1
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Ozerov MY, Noreikiene K, Kahar S, Flajšhans M, Gross R, Vasemägi A. Differential expression and alternative splicing analyses of multiple tissues reveal albinism-associated genes in the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110941. [PMID: 38218377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Albinism is a widespread departure from a typical body colouration due to altered melanin production. The Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) is among the largest freshwater fish species in the world, and albino individuals occur both in the wild and in aquaculture. Here, we performed transcriptome-wide analysis of albino and normally pigmented S. glanis using four tissues (skin, dorsal fin, whole eye and liver) to identify genes associated with albinism by exploring patterns of differential expression (DE) and differential alternative splicing (DAS). Multi-tissue analyses revealed a large number of genes in skin (n = 1355) and fin (n = 614) tissue associated with the albino phenotype in S. glanis, while the number of DE genes in eye and liver tissues was lower (n = 188, n = 189, respectively). Several DE genes across multiple tissues were detected as the most promising candidates (e.g., hsp4, hsp90b1, raph1, uqcrfs1, adcy-family and wnt-family) potentially causally linked to the albino phenotype in Wels catfish. Moreover, our findings supported earlier observations of physiological differences between albino and normally pigmented individuals, particularly in energy metabolism and immune response. In contrast, there were only a few pigmentation-related genes observed among DAS genes (4 in skin, 2 in fin), the overlap between DAS and DE genes was low (n = 25) and did not include known pigmentation-related genes. This suggests that DAS and DE in Wels catfish are, to a large extent, independent processes, and the observed alternative splicing cases are probably not causally linked with albinism in S. glanis. This work provides the first transcriptome-wide multi-tissue insights into the albinism of Wels catfish and serves as a valuable resource for further understanding the genetic mechanisms of pigmentation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ozerov
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - K Noreikiene
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Botany and Genetics, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania. https://twitter.com/snaudale
| | - S Kahar
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Flajšhans
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R Gross
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Vasemägi
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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2
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Pennamen P, Le L, Tingaud-Sequeira A, Fiore M, Bauters A, Van Duong Béatrice N, Coste V, Bordet JC, Plaisant C, Diallo M, Michaud V, Trimouille A, Lacombe D, Lasseaux E, Delevoye C, Picard FM, Delobel B, Marks MS, Arveiler B. BLOC1S5 pathogenic variants cause a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Genet Med 2020; 22:1613-1622. [PMID: 32565547 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, excessive bleeding, and often additional symptoms. Variants in ten different genes have been involved in HPS. However, some patients lack variants in these genes. We aimed to identify new genes involved in nonsyndromic or syndromic forms of albinism. METHODS Two hundred thirty albinism patients lacking a molecular diagnosis of albinism were screened for pathogenic variants in candidate genes with known links to pigmentation or HPS pathophysiology. RESULTS We identified two unrelated patients with distinct homozygous variants of the BLOC1S5 gene. Patients had mild oculocutaneous albinism, moderate bleeding diathesis, platelet aggregation deficit, and a dramatically decreased number of platelet dense granules, all signs compatible with HPS. Functional tests performed on platelets of one patient displayed an absence of the obligate multisubunit complex BLOC-1, showing that the variant disrupts BLOC1S5 function and impairs BLOC-1 assembly. Expression of the patient-derived BLOC1S5 deletion in nonpigmented murine Bloc1s5-/- melan-mu melanocytes failed to rescue pigmentation, the assembly of a functional BLOC-1 complex, and melanosome cargo trafficking, unlike the wild-type allele. CONCLUSION Mutation of BLOC1S5 is disease-causing, and we propose that BLOC1S5 is the gene for a new form of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, HPS-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Pennamen
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linh Le
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Reference Center for Platelet Disorders, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Anne Bauters
- Hémostase et Transfusion CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Plaisant
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Modibo Diallo
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eulalie Lasseaux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GHICL, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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3
