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Hordeaux J, Lamontagne RJ, Song C, Buchlis G, Dyer C, Buza EL, Ramezani A, Wielechowski E, Greig JA, Chichester JA, Bell P, Wilson JM. High-dose systemic adeno-associated virus vector administration causes liver and sinusoidal endothelial cell injury. Mol Ther 2024; 32:952-968. [PMID: 38327046 PMCID: PMC11163197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed retrospective data from toxicology studies involving administration of high doses of adeno-associated virus expressing different therapeutic transgenes to 21 cynomolgus and 15 rhesus macaques. We also conducted prospective studies to investigate acute toxicity following high-dose systemic administration of enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing adeno-associated virus to 10 rhesus macaques. Toxicity was characterized by transaminitis, thrombocytopenia, and alternative complement pathway activation that peaked on post-administration day 3. Although most animals recovered, some developed ascites, generalized edema, hyperbilirubinemia, and/or coagulopathy that prompted unscheduled euthanasia. Study endpoint livers from animals that recovered and from unscheduled necropsies of those that succumbed to toxicity were analyzed via hypothesis-driven histopathology and unbiased single-nucleus RNA sequencing. All liver cell types expressed high transgene transcript levels at early unscheduled timepoints that subsequently decreased. Thrombocytopenia coincided with sinusoidal platelet microthrombi and sinusoidal endothelial injury identified via immunohistology and single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Acute toxicity, sinusoidal injury, and liver platelet sequestration were similarly observed with therapeutic transgenes and enhanced green fluorescent protein at doses ≥1 × 1014 GC/kg, suggesting it was the consequence of high-dose systemic adeno-associated virus administration, not green fluorescent protein toxicity. These findings highlight a potential toxic effect of high-dose intravenous adeno-associated virus on nonhuman primate liver microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hordeaux
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R Jason Lamontagne
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunjuan Song
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George Buchlis
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cecilia Dyer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Buza
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Ramezani
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik Wielechowski
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jenny A Greig
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica A Chichester
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Muramatsu SI. AAV vectors advance cardiac gene therapy while overcoming challenges. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131704. [PMID: 38182064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 3290498, Japan.
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3
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Shin DH, Jiang H, Gillard AG, Kim D, Fan X, Singh SK, Nguyen TT, Sohoni SS, Lopez-Rivas AR, Parthasarathy A, Ene CI, Gumin J, Lang FF, Alonso MM, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J. Chimeric oncolytic adenovirus evades neutralizing antibodies from human patients and exhibits enhanced anti-glioma efficacy in immunized mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:722-733. [PMID: 38311852 PMCID: PMC10928285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are a promising treatment for patients with high-grade gliomas, but neutralizing antibodies can limit their efficacy in patients with prior virus exposure or upon repeated virus injections. Data from a previous clinical trial using the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD showed that generation of anti-viral neutralizing antibodies may affect the long-term survival of glioma patients. Past studies have examined the effects of neutralizing antibodies during systemic virus injections, but largely overlooked their impact during local virus injections into the brain. We found that immunoglobulins colocalized with viral proteins upon local oncolytic virotherapy of brain tumors, warranting a strategy to prevent virus neutralization and maximize oncolysis. Thus, we generated a chimeric virus, Delta-24-RGD-H43m, by replacing the capsid protein HVRs from the serotype 5-based Delta-24-RGD with those from the rare serotype 43. Delta-24-RGD-H43m evaded neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies and conferred a higher rate of long-term survival than Delta-24-RGD in glioma-bearing mice. Importantly, Delta-24-RGD-H43m activity was significantly more resistant to neutralizing antibodies present in sera of glioma patients treated with Delta-24-RGD during a phase 1 clinical trial. These findings provide a framework for a novel treatment of glioma patients that have developed immunity against Delta-24-RGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Shin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew G Gillard
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debora Kim
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Teresa T Nguyen
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sagar S Sohoni
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andres R Lopez-Rivas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Akhila Parthasarathy
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chibawanye I Ene
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Juan Fueyo
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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4
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Salomonsson SE, Clelland CD. Building CRISPR Gene Therapies for the Central Nervous System: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:283-290. [PMID: 38285472 PMCID: PMC11164426 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Importance Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) holds the promise to arrest or cure monogenic disease if it can be determined which genetic change to create without inducing unintended cellular dysfunction and how to deliver this technology to the target organ reliably and safely. Clinical trials for blood and liver disorders, for which delivery of CRISPR is not limiting, show promise, yet no trials have begun for central nervous system (CNS) indications. Observations The CNS is arguably the most challenging target given its innate exclusion of large molecules and its defenses against bacterial invasion (from which CRISPR originates). Herein, the types of CRISPR editing (DNA cutting, base editing, and templated repair) and how these are applied to different genetic variants are summarized. The challenges of delivering genome editors to the CNS, including the viral and nonviral delivery vehicles that may ultimately circumvent these challenges, are discussed. Also, ways to minimize the potential in vivo genotoxic effects of genome editors through delivery vehicle design and preclinical off-target testing are considered. The ethical considerations of germline editing, a potential off-target outcome of any gene editing therapy, are explored. The unique regulatory challenges of a human-specific therapy that cannot be derisked solely in animal models are also discussed. Conclusions and Relevance An understanding of both the potential benefits and challenges of CRISPR gene therapy better informs the scientific, clinical, regulatory, and timeline considerations of developing CRISPR gene therapy for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Salomonsson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen H, Ren H, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:248-279. [PMID: 38101962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders. As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials, various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications. Despite the achievements, the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited, and the data of clinical researches are unstable. To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells, engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities, paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies. This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells, including their clinical applications and potential for future development. We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)). Furthermore, we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells, including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields, and their application in biomedical research. Finally, we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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6
