1
|
Bai W, Guo T, Wang H, Li B, Sun Q, Wu W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Luo J, Zhu M, Lu J, Li P, Dong B, Han S, Pang X, Zhang G, Bai Y, Wang S. S-nitrosylation of AMPKγ impairs coronary collateral circulation and disrupts VSMC reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:128-143. [PMID: 38177907 PMCID: PMC10897329 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Collateral circulation is essential for blood resupply to the ischemic heart, which is dictated by the contractile phenotypic restoration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here we investigate whether S-nitrosylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of the VSMC phenotype, impairs collateral circulation. In rats with collateral growth and development, nitroglycerin decreases coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF), inhibits vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, and increases myocardial infarct size, accompanied by reduced AMPK activity in the collateral zone. Nitric oxide (NO) S-nitrosylates human recombinant AMPKγ1 at cysteine 131 and decreases AMP sensitivity of AMPK. In VSMCs, exogenous expression of S-nitrosylation-resistant AMPKγ1 or deficient NO synthase (iNOS) prevents the disruption of VSMC reprogramming. Finally, hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia increases AMPKγ1 S-nitrosylation, prevents vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, reduces CCBF, and increases the infarct size of the heart in Apoe-/- mice, all of which is rescued in Apoe-/-/iNOSsm-/- mice or Apoe-/- mice with enforced expression of the AMPKγ1-C130A mutant following RI/MI. We conclude that nitrosative stress disrupts coronary collateral circulation during hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia through AMPK S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Bai
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanzhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jipeng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingmin Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Moli Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Junxiu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Han
- Department of Cardiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyan Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faber JE, Zhang H, Xenakis JG, Bell TA, Hock P, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Ferris MT, Rzechorzek W. Large differences in collateral blood vessel abundance among individuals arise from multiple genetic variants. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1983-2004. [PMID: 37572089 PMCID: PMC10676139 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231194956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Collateral blood flow varies greatly among humans for reasons that remain unclear, resulting in significant differences in ischemic tissue damage. A similarly large variation has also been found in mice that is caused by genetic background-dependent differences in the extent of collateral formation, termed collaterogenesis-a unique angiogenic process that occurs during development and determines collateral number and diameter in the adult. Previous studies have identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to this variation. However, understanding has been hampered by the use of closely related inbred strains that do not model the wide genetic variation present in the "outbred" human population. The Collaborative Cross (CC) multiparent mouse genetic reference panel was developed to address this limitation. Herein we measured the number and average diameter of cerebral collaterals in 60 CC strains, their 8 founder strains, 8 F1 crosses of CC strains selected for abundant versus sparse collaterals, and 2 intercross populations created from the latter. Collateral number evidenced 47-fold variation among the 60 CC strains, with 14% having poor, 25% poor-to-intermediate, 47% intermediate-to-good, and 13% good collateral abundance, that was associated with large differences in post-stroke infarct volume. Collateral number in skeletal muscle and intestine of selected high- and low-collateral strains evidenced the same relative abundance as in brain. Genome-wide mapping demonstrated that collateral abundance is a highly polymorphic trait. Subsequent analysis identified: 6 novel QTL circumscribing 28 high-priority candidate genes harboring putative loss-of-function polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low collateral number; 335 predicted-deleterious SNPs present in their human orthologs; and 32 genes associated with vascular development but lacking protein coding variants. Six additional suggestive QTL (LOD > 4.5) were also identified in CC-wide QTL mapping. This study provides a comprehensive set of candidate genes for future investigations aimed at identifying signaling proteins within the collaterogenesis pathway whose variants potentially underlie genetic-dependent collateral insufficiency in brain and other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James G Xenakis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wojciech Rzechorzek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Ni J, Wang A, Zhang R, Wang L. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) Regulates Hepatic Lipid and Glycogen Metabolism in Schizothorax prenanti. