1
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Shatz-Binder W, Azumaya CM, Leonard B, Vuong I, Sudhamsu J, Rohou A, Liu P, Sandoval W, Bol K, Izadi S, Holder PG, Blanchette C, Perozzo R, Kelley RF, Kalia Y. Adapting Ferritin, a Naturally Occurring Protein Cage, to Modulate Intrinsic Agonism of OX40. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38592684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ferritin is a multivalent, self-assembling protein scaffold found in most human cell types, in addition to being present in invertebrates, higher plants, fungi, and bacteria, that offers an attractive alternative to polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS). In this study, the utility of the ferritin cage as a DDS was demonstrated within the context of T cell agonism for tumor killing. Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics. These receptors are endogenously activated by trimeric ligands that occur in transmembrane or soluble forms, and oligomerization and cell-surface anchoring have been shown to be essential aspects of the targeted agonism of this receptor class. Here, we demonstrated that the ferritin cage could be easily tailored for multivalent display of anti-OX40 antibody fragments on its surface and determined that these arrays are capable of pathway activation through cell-surface clustering. Together, these results confirm the utility, versatility, and developability of ferritin as a DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brandon Leonard
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexis Rohou
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Liu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karenna Bol
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Business and Program Management, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Saeed Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick G Holder
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Craig Blanchette
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Kelley
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yogeshvar Kalia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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2
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Kennedy MA, Hosford CJ, Azumaya CM, Luyten YA, Chen M, Morgan RD, Stoddard BL. Structures, activity and mechanism of the Type IIS restriction endonuclease PaqCI. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4467-4487. [PMID: 36987874 PMCID: PMC10201449 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IIS restriction endonucleases contain separate DNA recognition and catalytic domains and cleave their substrates at well-defined distances outside their target sequences. They are employed in biotechnology for a variety of purposes, including the creation of gene-targeting zinc finger and TAL effector nucleases and DNA synthesis applications such as Golden Gate assembly. The most thoroughly studied Type IIS enzyme, FokI, has been shown to require multimerization and engagement with multiple DNA targets for optimal cleavage activity; however, details of how it or similar enzymes forms a DNA-bound reaction complex have not been described at atomic resolution. Here we describe biochemical analyses of DNA cleavage by the Type IIS PaqCI restriction endonuclease and a series of molecular structures in the presence and absence of multiple bound DNA targets. The enzyme displays a similar tetrameric organization of target recognition domains in the absence or presence of bound substrate, with a significant repositioning of endonuclease domains in a trapped DNA-bound complex that is poised to deliver the first of a series of double-strand breaks. PaqCI and FokI share similar structural mechanisms of DNA cleavage, but considerable differences in their domain organization and quaternary architecture, facilitating comparisons between distinct Type IIS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Kennedy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle,WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle,WA 98109, USA
| | - Yvette A Luyten
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Minyong Chen
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | | | - Barry L Stoddard
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle,WA 98109, USA
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3
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Li YL, Langley CA, Azumaya CM, Echeverria I, Chesarino NM, Emerman M, Cheng Y, Gross JD. The structural basis for HIV-1 Vif antagonism of human APOBEC3G. Nature 2023; 615:728-733. [PMID: 36754086 PMCID: PMC10033410 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are host antiviral cellular proteins that hypermutate the viral genome of diverse viral families. In retroviruses, this process requires A3 packaging into viral particles1-4. The lentiviruses encode a protein, Vif, that antagonizes A3 family members by targeting them for degradation. Diversification of A3 allows host escape from Vif whereas adaptations in Vif enable cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses. How this 'molecular arms race' plays out at the structural level is unknown. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of human APOBEC3G (A3G) bound to HIV-1 Vif, and the hijacked cellular proteins that promote ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. A small surface explains the molecular arms race, including a cross-species transmission event that led to the birth of HIV-1. Unexpectedly, we find that RNA is a molecular glue for the Vif-A3G interaction, enabling Vif to repress A3G by ubiquitin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results suggest a model in which Vif antagonizes A3G by intercepting it in its most dangerous form for the virus-when bound to RNA and on the pathway to packaging-to prevent viral restriction. By engaging essential surfaces required for restriction, Vif exploits a vulnerability in A3G, suggesting a general mechanism by which RNA binding helps to position key residues necessary for viral antagonism of a host antiviral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline A Langley
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Electron Microscopy Shared Resource, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ignacia Echeverria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Chesarino
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John D Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Gupta M, Azumaya CM, Moritz M, Pourmal S, Diallo A, Merz GE, Jang G, Bouhaddou M, Fossati A, Brilot AF, Diwanji D, Hernandez E, Herrera N, Kratochvil HT, Lam VL, Li F, Li Y, Nguyen HC, Nowotny C, Owens TW, Peters JK, Rizo AN, Schulze-Gahmen U, Smith AM, Young ID, Yu Z, Asarnow D, Billesbølle C, Campbell MG, Chen J, Chen KH, Chio US, Dickinson MS, Doan L, Jin M, Kim K, Li J, Li YL, Linossi E, Liu Y, Lo M, Lopez J, Lopez KE, Mancino A, Moss FR, Paul MD, Pawar KI, Pelin A, Pospiech TH, Puchades C, Remesh SG, Safari M, Schaefer K, Sun M, Tabios MC, Thwin AC, Titus EW, Trenker R, Tse E, Tsui TKM, Wang F, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou F, Zhou Y, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Agard DA, Cheng Y, Fraser JS, Jura N, Kortemme T, Manglik A, Southworth DR, Stroud RM, Swaney DL, Krogan NJ, Frost A, Rosenberg OS, Verba KA. CryoEM and AI reveal a structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2, a multifunctional protein involved in key host processes. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-515215. [PMID: 34031651 PMCID: PMC8142659 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-515215/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp2 has been implicated in a wide range of viral processes, but its exact functions, and the structural basis of those functions, remain unknown. Here, we report an atomic model for full-length Nsp2 obtained by combining cryo-electron microscopy with deep learning-based structure prediction from AlphaFold2. The resulting structure reveals a highly-conserved zinc ion-binding site, suggesting a role for Nsp2 in RNA binding. Mapping emerging mutations from variants of SARS-CoV-2 on the resulting structure shows potential host-Nsp2 interaction regions. Using structural analysis together with affinity tagged purification mass spectrometry experiments, we identify Nsp2 mutants that are unable to interact with the actin-nucleation-promoting WASH protein complex or with GIGYF2, an inhibitor of translation initiation and modulator of ribosome-associated quality control. Our work suggests a potential role of Nsp2 in linking viral transcription within the viral replication-transcription complexes (RTC) to the translation initiation of the viral message. Collectively, the structure reported here, combined with mutant interaction mapping, provides a foundation for functional studies of this evolutionary conserved coronavirus protein and may assist future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Gupta
