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Begum RF, Mohan S. Pharmacological investigation of vitamin E with combined oral contraceptives on INHBA gene against PCOS that intricate through melatonin PKC pathway. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:450-464. [PMID: 37962399 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2276082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent endocrine and metabolic condition in women of reproductive age are polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with significant risk factors such as circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of vitamin E in combination with a combined oral contraceptive (COC) on continuous light-induced PCOS using hormonal measures, oxidative stress (OS) indicators, and the inhibin beta-A (INHBA) gene, which targets the melatonin protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. An in silico technique anticipated INHBA's binding affinity for vitamin E and COC. For the in vivo investigation (IAEC/240/2021), female SD rats were divided into six groups and subjected to a 16-week induction period, followed by a 2-month test drug treatment with drospirenone (DRSP) as a standard. Serum testosterone, FSH, melatonin, and OS were calculated as hormonal markers. The expression of the INHBA gene was studied to see if it could be linked to the circadian rhythm and OS via the melatonin PKC pathway. According to the in silico study, vitamin E and DRSP had higher binding energy for the INHBA (-8.6 kcal/mol and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively). When compared to the control group, in vivo results showed a substantial decrease in testosterone levels (p = .05), as well as changes in FSH (p = .78) and melatonin (p = .13). IHNBA gene expression has also dramatically increased, stimulating FSH production in the pituitary gland. Vitamin E and COC concomitantly are beneficial against PCOS because it modulates OS, which in turn influences circadian rhythm and the melatonin PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukaiah Fatma Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Sumithra Mohan
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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2
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Shu Y, Gumma N, Hassan F, Branch DA, Baer LA, Ostrowski MC, Stanford KI, Baskin KK, Mehta KD. Hepatic protein kinase Cbeta deficiency mitigates late-onset obesity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104917. [PMID: 37315788 PMCID: PMC10393818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging is associated with progressive adiposity and a decline in liver function, the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolic interplay are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that aging induces hepatic protein kinase Cbeta (PKCβ) expression, while hepatocyte PKCβ deficiency (PKCβHep-/-) in mice significantly attenuates obesity in aged mice fed a high-fat diet. Compared with control PKCβfl/fl mice, PKCβHep-/- mice showed elevated energy expenditure with augmentation of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production which was dependent on β3-adrenergic receptor signaling, thereby favoring negative energy balance. This effect was accompanied by induction of thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased BAT respiratory capacity, as well as a shift to oxidative muscle fiber type with an improved mitochondrial function, thereby enhancing oxidative capacity of thermogenic tissues. Furthermore, in PKCβHep-/- mice, we determined that PKCβ overexpression in the liver mitigated elevated expression of thermogenic genes in BAT. In conclusion, our study thus establishes hepatocyte PKCβ induction as a critical component of pathophysiological energy metabolism by promoting progressive hepatic and extrahepatic metabolic derangements in energy homeostasis, contributing to late-onset obesity. These findings have potential implications for augmenting thermogenesis as a means of combating aging-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Shu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikhil Gumma
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Faizule Hassan
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel A Branch
- Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Holling Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kedryn K Baskin
- Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kamal D Mehta
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Metabolic Syndrome, Instacare Therapeutics, Dublin, Ohio, USA.