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Mériot M, Hitte C, Rimbault M, Dufaure de Citres C, Gache V, Abitbol M. Donskoy cats as a new model of oculocutaneous albinism with the identification of a splice-site variant in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 gene. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:814-825. [PMID: 32558164 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the feline Donskoy breed, a phenotype that breeders call "pink-eye," with associated light-brown skin, yellow irises and red-eye effect, has been described. Genealogical data indicated an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A single candidate region was identified by genome-wide association study and SNP-based homozygosity mapping. Within that region, we further identified HPS5 (HPS5 Biogenesis Of Lysosomal Organelles Complex 2 Subunit 2) as a strong candidate gene, since HPS5 variants have been identified in humans and animals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 or oculocutaneous albinism. A homozygous c.2571-1G>A acceptor splice-site variant located in intron 16 of HPS5 was identified in pink-eye cats. Segregation of the variant was 100% consistent with the inheritance pattern. Genotyping of 170 cats from 19 breeds failed to identify a single carrier in non-Donskoy cats. The c.2571-1G>A variant leads to HPS5 exon-16 splicing that is predicted to produce a 52 amino acids in-frame deletion in the protein. These results support an association of the pink-eye phenotype with the c.2571-1G>A variant. The pink-eye Donskoy cat extends the panel of reported HPS5 variants and offers an opportunity for in-depth exploration of the phenotypic consequences of a new HPS5 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Gache
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Abitbol
- Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
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4
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Michaud V, Lasseaux E, Plaisant C, Verloes A, Perdomo-Trujillo Y, Hamel C, Elcioglu NH, Leroy B, Kaplan J, Jouk PS, Lacombe D, Fergelot P, Morice-Picard F, Arveiler B. Clinico-molecular analysis of eleven patients with Hermansky-Pudlak type 5 syndrome, a mild form of HPS. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017. [PMID: 28640947 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), first described in 1959, is a rare form of syndromic oculocutaneous albinism associated with bleeding diathesis and in some cases pulmonary fibrosis and granulomatous colitis. All 10 HPS types are caused by defects in vesicle trafficking of lysosome-related organelles (LRO) proteins. The HPS5 protein associates with HPS3 and HPS6 to form the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-2 (BLOC-2). Here, we report the clinical and genetic data of 11 patients with HPS-5 analyzed in our laboratory. We report 11 new pathogenic variants. The 11 patients present with ocular features that are typical for albinism, with mild hypopigmentation, and with no other major complication, apart from a tendency to bleed. HPS-5 therefore appears as a mild form of HPS, which is often clinically undistinguishable from mild oculocutaneous or ocular forms of albinism. Molecular analysis is therefore required to establish the diagnosis of this mild HPS form, which has consequences in terms of prognosis and of clinical management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Michaud
- Service Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Alain Verloes
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Hamel
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nursel H Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Eastern Mediterranean University Medical School, Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Bart Leroy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Service Génétique Clinique, CHU de Grenoble Site La Tronche, Hôpital Couple Enfant, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Unité INSERM U1211, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Service Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Unité INSERM U1211, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Service Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Service Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Unité INSERM U1211, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Bordeaux, France
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6
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Bryan MM, Tolman NJ, Simon KL, Huizing M, Hufnagel RB, Brooks BP, Speransky V, Mullikin JC, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV, Gochuico BR. Clinical and molecular phenotyping of a child with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-7, an uncommon genetic type of HPS. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:378-383. [PMID: 28259707 PMCID: PMC5395203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare inherited disorder with ten reported genetic types; each type has defects in subunits of either Adaptor Protein-3 complex or Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1, -2, or -3. Very few patients with BLOC-1 deficiency (HPS-7, -8, and -9 types) have been diagnosed. We report results of comprehensive clinical testing and molecular analyses of primary fibroblasts from a new case of HPS-7. RESULTS A 6-year old Paraguayan male presented with hypopigmentation, ocular albinism, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, and easy bruising. He also experienced delayed motor and language development as a very young child; head and chest trauma resulted in intracranial hemorrhage with subsequent right hemiparesis and lung scarring. There was no clinical evidence of immunodeficiency or colitis. Whole mount transmission electron microscopy revealed absent platelet delta granules; platelet aggregation testing was abnormal. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene [NM_032122.4: c.307C>T; p.Gln103*], previously reported in a Portuguese adult. The gene encodes the dysbindin subunit of BLOC-1. Dysbindin protein expression was negligible in our patient's dermal fibroblasts, while his DTNBP1 mRNA level was similar to that of a normal control. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive clinical evaluation of the first pediatric case reported with HPS-7 reveals oculocutaneous albinism and platelet storage pool deficiency; his phenotype is consistent with findings in other patients with BLOC-1 disorders. This patient's markedly reduced Dysbindin protein expression in HPS-7 resulted from a mechanism other than nonsense mediated decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Bryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathanial J Tolman