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Caleigh M. Azumaya
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle Moritz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amy Diallo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gregory E. Merz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Jang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Axel F. Brilot
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Devan Diwanji
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evelyn Hernandez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadia Herrera
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huong T. Kratochvil
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Victor L. Lam
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fei Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Henry C. Nguyen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carlos Nowotny
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tristan W. Owens
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica K. Peters
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandrea N. Rizo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ursula Schulze-Gahmen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amber M. Smith
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iris D. Young
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zanlin Yu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian Billesbølle
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melody G. Campbell
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jen Chen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Un Seng Chio
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Loan Doan
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Junrui Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yen-Li Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edmond Linossi
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxin Liu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jocelyne Lopez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyle E. Lopez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adamo Mancino
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank R. Moss
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael D. Paul
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Komal Ishwar Pawar
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas H. Pospiech
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Soumya Govinda Remesh
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maliheh Safari
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Current affiliation: Beam Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariano C Tabios
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aye C. Thwin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erron W. Titus
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tsz Kin Martin Tsui
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhou
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - David A Agard
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James S Fraser
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The University of California, Berkeley–University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R. Southworth
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert M Stroud
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adam Frost
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kliment A Verba
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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5
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Gupta M, Azumaya CM, Moritz M, Pourmal S, Diallo A, Merz GE, Jang G, Bouhaddou M, Fossati A, Brilot AF, Diwanji D, Hernandez E, Herrera N, Kratochvil HT, Lam VL, Li F, Li Y, Nguyen HC, Nowotny C, Owens TW, Peters JK, Rizo AN, Schulze-Gahmen U, Smith AM, Young ID, Yu Z, Asarnow D, Billesbølle C, Campbell MG, Chen J, Chen KH, Chio US, Dickinson MS, Doan L, Jin M, Kim K, Li J, Li YL, Linossi E, Liu Y, Lo M, Lopez J, Lopez KE, Mancino A, Moss FR, Paul MD, Pawar KI, Pelin A, Pospiech TH, Puchades C, Remesh SG, Safari M, Schaefer K, Sun M, Tabios MC, Thwin AC, Titus EW, Trenker R, Tse E, Tsui TKM, Wang F, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou F, Zhou Y, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Agard DA, Cheng Y, Fraser JS, Jura N, Kortemme T, Manglik A, Southworth DR, Stroud RM, Swaney DL, Krogan NJ, Frost A, Rosenberg OS, Verba KA. CryoEM and AI reveal a structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2, a multifunctional protein involved in key host processes. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.10.443524. [PMID: 34013269 PMCID: PMC8132225 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.10.443524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp2 has been implicated in a wide range of viral processes, but its exact functions, and the structural basis of those functions, remain unknown. Here, we report an atomic model for full-length Nsp2 obtained by combining cryo-electron microscopy with deep learning-based structure prediction from AlphaFold2. The resulting structure reveals a highly-conserved zinc ion-binding site, suggesting a role for Nsp2 in RNA binding. Mapping emerging mutations from variants of SARS-CoV-2 on the resulting structure shows potential host-Nsp2 interaction regions. Using structural analysis together with affinity tagged purification mass spectrometry experiments, we identify Nsp2 mutants that are unable to interact with the actin-nucleation-promoting WASH protein complex or with GIGYF2, an inhibitor of translation initiation and modulator of ribosome-associated quality control. Our work suggests a potential role of Nsp2 in linking viral transcription within the viral replication-transcription complexes (RTC) to the translation initiation of the viral message. Collectively, the structure reported here, combined with mutant interaction mapping, provides a foundation for functional studies of this evolutionary conserved coronavirus protein and may assist future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Gupta
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle Moritz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amy Diallo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gregory E Merz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Jang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Axel F Brilot
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Devan Diwanji
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evelyn Hernandez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadia Herrera
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huong T Kratochvil
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Victor L Lam
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fei Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Henry C Nguyen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carlos Nowotny
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tristan W Owens
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica K Peters
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandrea N Rizo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ursula Schulze-Gahmen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iris D Young
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zanlin Yu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian Billesbølle
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melody G Campbell
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jen Chen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Un Seng Chio
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Loan Doan
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Junrui Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yen-Li Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edmond Linossi