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3
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von Heydebrand F, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Voelkl S, Kremer AN, Oostendorp RAJ, Wilke J, Leitges M, Egle A, Mackensen A, Lutzny-Geier G. Protein kinase C-β-dependent changes in the glucose metabolism of bone marrow stromal cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:819-830. [PMID: 33539629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells critically depends on the support of an adapted and therefore appropriate tumor microenvironment. Increasing evidence suggests that B-cell receptor-associated kinases such as protein kinase C-β (PKCβ) or Lyn kinase are essential for the formation of a microenvironment supporting leukemic growth. Here, we describe the impact of PKCβ on the glucose metabolism in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) upon CLL contact. BMSC get activated by CLL contact expressing stromal PKCβ that diminishes mitochondrial stress and apoptosis in CLL cells by stimulating glucose uptake. In BMSC, the upregulation of PKCβ results in increased mitochondrial depolarization and leads to a metabolic switch toward oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, PKCβ-deficient BMSC regulates the expression of Hnf1 promoting stromal insulin signaling after CLL contact. Our data suggest that targeting PKCβ and the glucose metabolism of the leukemic niche could be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome stroma-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska von Heydebrand
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Voelkl
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anita N Kremer
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilke
- Practice for Oncology and Hematology, Fürth, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Craig L. Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexander Egle
- IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute (SCRI) with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (LIMCR), Salzburg, Austria.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gloria Lutzny-Geier
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Shu Y, Hassan F, Coppola V, Baskin KK, Han X, Mehta NK, Ostrowski MC, Mehta KD. Hepatocyte-specific PKCβ deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. Mol Metab 2021; 44:101133. [PMID: 33271332 PMCID: PMC7785956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver, is a uniform response of the liver to hyperlipidic-hypercaloric diet intake. However, the post-ingestive signals and mechanistic processes driving hepatic steatosis are not well understood. Emerging data demonstrate that protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), a lipid-sensitive kinase, plays a critical role in energy metabolism and adaptation to environmental and nutritional stimuli. Despite its powerful effect on glucose and lipid metabolism, knowledge of the physiological roles of hepatic PKCβ in energy homeostasis is limited. METHODS The floxed-PKCβ and hepatocyte-specific PKCβ-deficient mouse models were generated to study the in vivo role of hepatocyte PKCβ on diet-induced hepatic steatosis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. RESULTS We report that hepatocyte-specific PKCβ deficiency protects mice from development of hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet, without affecting body weight gain. This protection is associated with attenuation of SREBP-1c transactivation and improved hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain. Lipidomic analysis identified significant increases in the critical mitochondrial inner membrane lipid, cardiolipin, in PKCβ-deficient livers compared to control. Moreover, hepatocyte PKCβ deficiency had no significant effect on either hepatic or whole-body insulin sensitivity supporting dissociation between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The above data indicate that hepatocyte PKCβ is a key focus of dietary lipid perception and is essential for efficient storage of dietary lipids in liver largely through coordinating energy utilization and lipogenesis during post-prandial period. These results highlight the importance of hepatic PKCβ as a drug target for obesity-associated nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Shu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Faizule Hassan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Kedryn K Baskin
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kamal D Mehta
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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5
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Kolczynska K, Loza-Valdes A, Hawro I, Sumara G. Diacylglycerol-evoked activation of PKC and PKD isoforms in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:113. [PMID: 32466765 PMCID: PMC7257441 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) and Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms can sense diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in the different cellular compartments in various physiological processes. DAG accumulates in multiple organs of the obese subjects, which leads to the disruption of metabolic homeostasis and the development of diabetes as well as associated diseases. Multiple studies proved that aberrant activation of PKCs and PKDs contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. DAG-sensing PKC and PKD isoforms play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and therefore might serve as targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kolczynska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Angel Loza-Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland.
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6
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Chang SW, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Langaee TY, Nasiri Kenari N, Beitelshees AL, Gums JG, Chapman AB, Turner ST, Johnson JA, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Melatonin Pathway and Atenolol-Related Glucose Dysregulation: Is There a Correlation? Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:114-22. [PMID: 26946962 PMCID: PMC4915567 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower melatonin level, melatonin receptor gene variations, and atenolol treatment are associated with glucose dysregulation. We investigated whether atenolol‐related glucose and melatonin changes are correlated, and whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in melatonin candidate genes contribute to interindividual variation in glucose change. Hypertensive Caucasians (n = 232) from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) study treated with atenolol for 9 weeks were studied. Urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) was measured pre‐ and posttreatment and normalized to urinary creatinine. Pharmacogenetic effects on glucose change of 160 SNPs in 16 melatonin candidate genes were assessed with multiple linear regression. Atenolol was associated with increased glucose (1.8 ± 10.1mg/dl, P = 0.02) and decreased aMT6s (–4.5 ± 10.1 ng/mg, P < 0.0001). However, the aMT6s change was not correlated with post‐atenolol glucose change. SNP rs11649514 in PRKCB was associated with glucose change (P = 1.0×10−4). PRKCB is involved in the melatonin‐insulin regulatory pathway, and may be important in mediating clinically meaningful atenolol‐related hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Y Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - C W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - T Y Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - N Nasiri Kenari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - A L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J G Gums
