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Kohan DE, Bedard P, Jenkinson C, Hendry B, Komers R. Mechanism of protective actions of sparsentan in the kidney: lessons from studies in models of chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:645-662. [PMID: 38808486 PMCID: PMC11139641 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 and endothelin ETA receptors has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of chronic progressive kidney disease. This therapeutic approach has been advanced by the introduction of sparsentan, the first dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonist. Sparsentan is a single molecule with high affinity for both receptors. It is US Food and Drug Administration approved for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and is currently being developed as a treatment for rare kidney diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in these conditions. In parallel with clinical development, studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of sparsentan and its position in the context of published evidence characterizing the nephroprotective effects of dual ETA and AT1 receptor inhibition. This review summarizes this evidence, documenting beneficial anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and hemodynamic actions of sparsentan in the kidney and protective actions in glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, the tubulointerstitium, and podocytes, thus providing the rationale for the use of sparsentan as therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgAN and suggesting potential benefits in other renal diseases, such as Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Bruce Hendry
- Travere Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Radko Komers
- Travere Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Huang D, Kidd JM, Zou Y, Wu X, Li N, Gehr TWB, Li PL, Li G. Podocyte-specific silencing of acid sphingomyelinase gene to abrogate hyperhomocysteinemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F988-F1003. [PMID: 38634138 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been reported to increase tissue ceramide and thereby mediate hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy)-induced glomerular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, inflammation, and sclerosis. In the present study, we tested whether somatic podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene (mouse ASM gene code) attenuates hHcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated extracellular vesicle (EV) release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. In vivo, somatic podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing almost blocked hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Podocre (podocyte-specific expression of cre recombinase) mice compared with control littermates. By nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), floxed Smpd1 shRNA transfection was found to abrogate hHcy-induced elevation of urinary EV excretion in Podocre mice. In addition, Smpd1 gene silencing in podocytes prevented hHcy-induced immune cell infiltration into glomeruli, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis in Podocre mice. Such protective effects of podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing were mimicked by global knockout of Smpd1 gene in Smpd1-/- mice. On the contrary, podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene overexpression exaggerated hHcy-induced glomerular pathological changes in Smpd1trg/Podocre (podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene overexpression) mice, which were significantly attenuated by transfection of floxed Smpd1 shRNA. In cell studies, we also confirmed that Smpd1 gene knockout or silencing prevented homocysteine (Hcy)-induced elevation of EV release in the primary cultures of podocyte isolated from Smpd1-/- mice or podocytes of Podocre mice transfected with floxed Smpd1 shRNA compared with WT/WT podocytes. Smpd1 gene overexpression amplified Hcy-induced EV secretion from podocytes of Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, which was remarkably attenuated by transfection of floxed Smpd1 shRNA. Mechanistically, Hcy-induced elevation of EV release from podocytes was blocked by ASM inhibitor (amitriptyline, AMI), but not by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors (MCC950 and glycyrrhizin, GLY). Super-resolution microscopy also showed that ASM inhibitor, but not NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, prevented the inhibition of lysosome-multivesicular body interaction by Hcy in podocytes. Moreover, we found that podocyte-derived inflammatory EVs (released from podocytes treated with Hcy) induced podocyte injury, which was exaggerated by T cell coculture. Interstitial infusion of inflammatory EVs into renal cortex induced glomerular injury and immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ASM in podocytes plays a crucial role in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory EV release during hHcy and that the development of podocyte-specific ASM inhibition or Smpd1 gene silencing may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of hHcy-induced glomerular disease with minimized side effect.