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxin Liu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jocelyne Lopez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyle E Lopez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adamo Mancino
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank R Moss
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael D Paul
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Komal Ishwar Pawar
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas H Pospiech
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Soumya Govinda Remesh
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maliheh Safari
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Current affiliation: Beam Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariano C Tabios
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aye C Thwin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erron W Titus
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tsz Kin Martin Tsui
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhou
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Agard
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James S Fraser
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert M Stroud
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adam Frost
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kliment A Verba
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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6
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Sun M, Azumaya CM, Tse E, Bulkley DP, Harrington MB, Gilbert G, Frost A, Southworth D, Verba KA, Cheng Y, Agard DA. Practical considerations for using K3 cameras in CDS mode for high-resolution and high-throughput single particle cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107745. [PMID: 33984504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Detector technology plays a pivotal role in high-resolution and high-throughput cryo-EM structure determination. Compared with the first-generation, single-electron counting direct detection camera (Gatan K2), the latest K3 camera is faster, larger, and now offers a correlated-double sampling mode (CDS). Importantly this results in a higher DQE and improved throughput compared to its predecessor. In this study, we focused on optimizing camera data collection parameters for daily use within a cryo-EM facility and explored the balance between throughput and resolution. In total, eight data sets of murine heavy-chain apoferritin were collected at different dose rates and magnifications, using 9-hole image shift data collection strategies. The performance of the camera was characterized by the quality of the resultant 3D reconstructions. Our results demonstrated that the Gatan K3 operating in CDS mode outperformed standard (nonCDS) mode in terms of reconstruction resolution in all tested conditions with 8 electrons per pixel per second being the optimal dose rate. At low magnification (64kx) we were able to achieve reconstruction resolutions of 149% of the physical Nyquist limit (1.8 Å with a 1.346 Å physical pixel size). Low magnification allows more particles to be collected per image, aiding analysis of heterogeneous samples requiring large data sets. At moderate magnification (105kx, 0.834 Å physical pixel size) we achieved a resolution of 1.65 Å within 8-h of data collection, a condition optimal for achieving high-resolution on well behaved samples. Our results also show that for an optimal sample like apoferritin, one can achieve better than 2.5 Å resolution with 5 min of data collection. Together, our studies validate the most efficient ways of imaging protein complexes using the K3 direct detector and will greatly benefit the cryo-EM community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Eric Tse
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - David P Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Matthew B Harrington
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Glenn Gilbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Daniel Southworth
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Kliment A Verba
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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7
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Schoof M, Faust B, Saunders RA, Sangwan S, Rezelj V, Hoppe N, Boone M, Billesbølle CB, Puchades C, Azumaya CM, Kratochvil HT, Zimanyi M, Deshpande I, Liang J, Dickinson S, Nguyen HC, Chio CM, Merz GE, Thompson MC, Diwanji D, Schaefer K, Anand AA, Dobzinski N, Zha BS, Simoneau CR, Leon K, White KM, Chio US, Gupta M, Jin M, Li F, Liu Y, Zhang K, Bulkley D, Sun M, Smith AM, Rizo AN, Moss F, Brilot AF, Pourmal S, Trenker R, Pospiech T, Gupta S, Barsi-Rhyne B, Belyy V, Barile-Hill AW, Nock S, Liu Y, Krogan NJ, Ralston CY, Swaney DL, García-Sastre A, Ott M, Vignuzzi M, Walter P, Manglik A. An ultrapotent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by stabilizing inactive Spike. Science 2020; 370:1473-1479. [PMID: 33154106 PMCID: PMC7857409 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters host cells via an interaction between its Spike protein and the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By screening a yeast surface-displayed library of synthetic nanobody sequences, we developed nanobodies that disrupt the interaction between Spike and ACE2. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that one nanobody, Nb6, binds Spike in a fully inactive conformation with its receptor binding domains locked into their inaccessible down state, incapable of binding ACE2. Affinity maturation and structure-guided design of multivalency yielded a trivalent nanobody, mNb6-tri, with femtomolar affinity for Spike and picomolar neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mNb6-tri retains function after aerosolization, lyophilization, and heat treatment, which enables aerosol-mediated delivery of this potent neutralizer directly to the airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schoof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Corresponding author. (M.S.); (P.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Bryan Faust
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reuben A. Saunders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Smriti Sangwan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nick Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgane Boone
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian B. Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caleigh M. Azumaya
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huong T. Kratochvil
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcell Zimanyi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Dickinson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry C. Nguyen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Chio
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory E. Merz
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Thompson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devan Diwanji
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aditya A. Anand
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Niv Dobzinski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth Shoshana Zha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camille R. Simoneau
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer Leon
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kris M. White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Un Seng Chio
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghna Gupta
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bulkley
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amber M. Smith
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandrea N. Rizo
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank Moss
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Axel F. Brilot
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Pospiech
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vladislav Belyy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Silke Nock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corie Y. Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Corresponding author. (M.S.); (P.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Corresponding author. (M.S.); (P.W.); (A.M.)