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Henderson ML, Zieba JK, Li X, Campbell DB, Williams MR, Vogt DL, Bupp CP, Edgerly YM, Rajasekaran S, Hartog NL, Prokop JW, Krueger JM. Gene Therapy for Genetic Syndromes: Understanding the Current State to Guide Future Care. BIOTECH 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38247731 PMCID: PMC10801589 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds promise as a life-changing option for individuals with genetic variants that give rise to disease. FDA-approved gene therapies for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, β-Thalassemia, hemophilia A/B, retinal dystrophy, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy have generated buzz around the ability to change the course of genetic syndromes. However, this excitement risks over-expansion into areas of genetic disease that may not fit the current state of gene therapy. While in situ (targeted to an area) and ex vivo (removal of cells, delivery, and administration of cells) approaches show promise, they have a limited target ability. Broader in vivo gene therapy trials have shown various continued challenges, including immune response, use of immune suppressants correlating to secondary infections, unknown outcomes of overexpression, and challenges in driving tissue-specific corrections. Viral delivery systems can be associated with adverse outcomes such as hepatotoxicity and lethality if uncontrolled. In some cases, these risks are far outweighed by the potentially lethal syndromes for which these systems are being developed. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the field of genetic diseases to perform cost-benefit analyses for gene therapy. In this work, we present the current state while setting forth tools and resources to guide informed directions to avoid foreseeable issues in gene therapy that could prevent the field from continued success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian L. Henderson
- The Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Jacob K. Zieba
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Daniel B. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Michael R. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Daniel L. Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
- Medical Genetics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Hartog
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
- Allergy & Immunology, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Jena M. Krueger
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA; (J.K.Z.); (X.L.); (D.B.C.); (M.R.W.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.); (S.R.); (N.L.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Sallard E, Schulte L, van den Boom A, Klimovitskii A, Knierer J, Hagedorn C, Knocks M, Zhang W, Kreppel F, Ehrhardt A, Ehrke-Schulz E. Development of oncolytic and gene therapy vectors based on adenovirus serotype 4 as an alternative to adenovirus serotype 5. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3576. [PMID: 37580111 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviral vectors are among the most frequently used vectors for gene therapy and cancer treatment. Most vectors are derived from human adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 despite limited applicability caused by pre-existing immunity and unfavorable liver tropism, whereas the other more than 100 known human serotypes remain largely unused. Here, we screened a library of human Ad types and identified Ad4 as a promising candidate vector. METHODS Reporter-gene-expressing viruses representative of the natural human Ad diversity were used to transduce an array of muscle cell lines and two- or three-dimensional tumor cultures. The time-course of transgene expression was monitored by fluorescence or luminescence measurements. To generate replication-deficient Ad4 vector genomes, successive homologous recombination was applied. RESULTS Ad4, 17 and 50 transduced human cardiomyocytes more efficiently than Ad5, whereas Ad37 was found to be superior in rhabdomyocytes. Despite its moderate transduction efficiency, Ad4 showed efficient and long-lasting gene expression in papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumor organoids. Therefore, we aimed to harness the potential of Ad4 for improved muscle transduction or oncolytic virotherapy of HPV-positive tumors. We deleted the E1 and E3 transcription units to produce first generation Ad vectors for gene therapy. The E1- and E1/E3-deleted vectors were replication-competent in HEK293 cells stably expressing E1 but not in the other cell lines tested. Furthermore, we show that the Ad5 E1 transcription unit can complement the replication of E1-deleted Ad4 vectors. CONCLUSIONS Our Ad4-based gene therapy vector platform contributes to the development of improved Ad vectors based on non-canonical serotypes for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Sallard
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Lukas Schulte
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Alexander van den Boom
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Alexander Klimovitskii
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Julius Knierer
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Maximilian Knocks
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Nasrullah M, Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Claerhout J, Ha K, Demirkaya E, Uludag H. Nanoparticles and cytokine response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1243651. [PMID: 37701495 PMCID: PMC10493271 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1243651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) are non-viral equivalents of viral gene delivery systems that are actively explored to deliver a spectrum of nucleic acids for diverse range of therapies. The success of the nanoparticulate delivery systems, in the form of efficacy and safety, depends on various factors related to the physicochemical features of the NPs, as well as their ability to remain "stealth" in the host environment. The initial cytokine response upon exposure to nucleic acid bearing NPs is a critical component of the host response and, unless desired, should be minimized to prevent the unintended consequences of NP administration. In this review article, we will summarize the most recent literature on cytokine responses to nanoparticulate delivery systems and identify the main factors affecting this response. The NP features responsible for eliciting the cytokine response are articulated along with other factors related to the mode of therapeutic administration. For diseases arising from altered cytokine pathophysiology, attempts to silence the individual components of cytokine response are summarized in the context of different diseases, and the roles of NP features on this respect are presented. We finish with the authors' perspective on the possibility of engineering NP systems with controlled cytokine responses. This review is intended to sensitize the reader with important issues related to cytokine elicitation of non-viral NPs and the means of controlling them to design improved interventions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasrullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jillian Claerhout