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - A B Chapman
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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7
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Mehta NK, Mehta KD. Protein kinase C-beta: An emerging connection between nutrient excess and obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1491-1497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Mehta KD. Emerging role of protein kinase C in energy homeostasis: A brief overview. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:385-392. [PMID: 24936260 PMCID: PMC4058743 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C-β (PKCβ), a member of the lipid-activated serine/threonine PKC family, has been implicated in a wide range of important cellular processes. Very recently, the novel role of PKCβ in the regulation of triglyceride homeostasis via regulating mitochondrial function has been explored. In this review, I aim to provide an overview of PKCβ regarding regulation by lipids and recently gained knowledge on its role in energy homeostasis. Alterations in adipose PKCβ expression have been shown to be crucial for diet-induced obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. High-fat diet is shown to induce PKCβ expression in white adipose tissue in an isoform- and tissue-specific manner. Genetically manipulated mice devoid of PKCβ are lean with increased oxygen consumption and are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis with improved insulin sensitivity. Available data support the model in which PKCβ functions as a “diet-sensitive” metabolic sensor whose induction in adipose tissue by high-fat diet is among the initiating event disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis via intersecting with p66Shc signaling to amplify adipose dysfunction and have systemic consequences. Alterations in PKCβ expression and/or function may have important implications in health and disease and warrants a detailed investigation into the downstream target genes and the underlying mechanisms involved. Development of drugs that target the PKCβ pathway and identification of miRs specifically controlling PKCβ expression may lead to novel therapeutic options for treating age-related metabolic disease including fatty liver, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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9
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Suh YJ, Kim S, Kim SH, Park J, Lim HA, Park HJ, Choi H, Ng D, Lee MK, Nam M. Combined genome-wide linkage and association analyses of fasting glucose level in healthy twins and families of Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:415-23. [PMID: 23487342 PMCID: PMC3594606 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the risk of an elevated fasting glucose (FG) level using genome-wide analyses. We explored a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for FG level in a genome-wide study from a Korean twin-family cohort (the Healthy Twin Study) using a combined linkage and family-based association analysis approach. We investigated 1,754 individuals, which included 432 families and 219 pairs of monozygotic twins. Regions of chromosomes 2q23.3-2q31.1, 15q26.1-15q26.3, 16p12.1, and 20p13-20p12.2, were found to show evidence of linkage with FG level, and several markers in these regions were found to be significantly associated with FG level using family-based or general association tests. In particular, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6138953) on the PTPRA gene in the 20p13 region (combined P = 1.8 × 10(-6)) was found to be associated with FG level, and the PRKCB1 gene (in 16p12.1) to be possibly associated with FG level. In conclusion, multiple regions of chromosomes 2q23.3-2q31.1, 15q26.1-15q26.3, 16p12.1, and 20p13-20p12.2 are associated with FG level in our Korean twin-family cohort. The combined approach of genome-wide linkage and family-based association analysis is useful to identify novel or known genetic regions concerning FG level in a family cohort study.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Asian People/genetics
- Blood Glucose/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Family
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C beta
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4/genetics
- Republic of Korea
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Suh
- Institute of Clinical Research, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - SungHwan Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - So Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jia Park
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Lim
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Park
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Daniel Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Environment and Health, Seoul National University School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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10
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Sobhia ME, Grewal BK, Bhat J, Rohit S, Punia V. Protein kinase C βII in diabetic complications: survey of structural, biological and computational studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:325-44. [PMID: 22404224 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.667804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PKC-βII is a conventional isoform of PKC. It is overexpressed in hyperglycemic conditions and is known to trigger various diabetic complications, mainly cardiovascular complications and to a certain extent nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy etc. Selective inhibition of this enzyme will be one of the favorable approaches to treat diabetes-mellitus-related complications. Due to high sequence similarities among PKC isoforms, selective inhibition of PKC-βII is difficult and yet to be achieved successfully. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the studies carried out in various aspects of PKC-βII. The biological aspects, crystal structure data, structure–activity relationship study (SAR) and in silico studies related to PKC-βII such as homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies and pharmacophore modeling etc. are summarized. EXPERT OPINION PKC-βII is a potential target for treating diabetes-related complications. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme are under clinical trials but to date, success has not been achieved. Thus, extensive research is essential in this direction; the contribution of in silico tools in designing and optimizing selective inhibitors of PKC-βII is valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sobhia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacoinformatics, Punjab, India.