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we tested whether podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy)-induced nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and associated inflammatory extracellular vesicle (EV) release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. Our findings suggest that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in podocytes plays a crucial role in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory EV release during hHcy. Based on our findings, it is anticipated that the development of podocyte-specific ASM inhibition or Smpd1 gene silencing may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of hHcy-induced glomerular disease with minimized side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jason M Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Trachtman H, Komers R, Inrig J. Sparsentan: the first and only non-immunosuppressive therapy for the reduction of proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:571-576. [PMID: 38362830 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2319132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IgA nephropathy is one of the most common forms of glomerular disease. Patients with persistent proteinuria are at increased risk of progression to kidney failure. There is a significant need for safe and effective therapies to lower proteinuria in these patients. Sparsentan is a non-immunosuppressive agent that acts as a dual angiotensin and endothelin receptor antagonist. It lowers proteinuria in experimental models of glomerular disease and in affected patients. AREAS COVERED This review covers the immunological and non-immunological actions of sparsentan in glomerular disease. It reviews the clinical trials that evaluated the impact of the drug in pediatric and adult patients with IgA nephropathy. It places the use of sparsentan in an overall treatment paradigm for the full spectrum of patients with IgA nephropathy including nonspecific renoprotective agents such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and SGLT2 transporter and immunosuppressive drugs. The review represents a search of the current literature about the effect of the drug on normal physiology and the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. EXPERT OPINION The safety, tolerability, and therapeutic efficacy of sparsentan have been demonstrated in long-term studies of patients with primary glomerular diseases extending over 5 years. The evidence in support of a beneficial treatment effect of sparsentan is stronger in IgAN than in FSGS. It is anticipated that sparsentan will supplant the use of ACEI or ARB as the first-line therapy to reduce proteinuria prior to the implementation of immunosuppressive agents in patients with IgA nephropathy. It may be combined with other renoprotective drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors. Practice guidelines are needed to promote safe and effective use of this new drug by nephrologists caring for patients with IgAN in all clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jula Inrig
- Travere Therapeutics, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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Moore KH, Erman EN, Traylor AM, Esman SK, Jiang Y, LaFontaine JR, Zmijewska A, Lu Y, Soliman RH, Agarwal A, George JF. Cognate antigen-independent differentiation of resident memory T cells in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F839-F854. [PMID: 38450434 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRMs), which are memory T cells that are retained locally within tissues, have recently been described as antigen-specific frontline defenders against pathogens in barrier and nonbarrier epithelial tissues. They have also been noted for perpetuating chronic inflammation. The conditions responsible for TRM differentiation are still poorly understood, and their contributions, if any, to sterile models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain a mystery. In this study, we subjected male C57BL/6J mice and OT-1 transgenic mice to five consecutive days of 2 mg/kg aristolochic acid (AA) injections intraperitoneally to induce CKD or saline injections as a control. We evaluated their kidney immune profiles at 2 wk, 6 wk, and 6 mo after treatment. We identified a substantial population of TRMs in the kidneys of mice with AA-induced CKD. Flow cytometry of injured kidneys showed T cells bearing TRM surface markers and single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing revealed these cells as expressing well-known TRM transcription factors and receptors responsible for TRM differentiation and maintenance. Although kidney TRMs expressed Cd44, a marker of antigen experience and T cell activation, their derivation was independent of cognate antigen-T cell receptor interactions, as the kidneys of transgenic OT-1 mice still harbored considerable proportions of TRMs after injury. Our results suggest a nonantigen-specific or antigen-independent mechanism capable of generating TRMs in the kidney and highlight the need to better understand TRMs and their involvement in CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Resident memory T cells (TRMs) differentiate and are retained within the kidneys of mice with aristolochic acid (AA)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we characterized this kidney TRM population and demonstrated TRM derivation in the kidneys of OT-1 transgenic mice with AA-induced CKD. A better understanding of TRMs and the processes by which they can differentiate independent of antigen may help our understanding of the interactions between the immune system and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Moore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Elise N Erman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Amie M Traylor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Stephanie K Esman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jennifer R LaFontaine