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen L Simon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladislav Speransky
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Ikawa Y, Hess R, Dorward H, Cullinane AR, Huizing M, Gochuico BR, Gahl WA, Candotti F. In vitro functional correction of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome type-1 by lentiviral-mediated gene transfer. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:62-5. [PMID: 25468649 PMCID: PMC4279856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency and susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. No curative therapy is available. Genetic correction directed to the lungs, bone marrow and/or gastro-intestinal tract might provide alternative forms of treatment for the diseases multi-systemic complications. We demonstrate that lentiviral-mediated gene transfer corrects the expression and function of the HPS1 gene in patient dermal melanocytes, which opens the way to development of gene therapy for HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ikawa
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Hess
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heidi Dorward
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R Cullinane
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Bultema JJ, Ambrosio AL, Burek CL, Di Pietro SM. BLOC-2, AP-3, and AP-1 proteins function in concert with Rab38 and Rab32 proteins to mediate protein trafficking to lysosome-related organelles. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19550-63. [PMID: 22511774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are synthesized in specialized cell types where they largely coexist with conventional lysosomes. Most of the known cellular transport machinery involved in biogenesis are ubiquitously expressed and shared between lysosomes and LROs. Examples of common components are the adaptor protein complex-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex (BLOC)-2. These protein complexes control sorting and transport of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins from early endosomes to both lysosomes and LROs such as the melanosome. However, it is unknown what factors cooperate with the ubiquitous transport machinery to mediate transport to LROs in specialized cells. Focusing on the melanosome, we show that the ubiquitous machinery interacts with cell type-specific Rab proteins, Rab38 and Rab32, to facilitate transport to the maturing organelle. BLOC-2, AP-3, and AP-1 coimmunoprecipitated with Rab38 and Rab32 from MNT-1 melanocytic cell extracts. BLOC-2, AP-3, AP-1, and clathrin partially colocalized with Rab38 and Rab32 by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in MNT-1 cells. Rab38- and Rab32-deficient MNT-1 cells displayed abnormal trafficking and steady state levels of known cargoes of the BLOC-2, AP-3, and AP-1 pathways, the melanin-synthesizing enzymes tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1. These observations support the idea that Rab38 and Rab32 are the specific factors that direct the ubiquitous machinery to mediate transport from early endosomes to maturing LROs. Additionally, analysis of tyrosinase-related protein-2 and total melanin production indicates that Rab32 has unique functions that cannot be carried out by Rab38 in melanosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred J Bultema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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9
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Carmona-Rivera C, Golas G, Hess RA, Cardillo ND, Martin EH, O'Brien K, Tsilou E, Gochuico BR, White JG, Huizing M, Gahl WA. Clinical, molecular, and cellular features of non-Puerto Rican Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients of Hispanic descent. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2394-400. [PMID: 21833017 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a bleeding diathesis and hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. Some HPS patients develop other complications such as granulomatous colitis and/or a fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Eight genes have been associated with the condition, resulting in subtypes HPS-1 through HPS-8. The HPS gene products are involved in the biogenesis of specialized lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes, platelet delta granules and others. HPS1 and HPS4 form a stable complex named BLOC-3, and patients with BLOC-3 or AP-3 deficiency develop pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, it is important to subtype each HPS patient. HPS type 1 (HPS-1) occurs frequently on the island Puerto Rico due to a founder mutation. Here, we describe seven mutations, six of which are previously unreported, in the HPS1, HPS4 and HPS5 genes among patients of Mexican, Uruguayan, Honduran, Cuban, Venezuelan and Salvadoran ancestries. Our findings demonstrate that the diagnosis of HPS should be considered in Hispanic patients with oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding symptoms. Moreover, such patients should not be assumed to have the HPS-1 subtype typical of northwest Puerto Rican patients. We recommend molecular HPS subtyping in such cases, since it may have significant implications for prognosis and intervention.