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8
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Gordon DE, Hiatt J, Bouhaddou M, Rezelj VV, Ulferts S, Braberg H, Jureka AS, Obernier K, Guo JZ, Batra J, Kaake RM, Weckstein AR, Owens TW, Gupta M, Pourmal S, Titus EW, Cakir M, Soucheray M, McGregor M, Cakir Z, Jang G, O'Meara MJ, Tummino TA, Zhang Z, Foussard H, Rojc A, Zhou Y, Kuchenov D, Hüttenhain R, Xu J, Eckhardt M, Swaney DL, Fabius JM, Ummadi M, Tutuncuoglu B, Rathore U, Modak M, Haas P, Haas KM, Naing ZZC, Pulido EH, Shi Y, Barrio-Hernandez I, Memon D, Petsalaki E, Dunham A, Marrero MC, Burke D, Koh C, Vallet T, Silvas JA, Azumaya CM, Billesbølle C, Brilot AF, Campbell MG, Diallo A, Dickinson MS, Diwanji D, Herrera N, Hoppe N, Kratochvil HT, Liu Y, Merz GE, Moritz M, Nguyen HC, Nowotny C, Puchades C, Rizo AN, Schulze-Gahmen U, Smith AM, Sun M, Young ID, Zhao J, Asarnow D, Biel J, Bowen A, Braxton JR, Chen J, Chio CM, Chio US, Deshpande I, Doan L, Faust B, Flores S, Jin M, Kim K, Lam VL, Li F, Li J, Li YL, Li Y, Liu X, Lo M, Lopez KE, Melo AA, Moss FR, Nguyen P, Paulino J, Pawar KI, Peters JK, Pospiech TH, Safari M, Sangwan S, Schaefer K, Thomas PV, Thwin AC, Trenker R, Tse E, Tsui TKM, Wang F, Whitis N, Yu Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Saltzberg D, Hodder AJ, Shun-Shion AS, Williams DM, White KM, Rosales R, Kehrer T, Miorin L, Moreno E, Patel AH, Rihn S, Khalid MM, Vallejo-Gracia A, Fozouni P, Simoneau CR, Roth TL, Wu D, Karim MA, Ghoussaini M, Dunham I, Berardi F, Weigang S, Chazal M, Park J, Logue J, McGrath M, Weston S, Haupt R, Hastie CJ, Elliott M, Brown F, Burness KA, Reid E, Dorward M, Johnson C, Wilkinson SG, Geyer A, Giesel DM, Baillie C, Raggett S, Leech H, Toth R, Goodman N, Keough KC, Lind AL, Klesh RJ, Hemphill KR, Carlson-Stevermer J, Oki J, Holden K, Maures T, Pollard KS, Sali A, Agard DA, Cheng Y, Fraser JS, Frost A, Jura N, Kortemme T, Manglik A, Southworth DR, Stroud RM, Alessi DR, Davies P, Frieman MB, Ideker T, Abate C, Jouvenet N, Kochs G, Shoichet B, Ott M, Palmarini M, Shokat KM, García-Sastre A, Rassen JA, Grosse R, Rosenberg OS, Verba KA, Basler CF, Vignuzzi M, Peden AA, Beltrao P, Krogan NJ. Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science 2020; 370:eabe9403. [PMID: 33060197 PMCID: PMC7808408 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a grave threat to public health and the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the more lethal but less transmissible coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we have carried out comparative viral-human protein-protein interaction and viral protein localization analyses for all three viruses. Subsequent functional genetic screening identified host factors that functionally impinge on coronavirus proliferation, including Tom70, a mitochondrial chaperone protein that interacts with both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b, an interaction we structurally characterized using cryo-electron microscopy. Combining genetically validated host factors with both COVID-19 patient genetic data and medical billing records identified molecular mechanisms and potential drug treatments that merit further molecular and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gordon
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, cedex 15, France
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Braberg
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander S Jureka
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey Z Guo
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jyoti Batra
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robyn M Kaake
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Tristan W Owens
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Meghna Gupta
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erron W Titus
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Merve Cakir
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Jang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tia A Tummino
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Helene Foussard
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ajda Rojc
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dmitry Kuchenov
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiewei Xu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Manon Eckhardt
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Fabius
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Manisha Ummadi
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Beril Tutuncuoglu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ujjwal Rathore
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maya Modak
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paige Haas
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kelsey M Haas
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zun Zar Chi Naing
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ernst H Pulido
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ying Shi
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Eirini Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alistair Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Miguel Correa Marrero
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David Burke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Cassandra Koh
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, cedex 15, France
| | - Jesus A Silvas
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian Billesbølle
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Axel F Brilot
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melody G Campbell
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy Diallo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Devan Diwanji
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadia Herrera
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nick Hoppe
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huong T Kratochvil
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxin Liu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gregory E Merz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle Moritz
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Henry C Nguyen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carlos Nowotny
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandrea N Rizo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ursula Schulze-Gahmen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Beam Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Iris D Young
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Justin Biel
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alisa Bowen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Julian R Braxton
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jen Chen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cynthia M Chio
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Un Seng Chio
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Loan Doan
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan Faust
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sebastian Flores
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Victor L Lam
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fei Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Junrui Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yen-Li Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Li
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyle E Lopez
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arthur A Melo
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank R Moss
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joana Paulino
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Komal Ishwar Pawar
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica K Peters
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas H Pospiech
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maliheh Safari
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Smriti Sangwan
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aye C Thwin
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tsz Kin Martin Tsui
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalie Whitis
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zanlin Yu
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhou
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Saltzberg
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anthony J Hodder
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Romel Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Kehrer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Suzannah Rihn
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Mir M Khalid
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Parinaz Fozouni
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Camille R Simoneau
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohd Anisul Karim
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'ALDO MORO', Via Orabona, 4 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Haupt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - C James Hastie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Matthew Elliott
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Fiona Brown
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kerry A Burness
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Elaine Reid
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mark Dorward
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Clare Johnson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Stuart G Wilkinson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anna Geyer
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daniel M Giesel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Carla Baillie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Samantha Raggett
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hannah Leech
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola Goodman
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - Abigail L Lind
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Kafi R Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Oki
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Kevin Holden
- Synthego Corporation, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Katherine S Pollard
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrej Sali
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James S Fraser
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam Frost
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul Davies
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department to Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'ALDO MORO', Via Orabona, 4 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Département de Virologie, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brian Shoichet
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kliment A Verba
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- QBI Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, cedex 15, France.