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khanh Ha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Kesseli SJ, Krischak MK, Gao Q, Gonzalez T, Zhang M, Halpern SE, Kahan R, Song M, Huffman N, Xu H, Abraham N, Asokan A, Barbas AS, Hartwig MG. Adeno-associated virus mediates gene transduction after static cold storage treatment in rodent lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:e38-e49. [PMID: 38501313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adeno-associated virus is a clinically used gene therapy vector but has not been studied in lung transplantation. We sought to determine the efficacy of adeno-associated virus delivery during static cold storage via the airway versus the pulmonary artery before lung transplantation in a rodent model. METHODS Lewis rat lung grafts were treated with a dose of 8e8 or 4e9 viral genome/μL recombinant adeno-associated virus subtype-9 vectors containing firefly luciferase genomes administered via the pulmonary artery or airway during cold storage. A control group did not receive adeno-associated virus. Recipient syngeneic rats then underwent single left lung transplantation. Animals underwent bioluminescence imaging on postoperative days 7, 14, 28, and 56. Explanted tissues were prepared as lysates to quantify luciferase activity. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate cellular transgene expression patterns. RESULTS Control animals with no luminescent signal produced a background radiance of 6.1e4 p/s/cm2/sr. In the airway delivery group, mean radiance was greater than the control at 4e9 viral genome/μL postoperative day 7 radiance 6.9e4 p/s/cm2/sr (P = .04). In the pulmonary artery delivery group, we observed greater in vivo luminescence in animals receiving 4e9 viral genome/μL compared with all other groups. However, analysis of tissue lysate revealed greater luminescence in the airway delivery group and suggested off-target expression in heart and liver tissue in the pulmonary artery delivery group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated transgene staining in distal airway epithelium and alveoli but sparing of the vasculature in the airway delivery group. CONCLUSIONS Adeno-associated virus mediates gene transduction during static cold storage in rat lung isografts when administered via the airway and pulmonary artery. Airway administration leads to robust transgene expression in respiratory epithelial cells, whereas pulmonary artery administration targets alternative cell types and increases extrapulmonary transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Kesseli
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | | | - Qimeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Trevor Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Riley Kahan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Niki Huffman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Nader Abraham
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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10
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Pérez PR, Hylind RJ, Roston TM, Bezzerides VJ, Abrams DJ. Gene Therapy for Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:790-797. [PMID: 37032191 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the genetic basis of various inherited arrhythmia syndromes has been elucidated, providing key insights into cardiomyocyte biology and various regulatory pathways associated with cellular excitation, contraction, and repolarisation. As varying techniques to manipulate genetic sequence, gene expression, and different cellular pathways have become increasingly defined and understood, the potential to apply various gene-based therapies to inherited arrhythmia has been explored. The promise of gene therapy has generated significant interest in the medical and lay press, providing hope for sufferers of seemingly incurable disorders to imagine a future without repeated medical intervention, and, in the case of various cardiac disorders, without the risk of sudden death. In this review, we focus on catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), discussing the clinical manifestations, genetic basis, and molecular biology, together with current avenues of research related to gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Remior Pérez
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robyn J Hylind
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Thomas M Roston
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Clinician Investigator Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vassilios J Bezzerides
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Dominic J Abrams
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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11
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Li X, Le Y, Zhang Z, Nian X, Liu B, Yang X. Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097736. [PMID: 37175441 PMCID: PMC10177981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique involving the modification of an individual's genes for treating a particular disease. The key to effective gene therapy is an efficient carrier delivery system. Viral vectors that have been artificially modified to lose their pathogenicity are used widely as a delivery system, with the key advantages of their natural high transduction efficiency and stable expression. With decades of development, viral vector-based gene therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes. Currently, the three key vector strategies are based on adeno-associated viruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses. However, certain challenges, such as immunotoxicity and "off-target", continue to exist. In the present review, the above three viral vectors are discussed along with their respective therapeutic applications. In addition, the major translational challenges encountered in viral vector-based gene therapies are summarized, and the possible strategies to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yang Le
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhegang Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Bo Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Eisenman D, Swindle S. Food and Drug Administration Guidance on Design of Clinical Trials for Gene Therapy Products with Potential for Genome Integration or Genome Editing and Associated Long-Term Follow-Up of Research Subjects. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2022; 27:201-209. [PMID: 37020567 PMCID: PMC10068672 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction With the burgeoning growth of the gene therapy industry, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has produced various guidance documents intended to help gene therapy manufacturers design their preclinical testing and clinical trials to facilitate the process of obtaining marketing approval. Discussion Biosafety professionals and institutional biosafety committees (IBCs) with oversight of clinical trials or biopharmaceutical manufacturing stand to benefit from understanding how these guidance documents set the standard for writing the clinical research protocols that are reviewed by IBCs. Although the FDA guidance documents are typically meant for manufacturers (either pharmaceutical companies serving as research sponsors or investigators at academic institutions), much of the content is useful for biosafety professionals and IBCs during the IBC review process. Conclusion This article specifically addresses guidance documents pertaining to gene therapy vectors capable of genomic integration, testing for replication competent retrovirus, genome editing, and long-term follow-up of research subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eisenman