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11
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Huang W, Bansode RR, Bal NC, Mehta M, Mehta KD. Protein kinase Cβ deficiency attenuates obesity syndrome of ob/ob mice by promoting white adipose tissue remodeling. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:368-378. [PMID: 22210924 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m019687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of leptin in PKCβ action and to determine the protective potential of PKCβ deficiency on profound obesity, double knockout (DBKO) mice lacking PKCβ and ob genes were created, and key parameters of metabolism and body composition were studied. DBKO mice had similar caloric intake as ob/ob mice but showed significantly reduced body fat content, improved glucose metabolism, and elevated body temperature. DBKO mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Moreover, PKCβ deficiency increased β-adrenergic signaling by inducing expression of β1- and β3-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of ob/ob mice. Accordingly, p38(MAPK) activation and expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1 were increased in WAT of DBKO mice. Consistent with results of in vivo studies, inhibition of PKCβ in WAT explants from ob/ob mice also increased expression of above β-ARs. In contrast, induction of PGC-1α and UCP-1 expression in brown adipose tissue of DBKO mice was not accompanied by changes in the expression of these β-ARs. Collectively, these findings suggest that PKCβ deficiency may prevent genetic obesity, in part, by remodeling the catabolic function of adipose tissues through β-ARs dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rishipal R Bansode
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Naresh C Bal
- Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 and
| | - Madhu Mehta
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kamal D Mehta
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.
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12
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Huang W, Bansode RR, Xie Y, Rowland L, Mehta M, Davidson NO, Mehta KD. Disruption of the murine protein kinase Cbeta gene promotes gallstone formation and alters biliary lipid and hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22795-805. [PMID: 21550971 PMCID: PMC3123047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.250282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ca(2+) and/or lipid-activated serine-threonine protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. We recently reported that protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), a calcium-, diacylglycerol-, and phospholipid-dependent kinase, is critical for maintaining whole body triglyceride homeostasis. We now report that PKCβ deficiency has profound effects on murine hepatic cholesterol metabolism, including hypersensitivity to diet-induced gallstone formation. The incidence of gallstones increased from 9% in control mice to 95% in PKCβ(-/-) mice. Gallstone formation in the mutant mice was accompanied by hyposecretion of bile acids with no alteration in fecal bile acid excretion, increased biliary cholesterol saturation and hydrophobicity indices, as well as hepatic p42/44(MAPK) activation, all of which enhance susceptibility to gallstone formation. Lithogenic diet-fed PKCβ(-/-) mice also displayed decreased expression of hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8b1). Finally, feeding a modified lithogenic diet supplemented with milk fat, instead of cocoa butter, both increased the severity of and shortened the interval for gallstone formation in PKCβ(-/-) mice and was associated with dramatic increases in cholesterol saturation and hydrophobicity indices. Taken together, the findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized role of PKCβ in fine tuning diet-induced cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, thus identifying PKCβ as a major physiological regulator of both triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Rishipal R. Bansode
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Yan Xie
- the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Leslie Rowland
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
| | - Madhu Mehta
- the Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kamal D. Mehta
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and
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13
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Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates protein kinase CbetaII expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 2010; 115:4447-54. [PMID: 20164467 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-229872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant disease of mature B lymphocytes. We have previously shown that a characteristic feature of CLL cells are high levels of expression and activity of protein kinase CbetaII (PKCbetaII), and that this might influence disease progression by modulating signaling in response to B-cell receptor engagement. The aim of the present work was to investigate the factors involved in stimulating PKCbetaII expression in CLL cells. Here we show that the activation of PKCbetaII in CLL cells stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can drive expression of the gene for PKCbeta, PRKCB1. We found that this effect of VEGF on PRKCB1 transcription is paralleled by high expression of PKCbetaII protein and therefore probably contributes to the malignant phenotype of CLL cells. Taken together, the data presented in this study demonstrate that VEGF, in addition to its role in providing prosurvival signals, also plays a role in overexpression of PKCbetaII, an enzyme with a specific pathophysiologic role in CLL.