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15171. [PMID: 37894852 PMCID: PMC10606705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays important roles in angiogenesis, inflammatory response as well as energy metabolism in mammals. However, its effect on glycolipid metabolism in fish has not been reported. In this study, we cloned and characterized the vegfa gene of Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti). vegfa expression was significantly higher in liver and muscle than that in other tissues. Then, the VEGFA recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and obtained after purification. VEGFA i.p. injection significantly increased the serum glucose and TG content compared with the control group. Moreover, VEGFA protein aggravated the glycogen and lipid deposition in the liver of S. prenanti. In addition, we found that VEGFA treatment increased hepatocyte glycogen and lipid droplet content and increased the levels of pAMPKα (T172). Furthermore, AMPKα inhibition attenuated the ability of VEGFA to induce TG and glycogen accumulation. These results demonstrate that VEGFA regulates hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism through AMPKα in S. prenanti, which may contribute to a better understanding of VEGFA functions in the glycolipid metabolism of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.N.); (A.W.); (R.Z.); (L.W.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Faber JE, Zhang H, Xenakis JG, Bell TA, Hock P, de Villena FPM, Ferris MT, Rzechorzek W. Large differences in collateral blood vessel abundance among individuals arise from multiple genetic variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.28.542633. [PMID: 37398475 PMCID: PMC10312463 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.542633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Collateral blood flow varies greatly among humans for reasons that remain unclear, resulting in significant differences in ischemic tissue damage. A similarly large variation has also been found in mice that is caused by genetic background-dependent differences in the extent of collateral formation, termed collaterogenesis-a unique angiogenic process that occurs during development and determines collateral number and diameter in the adult. Previous studies have identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to this variation. However, understanding has been hampered by the use of closely related inbred strains that do not model the wide genetic variation present in the "outbred" human population. The Collaborative Cross (CC) multiparent mouse genetic reference panel was developed to address this limitation. Herein we measured the number and average diameter of cerebral collaterals in 60 CC strains, their 8 founder strains, 8 F1 crosses of CC strains selected for abundant versus sparse collaterals, and 2 intercross populations created from the latter. Collateral number evidenced 47-fold variation among the 60 CC strains, with 14% having poor, 25% poor-to-intermediate, 47% intermediate-to-good, and 13% good collateral abundance, that was associated with large differences in post-stroke infarct volume. Genome-wide mapping demonstrated that collateral abundance is a highly polymorphic trait. Subsequent analysis identified: 6 novel QTL circumscribing 28 high-priority candidate genes harboring putative loss-of-function polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low collateral number; 335 predicted-deleterious SNPs present in their human orthologs; and 32 genes associated with vascular development but lacking protein coding variants. This study provides a comprehensive set of candidate genes for future investigations aimed at identifying signaling proteins within the collaterogenesis pathway whose variants potentially underlie genetic-dependent collateral insufficiency in brain and other tissues.
Collapse
|
5
|
Steppan J, Nandakumar K, Wang H, Jang R, Smith L, Kang S, Savage W, Bauer M, Choi R, Brady T, Wodu BP, Scafidi S, Scafidi J, Santhanam L. Neonatal exposure to hypoxia induces early arterial stiffening via activation of lysyl oxidases. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15656. [PMID: 37038896 PMCID: PMC10086679 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in the neonatal period is associated with early manifestations of adverse cardiovascular health in adulthood including higher risk of hypertension and atherosclerosis. We hypothesize that this occurs due to activation of lysyl oxidases (LOXs) and the remodeling of the large conduit vessels, leading to early arterial stiffening. Newborn C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 = 11.5%) from postnatal day 1 (P1) to postnatal day 11 (P11), followed by resumption of normoxia. Controls were maintained in normoxia. Using in vivo (pulse wave velocity; PWV) and ex vivo (tensile testing) arterial stiffness indexes, we determined that mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia had significantly higher arterial stiffness compared with normoxia controls by young adulthood (P60), and it increased further by P120. Echocardiography performed at P60 showed that mice exposed to hypoxia displayed a compensated dilated cardiomyopathy. Western blotting revelated that neonatal hypoxia accelerated age-related increase in LOXL2 protein expression in the aorta and elevated LOXL2 expression in the PA at P11 with a delayed decay toward normoxic controls. In the heart and lung, gene and protein expression of LOX/LOXL2 were upregulated at P11, with a delayed decay when compared to normoxic controls. Neonatal hypoxia results in a significant increase in arterial stiffness in early adulthood due to aberrant LOX/LOXL2 expression. This suggests an acceleration in the mechanical decline of the cardiovascular system, that contributes to increased risk of hypertension in young adults exposed to neonatal hypoxia that may increase susceptibility to further insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kavitha Nandakumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rosie Jang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Logan Smith