- Department of Biosafety Services, Advarra, Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Swindle
- Department of Biosafety Services, Advarra, Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
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13
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Episomes and Transposases-Utilities to Maintain Transgene Expression from Nonviral Vectors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101872. [PMID: 36292757 PMCID: PMC9601623 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient delivery and stable transgene expression are critical for applications in gene therapy. While carefully selected and engineered viral vectors allowed for remarkable clinical successes, they still bear significant safety risks. Thus, nonviral vectors are a sound alternative and avoid genotoxicity and adverse immunological reactions. Nonviral vector systems have been extensively studied and refined during the last decades. Emerging knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of replication and spatial chromatin organisation, as well as new technologies, such as Crispr/Cas, were employed to enhance the performance of different nonviral vector systems. Thus, nonviral vectors are in focus and hold some promising perspectives for future applications in gene therapy. This review addresses three prominent nonviral vector systems: the Sleeping Beauty transposase, S/MAR-based episomes, and viral plasmid replicon-based EBV vectors. Exemplarily, we review different utilities, modifications, and new concepts that were pursued to overcome limitations regarding stable transgene expression and mitotic stability. New insights into the nuclear localisation of nonviral vector molecules and the potential consequences thereof are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the remaining limitations and provide an outlook on possible future developments in nonviral vector technology.
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14
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Araújo NM, Rubio IGS, Toneto NPA, Morale MG, Tamura RE. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220079. [PMID: 36206378 PMCID: PMC9543183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group
of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle.
Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a
conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of
transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression.
In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases
faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality.
On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was
the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in
expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks,
inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune
system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even
older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative
adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been
investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of
the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new
technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this
field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Meneses Araújo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Soriano-Giles G, Giles-Mazón EA, Lopez N, Reinheimer E, Varela-Guerrero V, Ballesteros-Rivas MF. Metal organic frameworks (MOFS) as non-viral carriers for DNA and RNA delivery: a review. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline materials that, thanks to their large surface area and high porosity, allow them to be used in various areas of knowledge. This diversity of applications is due to the metal ions and the organic binders that compose them, but it is also important to highlight the ability of MOFs to function as hosts for a great variety of molecules of very different sizes and chemical properties. The first existing approaches for incorporating biomolecules in MOFs are discussed: pore encapsulation, surface binding, covalent binding, and in-situ encapsulation. Next, we discuss the obstacles of designing MOFs for effective gene delivery and how to enhance the gene delivery using different strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Soriano-Giles
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón S/N, Residencial Colón , 50120 Toluca de Lerdo , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 , 50200 Toluca de Lerdo , México
| | - Edwin A. Giles-Mazón
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón S/N, Residencial Colón , 50120 Toluca de Lerdo , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 , 50200 Toluca de Lerdo , México
| | - Nazario Lopez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa , Cuernavaca , Morelos 62209 , México
| | - Eric Reinheimer
- Rigaku Oxford Diffraction , 9009 New Trails Drive , The Woodlands , TX 77381 , USA
| | - Victor Varela-Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón S/N, Residencial Colón , 50120 Toluca de Lerdo , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 , 50200 Toluca de Lerdo , México
| | - María F. Ballesteros-Rivas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química , Paseo Colón S/N, Residencial Colón , 50120 Toluca de Lerdo , México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 , 50200 Toluca de Lerdo , México
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16
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Cytokine Responses to Adenovirus and Adenovirus Vectors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050888. [PMID: 35632630 PMCID: PMC9145601 DOI: 10.3390/v14050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus infection is tightly regulated by the innate immune system. Cytokine-mediated toxicity and cytokine storm are known clinical phenomena observed following naturally disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts as well as when extremely high doses of adenovirus vectors are injected intravenously. This dose-dependent, cytokine-mediated toxicity compromises the safety of adenovirus-based vectors and represents a critical problem, limiting their utility for gene therapy applications and the therapy of disseminated cancer, where intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors may provide therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms triggering severe cytokine response are not sufficiently understood, prompting efforts to further investigate this phenomenon, especially in clinically relevant settings. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cytokine and chemokine activation in response to adenovirus- and adenovirus-based vectors and discuss the underlying mechanisms that may trigger acute cytokine storm syndrome. First, we review profiles of cytokines and chemokines that are activated in response to adenovirus infection initiated via different routes. Second, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to cytokine and chemokine transcriptional activation. We further highlight how immune cell types in different organs contribute to synthesis and systemic release of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus sensing. Finally, we review host factors that can limit cytokine and chemokine expression and discuss currently available and potential future interventional approaches that allow for the mitigation of the severity of the cytokine storm syndrome. Effective cytokine-targeted interventional approaches may improve the safety of systemic adenovirus delivery and thus broaden the potential clinical utility of adenovirus-based therapeutic vectors.