| | - Andrew A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- QBI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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9
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Crawford ED, Acosta I, Ahyong V, Anderson EC, Arevalo S, Asarnow D, Axelrod S, Ayscue P, Azimi CS, Azumaya CM, Bachl S, Bachmutsky I, Bhaduri A, Brown JB, Batson J, Behnert A, Boileau RM, Bollam SR, Bonny AR, Booth D, Borja MJB, Brown D, Buie B, Burnett CE, Byrnes LE, Cabral KA, Cabrera JP, Caldera S, Canales G, Castañeda GR, Chan AP, Chang CR, Charles-Orszag A, Cheung C, Chio U, Chow ED, Citron YR, Cohen A, Cohn LB, Chiu C, Cole MA, Conrad DN, Constantino A, Cote A, Crayton-Hall T, Darmanis S, Detweiler AM, Dial RL, Dong S, Duarte EM, Dynerman D, Egger R, Fanton A, Frumm SM, Fu BXH, Garcia VE, Garcia J, Gladkova C, Goldman M, Gomez-Sjoberg R, Gordon MG, Grove JCR, Gupta S, Haddjeri-Hopkins A, Hadley P, Haliburton J, Hao SL, Hartoularos G, Herrera N, Hilberg M, Ho KYE, Hoppe N, Hosseinzadeh S, Howard CJ, Hussmann JA, Hwang E, Ingebrigtsen D, Jackson JR, Jowhar ZM, Kain D, Kim JYS, Kistler A, Kreutzfeld O, Kulsuptrakul J, Kung AF, Langelier C, Laurie MT, Lee L, Leng K, Leon KE, Leonetti MD, Levan SR, Li S, Li AW, Liu J, Lubin HS, Lyden A, Mann J, Mann S, Margulis G, Marquez DM, Marsh BP, Martyn C, McCarthy EE, McGeever A, Merriman AF, Meyer LK, Miller S, Moore MK, Mowery CT, Mukhtar T, Mwakibete LL, Narez N, Neff NF, Osso LA, Oviedo D, Peng S, Phelps M, Phong K, Picard P, Pieper LM, Pincha N, Pisco AO, Pogson A, Pourmal S, Puccinelli RR, Puschnik AS, Rackaityte E, Raghavan P, Raghavan M, Reese J, Replogle JM, Retallack H, Reyes H, Rose D, Rosenberg MF, Sanchez-Guerrero E, Sattler SM, Savy L, See SK, Sellers KK, Serpa PH, Sheehy M, Sheu J, Silas S, Streithorst JA, Strickland J, Stryke D, Sunshine S, Suslow P, Sutanto R, Tamura S, Tan M, Tan J, Tang A, Tato CM, Taylor JC, Tenvooren I, Thompson EM, Thornborrow EC, Tse E, Tung T, Turner ML, Turner VS, Turnham RE, Turocy MJ, Vaidyanathan TV, Vainchtein ID, Vanaerschot M, Vazquez SE, Wandler AM, Wapniarski A, Webber JT, Weinberg ZY, Westbrook A, Wong AW, Wong E, Worthington G, Xie F, Xu A, Yamamoto T, Yang Y, Yarza F, Zaltsman Y, Zheng T, DeRisi JL. Rapid deployment of SARS-CoV-2 testing: The CLIAHUB. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008966. [PMID: 33112933 PMCID: PMC7592773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Crawford
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Irene Acosta
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erika C. Anderson
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shaun Arevalo
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon Axelrod
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Ayscue
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Camillia S. Azimi
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Caleigh M. Azumaya
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Bachl
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iris Bachmutsky
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Bancroft Brown
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua Batson
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Astrid Behnert
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Boileau
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Saumya R. Bollam
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alain R. Bonny
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Booth
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - David Brown
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Buie
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandra E. Burnett
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Byrnes
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katelyn A. Cabral
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joana P. Cabrera
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Saharai Caldera
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Infectious Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Canales
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Agnes Protacio Chan
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Chang
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur Charles-Orszag
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carly Cheung
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Unseng Chio
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Chow
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Y. Rose Citron
- University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Allison Cohen
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lillian B. Cohn
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Experimental Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Chiu
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchel A. Cole
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Conrad
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Constantino
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Cote
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Spyros Darmanis
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Rebekah L. Dial
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shen Dong
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elias M. Duarte
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Dynerman
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Egger
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alison Fanton
- University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stacey M. Frumm
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Becky Xu Hua Fu
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Valentina E. Garcia
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Garcia
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christina Gladkova
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miriam Goldman
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - M. Grace Gordon
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James C. R. Grove
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shweta Gupta
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis Haddjeri-Hopkins
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pierce Hadley
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John Haliburton
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Hao
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - George Hartoularos
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia Herrera
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa Hilberg
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kit Ying E. Ho
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Hoppe
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Conor J. Howard
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Hussmann
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hwang
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle Ingebrigtsen
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julia R. Jackson
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ziad M. Jowhar
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle Kain
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Y. S. Kim
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Kistler
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Oriana Kreutzfeld
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew F. Kung
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Infectious Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Laurie
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lena Lee
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kun Leng
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristoffer E. Leon
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Manuel D. Leonetti
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia R. Levan
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sam Li
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aileen W. Li
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jamin Liu
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heidi S. Lubin
- eSix Development, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Lyden