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Kleiman E, Carter G, Ghansah T, Patel NA, Cooper DR. Developmentally spliced PKCbetaII provides a possible link between mTORC2 and Akt kinase to regulate 3T3-L1 adipocyte insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:554-9. [PMID: 19686698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional adipocyte glucose disposal is a key component of global glucose homeostasis. PKCbetaII is involved in rat skeletal muscle cell ISGT. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR revealed 3T3-L1 cells developmentally regulated PKCbeta splicing such that PKCbetaI was downregulated and PKCbetaII was upregulated during the course of differentiation. An initial glucose uptake screen using PKC inhibitor LY379196 pointed to a PKC isozyme other than PKCzeta mediating 3T3-L1 adipocyte ISGT. Subsequent use of PKCbetaII inhibitor CGP53353 pointed to a role for PKCbetaII in ISGT. Western blot analysis showed that CGP53353 specifically inhibited phosphorylation of PKCbetaII Serine 660. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence demonstrated that PKCbetaII regulates GLUT4 translocation. Further Western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation analysis reveal that PKCbetaII inhibition does not affect mTORC2 activity yet abrogates phosphorylation of Akt Serine 473. PKCbetaII regulates GLUT4 translocation by regulating Akt phosphorylation and thus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kleiman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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15
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Chappell DS, Patel NA, Jiang K, Li P, Watson JE, Byers DM, Cooper DR. Functional involvement of protein kinase C-betaII and its substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Diabetologia 2009; 52:901-11. [PMID: 19252893 PMCID: PMC2677811 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin stimulates phosphorylation cascades, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase (PDK1), Akt, and protein kinase C (PKC). Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), a PKCbetaII substrate, could link the effects of insulin to insulin-stimulated glucose transport (ISGT) via phosphorylation of its effector domain since MARCKS has a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements. METHODS We examined phosphoPKCbetaII after insulin treatment of L6 myocytes, and cytosolic and membrane phosphoMARCKS, MARCKS and phospholipase D1 in cells pretreated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), CG53353 (PKCbetaII inhibitor) or W13 (calmodulin inhibitor), PI3K, PKCbetaII and calmodulin inhibitors, respectively, before insulin treatment, using western blots. ISGT was examined after cells had been treated with inhibitors, small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) for MARCKS, or transfection with MARCKS mutated at a PKC site. MARCKS, PKCbetaII, GLUT4 and insulin receptor were immunoblotted in subcellular fractions with F-actin antibody immunoprecipitates to demonstrate changes following insulin treatment. GLUT4 membrane insertion was followed after insulin with or without CG53353. RESULTS Insulin increased phosphoPKCbetaII(Ser660 and Thr641); LY294002 blocked this, indicating its activation by PI3K. Insulin treatment increased cytosolic phosphoMARCKS, decreased membrane MARCKS and increased membrane phospholipase D1 (PLD1), a protein regulating glucose transporter vesicle fusion resulted. PhosphoMARCKS was attenuated by CG53353 or MARCKS siRNA. MARCKS siRNA blocked ISGT. Association of PKCbetaII and GLUT4 with membrane F-actin was enhanced by insulin, as was that of cytosolic and membrane MARCKS. ISGT was attenuated in myocytes transfected with mutated MARCKS (Ser152Ala), whereas overproduction of wild-type MARCKS enhanced ISGT. CG53353 blocked insertion of GLUT4 into membranes of insulin treated cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results suggest that PKCbetaII is involved in mediating downstream steps of ISGT through MARCKS phosphorylation and cytoskeletal remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Chappell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - N. A. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - K. Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - P. Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - J. E. Watson
- The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D. M. Byers
- Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D. R. Cooper
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, e-mail:
- The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
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Huang W, Bansode R, Mehta M, Mehta KD. Loss of protein kinase Cbeta function protects mice against diet-induced obesity and development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Hepatology 2009; 49:1525-36. [PMID: 19296465 PMCID: PMC2728215 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an energy balance disorder in which intake is greater than expenditure, with most excess calories stored as triglyceride (TG). We previously reported that mice lacking the beta-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCbeta), a diacylglycerol- and phospholipid-dependent kinase, exhibit marked reduction in the whole body TG content, including white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. To investigate the role of this signaling kinase in metabolic adaptations to severe dietary stress, we studied the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on PKCbeta expression and the effect of PKCbeta deficiency on profound weight gain. We report herein that HFD selectively increased PKCbeta expression in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice, specifically in WAT; the expression levels were little or unchanged in the liver, muscle, kidney, and heart. Basal PKCbeta expression was also found to be elevated in WAT of obese ob/ob mice. Remarkably, mice lacking PKCbeta were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, showing significantly reduced WAT and slightly higher core body temperatures. Unlike lean lipodystrophic mouse models, these mice did not have fatty livers, nor did they exhibit insulin resistance. Moreover, PKCbeta(-/-) mice exhibited changes in lipid metabolism gene expression, and such alterations were accompanied by significant changes in serum adipokines. These observations suggest that PKCbeta deficiency induced a unique metabolic state congruous with obesity resistance, thus raising the possibility that dysregulation of PKCbeta expression could contribute to dietary fat-induced obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rishipal Bansode
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Madhu Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kamal D. Mehta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210,Dr. Kamal D. Mehta, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43016. Tel: 614-688-8451; Fax: 614-292-4118; E-mail:
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