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17
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Khatri A, Shelke R, Guan S, Somanathan S. Higher seroprevalence of anti-AAV NAb among racial minorities in the United States. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:442-450. [PMID: 34861783 PMCID: PMC9063129 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can ablate efficacy of transgene expression following intravenous vector administration. This observation in both preclinical and clinical trials has led to exclusion of NAb positive patients from receiving AAV gene therapy. AAV drug development includes selection of capsids with lower NAb seroprevalence, that also possess other favorable traits. Often a limited number of healthy volunteers are screened to gauge NAb seroprevalence. However, limited data sets can be biased leading to inaccurate estimates of NAb incidence. Here we evaluated AAV NAbs against a panel of vectors among healthy donors within the United States. While the overall seroprevalence against most AAVs was lower, we did observe increased NAb incidence among Black and Hispanic donors. These findings of increased NAb seroprevalence among the minority races were confirmed in a second set of donors that also demonstrated higher seroprevalence among these races. Interracial-and intraracial differences within genders was also observed among donors. The increased incidence of AAV NAb among racial minorities was unexpected. Our findings underscore the need for removing bias in sample data sets and evaluating seroprevalence within the patient population while selecting capsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Khatri
- Pfizer Inc, 2253, Rare disease research unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Rajani Shelke
- Pfizer Inc, 2253, Rare Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Shunjie Guan
- Pfizer Inc, 2253, Rare Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Pfizer Inc, 2253, Early Clinical Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
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18
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He W, Li Q, Lu Y, Ju D, Gu Y, Zhao K, Dong C. Cancer treatment evolution from traditional methods to stem cells and gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:368-385. [PMID: 34802404 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666211119110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, a malignant tumor, is caused by the failure of the mechanism that controls cell growth and proliferation. Late clinical symptoms often manifest as lumps, pain, ulcers, and bleeding. Systemic symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, and loss of appetite. It is a major disease that threatens human life and health. How to treat cancer is a long-standing problem that needs to be overcome in the history of medicine. METHOD Traditional tumor treatment methods are poorly targeted, and the side effects of treatment seriously damage the physical and mental health of patients. In recent years, with the advancement of medical science and technology, the research on gene combined with mesenchymal stem cells to treat tumors has been intensified. Mesenchymal stem cells carry genes to target cancer cells, which can achieve better therapeutic effects. DISCUSSION In the text, we systematically review the cancer treatment evolution from traditional methods to novel approaches that include immunotherapy, nanotherapy, stem cell theapy, and gene therapy. We provide the latest review of the application status, clinical trials and development prospects of mesenchymal stem cells and gene therapy for cancer, as well as their integration in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells are effective carriers carrying genes and provide new clinical ideas for tumor treatment. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the current status, application prospects and challenges of mesenchymal stem cell combined gene therapy for cancer, and provides new ideas for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua He
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Qingxuan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Dingyue Ju
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001. China
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19
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Hutt JA, Assaf BT, Bolon B, Cavagnaro J, Galbreath E, Grubor B, Kattenhorn LM, Romeike A, Whiteley LO. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Nonclinical Research and Development of In Vivo Gene Therapy Products, Emphasizing Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:118-146. [PMID: 34657529 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome and numerous advances in molecular techniques have launched the era of genetic medicine. Increasingly precise technologies for genetic modification, manufacturing, and administration of pharmaceutical-grade biologics have proved the viability of in vivo gene therapy (GTx) as a therapeutic modality as shown in several thousand clinical trials and recent approval of several GTx products for treating rare diseases and cancers. In recognition of the rapidly advancing knowledge in this field, the regulatory landscape has evolved considerably to maintain appropriate monitoring of safety concerns associated with this modality. Nonetheless, GTx safety assessment remains complex and is designed on a case-by-case basis that is determined by the disease indication and product attributes. This article describes our current understanding of fundamental biological principles and possible procedures (emphasizing those related to toxicology and toxicologic pathology) needed to support research and development of in vivo GTx products. This article is not intended to provide comprehensive guidance on all GTx modalities but instead provides an overview relevant to in vivo GTx generally by utilizing recombinant adeno-associated virus-based GTx-the most common in vivo GTx platform-to exemplify the main points to be considered in nonclinical research and development of GTx products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hutt
- Greenfield Pathology Services, Inc, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - Basel T Assaf
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Branka Grubor