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Mann
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Mann
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gorica Margulis
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Diana M. Marquez
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan P. Marsh
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Calla Martyn
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. McCarthy
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron McGeever
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Lauren K. Meyer
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Miller
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Megan K. Moore
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cody T. Mowery
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tanzila Mukhtar
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Noelle Narez
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Norma F. Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsay A. Osso
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Diter Oviedo
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Suping Peng
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maira Phelps
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kiet Phong
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Picard
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Pieper
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Neha Pincha
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Angela Pogson
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Elze Rackaityte
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Preethi Raghavan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Madhura Raghavan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Reese
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Replogle
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hanna Retallack
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Helen Reyes
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donald Rose
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marci F. Rosenberg
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sydney M. Sattler
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Savy
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie K. See
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristin K. Sellers
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paula Hayakawa Serpa
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Infectious Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maureen Sheehy
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Sheu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sukrit Silas
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Streithorst
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jack Strickland
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Doug Stryke
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sara Sunshine
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Suslow
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Renaldo Sutanto
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Serena Tamura
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jiongyi Tan
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alice Tang
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cristina M. Tato
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jack C. Taylor
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Thompson
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Edward C. Thornborrow
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Tse
- Joint Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tony Tung
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marc L. Turner
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria S. Turner
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rigney E. Turnham
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary J. Turocy
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Trisha V. Vaidyanathan
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ilia D. Vainchtein
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Manu Vanaerschot
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Vazquez
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anica M. Wandler
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Wapniarski
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James T. Webber
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zara Y. Weinberg
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Westbrook
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Allison W. Wong
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Wong
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gajus Worthington
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Xie
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Albert Xu
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Terrina Yamamoto
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Yang
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fauna Yarza
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yefim Zaltsman
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tina Zheng
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Billesbølle CB, Azumaya CM, Kretsch RC, Powers AS, Gonen S, Schneider S, Arvedson T, Dror RO, Cheng Y, Manglik A. Structure of hepcidin-bound ferroportin reveals iron homeostatic mechanisms. Nature 2020; 586:807-811. [PMID: 32814342 PMCID: PMC7906036 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The serum iron level in humans is tightly controlled by the action of the hormone hepcidin on the iron efflux transporter ferroportin. Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and recycling by inducing ferroportin internalization and degradation1. Aberrant ferroportin activity can lead to diseases of iron overload, like hemochromatosis, or iron limitation anemias2. Here, we determined cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ferroportin in lipid nanodiscs, both in the apo state and in complex with cobalt, an iron mimetic, and hepcidin. These structures and accompanying molecular dynamics simulations identify two metal binding sites within the N- and C-domains of ferroportin. Hepcidin binds ferroportin in an outward-open conformation and completely occludes the iron efflux pathway to inhibit transport. The carboxy-terminus of hepcidin directly contacts the divalent metal in the ferroportin C-domain. We further show that hepcidin binding to ferroportin is coupled to iron binding, with an 80-fold increase in hepcidin affinity in the presence of iron. These results suggest a model for hepcidin regulation of ferroportin, where only iron loaded ferroportin molecules are targeted for degradation. More broadly, our structural and functional insights are likely to enable more targeted manipulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in disorders of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachael C Kretsch
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Powers
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shane Gonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Simon Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tara Arvedson