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sara Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - William Savage
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Maria Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rira Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Travis Brady
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Bulouere Princess Wodu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Michael V. Johnston Center for Developmental NeuroscienceKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Enrick M, Jamaiyar A, Ohanyan V, Juguilon C, Kolz C, Shi X, Janota D, Wan W, Richardson D, Stevanov K, Hakobyan T, Shockling L, Diaz A, Usip S, Dong F, Zhang P, Chilian WM, Yin L. The Roles of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Coronary Collateral Growth Induced by Repetitive Ischemia. Cells 2023; 12:242. [PMID: 36672176 PMCID: PMC9856468 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinical trials have attempted to use stem cells to treat ischemic heart diseases (IHD), but the benefits have been modest. Though coronary collaterals can be a "natural bypass" for IHD patients, the regulation of coronary collateral growth (CCG) and the role of endogenous stem cells in CCG are not fully understood. In this study, we used a bone marrow transplantation scheme to study the role of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in a rat model of CCG. Transgenic GFP rats were used to trace BMSCs after transplantation; GFP bone marrow was harvested or sorted for bone marrow transplantation. After recovering from transplantation, the recipient rats underwent 10 days of repetitive ischemia (RI), with echocardiography before and after RI, to measure cardiac function and myocardial blood flow. At the end of RI, the rats were sacrificed for the collection of bone marrow for flow cytometry or heart tissue for imaging analysis. Our study shows that upon RI stimulation, BMSCs homed to the recipient rat hearts' collateral-dependent zone (CZ), proliferated, differentiated into endothelial cells, and engrafted in the vascular wall for collateral growth. These RI-induced collaterals improved coronary blood flow and cardiac function in the recipients' hearts during ischemia. Depletion of donor CD34+ BMSCs led to impaired CCG in the recipient rats, indicating that this cell population is essential to the process. Overall, these results show that BMSCs contribute to CCG and suggest that regulation of the function of BMSCs to promote CCG might be a potential therapeutic approach for IHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Anurag Jamaiyar
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Cody Juguilon
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Christopher Kolz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Danielle Janota
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Devan Richardson
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kelly Stevanov
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Tatevik Hakobyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Lindsay Shockling
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Arianna Diaz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Sharon Usip
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - William M. Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan H, Liu J, Gu Y, Ji X, Nan G. Intermittent hypoxia conditioning as a potential prevention and treatment strategy for ischemic stroke: Current evidence and future directions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1067411. [PMID: 36507357 PMCID: PMC9732261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1067411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Owing to the aging population and unhealthy lifestyles, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is high. Vascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Therefore, in addition to timely and effective reperfusion therapy for IS, it is crucial to actively control these risk factors to reduce the incidence and recurrence rates of IS. Evidence from human and animal studies suggests that moderate intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure is a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate common vascular risk factors and comorbidities. Given the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IS, effective treatment must focus on reducing injury in the acute phase and promoting repair in the recovery phase. Therefore, this review discusses the preclinical perspectives on IH conditioning as a potential treatment for neurovascular injury and highlights IH pre and postconditioning strategies for IS. Hypoxia conditioning reduces brain injury by increasing resistance to acute ischemic and hypoxic stress, exerting neuroprotective effects, and promoting post-injury repair and regeneration. However, whether IH produces beneficial effects depends not only on the hypoxic regimen but also on inter-subject differences. Therefore, we discuss the factors that may influence the effectiveness of IH treatment, including age, sex, comorbidities, and circadian rhythm, which can be used to help identify the optimal intervention population and treatment protocols for more accurate, individualized clinical translation. In conclusion, IH conditioning as a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, systemic, and multi-targeted intervention can not only reduce brain damage after stroke but can also be applied to the prevention and functional recovery of IS, providing brain protection at different stages of the disease. It represents a promising therapeutic strategy. For patients with IS and high-risk groups, IH conditioning is expected to develop as an adjunctive clinical treatment option to reduce the incidence, recurrence, disability, and mortality of IS and to reduce disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Gu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xunming Ji,