- Biogen, Preclinical Safety/Comparative Pathology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentiviral vectors have emerged as powerful vectors for vaccination, due to their high efficiency to transduce dendritic cells and to induce long-lasting humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells, and effective protection in numerous preclinical animal models of infection and oncology. AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the literature, highlighting the relevance of lentiviral vectors in vaccinology. We recapitulated both their virological and immunological aspects of lentiviral vectors. We compared lentiviral vectors to the gold standard viral vaccine vectors, i.e. adenoviral vectors, and updated the latest results in lentiviral vector-based vaccination in preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION Lentiviral vectors are non-replicative, negligibly inflammatory, and not targets of preexisting immunity in human populations. These are major characteristics to consider in vaccine development. The potential of lentiviral vectors to transduce non-dividing cells, including dendritic cells, is determinant in their strong immunogenicity. Notably, lentiviral vectors can be engineered to target antigen expression to specific host cells. The very weak inflammatory properties of these vectors allow their use in mucosal vaccination, with particular interest in infectious diseases that affect the lungs or brain, including COVID-19. Recent results in various preclinical models have reinforced the interest of these vectors in prophylaxis against infectious diseases and in onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
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21
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Jensen TL, Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD. Current and Future Prospects for Gene Therapy for Rare Genetic Diseases Affecting the Brain and Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695937. [PMID: 34690692 PMCID: PMC8527017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, gene therapy has been raising hopes toward viable treatment strategies for rare genetic diseases for which there has been almost exclusively supportive treatment. We here review this progress at the pre-clinical and clinical trial levels as well as market approvals within diseases that specifically affect the brain and spinal cord, including degenerative, developmental, lysosomal storage, and metabolic disorders. The field reached an unprecedented milestone when Zolgensma® (onasemnogene abeparvovec) was approved by the FDA and EMA for in vivo adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. Shortly after EMA approved Libmeldy®, an ex vivo gene therapy with lentivirus vector-transduced autologous CD34-positive stem cells, for treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy. These successes could be the first of many more new gene therapies in development that mostly target loss-of-function mutation diseases with gene replacement (e.g., Batten disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, gangliosidoses) or, less frequently, gain-of-toxic-function mutation diseases by gene therapeutic silencing of pathologic genes (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease). In addition, the use of genome editing as a gene therapy is being explored for some diseases, but this has so far only reached clinical testing in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses. Based on the large number of planned, ongoing, and completed clinical trials for rare genetic central nervous system diseases, it can be expected that several novel gene therapies will be approved and become available within the near future. Essential for this to happen is the in depth characterization of short- and long-term effects, safety aspects, and pharmacodynamics of the applied gene therapy platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leth Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Gross AL, Gray-Edwards HL, Bebout CN, Ta NL, Nielsen K, Brunson BL, Mercado KRL, Osterhoudt DE, Batista AR, Maitland S, Seyfried TN, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR. Intravenous delivery of adeno-associated viral gene therapy in feline GM1 gangliosidosis. Brain 2021; 145:655-669. [PMID: 34410345 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase. In its most severe form, GM1 gangliosidosis causes death by 4 years of age, and no effective treatments exist. Previous work has shown that injection of the brain parenchyma with an adeno-associated viral vector provides pronounced therapeutic benefit in a feline GM1 model. To develop a less invasive treatment for the brain and increase systemic biodistribution, intravenous injection of AAV9 was evaluated. AAV9 expressing feline β-galactosidase was intravenously administered at 1.5x1013 vector genomes/kilogram body weight to six GM1 cats at approximately 1 month of age. The animals were divided into two cohorts: 1) a long-term group, which was followed to humane endpoint, and 2) a short-term group, which was analyzed 16-weeks post treatment. Clinical assessments included neurological exams, cerebrospinal fluid and urine biomarkers, and 7-Telsa magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Postmortem analysis included β-galactosidase and virus distribution, histological analysis, and ganglioside content. Untreated GM1 animals survived 8.0 ± 0.6 months while intravenous treatment increased survival to an average of 3.5 years (n = 2) with substantial improvements in quality of life and neurologic function. Neurological abnormalities, which in untreated animals progress to the inability to stand and debilitating neurological disease by 8 months of age, were mild in all treated animals. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were normalized, indicating decreased central nervous system cell damage in the treated animals. Urinary glycosaminoglycans decreased to normal levels in the long-term cohort. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy showed partial preservation of the brain in treated animals, which was supported by postmortem histological evaluation. β-galactosidase activity was increased throughout the central nervous system, reaching carrier levels in much of the cerebrum and normal levels in the cerebellum, spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid. Ganglioside accumulation was significantly reduced by treatment. Peripheral tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and sciatic nerve also had normal β-galactosidase activity in treated GM1 cats. GM1 histopathology was largely corrected with treatment. There was no evidence of tumorigenesis or toxicity. Restoration of β-galactosidase activity in the central nervous system and peripheral organs by intravenous gene therapy led to profound increases in lifespan and quality of life in GM1 cats. This data supports the promise of intravenous gene therapy as a safe, effective treatment for GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849 USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Cassie N Bebout
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Nathan L Ta
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA
| | - Kayly Nielsen
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Brandon L Brunson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849 USA
| | - Kalajan R Lopez Mercado
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Devin E Osterhoudt
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Ana Rita Batista
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Stacy Maitland