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Schoof M, Faust B, Saunders RA, Sangwan S, Rezelj V, Hoppe N, Boone M, Billesbølle CB, Puchades C, Azumaya CM, Kratochvil HT, Zimanyi M, Deshpande I, Liang J, Dickinson S, Nguyen HC, Chio CM, Merz GE, Thompson MC, Diwanji D, Schaefer K, Anand AA, Dobzinski N, Zha BS, Simoneau CR, Leon K, White KM, Chio US, Gupta M, Jin M, Li F, Liu Y, Zhang K, Bulkley D, Sun M, Smith AM, Rizo AN, Moss F, Brilot AF, Pourmal S, Trenker R, Pospiech T, Gupta S, Barsi-Rhyne B, Belyy V, Barile-Hill AW, Nock S, Liu Y, Krogan NJ, Ralston CY, Swaney DL, García-Sastre A, Ott M, Vignuzzi M, Walter P, Manglik A. An ultra-potent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by locking Spike into an inactive conformation. bioRxiv 2020:2020.08.08.238469. [PMID: 32817938 PMCID: PMC7430568 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.08.238469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Without an effective prophylactic solution, infections from SARS-CoV-2 continue to rise worldwide with devastating health and economic costs. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into host cells via an interaction between its Spike protein and the host cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Disruption of this interaction confers potent neutralization of viral entry, providing an avenue for vaccine design and for therapeutic antibodies. Here, we develop single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that potently disrupt the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2. By screening a yeast surface-displayed library of synthetic nanobody sequences, we identified a panel of nanobodies that bind to multiple epitopes on Spike and block ACE2 interaction via two distinct mechanisms. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that one exceptionally stable nanobody, Nb6, binds Spike in a fully inactive conformation with its receptor binding domains (RBDs) locked into their inaccessible down-state, incapable of binding ACE2. Affinity maturation and structure-guided design of multivalency yielded a trivalent nanobody, mNb6-tri, with femtomolar affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Spike and picomolar neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mNb6-tri retains stability and function after aerosolization, lyophilization, and heat treatment. These properties may enable aerosol-mediated delivery of this potent neutralizer directly to the airway epithelia, promising to yield a widely deployable, patient-friendly prophylactic and/or early infection therapeutic agent to stem the worst pandemic in a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schoof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Faust
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reuben A. Saunders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Smriti Sangwan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Nick Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgane Boone
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian B. Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puchades
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caleigh M. Azumaya
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huong T. Kratochvil
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcell Zimanyi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Dickinson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry C. Nguyen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Chio
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory E. Merz
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Thompson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devan Diwanji
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Schaefer
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aditya A. Anand
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Niv Dobzinski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth Shoshana Zha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Camille R. Simoneau
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer Leon
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kris M. White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Un Seng Chio
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghna Gupta
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bulkley
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amber M. Smith
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandrea N. Rizo
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank Moss
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Axel F. Brilot
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergei Pourmal
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Pospiech
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vladislav Belyy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Silke Nock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corie Y. Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - QCRG Structural Biology Consortium
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) Coronavirus Research Group Structural Biology Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Azumaya CM, Linton EA, Risener CJ, Nakagawa T, Karakas E. Cryo-EM structure of human type-3 inositol triphosphate receptor reveals the presence of a self-binding peptide that acts as an antagonist. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1743-1753. [PMID: 31915246 PMCID: PMC7008357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-mediated signaling through inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) is essential for the regulation of numerous physiological processes, including fertilization, muscle contraction, apoptosis, secretion, and synaptic plasticity. Deregulation of IP3Rs leads to pathological calcium signaling and is implicated in many common diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. Revealing the mechanism of activation and inhibition of this ion channel will be critical to an improved understanding of the biological processes that are controlled by IP3Rs. Here, we report structural findings of the human type-3 IP3R (IP3R-3) obtained by cryo-EM (at an overall resolution of 3.8 Å), revealing an unanticipated regulatory mechanism where a loop distantly located in the primary sequence occupies the IP3-binding site and competitively inhibits IP3 binding. We propose that this inhibitory mechanism must differ qualitatively among IP3R subtypes because of their diverse loop sequences, potentially serving as a key molecular determinant of subtype-specific calcium signaling in IP3Rs. In summary, our structural characterization of human IP3R-3 provides critical insights into the mechanistic function of IP3Rs and into subtype-specific regulation of these important calcium-regulatory channels.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Calcium Signaling
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/ultrastructure
- Models, Molecular
- Peptides/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M Azumaya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Emily A Linton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Caitlin J Risener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Erkan Karakas
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
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13
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Sierra Valdez FJ, Azumaya CM, Romero LO, Nakagawa T, Cordero-Morales JF. Structural and Functional Analyses of TRPC3 Reveal Allosteric Gating Modulation by the Cytoplasmic Domain. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Sierra-Valdez F, Azumaya CM, Romero LO, Nakagawa T, Cordero-Morales JF. Structure-function analyses of the ion channel TRPC3 reveal that its cytoplasmic domain allosterically modulates channel gating. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16102-16114. [PMID: 30139744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ion channels support Ca2+ permeation in many organs, including the heart, brain, and kidney. Genetic mutations in transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, memory loss, and hypertension. To better understand the conformational changes that regulate TRPC3 function, we solved the cryo-EM structures for the full-length human TRPC3 and its cytoplasmic domain (CPD) in the apo state at 5.8- and 4.0-Å resolution, respectively. These structures revealed that the TRPC3 transmembrane domain resembles those of other TRP channels and that the CPD is a stable module involved in channel assembly and gating. We observed the presence of a C-terminal domain swap at the center of the CPD where horizontal helices (HHs) transition into a coiled-coil bundle. Comparison of TRPC3 structures revealed that the HHs can reside in two distinct positions. Electrophysiological analyses disclosed that shortening the length of the C-terminal loop connecting the HH with the TRP helices increases TRPC3 activity and that elongating the length of the loop has the opposite effect. Our findings indicate that the C-terminal loop affects channel gating by altering the allosteric coupling between the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. We propose that molecules that target the HH may represent a promising strategy for controlling TRPC3-associated neurological disorders and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sierra-Valdez
