talk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:575-590. [PMID: 30062171 PMCID: PMC6058914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical feedback may increase arrhythmia susceptibility, but the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study showed that mechanical stretch altered the localization, protein levels, and function of the cation-selective transient receptor potential channel (TRPC)-6 in atrial endocardial cells in humans, pigs, and mice. In endocardial/myocardial cross-talk studies, addition of media from porcine atrial endocardium (AE) cells altered the calcium (Ca2+) transient characteristics of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These changes did not occur with media from stretched AE cells. Our data suggested that endocardial TRPC-6-dependent paracrine signaling may modulate myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis under basal conditions and protect against stretch-induced atrial arrhythmias.
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Key Words
- AE, atrial endocardium
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- APB, aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
- Ab, antibody
- CM, cardiomyocyte
- Ca2+, calcium
- Dil-Ac-LDL, dil acetylated−low-density lipoprotein
- ET, endothelin
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- OAG, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
- TAC, thoracic aortic constriction
- TRPC, transient receptor potential channel
- Tet, tetanus toxin
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular global Ca2+
- atrial endocardium
- endothelium
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- mechanical stretch
- transient receptor potential channels
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Soeren Wagner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ze Yan Yu
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmina Cvetkovska
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Benson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calum MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Feneley
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Cox CD, Ann Ng C, Bavi N, Martinac B. Mechanically-Induced Gating in PKD2L1 (Trpp2): Calcium-Induced Activation Masquerading as Force Sensitivity? Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sharifian Gh M, Cox CD, Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. In Vivo Nonlinear Light Scattering Probe of Drug-Induced Activation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channels. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Piezo channels are a ubiquitously expressed, principal type of molecular force sensor in eukaryotes. They enable cells to decode a myriad of physical stimuli and are essential components of numerous mechanosensory processes. Central to their physiological role is the ability to change conformation in response to mechanical force. Here we discuss the evolutionary origin of Piezo in relation to other MS channels in addition to the force that gates Piezo channels. In particular, we discuss whether Piezo channels are inherently mechanosensitive in accordance with the force-from-lipid paradigm which has been firmly established for bacterial MS channels and two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels. We also discuss the evidence supporting a reliance on or direct interaction with structural scaffold proteins of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix according to the force-from-filament principle. In doing so, we explain the false dichotomy that these distinctions represent. We also discuss the possible unifying models that shed light on channel mechanosensitivity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - N Bavi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - B Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Bavi
- a Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- a Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
| | - Eduardo Perozo
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- a Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia.,b St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst , NSW , Australia
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Bavi O, Cox CD, Vossoughi M, Naghdabadi R, Jamali Y, Martinac B. Influence of Global and Local Membrane Curvature on Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: A Finite Element Approach. Membranes (Basel) 2016; 6:membranes6010014. [PMID: 26861405 PMCID: PMC4812420 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are ubiquitous molecular force sensors that respond to a number of different mechanical stimuli including tensile, compressive and shear stress. MS channels are also proposed to be molecular curvature sensors gating in response to bending in their local environment. One of the main mechanisms to functionally study these channels is the patch clamp technique. However, the patch of membrane surveyed using this methodology is far from physiological. Here we use continuum mechanics to probe the question of how curvature, in a standard patch clamp experiment, at different length scales (global and local) affects a model MS channel. Firstly, to increase the accuracy of the Laplace’s equation in tension estimation in a patch membrane and to be able to more precisely describe the transient phenomena happening during patch clamping, we propose a modified Laplace’s equation. Most importantly, we unambiguously show that the global curvature of a patch, which is visible under the microscope during patch clamp experiments, is of negligible energetic consequence for activation of an MS channel in a model membrane. However, the local curvature (RL < 50) and the direction of bending are able to cause considerable changes in the stress distribution through the thickness of the membrane. Not only does local bending, in the order of physiologically relevant curvatures, cause a substantial change in the pressure profile but it also significantly modifies the stress distribution in response to force application. Understanding these stress variations in regions of high local bending is essential for a complete understanding of the effects of curvature on MS channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Bavi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588 Tehran, Iran.
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588 Tehran, Iran.
- Biochemical & Bioenvironmental Research Center (BBRC), 89694-14588 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Naghdabadi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 89694-14588 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Jamali
- Department of Mathematics and Bioscience, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran.