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | | | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849 USA
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23
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Maestro S, Weber ND, Zabaleta N, Aldabe R, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Novel vectors and approaches for gene therapy in liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100300. [PMID: 34159305 PMCID: PMC8203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is becoming an increasingly valuable tool to treat many genetic diseases with no or limited treatment options. This is the case for hundreds of monogenic metabolic disorders of hepatic origin, for which liver transplantation remains the only cure. Furthermore, the liver contains 10-15% of the body's total blood volume, making it ideal for use as a factory to secrete proteins into the circulation. In recent decades, an expanding toolbox has become available for liver-directed gene delivery. Although viral vectors have long been the preferred approach to target hepatocytes, an increasing number of non-viral vectors are emerging as highly efficient vehicles for the delivery of genetic material. Herein, we review advances in gene delivery vectors targeting the liver and more specifically hepatocytes, covering strategies based on gene addition and gene editing, as well as the exciting results obtained with the use of RNA as a therapeutic molecule. Moreover, we will briefly summarise some of the limitations of current liver-directed gene therapy approaches and potential ways of overcoming them.
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Key Words
- AAT, α1-antitrypsin
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AHP, acute hepatic porphyrias
- AIP, acute intermittent porphyria
- ALAS1, aminolevulic synthase 1
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- ASGCT, American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy
- ASGPR, asialoglycoprotein receptor
- ASOs, antisense oligonucleotides
- Ad, adenovirus
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthase
- CN, Crigel-Najjar
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR associated protein 9
- DSBs, double-strand breaks
- ERT, enzyme replacement therapy
- FH, familial hypercholesterolemia
- FSP27, fat-specific protein 27
- GO, glycolate oxidase
- GSD1a, glycogen storage disorder 1a
- GT, gene therapy
- GUSB, β-glucuronidase
- GalNAc, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
- HDAd, helper-dependent adenovirus
- HDR, homology-directed repair
- HT, hereditary tyrosinemia
- HemA/B, haemophilia A/B
- IDS, iduronate 2-sulfatase
- IDUA, α-L-iduronidase
- IMLD, inherited metabolic liver diseases
- ITR, inverted terminal repetition
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LNP, Lipid nanoparticles
- LTR, long terminal repeat
- LV, lentivirus
- MMA, methylmalonic acidemia
- MPR, metabolic pathway reprograming
- MPS type I, MPSI
- MPS type VII, MPSVII
- MPS, mucopolysaccharidosis
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- NHPs, non-human primates
- Non-viral vectors
- OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation
- OTC, ornithine transcarbamylase
- PA, propionic acidemia
- PB, piggyBac
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PFIC3, progressive familial cholestasis type 3
- PH1, Primary hyperoxaluria type 1
- PKU, phenylketonuria
- RV, retrovirus
- S/MAR, scaffold matrix attachment regions
- SB, Sleeping Beauty
- SRT, substrate reduction therapy
- STK25, serine/threonine protein kinase 25
- TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nucleases
- TTR, transthyretin
- UCD, urea cycle disorders
- VLDLR, very-low-density lipoprotein receptor
- WD, Wilson’s disease
- ZFN, zinc finger nucleases
- apoB/E, apolipoprotein B/E
- dCas9, dead Cas9
- efficacy
- gene addition
- gene editing
- gene silencing
- hepatocytes
- immune response
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- siRNA, small-interfering RNA
- toxicity
- viral vectors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Maestro
- Gene Therapy Area, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- Gene Therapy Area, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Address: CIMA, Universidad de Navarra. Av. Pio XII 55 31008 Pamplona. Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy Area, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Vivet Therapeutics, Pamplona, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Address: CIMA, Universidad de Navarra. Av. Pio XII 55 31008 Pamplona. Spain
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24
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Flotte TR, Gao G. Immune Responses to Recombinant Adenoviruses As Gene Therapy Vectors and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Two-Edged Sword. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:645-646. [PMID: 34283643 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.29169.trf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Adenoviral Vector DNA- and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccines: Possible Integration into the Human Genome - Are Adenoviral Genes Expressed in Vector-based Vaccines? Virus Res 2021; 302:198466. [PMID: 34087261 PMCID: PMC8168329 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vigorous vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2-causing Covid-19 are the major chance to fight this dreadful pandemic. The currently administered vaccines depend on adenovirus DNA vectors or on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA that might become reverse transcribed into DNA, however infrequently. In some societies, people have become sensitized against the potential short- or long-term side effects of foreign DNA being injected into humans. In my laboratory, the fate of foreign DNA in mammalian (human) cells and organisms has been investigated for many years. In this review, a summary of the results obtained will be presented. This synopsis has been put in the evolutionary context of retrotransposon insertions into pre-human genomes millions of years ago. In addition, studies on adenovirus vector-based DNA, on the fate of food-ingested DNA as well as the long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/DNA will be described. Actual integration of viral DNA molecules and of adenovirus vector DNA will likely be chance events whose frequency and epigenetic consequences cannot with certainty be assessed. The review also addresses problems of remaining adenoviral gene expression in adenoviral-based vectors and their role in side effects of vaccines. Eventually, it will come down to weighing the possible risks of genomic insertions of vaccine-associated foreign DNA and unknown levels of vector-carried adenoviral gene expression versus protection against the dangers of Covid-19. A decision in favor of vaccination against life-threatening disease appears prudent. Informing the public about the complexities of biology will be a reliable guide when having to reach personal decisions about vaccinations.
