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Hunanyan L, Ghamaryan V, Makichyan A, Popugaeva E. Computer-Based Drug Design of Positive Modulators of Store-Operated Calcium Channels to Prevent Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413618. [PMID: 34948414 PMCID: PMC8707499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) constitutes a fine-tuning mechanism responsible for the replenishment of intracellular stores. Hippocampal SOCE is regulated by store-operated channels (SOC) organized in tripartite complex TRPC6/ORAI2/STIM2. It is suggested that in neurons, SOCE maintains intracellular homeostatic Ca2+ concentration at resting conditions and is needed to support the structure of dendritic spines. Recent evidence suggests that positive modulators of SOC are prospective drug candidates to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at early stages. Although STIM2 and ORAI2 are definitely involved in the regulation of nSOC amplitude and a play major role in AD pathogenesis, growing evidence suggest that it is not easy to target these proteins pharmacologically. Existing positive modulators of TRPC6 are unsuitable for drug development due to either bad pharmacokinetics or side effects. Thus, we concentrate the review on perspectives to develop specific nSOC modulators based on available 3D structures of TRPC6, ORAI2, and STIM2. We shortly describe the structural features of existing models and the methods used to prepare them. We provide commonly used steps applied for drug design based on 3D structures of target proteins that might be used to develop novel AD preventing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lernik Hunanyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan 0051, Armenia; (V.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Viktor Ghamaryan
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan 0051, Armenia; (V.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ani Makichyan
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan 0051, Armenia; (V.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Yang PL, Li XH, Wang J, Ma XF, Zhou BY, Jiao YF, Wang WH, Cao P, Zhu MX, Li PW, Xiao ZH, Li CZ, Guo CR, Lei YT, Yu Y. GSK1702934A and M085 directly activate TRPC6 via a mechanism of stimulating the extracellular cavity formed by the pore helix and transmembrane helix S6. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101125. [PMID: 34461094 PMCID: PMC8458982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, as important membrane proteins regulating intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) signaling, are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Activation and regulation of TRPC are more dependent on membrane or intracellular signals. However, how extracellular signals regulate TRPC6 function remains to be further investigated. Here, we suggest that two distinct small molecules, M085 and GSK1702934A, directly activate TRPC6, both through a mechanism of stimulation of extracellular sites formed by the pore helix (PH) and transmembrane (TM) helix S6. In silico docking scanning of TRPC6 identified three extracellular sites that can bind small molecules, of which only mutations on residues of PH and S6 helix significantly reduced the apparent affinity of M085 and GSK1702934A and attenuated the maximal response of TRPC6 to these two chemicals by altering channel gating of TRPC6. Combing metadynamics, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis, we revealed that W679, E671, E672, and K675 in the PH and N701 and Y704 in the S6 helix constitute an orthosteric site for the recognition of these two agonists. The importance of this site was further confirmed by covalent modification of amino acid residing at the interface of the PH and S6 helix. Given that three structurally distinct agonists M085, GSK1702934A, and AM-0883, act at this site, as well as the occupancy of lipid molecules at this position found in other TRP subfamilies, it is suggested that the cavity formed by the PH and S6 has an important role in the regulation of TRP channel function by extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Ying Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Jiao
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Xi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei-Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Run Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun-Tao Lei
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Shekhar S, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Fang X, Zhang J, Fan L, Zheng B, Roman RJ, Wang Z, Fan F, Booz GW. Novel Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Impact of TRPC6 in Neurovascular Coupling and Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2074. [PMID: 33669830 PMCID: PMC7922996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most disabling diseases and a leading cause of death globally. Despite advances in medical care, the global burden of stroke continues to grow, as no effective treatments to limit or reverse ischemic injury to the brain are available. However, recent preclinical findings have revealed the potential role of transient receptor potential cation 6 (TRPC6) channels as endogenous protectors of neuronal tissue. Activating TRPC6 in various cerebral ischemia models has been found to prevent neuronal death, whereas blocking TRPC6 enhances sensitivity to ischemia. Evidence has shown that Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 activates the cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor linked to neuronal survival. Additionally, TRPC6 activation may counter excitotoxic damage resulting from glutamate release by attenuating the activity of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors of neurons by posttranslational means. Unresolved though, are the roles of TRPC6 channels in non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes and endothelial cells. Moreover, TRPC6 channels may have detrimental effects on the blood-brain barrier, although their exact role in neurovascular coupling requires further investigation. This review discusses evidence-based cell-specific aspects of TRPC6 in the brain to assess the potential targets for ischemic stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Baoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (L.F.); (B.Z.); (R.J.R.); (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
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Nikolaev YA, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs238360. [PMID: 31722978 PMCID: PMC6918743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Nikolaev
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Derek R Laver
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Azumaya CM, Sierra-Valdez F, Cordero-Morales JF, Nakagawa T. Cryo-EM structure of the cytoplasmic domain of murine transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10381-10391. [PMID: 29752403 PMCID: PMC6028952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney maintains the internal milieu by regulating the retention and excretion of proteins, ions, and small molecules. The glomerular podocyte forms the slit diaphragm of the ultrafiltration filter, whose damage leads to progressive kidney failure and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) ion channel is expressed in the podocyte, and mutations in its cytoplasmic domain cause FSGS in humans. In vitro evaluation of disease-causing mutations in TRPC6 has revealed that these genetic alterations result in abnormal ion channel gating. However, the mechanism whereby the cytoplasmic domain modulates TRPC6 function is largely unknown. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of the cytoplasmic domain of murine TRPC6 at 3.8 Å resolution. The cytoplasmic fold of TRPC6 is characterized by an inverted dome-like chamber pierced by four radial horizontal helices that converge into a vertical coiled-coil at the central axis. Unlike other TRP channels, TRPC6 displays a unique domain swap that occurs at the junction of the horizontal helices and coiled-coil. Multiple FSGS mutations converge at the buried interface between the vertical coiled-coil and the ankyrin repeats, which form the dome, suggesting these regions are critical for allosteric gating modulation. This functionally critical interface is a potential target for drug design. Importantly, dysfunction in other family members leads to learning deficits (TRPC1/4/5) and ataxia (TRPC3). Our data provide a structural framework for the mechanistic investigation of the TRPC family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Sierra-Valdez
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
- Center for Structural Biology, and
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
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