| | - Guangxian Nan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Guangxian Nan,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong K, Tao Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang P. Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Immune-Related Gene Signature in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850669. [PMID: 35497331 PMCID: PMC9043362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a common malignant cancer worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the main type of EC, is difficult to treat because of the widespread morbidity, high fatality rates, and low quality of life caused by postoperative complications and no specific molecular target. In this study, we screened genes to establish a prognostic model for ESCC. The transcriptome expression profiles of 81 ESCC tissues and 340 normal esophageal mucosal epithelium tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) cohorts. The transcriptome expression datasets of 19 esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines were downloaded from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The R software Limma package was used to identify 6,231 differentially expressed genes and 647 differentially expressed immune-related genes between normal and ESCC tissues. Gene functional analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen out 18 immune-related prognostic genes. We then established the prognostic and risk signature using these genes, and the patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. Compared with high-risk group patients, the low-risk group patients had longer overall survival. M1 macrophages and resting dendritic cells were differentially distributed between the low-risk and high-risk groups and were related to patient survival. We also examined the functional immune cell and immune molecule levels in low-risk and high-risk group patients, with significant differences in the tumor microenvironment between the two groups. To further verify the accuracy of the prognostic risk model, we performed area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The AUC value was 0.931 for the prognostic risk, which was better than the microsatellite instability (MSI) and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. In conclusion, we found 18 immune-related prognostic genes related to the occurrence of ESCC and established a prognostic model for predicting disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyou Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The essential role for endothelial cell sprouting in coronary collateral growth. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:158-171. [PMID: 35074317 PMCID: PMC8940680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Coronary collateral growth is a natural bypass for ischemic heart diseases. It offers tremendous therapeutic benefit, but the process of coronary collateral growth isincompletely understood due to limited preclinical murine models that would enable interrogation of its mechanisms and processes via genetic modification and lineage tracing. Understanding the processes by which coronary collaterals develop can unlock new therapeutic strategies for ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE To develop a murine model of coronary collateral growth by repetitive ischemia and investigate whether capillary endothelial cells could contribute to the coronary collateral formation in an adult mouse heart after repetitive ischemia by lineage tracing. METHODS AND RESULTS A murine model of coronary collateral growth was developed using short episodes of repetitive ischemia. Repetitive ischemia stimulation resulted in robust collateral growth in adult mouse hearts, validated by high-resolution micro-computed tomography. Repetitive ischemia-induced collateral formation compensated ischemia caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Cardiac function improved during ischemia after repetitive ischemia, suggesting the improvement of coronary blood flow. A capillary-specific Cre driver (Apln-CreER) was used for lineage tracing capillary endothelial cells. ROSA mT/mG reporter mice crossed with the Apln-CreER transgene mice underwent a 17 days' repetitive ischemia protocol for coronary collateral growth. Two-photon and confocal microscopy imaging of heart slices revealed repetitive ischemia-induced coronary collateral growth initiated from sprouting Apelin+ endothelial cells. Newly formed capillaries in the collateral-dependent zone expanded in diameter upon repetitive ischemia stimulation and arterialized with smooth muscle cell recruitment, forming mature coronary arteries. Notably, pre-existing coronary arteries and arterioles were not Apelin+, and all Apelin+ collaterals arose from sprouting capillaries. Cxcr4, Vegfr2, Jag1, Mcp1, and Hif1⍺ mRNA levels in the repetitive ischemia-induced hearts were also upregulated at the early stage of coronary collateral growth, suggesting angiogenic signaling pathways are activated for coronary collaterals formation during repetitive ischemia. CONCLUSIONS We developed a murine model of coronary collateral growth induced by repetitive ischemia. Our lineage tracing study shows that sprouting endothelial cells contribute to coronary collateral growth in adult mouse hearts. For the first time, sprouting angiogenesis is shown to give