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Anna Zmijewska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Reham H Soliman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - James F George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Liang CL, Wei YY, Chen Y, Luo Y, Qin F, Chen Y, Liu H, Qiu F, Wu J, Yang B, Liu Y, Dai Z. Zhen-Wu-Tang ameliorates lupus nephritis by diminishing renal tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells via suppressing IL-15/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116597. [PMID: 38643544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zhen-Wu-Tang (ZWT), a conventional herbal mixture, has been recommended for treating lupus nephritis (LN) in clinic. However, its mechanisms of action remain unknown. Here we aimed to define the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of ZWT on LN and to determine whether it affects renal tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Murine LN was induced by a single injection of pristane, while in vitro TRM cells differentiated with IL-15/TGF-β. We found that ZWT or mycophenolate mofetil treatment significantly ameliorated kidney injury in LN mice by decreasing 24-h urine protein, Scr and anti-dsDNA Ab. ZWT also improved renal pathology and decreased IgG and C3 depositions. In addition, ZWT down-regulated renal Desmin expression. Moreover, it lowered the numbers of CD8+ TRM cells in kidney of mice with LN while decreasing their expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Consistent with in vivo results, ZWT-containing serum inhibited TRM cell differentiation induced by IL-15/TGF-β in vitro. Mechanistically, it suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3 and CD122 (IL2/IL-15Rβ)expression in CD8+ TRM cells. Importantly, ZWT reduced the number of total F4/80+CD11b+ and CD86+, but not CD206+, macrophages in the kidney of LN mice. Interestingly, ZWT suppressed IL-15 protein expression in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Thus, we have provided the first evidence that ZWT decoction can be used to improve the outcome of LN by reducing CD8+ TRM cells via inhibition of IL-15/IL-15R /STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liang
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yu-Yan Wei
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yini Luo
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fenglian Qin
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Nantong-Leicester Joint Institute of Kidney Science & Nephrology, Afiliated Hospital of Nantong University,. Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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6
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Peng QY, An Y, Jiang ZZ, Xu Y. The Role of Immune Cells in DKD: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2103-2118. [PMID: 38601771 PMCID: PMC11005934 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s457526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is a common microvascular complication and a major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Disorders of immune cells and immune cytokines can accelerate DKD development of in a number of ways. As the kidney is composed of complex and highly differentiated cells, the interactions among different cell types and immune cells play important regulatory roles in disease development. Here, we summarize the latest research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among various immune and renal cells in DKD. In addition, we discuss the most recent studies related to single cell technology and bioinformatics analysis in the field of DKD. The aims of our review were to explore immune cells as potential therapeutic targets in DKD and provide some guidance for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu HX, Yang SH, Gao CY, Bian ZH, Chen XM, Huang RR, Meng QL, Li X, Jin H, Tsuneyama K, Han Y, Li L, Zhao ZB, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. Targeting pathogenic CD8 + tissue-resident T cells with chimeric antigen receptor therapy in murine autoimmune cholangitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2936. [PMID: 38580644 PMCID: PMC10997620 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by autoreactive T cell response against intrahepatic small bile ducts. Here, we use Il12b-/-Il2ra-/- mice (DKO mice) as a model of autoimmune cholangitis and demonstrate that Cd8a knockout or treatment with an anti-CD8α antibody prevents/reduces biliary immunopathology. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we identified CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells in the livers of DKO mice, which highly express activation- and cytotoxicity-associated markers and induce apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells. Liver CD8+ Trm cells also upregulate the expression of several immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-1. We describe the development of a chimeric antigen receptor to target PD-1-expressing CD8+ Trm cells. Treatment of DKO mice with PD-1-targeting CAR-T cells selectively depleted liver CD8+ Trm cells and alleviated autoimmune cholangitis. Our work highlights the pathogenic role of CD8+ Trm cells and the potential therapeutic usage of PD-1-targeting CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xian Zhu
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Han Yang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Bian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Min Chen
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Huang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Li Meng
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Hall G. Interleukin-15 in kidney disease and therapeutics. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:174-180. [PMID: 38164877 PMCID: PMC10893218 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a member of the IL-2 family of common gamma chain receptor cytokines with well described anti-inflammatory, pro-survival and pro-proliferative signaling properties. The cytoprotective role of IL-15 in the kidney is now coming into focus with recent reports of its beneficial actions in various forms of kidney disease. This review will summarize what is currently known about IL-15 signaling in the kidney and highlight recent evidence of its beneficial effects on kidney physiology. RECENT FINDINGS IL-15 and its heterotrimeric receptor are expressed throughout the kidney. Like all IL-2 family cytokines, IL-15 can activate signaling through the Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer of activated T-cells (STAT), phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and recent evidence suggests that STAT5B is an essential transcriptional mediator of prosurvival signaling in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (i.e. podocytes). IL-15 has also been shown to suppress pro-apoptotic signaling in models of acute kidney injury and pro-fibrotic signaling in models of chronic kidney disease. SUMMARY The cytoprotective properties of IL-15 suggest that it may have potential as a nonimmunosuppresive therapeutic for kidney disease. A novel class of IL-15 immunotherapies has emerged for the treatment cancer and some have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. These well tolerated IL-15 agonists could possibly be repurposed for the treatment of kidney disease and warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentzon Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Trachtman H, Komers R, Inrig J. Status of current trials and potential future trials with sparsentan. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:145-147. [PMID: 37466432 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA