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26
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Sun J, Roy S. Gene-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:297-311. [PMID: 33526943 PMCID: PMC8394447 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is making a comeback. With its twin promise of targeting disease etiology and 'long-term correction', gene-based therapies (defined here as all forms of genome manipulation) are particularly appealing for neurodegenerative diseases, for which conventional pharmacologic approaches have been largely disappointing. The recent success of a viral-vector-based gene therapy in spinal muscular atrophy-promoting survival and motor function with a single intravenous injection-offers a paradigm for such therapeutic intervention and a platform to build on. Although challenges remain, the newfound optimism largely stems from advances in the development of viral vectors that can diffusely deliver genes throughout the CNS, as well as genome-engineering tools that can manipulate disease pathways in ways that were previously impossible. Surely spinal muscular atrophy cannot be the only neurodegenerative disease amenable to gene therapy, and one can imagine a future in which the toolkit of a clinician will include gene-based therapeutics. The goal of this Review is to highlight advances in the development and application of gene-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and offer a prospective look into this emerging arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Correspondence:
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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28
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Buscara L, Gross DA, Daniele N. Of rAAV and Men: From Genetic Neuromuscular Disorder Efficacy and Toxicity Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials and Back. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E258. [PMID: 33260623 PMCID: PMC7768510 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a large group of rare pathologies characterised by skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, with the common involvement of respiratory and/or cardiac muscles. These diseases lead to life-long motor deficiencies and specific organ failures, and are, in their worst-case scenarios, life threatening. Amongst other causes, they can be genetically inherited through mutations in more than 500 different genes. In the last 20 years, specific pharmacological treatments have been approved for human usage. However, these "à-la-carte" therapies cover only a very small portion of the clinical needs and are often partially efficient in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, even less so in curing it. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer is a more general strategy that could be adapted for a large majority of these diseases and has proved very efficient in rescuing the symptoms in many neuropathological animal models. On this solid ground, several clinical trials are currently being conducted with the whole-body delivery of the therapeutic vectors. This review recapitulates the state-of-the-art tools for neuron and muscle-targeted gene therapy, and summarises the main findings of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) trials. Despite promising efficacy results, serious adverse events of various severities were observed in these trials. Possible leads for second-generation products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; (L.B.); (D.-A.G.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
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29
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Chéneau C, Kremer EJ. Adenovirus-Extracellular Protein Interactions and Their Impact on Innate Immune Responses by Human Mononuclear Phagocytes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121351. [PMID: 33255892 PMCID: PMC7760109 DOI: 10.3390/v12121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight how, in a syngeneic system, human mononuclear phagocytes respond to environments containing human adenovirus (HAdV) and soluble extracellular proteins that influence their innate immune response. Soluble extracellular proteins, including immunoglobulins, blood clotting factors, proteins of the complement system, and/or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can exert direct effects by binding to a virus capsid that modifies interactions with pattern recognition receptors and downstream signaling. In addition, the presence, generation, or secretion of extracellular proteins can indirectly influence the response to HAdVs via the activation and recruitment of cells at the site of infection.
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30
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Wilson JM, Flotte TR. Moving Forward After Two Deaths in a Gene Therapy Trial of Myotubular Myopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:695-696. [PMID: 32605399 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terence R Flotte
- Editor-in-Chief, Human Gene Therapy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Baker AH, Herzog RW. Did Dendritic Cell Activation, Induced by Adenovirus-Antibody Complexes, Play a Role in the Death of Jesse Gelsinger? Mol Ther 2020; 28:704-706. [PMID: 32061269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Baker
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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