rise to mature coronary arteries in response to repetitive ischemia in the adult mouse hearts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gumusoglu S, Scroggins S, Vignato J, Santillan D, Santillan M. The Serotonin-Immune Axis in Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:37. [PMID: 34351543 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature and detail the potential immune mechanisms by which hyperserotonemia may drive pro-inflammation in preeclampsia and to provide insights into potential avenues for therapeutic discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Preeclampsia is a severe hypertensive complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal risk. Though it lacks any effective treatment aside from delivery of the fetus and placenta, recent work suggests that targeting serotonin systems may be one effective therapeutic avenue. Serotonin dysregulation underlies multiple domains of physiologic dysfunction in preeclampsia, including vascular hyporeactivity and excess platelet aggregation. Broadly, serotonin is increased across maternal and placental domains, driven by decreased catabolism and increased availability of tryptophan precursor. Pro-inflammation, another hallmark of the disease, may drive hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia. Interactions between immunologic dysfunction and hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia depend on multiple mechanisms, which we discuss in the present review. These include altered immune cell, kynurenine pathway metabolism, and aberrant cytokine production mechanisms, which we detail. Future work may leverage animal and in vitro models to reveal serotonin targets in the context of preeclampsia's immune biology, and ultimately to mitigate vascular and platelet dysfunction in the disease. Hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia drives pro-inflammation via metabolic, immune cell, and cytokine-based mechanisms. These immune mechanisms may be targeted to treat vascular and platelet endophenotypes in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie Vignato
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Donna Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mallet RT, Burtscher J, Richalet JP, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Impact of High Altitude on Cardiovascular Health: Current Perspectives. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:317-335. [PMID: 34135590 PMCID: PMC8197622 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s294121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, about 400 million people reside at terrestrial altitudes above 1500 m, and more than 100 million lowlanders visit mountainous areas above 2500 m annually. The interactions between the low barometric pressure and partial pressure of O2, climate, individual genetic, lifestyle and socio-economic factors, as well as adaptation and acclimatization processes at high elevations are extremely complex. It is challenging to decipher the effects of these myriad factors on the cardiovascular health in high altitude residents, and even more so in those ascending to high altitudes with or without preexisting diseases. This review aims to interpret epidemiological observations in high-altitude populations; present and discuss cardiovascular responses to acute and subacute high-altitude exposure in general and more specifically in people with preexisting cardiovascular diseases; the relations between cardiovascular pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases at altitude; the effects of high-altitude exercise; and the putative cardioprotective mechanisms of hypobaric hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Richalet
- Laboratoire Hypoxie & Poumon, UMR Inserm U1272, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord 13, Bobigny Cedex, F-93017, France
| | - Gregoire P Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, Mieming, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu T, Wu Z, Liu J, Lv Y, Li W. Metabolic syndrome and its components reduce coronary collateralization in chronic total occlusion: An observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:104. [PMID: 33971883 PMCID: PMC8111979 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an independent risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether or to what extent MetS and its components was associated with coronary collateralization (CC) in chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods This study involved 1653 inpatients with CTO. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by cardiovascular doctors. The CC condition was defined by the Rentrop scoring system. Subgroup analysis, mixed model regression analysis, scoring systems and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results Overall, 1653 inpatients were assigned to the poor CC group (n = 355) and good CC group (n = 1298) with or without MetS. Compared to the good CCs, the incidence of MetS was higher among the poor CCs for all patients. Poor collateralization was present in 7.6%, 14.2%, 19.3%, 18.2%, 35.6% and 51.1% of the six groups who met the diagnostic criteria of MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times, respectively. For multivariable logistic regression, quartiles of BMI remained the risk factors for CC growth in all subgroups (adjusted OR = 1.755, 95% CI 1.510–2.038, P < 0.001 all patients; adjusted OR = 1.897, 95% CI 1.458–2.467, P < 0.001 non-MetS; and adjusted OR = 1.814, 95% CI 1.482–2.220, P < 0.001 MetS). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, MetS was an independent risk factor for CC growth in several models. Assigning a score of one for each component, the AUCs were 0.629 (95% CI 0.595–0.662) in all patients, 0.656 (95% CI 0.614–0.699) in MetS patients and 0.569 (95% CI 0.517–0.621) in non-MetS patients by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusions MetS, especially body mass index, confers a greater risk of CC formation in CTO. The value of scoring systems should be explored further for CTO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Red-Horse K, Das S. New Research Is Shining Light on How Collateral Arteries Form in the Heart: a Future Therapeutic Direction? Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 33655379 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Collateral arteries create artery-artery anastomoses that could serve as natural bypasses that in the heart could relieve the various complications of ischemia heart disease. Recent work using animal models have begun to reveal details of how coronary collateral arteries form. RECENT FINDINGS Mouse genetics has been used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of collateral artery development. Collateral arteries are not pre-existing in the mouse heart, and only form in response to injury. Myocardial infarction creates tissue hypoxia that triggers the expression of growth factors and chemokines that guide collaterogenesis. Collateral development is more robust in neonatal hearts when compared with adults, and contributes to neonatal heart regeneration. The identification of signaling pathways and cellular responses underlying coronary collateral artery development suggests potential translational strategies. Continued investigation into this subject could lead to the identification of targetable pathways that induce collateral arteries for cardiac revascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Soumyashree Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rigano A, Ehmsen S, Öztürk SU, Ryan J, Balashov A, Hammer M, Kirli K, Boehm U, Brown CM, Bellve K, Chambers JJ, Cosolo A, Coleman RA, Faklaris O, Fogarty KE, Guilbert T, Hamacher AB, Itano MS, Keeley DP, Kunis S, Lacoste J, Laude A, Ma WY, Marcello M, Montero-Llopis P, Nelson G, Nitschke R, Pimentel JA, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Park PJ, Alver BH, Grunwald D, Strambio-De-Castillia C. Micro-Meta App: an interactive tool for collecting microscopy metadata based on community specifications. Nat Methods 2021; 18:1489-1495. [PMID: 34862503 PMCID: PMC8648560 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For quality, interpretation, reproducibility and sharing value, microscopy images should be accompanied by detailed descriptions of the conditions that were used to produce them. Micro-Meta App is an intuitive, highly interoperable, open-source software tool that was developed in the context of the 4D Nucleome (4DN) consortium and is designed to facilitate the extraction and collection of relevant microscopy metadata as specified by the recent 4DN-BINA-OME tiered-system of Microscopy Metadata specifications. In addition to substantially lowering the burden of quality assurance, the visual nature of Micro-Meta App makes it particularly suited for training purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rigano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Shannon Ehmsen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Serkan Utku Öztürk
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joel Ryan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Alexander Balashov
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mathias Hammer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Koray Kirli
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ulrike Boehm
- grid.443970.dJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA USA
| | - Claire M. Brown
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Karl Bellve
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - James J. Chambers
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Andrea Cosolo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert A. Coleman
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin E. Fogarty
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna B. Hamacher
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michelle S. Itano
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC Neuroscience Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Daniel P. Keeley
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC Neuroscience Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Susanne Kunis
- grid.10854.380000 0001 0672 4366Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Alex Laude
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Bioimaging Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Willa Y. Ma
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC Neuroscience Microscopy Core Facility, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Marco Marcello
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Center for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Montero-Llopis
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMicroscopy Resources of the North Quad, University of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Glyn Nelson
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Bioimaging Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roland Nitschke
- grid.5963.9Life Imaging Center and Signalling Research Centres CIBSS and BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jaime A. Pimentel
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter J. Park
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Burak H. Alver
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - David Grunwald
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|