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Pachlopnik Schmid J, Schmid JP, Côte M, Ménager MM, Burgess A, Nehme N, Ménasché G, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Inherited defects in lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Immunol Rev 2010; 235:10-23. [PMID: 20536552 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The granule-dependent cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes plays a critical role in the defense against virally infected cells and tumor cells. The importance of this cytotoxic pathway in immune regulation is evidenced by the severe and often fatal condition, known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome (HLH) that occurs in mice and humans with genetically determined impaired lymphocyte cytotoxic function. HLH manifests as the occurrence of uncontrolled activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating multiple organs. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the characterization of effectors regulating the release of cytotoxic granules, and on the role of this cytotoxic pathway in lymphocyte homeostasis and immune surveillance. Analysis of the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of hemophagocytic syndrome designates gamma-interferon as an attractive therapeutic target to downregulate uncontrolled macrophage activation, which sustains clinical and biological features of HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U768, 75015 Paris, France
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Kloer DP, Rojas R, Ivan V, Moriyama K, van Vlijmen T, Murthy N, Ghirlando R, van der Sluijs P, Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS. Assembly of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3) and its interaction with Rab9. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7794-804. [PMID: 20048159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.069088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic hypopigmentation and bleeding disorder caused by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) such as melanosomes and platelet dense bodies. HPS arises from mutations in any of 8 genes in humans and 16 genes in mice. Two of these genes, HPS1 and HPS4, encode components of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3). Herein we show that recombinant HPS1-HPS4 produced in insect cells can be efficiently isolated as a 1:1 heterodimer. Analytical ultracentrifugation reveals that this complex has a molecular mass of 146 kDa, equivalent to that of the native complex and to the sum of the predicted molecular masses of HPS1 and HPS4. This indicates that HPS1 and HPS4 interact directly in the absence of any other protein as part of BLOC-3. Limited proteolysis and deletion analyses show that both subunits interact with one another throughout most of their lengths with the sole exception of a long, unstructured loop in the central part of HPS4. An interaction screen reveals a specific and strong interaction of BLOC-3 with the GTP-bound form of the endosomal GTPase, Rab9. This interaction is mediated by HPS4 and the switch I and II regions of Rab9. These characteristics indicate that BLOC-3 might function as a Rab9 effector in the biogenesis of LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Kloer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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12
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Vincent LM, Adams D, Hess RA, Ziegler SG, Tsilou E, Golas G, O'Brien KJ, White JG, Huizing M, Gahl WA. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 in patients of Indian descent. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 97:227-33. [PMID: 19398212 PMCID: PMC2694228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) develops from defects in the biogenesis and/or function of lysosome-related organelles essential to membrane and protein trafficking. Of the eight known human subtypes, only HPS-1 and HPS-4 develop pulmonary fibrosis in addition to the general clinical manifestations of oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis. We identified HPS-1 in three unrelated patients from different regions of India, who presented with iris transillumination, pale fundi, hypopigmentation, nystagmus, decreased visual acuity, and a bleeding diathesis. Two of these patients carried the homozygous mutation c.398+5G>A (IVS5+5G>A) in HPS1, resulting in skipping of exon 5 in HPS1 mRNA. The third patient carried a novel homozygous c.988-1G>T mutation that resulted in in-frame skipping of HPS1 exon 12 and removes 56 amino acids from the HPS1 protein. Given the discovery of HPS-1 in an ethnic group where oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is highly prevalent, it is possible that HPS in India is under-diagnosed. We recommend that unconfirmed OCA patients in this ethic group be considered for mutational screening of known HPS genes, in particular c.398+5G>A and c.980-1G>T, to ensure that patients can be monitored and treated for clinical complications unique to HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Vincent
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm 10C107, MSC1851, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA.
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Sitaram A, Piccirillo R, Palmisano I, Harper DC, Dell'Angelica EC, Schiaffino MV, Marks MS. Localization to mature melanosomes by virtue of cytoplasmic dileucine motifs is required for human OCA2 function. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 20:1464-77. [PMID: 19116314 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 is caused by defects in the gene OCA2, encoding a pigment cell-specific, 12-transmembrane domain protein with homology to ion permeases. The function of the OCA2 protein remains unknown, and its subcellular localization is under debate. Here, we show that endogenous OCA2 in melanocytic cells rapidly exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thus does not behave as a resident ER protein. Consistently, exogenously expressed OCA2 localizes within melanocytes to melanosomes, and, like other melanosomal proteins, localizes to lysosomes when expressed in nonpigment cells. Mutagenized OCA2 transgenes stimulate melanin synthesis in OCA2-deficient cells when localized to melanosomes but not when specifically retained in the ER, contradicting a proposed primary function for OCA2 in the ER. Steady-state melanosomal localization requires a conserved consensus acidic dileucine-based sorting motif within the cytoplasmic N-terminal region of OCA2. A second dileucine signal within this region confers steady-state lysosomal localization in melanocytes, suggesting that OCA2 might traverse multiple sequential or parallel trafficking routes. The two dileucine signals physically interact in a differential manner with cytoplasmic adaptors known to function in trafficking other proteins to melanosomes. We conclude that OCA2 is targeted to and functions within melanosomes but that residence within melanosomes may be regulated by secondary or alternative targeting to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sitaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Huizing M, Helip-Wooley A, Westbroek W, Gunay-Aygun M, Gahl WA. Disorders of lysosome-related organelle biogenesis: clinical and molecular genetics. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2008; 9:359-86. [PMID: 18544035 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a heterogeneous group of vesicles that share various features with lysosomes, but are distinct in function, morphology, and composition. The biogenesis of LROs employs a common machinery, and genetic defects in this machinery can affect all LROs or only an individual LRO, resulting in a variety of clinical features. In this review, we discuss the main components of LRO biogenesis. We also summarize the function, composition, and resident cell types of the major LROs. Finally, we describe the clinical characteristics of the major human LRO disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Cell Biology of Metabolic Disorders Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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