- Computational physical Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Nano-Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Bavi N, Cox CD, Rohde PR, Hill AP, Corry B, Martinac B. The N-Terminal Helix Acts as a Dynamic Membrane Coupler in the Gating Cycle of the Mechanosensitive Channel MscL. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cox CD, Bae C, Ziegler L, Hartley S, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Rohde PR, Ng CA, Sachs F, Gottlieb PA, Martinac B. Removal of the mechanoprotective influence of the cytoskeleton reveals PIEZO1 is gated by bilayer tension. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10366. [PMID: 26785635 PMCID: PMC4735864 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are force-transducing enzymes that couple mechanical stimuli to ion flux. Understanding the gating mechanism of mechanosensitive channels is challenging because the stimulus seen by the channel reflects forces shared between the membrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Here we examine whether the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1 is activated by force-transmission through the bilayer. To achieve this, we generate HEK293 cell membrane blebs largely free of cytoskeleton. Using the bacterial channel MscL, we calibrate the bilayer tension demonstrating that activation of MscL in blebs is identical to that in reconstituted bilayers. Utilizing a novel PIEZO1–GFP fusion, we then show PIEZO1 is activated by bilayer tension in bleb membranes, gating at lower pressures indicative of removal of the cortical cytoskeleton and the mechanoprotection it provides. Thus, PIEZO1 channels must sense force directly transmitted through the bilayer. PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel, but the mechanism of force transduction is unknown. Here Cox and Bae et al. disrupt the cortical cytoskeleton in HEK293 cells to show that PIEZO1 is gated directly by membrane tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Chilman Bae
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Lynn Ziegler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Silas Hartley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | | | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Chai-Ann Ng
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Frederick Sachs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.,The Centre for Single Molecule Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Philip A Gottlieb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.,The Centre for Single Molecule Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Abdulkareem ZA, Gee JM, Cox CD, Wann KT. Knockdown of the small conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels is potently cytotoxic in breast cancer cell lines. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:177-90. [PMID: 26454020 PMCID: PMC4737296 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Small conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa 2.x) channels have a widely accepted canonical function in regulating cellular excitability. In this study, we address a potential non-canonical function of KCa 2.x channels in breast cancer cell survival, using in vitro models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of all KCa 2.x channel isoforms was initially probed using RT-PCR, Western blotting and microarray analysis in five widely studied breast cancer cell lines. In order to assess the effect of pharmacological blockade and siRNA-mediated knockdown of KCa 2.x channels on these cell lines, we utilized MTS proliferation assays and also followed the corresponding expression of apoptotic markers. KEY RESULTS All of the breast cancer cell lines, regardless of their lineage or endocrine responsiveness, were highly sensitive to KCa 2.x channel blockade. UCL1684 caused cytotoxicity, with LD50 values in the low nanomolar range, in all cell lines. The role of KCa 2.x channels was confirmed using pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown. This reduced cell viability and also reduced expression of Bcl-2 but increased expression of active caspase-7 and caspase-9. Complementary to these results, a variety of cell lines can be protected from apoptosis induced by staurosporine using the KCa 2.x channel activator CyPPA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In addition to a well-established role for KCa 2.x channels in migration, blockade of these channels was potently cytotoxic in breast cancer cell lines, pointing to modulation of KCa 2.x channels as a potential therapeutic approach to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Azeez Abdulkareem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Julia Mw Gee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kenneth T Wann
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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Nomura T, Cox CD, Bavi N, Sokabe M, Martinac B. Unidirectional incorporation of a bacterial mechanosensitive channel into liposomal membranes. FASEB J 2015; 29:4334-45. [PMID: 26116700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) plays a crucial role in the protection of bacterial cells against hypo-osmotic shock. The functional characteristics of MscS have been extensively studied using liposomal reconstitution. This is a widely used experimental paradigm and is particularly important for mechanosensitive channels as channel activity can be probed free from cytoskeletal influence. A perpetual issue encountered using this paradigm is unknown channel orientation. Here we examine the orientation of MscS in liposomes formed using 2 ion channel reconstitution methods employing the powerful combination of patch clamp electrophysiology, confocal microscopy, and continuum mechanics simulation. Using the previously determined electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of MscS, we were able to determine that in liposomes, independent of lipid composition, MscS adopts the same orientation seen in native membranes. These results strongly support the idea that these specific methods result in uniform incorporation of membrane ion channels and caution against making assumptions about mechanosensitive channel orientation using the stimulus type alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nomura
- *Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan; St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Charles D Cox
- *Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan; St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Navid Bavi
- *Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan; St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- *Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan; St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Boris Martinac
- *Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division/Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan; St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Shaikh S, Cox CD, Nomura T, Martinac B. Energetics of gating MscS by membrane tension in azolectin liposomes and giant spheroplasts. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:321-6. [PMID: 24758942 DOI: 10.4161/chan.28366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are molecular sensors that detect and transduce signals across prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes arising from external mechanical stimuli or osmotic gradients. They play an integral role in mechanosensory responses including touch, hearing, and proprioception by opening or closing in order to facilitate or prevent the flow of ions and organic osmolytes. In this study we use a linear force model of MS channel gating to determine the gating membrane tension (γ) and the gating area change (ΔA) associated with the energetics of MscS channel gating in giant spheroplasts and azolectin liposomes. Analysis of Boltzmann distribution functions describing the dependence of MscS channel gating on membrane tension indicated that the gating area change (ΔA) was the same for MscS channels recorded in both preparations. The comparison of the membrane tension (γ) gating the channel, however, showed a significant difference between the MscS channel activities in these two preparations.
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