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | | | - Luis O Romero
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, .,Center for Structural Biology, and.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
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15
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Azumaya CM, Sierra-Valdez F, Cordero-Morales JF, Nakagawa T. Cryo-EM structure of the cytoplasmic domain of murine transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10381-10391. [PMID: 29752403 PMCID: PMC6028952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney maintains the internal milieu by regulating the retention and excretion of proteins, ions, and small molecules. The glomerular podocyte forms the slit diaphragm of the ultrafiltration filter, whose damage leads to progressive kidney failure and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) ion channel is expressed in the podocyte, and mutations in its cytoplasmic domain cause FSGS in humans. In vitro evaluation of disease-causing mutations in TRPC6 has revealed that these genetic alterations result in abnormal ion channel gating. However, the mechanism whereby the cytoplasmic domain modulates TRPC6 function is largely unknown. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of the cytoplasmic domain of murine TRPC6 at 3.8 Å resolution. The cytoplasmic fold of TRPC6 is characterized by an inverted dome-like chamber pierced by four radial horizontal helices that converge into a vertical coiled-coil at the central axis. Unlike other TRP channels, TRPC6 displays a unique domain swap that occurs at the junction of the horizontal helices and coiled-coil. Multiple FSGS mutations converge at the buried interface between the vertical coiled-coil and the ankyrin repeats, which form the dome, suggesting these regions are critical for allosteric gating modulation. This functionally critical interface is a potential target for drug design. Importantly, dysfunction in other family members leads to learning deficits (TRPC1/4/5) and ataxia (TRPC3). Our data provide a structural framework for the mechanistic investigation of the TRPC family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Sierra-Valdez
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
- Center for Structural Biology, and
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
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16
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Azumaya CM, Days EL, Vinson PN, Stauffer S, Sulikowski G, Weaver CD, Nakagawa T. Screening for AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit specific modulators. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174742. [PMID: 28358902 PMCID: PMC5373622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPAR) are ligand gated ion channels critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Their dysfunction is implicated in a variety of psychiatric and neurological diseases ranging from major depressive disorder to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Attempting to potentiate or depress AMPAR activity is an inherently difficult balancing act between effective treatments and debilitating side effects. A newly explored strategy to target subsets of AMPARs in the central nervous system is to identify compounds that affect specific AMPAR-auxiliary subunit complexes. This exploits diverse spatio-temporal expression patterns of known AMPAR auxiliary subunits, providing means for designing brain region-selective compounds. Here we report a high-throughput screening-based pipeline that can identify compounds that are selective for GluA2-CNIH3 and GluA2-stargazin complexes. These compounds will help us build upon the growing library of AMPAR-auxiliary subunit specific inhibitors, which have thus far all been targeted to TARP γ-8. We used a cell-based assay combined with a voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) to identify changes in glutamate-gated cation flow across the membranes of HEK cells co-expressing GluA2 and an auxiliary subunit. We then used a calcium flux assay to further validate hits picked from the VSD assay. VU0612951 and VU0627849 are candidate compounds from the initial screen that were identified as negative and positive allosteric modulators (NAM and PAM), respectively. They both have lower IC50/EC50s on complexes containing stargazin and CNIH3 than GSG1L or the AMPAR alone. We have also identified a candidate compound, VU0539491, that has NAM activity in GluA2(R)-CNIH3 and GluA2(Q) complexes and PAM activity in GluA2(Q)-GSG1L complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M Azumaya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily L Days
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology High Throughput Screening Core, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology High Throughput Screening Core, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shaun Stauffer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gary Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - C David Weaver
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology High Throughput Screening Core, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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17
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Pallan PS, Nagy LD, Lei L, Gonzalez E, Kramlinger VM, Azumaya CM, Wawrzak Z, Waterman MR, Guengerich FP, Egli M. Structural and kinetic basis of steroid 17α,20-lyase activity in teleost fish cytochrome P450 17A1 and its absence in cytochrome P450 17A2. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3248-68. [PMID: 25533464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 17A enzymes play a critical role in the oxidation of the steroids progesterone (Prog) and pregnenolone (Preg) to glucocorticoids and androgens. In mammals, a single enzyme, P450 17A1, catalyzes both 17α-hydroxylation and a subsequent 17α,20-lyase reaction with both Prog and Preg. Teleost fish contain two 17A P450s; zebrafish P450 17A1 catalyzes both 17α-hydroxylation and lyase reactions with Prog and Preg, and P450 17A2 is more efficient in pregnenolone 17α-hydroxylation but does not catalyze the lyase reaction, even in the presence of cytochrome b5. P450 17A2 binds all substrates and products, although more loosely than P450 17A1. Pulse-chase and kinetic spectral experiments and modeling established that the two-step P450 17A1 Prog oxidation is more distributive than the Preg reaction, i.e. 17α-OH product dissociates more prior to the lyase step. The drug orteronel selectively blocked the lyase reaction of P450 17A1 but only in the case of Prog. X-ray crystal structures of zebrafish P450 17A1 and 17A2 were obtained with the ligand abiraterone and with Prog for P450 17A2. Comparison of the two fish P450 17A-abiraterone structures with human P450 17A1 (DeVore, N. M., and Scott, E. E. (2013) Nature 482, 116-119) showed only a few differences near the active site, despite only ∼50% identity among the three proteins. The P450 17A2 structure differed in four residues near the heme periphery. These residues may allow the proposed alternative ferric peroxide mechanism for the lyase reaction, or residues removed from the active site may allow conformations that lead to the lyase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Pallan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Leslie D Nagy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Li Lei
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Eric Gonzalez
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Valerie M Kramlinger
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Caleigh M Azumaya
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- the Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Sector 21, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Michael R Waterman
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Martin Egli
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
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