| | - Radko Komers
- Travere Therapeutics, Inc. San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jula Inrig
- Travere Therapeutics, Inc. San Diego, California, USA
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10
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Pham JP, Wark KJL, Woods J, Frew JW. Resident cutaneous memory T cells: a clinical review of their role in chronic inflammatory dermatoses and potential as therapeutic targets. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:656-663. [PMID: 37603832 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (T-RMs) remain in epithelial barrier tissues after antigen exposure and the initial effector phase. These T-RMs provide effective antimicrobial and anticancer immunity; however, pathogenic T-RMs have been shown to mediate various chronic inflammatory disorders in a variety of tissue types. In the skin, T-RMs are referred to as resident cutaneous memory T cells (cT-RMs). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the development and establishment of these cT-RMs populations may allow for targeted treatments that provide durable responses in chronic immune-mediated skin diseases, even after cessation. In this review, we summarize the evidence on cT-RMs as drivers of chronic inflammatory dermatoses, including psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata, among others. Data from in vitro, animal model and ex vivo human studies are presented, with a focus on the potential for cT-RMs to trigger acute disease flares, as well as recurrent disease, by establishing an immune 'memory' in the skin. Furthermore, the available data on the potential for existing and novel treatments to affect the development or survival of cT-RMs in the skin are synthesized. The data suggest a dynamic and rapidly growing area in the field of dermatology; however, we also discuss areas in need of greater research to allow for optimal treatment selection for long-term disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty J L Wark
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Woods
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - John W Frew
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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11
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Wu A, Niu J, Hong Z, Gu L, Huang Y, Qiu L. The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on the local immune response of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211114. [PMID: 37928525 PMCID: PMC10623119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and elucidate the effects and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the local immune response of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Materials and methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to compare immune cells infiltration before and after ALA-PDT in 23 patients with CIN2. The infiltration of immune cells into the cervical tissues of patients with different outcomes was also compared at the 6-month follow-up period. Immune cell counts in samples collected before and after treatment were compared. Results We found an increased number of CD8+ T cell infiltration, an increased proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing Granzyme B (GrB), Chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, and a decreased proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 in patients with CIN2 compared to that before ALA-PDT. Moreover, at the 6-month follow-up, there was higher infiltration of CD8+ T and CD8+ TRM cells, higher expression of GrB and CXCR3, and lower expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells in the HPV clearance and CIN2 disappearance groups than in the HPV-positive and CIN2 regression groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the number of CD8+ TSCM following ALA-PDT. Conclusion ALA-PDT could activate CD8+ T cell responses by modulating the expression of CXCR3 and PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and increasing the infiltration of CD8+ TRM cells. And the infiltration of CD8+ T cells is correlated with the prognosis of CIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zubei Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao S, Xu T, Yin Y. JAK/STAT signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233259. [PMID: 37635867 PMCID: PMC10450957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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13
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Crow MK. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: risks, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:999-1014. [PMID: 36792346 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Research elucidating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has defined two critical families of mediators, type I interferon (IFN-I) and autoantibodies targeting nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as fundamental contributors to the disease. On the fertile background of significant genetic risk, a triggering stimulus, perhaps microbial, induces IFN-I, autoantibody production or most likely both. When innate and adaptive immune system cells are engaged and collaborate in the autoimmune response, clinical SLE can develop. This review describes recent data from genetic analyses of patients with SLE, along with current studies of innate and adaptive immune function that contribute to sustained IFN-I pathway activation, immune activation and autoantibody production, generation of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. The goal of these studies is to understand disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets and stimulate development of therapeutics that can achieve improved outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Luo Y, Zhang L, Zhao T. Identification and analysis of cellular senescence-associated signatures in diabetic kidney disease by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193228. [PMID: 37396184 PMCID: PMC10313062 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes that is clinically characterized by progressive albuminuria due to glomerular destruction. The etiology of DKD is multifactorial, and numerous studies have demonstrated that cellular senescence plays a significant role in its pathogenesis, but the specific mechanism requires further investigation. Methods This study utilized 5 datasets comprising 144 renal samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We obtained cellular senescence-related pathways from the Molecular Signatures Database and evaluated the activity of senescence pathways in DKD patients using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm. Furthermore, we identified module genes related to cellular senescence pathways through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm and used machine learning algorithms to screen for hub genes related to senescence. Subsequently, we constructed a cellular senescence-related signature (SRS) risk score based on hub genes using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and verified mRNA levels of hub genes by RT-PCR in vivo. Finally, we validated the relationship between the SRS risk score and kidney function, as well as their association with mitochondrial function and immune infiltration. Results The activity of cellular senescence-related pathways was found to be elevated among DKD patients. Based on 5 hub genes (LIMA1, ZFP36, FOS, IGFBP6, CKB), a cellular senescence-related signature (SRS) was constructed and validated as a risk factor for renal function decline in DKD patients. Notably, patients with high SRS risk scores exhibited extensive inhibition of mitochondrial pathways and upregulation of immune cell infiltration. Conclusion Collectively, our findings demonstrated that cellular senescence is involved in the process of DKD, providing a novel strategy for treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongfeng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kyaw T, Drummond G, Bobik A. Interferon regulatory factor 4 a master regulator of hypertensive kidney fibrosis and inflammation? J Hypertens 2023; 41:906-908. [PMID: 37139693 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton
| | - Grant Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, La Trobe University Bundoora
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Mohan C, Zhang T, Putterman C. Pathogenic cellular and molecular mediators in lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00722-z. [PMID: 37225921 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kidney involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - lupus nephritis (LN) - is one of the most important and common clinical manifestations of this disease and occurs in 40-60% of patients. Current treatment regimens achieve a complete kidney response in only a minority of affected individuals, and 10-15% of patients with LN develop kidney failure, with its attendant morbidity and considerable prognostic implications. Moreover, the medications most often used to treat LN - corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs - are associated with substantial side effects. Advances in proteomics, flow cytometry and RNA sequencing have led to important new insights into immune cells, molecules and mechanistic pathways that are instrumental in the pathogenesis of LN. These insights, together with a renewed focus on the study of human LN kidney tissue, suggest new therapeutic targets that are already being tested in lupus animal models and early-phase clinical trials and, as such, are hoped to eventually lead to meaningful improvements in the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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17
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Badeński A, Badeńska M, Świętochowska E, Janek A, Gliwińska A, Morawiec-Knysak A, Szczepańska M. Assessment of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) Concentration in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086993. [PMID: 37108157 PMCID: PMC10139059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a chronic glomerular disease in children, characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and/or presence of edema and hyperlipidemia. The pathogenesis, however, has not been yet established. The clinical course of the disease is characterized by frequent relapses. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, that apart from its involvement in the immune system, was found to be playing a vital role in various cells' functioning, including renal tissue. It is desirable to look for new predictors of INS. Our study aimed to evaluate IL-15 as a potential marker in the early diagnosis of the disease. The cohort participating in the study consisted of patients hospitalized in Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Zabrze, from December 2019 to December 2021, including study group with INS (n = 30) and control group (n = 44). Results: The concentration of IL-15 in both serum and urine was significantly elevated in patients with INS, compared to healthy controls. The cytokine might serve as a marker of the disease, however, further research on larger study groups is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Badeński
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marta Badeńska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland
| | - Artur Janek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gliwińska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aurelia Morawiec-Knysak
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology with Dialysis Division for Children, Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Zabrze, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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18
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Liu Y, Lv Y, Zhang T, Huang T, Lang Y, Sheng Q, Liu Y, Kong Z, Gao Y, Lu S, Yang M, Luan Y, Wang X, Lv Z. T cells and their products in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084448. [PMID: 36776877 PMCID: PMC9909022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and has gradually become a public health problem worldwide. DKD is increasingly recognized as a comprehensive inflammatory disease that is largely regulated by T cells. Given the pivotal role of T cells and T cells-producing cytokines in DKD, we summarized recent advances concerning T cells in the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and provided a novel perspective of immune-related factors in diabetes. Specific emphasis is placed on the classification of T cells, process of T cell recruitment, function of T cells in the development of diabetic kidney damage, and potential treatments and therapeutic strategies involving T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaodong Lv
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqi Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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19
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Borza CM, Bolas G, Pozzi A. Genetic and pharmacological tools to study the role of discoidin domain receptors in kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001122. [PMID: 36249782 PMCID: PMC9554349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injury the kidney undergoes a repair process, which results in replacement of the injured tissue with little evidence of damage. However, repetitive injuries or inability of the kidney to stop the repair process result in abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components leading to fibrosis and organ dysfunction. The synthesis/degradation of ECM components is finely regulated by several factors, including discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). These are receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by collagens. Upon activation, DDRs control several cell functions that, when exacerbated, contribute to kidney injury and fibrosis. DDRs are undetectable in healthy kidney, but become rapidly upregulated in several kidney fibrotic conditions, thus making them attractive anti-fibrotic targets. DDRs contribute to kidney injury and fibrosis by promoting apoptosis of injured kidney cells, stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the production of ECM components. They achieve these effects by activating canonical intracellular molecules or by directly interacting with nuclear chromatin and promoting the transcription of pro-fibrotic genes. The goal of this review is to highlight canonical and non-canonical mechanisms whereby DDRs contribute to kidney injury/fibrosis. This review will summarize key findings obtained using cells and mice lacking DDRs and it will discuss the discovery and development of targeted DDR small molecule- and antisense-based inhibitors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms whereby DDRs control kidney injury and fibrosis might enable us to not only develop more selective and potent inhibitors, but to also determine when DDR inhibition needs to be achieved to prevent and/or halt the development of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M. Borza
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gema Bolas
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, TN, United States
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20
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Cui X, Shi E, Li J, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang Z, Liu M, Tang W, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhen J, Wang X, Yi F. GPR87 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by accelerating glycolysis and mitochondrial injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:58-70. [PMID: 35843477 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the best predictor of renal survival. However, current treatments for CKD remain extremely limited. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed to either stop or reverse CKD progression. The present study was designed to explore the potential role of GPR87, a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. It was found that GPR87 was significantly induced in the kidney, especially in tubular areas, from different mouse models of renal fibrosis, including unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) nephropathy, aristolochic acid nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy, respectively. Tubule-specific GPR87 deletion dramatically ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. Mechanistically, GPR87 accelerated glycolysis and mitochondrial injury by YAP-hexokinase-2 signaling, thereby promoting renal fibrosis. Importantly, the upregulation of GPR87 was also found in the kidney from patients with various CKD, indicating that the induction of GPR87 may be a common feature of human kidney diseases. Collectively, our studies for the first time demonstrate that GPR87 plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis at least in part by accelerating glycolysis and mitochondrial injury, suggesting that targeting GPR87 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Enhua Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yujia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhe Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yusheng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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